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Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N, Xiao SX, Xu J, Berger RH, Pierotti SL, Laible DJ, Carlo G, Gal-Szabo DE, Janssen J, Fraser A, Xu X, Wang W, Lopez J. White children's empathy-related responding and prosocial behavior toward White and Black children. Child Dev 2023; 94:93-109. [PMID: 35959778 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Relations among White (non-Latinx) children's empathy-related responding, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes toward White and Black peers were examined. In 2017, 190 (54% boys) White 5- to 9-year-old children (M = 7.09 years, SD = 0.94) watched a series of videos that depicted social rejection of either a White or Black child. Empathy-related responses, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes were measured using multiple methods. Results showed that younger children showed less facial concern toward Black than White peers and greater increases with age in concern and prosocial behaviors (sharing a desirable prize) for Black, compared to White, targets. Children's facial anger increased with age for White but not Black targets. The findings can extend our understanding children's anti-racism development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sonya Xinyue Xiao
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jingyi Xu
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Rebecca H Berger
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah L Pierotti
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah J Laible
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Diana E Gal-Szabo
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jayley Janssen
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ashley Fraser
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaoye Xu
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Wen Wang
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jamie Lopez
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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2
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Rozmann N, Nahari G. Credibility assessments of alibi accounts: the role of cultural intergroup bias. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2021; 29:535-548. [PMID: 35903498 PMCID: PMC9318237 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1938274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that judges and jurors are influenced by suspect ethnicity and that they might discriminate against out-group suspects in making decisions. This study examined the tendency to favor in-group members, as predicted by social identity theory, in assessing alibi credibility. Forty Israeli-Jewish and 40 Israeli-Arab participants assessed the credibility of an alibi statement provided by a suspect who was either Israeli-Jewish or Israeli-Arab. Findings show that participants were more likely to believe the alibi when it was provided by an in-group suspect than by an out-group suspect, supporting intergroup bias in alibi credibility assessments. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Rozmann
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Nahari
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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3
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Davis SR, Prince MA, Hallgren KA, Johnson N, Stanley LR, Swaim RC. Classes of drinking motives among American Indian youth drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:392-400. [PMID: 31081646 PMCID: PMC6554045 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research exploring American Indian (AI) youth drinking motives and their relation to negative outcomes is critical due to higher rates of alcohol use and early exposure to intoxication in the population. The purpose of this study is to explore classes of drinking motives as they relate to heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, religious importance, ethnic identity, and ethnic pride. This study is part of an ongoing epidemiologic and etiologic investigation of substance use among AI youth drinkers living on or near reservations (n = 1,934, Mage = 15.31). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to discern latent classes of drinking motives. Once latent classes were identified, differences in perceived discrimination, ethnic pride, ethnic identity, religious importance, and heavy episodic drinking were tested. A 2-class solution provided the best overall model fit to the data. The higher coping and enhancement motive class was associated with significantly greater heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, and ethnic identity compared with the low motive class. Further, the class structure did not differ between 7th and 8th graders and 9th-12th graders. Results indicate that among AI youth, the class with strong motives to drink for coping or enhancement had higher ethnic identity, greater risk of heavy episodic drinking, and greater perceived discrimination compared with the class with low motives. Future research should examine additional factors and stressors that may be associated with these classes of drinking motives and are unique to the AI population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin A Hallgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Nick Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University
| | - Linda R Stanley
- Tri-ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University
| | - Randall C Swaim
- Tri-ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University
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Pilvisto H, Valk A. The Effect of a Majority Group's Orientation Toward Acculturation on a Minority Group's Feelings of National Identity. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aune Valk
- Estonian Literary Museum; Tartu Estonia
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5
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Upadhyayula S, Ramaswamy M, Chalise P, Daniels J, Freudenberg N. The Association of Ethnic Pride With Health and Social Outcomes Among Young Black and Latino Men After Release From Jail. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2017; 49:1057-1076. [PMID: 29176915 PMCID: PMC5699229 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x15576736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand whether ethnic pride among young, incarcerated Black and Latino men was associated with successful community reentry. We interviewed 397 Black and Latino men 16 to 18 years old in a New York City jail and then again 1 year after their release to determine the relationship between participants' sense of ethnic pride during incarceration, and substance use, violence, recidivism, and education/ employment after release from jail. Participants with higher ethnic pride scores were less likely to engage in illegal activities and be reincarcerated. Ethnic pride was also associated with feeling safe in gangs and positive attitudes toward avoiding violence in situations of conflict. Ethnic pride was not associated with substance use, education, or engagement in community-based organizations post release. This study demonstrated that ethnic pride might be a source of strength that young men of color can harness for successful community reentry after release from jail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megha Ramaswamy
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Jessie Daniels
- City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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Yu NX, Liu C, Yue Z. Resilience mediated the association between acculturation and psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou, China. J Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28635438 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1294730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of Hong Kong citizens living in mainland China is increasing. The process of acculturation may create opportunities for psychological growth. AIMS This study aimed at examining whether resilience mediated the effects of acculturation on psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou. METHOD In this cross-sectional survey, 164 college students in Guangzhou who were Hong Kong permanent residents (female: 46%, age: 21.09 ± 1.50) joined the study. RESULTS The integration group reported more psychological growth than the assimilation, separation, and marginalization groups. Resilience partially mediated the effect of integration on psychological growth and fully mediated the effect of marginalization on psychological growth. CONCLUSIONS Resilience represents one of the mechanisms to explain beneficial effects of integration on psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou. Theoretical considerations to rethink the acculturation model, implications for developing intervention programs, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- a Department of Applied Social Sciences , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China and
| | - Chang Liu
- b Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenzhu Yue
- b Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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van Zomeren M, Susilani N, Berend S. Explaining a rare null relationship between group identification and social protest through a relational form of coping with low group status. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v4i1.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary and meta-analytic research strongly suggests that group identification motivates disadvantaged group members for social protest to achieve social change. However, most studies on social protest are conducted in contexts that are already conducive to this positive relationship (i.e., conditions of hope and scope for social change). Two studies of Indonesian ethnic minority group members’ coping with low group status add to this literature by testing (a) whether group identification motivated social protest in a cultural context in which group identity is valued while hope and scope for social change are lacking, and (b) alternatively, whether individuals engage in a relational form of coping that revolves around seeking shelter in social relationships to protect well-being. In both studies (N = 80 and N = 132), we predicted and found a rare null correlation between group identification and social protest, and rather strong support that coping with low group status revolved around seeking shelter in social relationships. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for identity management and relationship regulation processes in contexts that lack hope and scope for social protest to achieve social change.
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8
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Exploring the impact of ethnic identity through other-generated cues on perceptions of spokesperson credibility. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Abstract
Self-stigma has a pernicious effect on the lives of people with mental illness. Although a medical perspective might discourage patients from identifying with their illness, public disclosure may promote empowerment and reduce self-stigma. We reviewed the extensive research that supports this assertion and assessed a program that might diminish stigma's effect by helping some people to disclose to colleagues, neighbors, and others their experiences with mental illness, treatment, and recovery. The program encompasses weighing the costs and benefits of disclosure in deciding whether to come out, considering different strategies for coming out, and obtaining peer support through the disclosure process. This type of program may also pose challenges for public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Corrigan
- Illinois Institute of Technology College of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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Rahim-Williams FB, Riley JL, Herrera D, Campbell CM, Hastie BA, Fillingim RB. Ethnic identity predicts experimental pain sensitivity in African Americans and Hispanics. Pain 2007; 129:177-84. [PMID: 17296267 PMCID: PMC1925263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine experimental pain sensitivity in three ethnic groups, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and non-Hispanic White Americans, and to determine whether ethnic identity is differentially associated with pain sensitivity across ethnic groups. Participants included sixty-three African American, sixty-one Hispanic and eighty-two non-Hispanic white participants who were assessed using three experimental pain measures: thermal, cold-pressor and ischemic. Participants' ethnic identity was assessed using the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). Ethnic group differences in pain responses were observed, with African American and Hispanic subjects showing lower cold and heat pain tolerances than non-Hispanic White Americans. In addition, pain range (i.e. tolerance-threshold) was computed for heat, cold and ischemic pain, and the two minority groups again had lower values compared to non-Hispanic White Americans. Ethnic identity was associated with pain range only for African American and Hispanic groups. Statistically controlling for ethnic identity rendered some of the group differences in pain range non-significant. These findings indicate that ethnic identity is associated with pain sensitivity in ethnic minority groups, and may partially mediate group differences in pain perception. The results of the present investigation provide evidence of ethnic group differences in responses to experimental pain across multiple noxious stimuli, with both minority groups exhibiting greater sensitivity to laboratory evoked pain compared to non-Hispanic White Americans.
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Lorenzo-Seva U, ten Berge JMF. Tucker's Congruence Coefficient as a Meaningful Index of Factor Similarity. METHODOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When Tucker's congruence coefficient is used to assess the similarity of factor interpretations, it is desirable to have a critical congruence level less than unity that can be regarded as indicative of identity of the factors. The literature only reports rules of thumb. The present article repeats and broadens the approach used in the study by Haven and ten Berge ( 1977 ). It aims to find a critical congruence level on the basis of judgments of factor similarity by practitioners of factor analysis. Our results suggest that a value in the range .85-.94 corresponds to a fair similarity, while a value higher than .95 implies that the two factors or components compared can be considered equal.
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