1
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Heller DS, Cramer SF, Turner BM. Abnormal Uterine Involution May Lead to Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Hypothesis, With Review of the Evidence. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:429-436. [PMID: 37672676 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231194698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Uterine involution has 2 major components-(1) involution of vessels; and (2) involution of myometrium. Involution of vessels was addressed by Rutherford and Hertig in 1945; however, involution of myometrium has received little attention in the modern literature. We suggest that the pathophysiology of myometrial involution may lead to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. The myometrium dramatically enlarges due to gestational hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myocytes, caused by hormonal influences of the fetal adrenal cortex and the placenta. After delivery, uterine weight drops rapidly, with physiologic involution of myometrium associated with massive destruction of myometrial tissue. The resulting histopathology, supported by scientific evidence, may be termed "postpartum metropathy," and may explain the delay of postpartum menstrual periods until the completion of involution. When uterine atony causes uncontrolled hemorrhage, postpartum hysterectomy examination may be the responsibility of the perinatal pathologist.Postpartum metropathy may be initiated when delivery of the baby terminates exposure to the hormonal influence of the fetal adrenal cortex, and may be accelerated when placental delivery terminates exposure to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). This hypothesis may explain why a prolonged third stage of labor, and delays in management, are risk factors for severe hemorrhage due to uterine atony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra S Heller
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stewart F Cramer
- Department of Pathology, Highland Hospital and Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology, Highland Hospital and Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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2
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Motomura K, Romero R, Galaz J, Miller D, Done B, Arenas-Hernandez M, Garcia-Flores V, Tao L, Tarca AL, Gomez-Lopez N. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Modulates the Transcriptome of the Myometrium and Cervix in Late Gestation. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2246-2260. [PMID: 33650091 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a critical hormone for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. hCG administration prevents the onset of preterm labor in mice; yet, the transcriptomic changes associated with this tocolytic effect that take place in the myometrium and cervix have not been elucidated. Herein, we implemented both discovery and targeted approaches to investigate the transcriptome of the myometrium and cervix after hCG administration. Pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 IU of hCG on 13.0, 15.0, and 17.0 days post coitum, and the myometrium and cervix were collected. RNA sequencing was performed to determine differentially expressed genes, enriched biological processes, and impacted KEGG pathways. Multiplex qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of targeted contractility- and inflammation-associated transcripts. hCG administration caused the differential expression of 720 genes in the myometrium. Among the downregulated genes, enriched biological processes were primarily associated with regulation of transcription. hCG administration downregulated key contractility genes, Gja1 and Oxtr, but upregulated the prostaglandin-related genes Ptgfr and Ptgs2 and altered the expression of inflammation-related genes in the myometrium. In the cervix, hCG administration caused differential expression of 3348 genes that were related to inflammation and host defense, among others. The downregulation of key contractility genes and upregulation of prostaglandin-related genes were also observed in the cervix. Thus, hCG exerts tocolytic and immunomodulatory effects in late gestation by altering biological processes in the myometrium and cervix, which should be taken into account when considering hCG as a potential treatment to prevent the premature onset of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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3
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Mendoza-Cabrera MI, Navarro-Hernández RE, Santerre A, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Pereira-Suárez AL, Estrada-Chávez C. Effect of pregnancy hormone mixtures on cytokine production and surface marker expression in naïve and LPS-activated THP-1 differentiated monocytes/macrophages. Innate Immun 2019; 26:84-96. [PMID: 31364430 PMCID: PMC7016408 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919864658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, maternal monocytes and macrophages acquire a specific phenotype that enables them to maintain immune tolerance and facilitate hormone–immune cell interactions, which are necessary for gestational progression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy hormone mixtures of the first and third trimesters on both resting and activated monocytes and macrophages. Pregnancy hormone levels (cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin) were quantified at the first and third trimesters. The average of the levels obtained was used to prepare two mixtures of synthetic hormones: low and high. These mixtures were then used to stimulate THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, resting or activated with LPS. Cytokine production in the culture supernatants and surface marker expression (CD14, CD86, and CD163) were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. We found that the hormones modulated the pro-inflammatory response of THP-1 cells, LPS-activated monocytes, and macrophages, inducing high levels of IL-10 and low levels of IL-8, IL-1-β, and IL-6. All hormone stimulation increased the CD163 receptor in both resting and LPS-activated monocytes and macrophages in a dose-independent manner, unlike CD14 and CD86. Pregnancy hormones promote the expression of the markers associated with the M2-like phenotype, modulating their pro-inflammatory response. This phenotype regulation by hormones could be a determinant in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y Sistema Músculo-Esquelético, Mexico
| | - Anne Santerre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico
| | - Ciro Estrada-Chávez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico
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4
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Tseng AM, Mahnke AH, Wells AB, Salem NA, Allan AM, Roberts VH, Newman N, Walter NA, Kroenke CD, Grant KA, Akison LK, Moritz KM, Chambers CD, Miranda RC. Maternal circulating miRNAs that predict infant FASD outcomes influence placental maturation. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800252. [PMID: 30833415 PMCID: PMC6399548 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal gestational circulating microRNAs, predictive of adverse infant outcomes, including growth deficits, following prenatal alcohol exposure, contribute to placental pathology by impairing the EMT pathway in trophoblasts. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), like other pregnancy complications, can result in placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, although the linking causal mechanisms are unclear. We previously identified 11 gestationally elevated maternal circulating miRNAs (HEamiRNAs) that predicted infant growth deficits following PAE. Here, we investigated whether these HEamiRNAs contribute to the pathology of PAE, by inhibiting trophoblast epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pathway critical for placental development. We now report for the first time that PAE inhibits expression of placental pro-EMT pathway members in both rodents and primates, and that HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, mediate placental EMT inhibition. HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, also inhibited cell proliferation and the EMT pathway in cultured trophoblasts, while inducing cell stress, and following trophoblast syncytialization, aberrant endocrine maturation. Moreover, a single intravascular administration of the pooled murine-expressed HEamiRNAs, to pregnant mice, decreased placental and fetal growth and inhibited the expression of pro-EMT transcripts in the placenta. Our data suggest that HEamiRNAs collectively interfere with placental development, contributing to the pathology of PAE, and perhaps also, to other causes of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Tseng
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Alan B Wells
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victoria Hj Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Natali Newman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Ar Walter
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D Kroenke
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa K Akison
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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5
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Arianmanesh M, Moosavi S, Ganji H, Ramezanikhah H. Human chorionic gonadotropin in vitro: Effects on rat sperm motility and fertilization outcome. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.241206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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A Research of Pyogenic Granuloma Genesis Factor With Immunohistochemical Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 28:2068-2072. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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7
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Furcron AE, Romero R, Mial TN, Balancio A, Panaitescu B, Hassan SS, Sahi A, Nord C, Gomez-Lopez N. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects at the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Preterm Birth, but Causes Dystocia and Fetal Compromise in Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:136. [PMID: 27146032 PMCID: PMC4946806 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.139345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is implicated in the maintenance of uterine quiescence by down-regulating myometrial gap junctions during pregnancy, and it was considered as a strategy to prevent preterm birth after the occurrence of preterm labor. However, the effect of hCG on innate and adaptive immune cells implicated in parturition is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the immune effects of hCG at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation, and whether this hormone can safely prevent endotoxin-induced preterm birth. Using immunophenotyping, we demonstrated that hCG has immune effects at the maternal-fetal interface (decidual tissues) by: 1) increasing the proportion of regulatory T cells; 2) reducing the proportion of macrophages and neutrophils; 3) inducing an M1 → M2 macrophage polarization; and 4) increasing the proportion of T helper 17 cells. Next, ELISAs were used to determine whether the local immune changes were associated with systemic concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and/or cytokines (IFNgamma, IL1beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC/GRO, and TNFalpha). Plasma concentrations of IL1beta, but not progesterone, estradiol, or any other cytokine, were increased following hCG administration. Pretreatment with hCG prevented endotoxin-induced preterm birth by 44%, proving the effectiveness of this hormone as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, hCG administration alone caused dystocia and fetal compromise, as proven by Doppler ultrasound. These results provide insight into the mechanisms whereby hCG induces an anti-inflammatory microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation, and demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing preterm labor/birth. However, the deleterious effects of this hormone on mothers and fetuses warrant caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Eunice Furcron
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Center for Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tara N Mial
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amapola Balancio
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aashna Sahi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Claire Nord
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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8
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Jitprasertwong P, Charadram N, Kumphune S, Pongcharoen S, Sirisinha S. Female sex hormones modulate Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide-induced Toll-like receptor signaling in primary human monocytes. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:395-406. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Jitprasertwong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - N. Charadram
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - S. Kumphune
- Faculty of Allied Health Science; Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - S. Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB); Faculty of Medical Science; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - S. Sirisinha
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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9
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Zhang N, Wang WS, Li WJ, Liu C, Wang Y, Sun K. Reduction of progesterone, estradiol and hCG secretion by perfluorooctane sulfonate via induction of apoptosis in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:575-80. [PMID: 25748801 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely used as surfactants, lubricants, adhesives, fire retardants and propellants. Animal experiments have shown that PFOS can potentially influence reproductive function. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of PFOS on the endocrine function of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. METHODS Primary human placental cytotrophoblasts were isolated from term placenta. After syncytialization, the levels of aromatase and apoptosis-related proteins including caspase3, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined after treatment with PFOS from 0.0001 μM to 1 μM or PFOS (0.1 μM) in the presence and absence of apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (30 μM) for 24 h. RESULTS PFOS suppressed aromatase level and the secretion of estradiol, hCG and progesterone in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.0001 μM to 1 μM with a significant inhibition at 0.001 μM and above in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Furthermore PFOS reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts as revealed by increases of pro-apoptosis proteins such as Bax and cleaved-caspase3, and decreases of pro-caspase3 and anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. The apoptosis induced by PFOS was further illustrated by increased DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Blocking apoptosis with pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, the impairment of placental endocrine function by PFOS was restored. DISCUSSION These results indicate that PFOS may disrupt the secretion of hCG, progesterone and estradiol by human placental syncytiotrophoblasts via induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - W S Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - W J Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - C Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China.
| | - K Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China.
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10
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Pinto J, Barros AS, Domingues MRM, Goodfellow BJ, Galhano E, Pita C, Almeida MDC, Carreira IM, Gil AM. Following Healthy Pregnancy by NMR Metabolomics of Plasma and Correlation to Urine. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1263-74. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5011982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto
- CICECO−Department
of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António S. Barros
- QOPNA
Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário M. Domingues
- QOPNA
Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Brian J. Goodfellow
- CICECO−Department
of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine−iBiMED, Health Sciences Program, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eulália Galhano
- Maternidade
Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pita
- Maternidade
Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Almeida
- Maternidade
Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Carreira
- Cytogenetics
and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal and CIMAGO Center for Research in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- CICECO−Department
of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Jitprasertwong P, Chaisomboon N, Jamdee K. Progesterone, but not β-estradiol, enhances Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in human THP-1 monocytes. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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12
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Chu CY, Wang CC. Toxicity of melamine: the public health concern. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:342-386. [PMID: 24171438 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.844758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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Abstract
BACKGROUND hCG is a wonder. Firstly, because hCG is such an extreme molecule. hCG is the most acidic glycoprotein containing the highest proportion of sugars. Secondly, hCG exists in 5 common forms. Finally, it has so many functions ranging from control of human pregnancy to human cancer. This review examines these molecules in detail. CONTENT These 5 molecules, hCG, sulfated hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, hCG free beta and hyperglycosylated free beta are produced by placental syncytiotrophoblast cells and pituitary gonadotrope cells (group 1), and by placental cytotrophoblast cells and human malignancies (group 2). Group 1 molecules are both hormones that act on the hCG/LH receptor. These molecules are central to human menstrual cycle and human pregnancy. Group 2 molecules are autocrines, that act by antagonizing a TGF beta receptor. These molecules are critical to all advanced malignancies. CONCLUSIONS The hCG groups are molecules critical to both the molecules of pregnancy or human life, and to the advancement of cancer, or human death.
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Chen JZJ, Sheehan PM, Brennecke SP, Keogh RJ. Vessel remodelling, pregnancy hormones and extravillous trophoblast function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:138-44. [PMID: 22051447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early human pregnancy, extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells from the placenta invade the uterine decidual spiral arterioles and mediate the remodelling of these vessels such that a low pressure, high blood flow can be supplied to the placenta. This is essential to facilitate normal growth and development of the foetus. Defects in remodelling can manifest as the serious pregnancy complication pre-eclampsia. During the period of vessel remodelling three key pregnancy-associated hormones, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), progesterone (P(4)) and oestradiol (E(2)), are found in high concentrations at the maternal-foetal interface. Potentially these hormones may control EVT movement and thus act as regulators of vessel remodelling. This review will discuss what is known about how these hormones affect EVT proliferation, migration and invasion during vascular remodelling and the potential relationship between hCG, P(4), E(2) and the development of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Z-J Chen
- Department of Perinatal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
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15
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Escribese MM, Rodríguez-García M, Sperling R, Engel SM, Gallart T, Moran TM. Alpha-defensins 1-3 release by dendritic cells is reduced by estrogen. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:118. [PMID: 21861873 PMCID: PMC3175176 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy the immune system of the mother must protect any activation that may negatively affect the fetus. Changes in susceptibility to infection as well as resolution of some autoimmune disorders represent empirical evidence for pregnancy related alterations in immunity. Sex hormones reach extremely high levels during pregnancy and have been shown to have direct effects on many immune functions including the antiviral response of dendritic cells. Among the immunologically active proteins secreted by monocyte derived DCs (MDDC) are the alpha-defensins 1-3. This family of cationic antimicrobial peptides has a broad spectrum of microbicidal activity and has also been shown to link innate to adaptive immunity by attracting T cells and immature DCs, which are essential for initiating and polarizing the immune response. METHODS We compare culture-generated monocyte derived DCs (MDDCs) with directly isolated myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and measure their alpha-defensins 1-3 secretion by ELISA both, in basal situations and after hormone (E2 or PG) treatments. Moreover, using a cohort of pregnant women we isolated mDCs from blood and also measure the levels of these anti-microbial peptides along pregnancy. RESULTS We show that mDCs and pDCs constitutively produce alpha-defensins 1-3 and at much higher levels than MDDCs. Alpha-defensins 1-3 production from mDCs and MDDCs but not pDCs is inhibited by E2. PG does not affect alpha-defensins 1-3 in any of the populations. Moreover, alpha-defensins 1-3 production by mDCs was reduced in the later stages of pregnancy in 40% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrate that mDCs and pDCs secrete alpha-defensins 1-3 and present a novel effect of E2 on the secretion of alpha-defensins 1-3 by dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Escribese
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Infections Biology, CIB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-García
- Service of Immunology, Hospital Clinic Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rhoda Sperling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School, of Medicine, New York, NY,USA
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Gallart
- Service of Immunology, Hospital Clinic Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas M Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND hCG is a term referring to 4 independent molecules, each produced by separate cells and each having completely separate functions. These are hCG produced by villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION hCG has numerous functions. hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells; causes uterine growth parallel to fetal growth; suppresses any myometrial contractions during the course of pregnancy; causes growth and differentiation of the umbilical cord; signals the endometrium about forthcoming implantation; acts on receptor in mother's brain causing hyperemesis gravidarum, and seemingly promotes growth of fetal organs during pregnancy. Hyperglycosylated hCG functions to promote growth of cytotrophoblast cells and invasion by these cells, as occurs in implantation of pregnancy, and growth and invasion by choriocarcinoma cells. hCG free beta-subunit is produced by numerous non-trophoblastic malignancies of different primaries. The detection of free beta-subunit in these malignancies is generally considered a sign of poor prognosis. The free beta-subunit blocks apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes the growth and malignancy of the cancer. Pituitary hCG is a sulfated variant of hCG produced at low levels during the menstrual cycle. Pituitary hCG seems to mimic luteinizing hormone actions during the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence A Cole
- USA hCG Reference Service, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Clear cell meningioma presenting as rapidly deteriorating visual field and acuity during pregnancy. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:1502-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Escribese MM, Kraus T, Rhee E, Fernandez-Sesma A, López CB, Moran TM. Estrogen inhibits dendritic cell maturation to RNA viruses. Blood 2008; 112:4574-84. [PMID: 18802009 PMCID: PMC2597128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-148692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in initiating and polarizing the immune response. Therefore, DC maturation represents a key control point in the shift from innate to adaptive immunity. It is suspected that during pregnancy, hormones are critical factors that modulate changes reported to occur in maternal immunity. Here we examined the effect of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) on the maturational response triggered by virus in human DCs and its influence on their ability to activate naive T cells. We developed an in vitro system to measure the response of DCs to virus infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) after a 24-hour E2 treatment. Using this system, we demonstrated that E2 pretreatment down-regulated the antiviral response to RNA viruses in DCs by profoundly suppressing type I interferon (IFN) synthesis and other important inflammatory products. In addition, the DCs capacity to stimulate naive CD4 T cells was also reduced. These results suggest an important role for E2 in suppressing the antiviral response and provide a mechanism for the reduced immunity to virus infection observed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Escribese
- Department of Microbiology, The Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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