Hematological and Clinical Chemistry Changes Induced by Subchronic Dosing of a Novel Phosphorothionate (RPR-V) in Wistar Male and Female Rats

Comparative valuation of the chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity and their hematological and histopathological consequences in pigeons

Globally agrochemicals are widely used in the agricultural sectors, posing potential eco-toxicological risks and disrupting various lifeforms including birds. Thus, the current work was conducted to compare the acute toxic impacts of pesticides (e.g., chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin) on the pigeon's health. In total 50 adult pigeons were purchased from a local market where these pigeons were fed on pollution-free food. Post adaptation period (15 days), the pigeons were arbitrarily separated into five distinct groups after having been identified in this manner by chance (each group containing 10 pigeons). Control group (group 1) was not treated with any pesticide while the remaining groups (groups 2, 3, and 4) were treated with 0.25-mg/kg body weight of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and a mixture of all three pesticides (group 5), respectively. After 36 days of exposure, the groups that had been exposed to the pesticide showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in both the total number of platelets and the number of white blood cells (WBCs), in comparison to the control group. On the other hand, the groups that were exposed to the insecticides had significantly lower levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) (p < 0.05). The value of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in acetamiprid-exposed group, while a significant increase was observed in other pesticide-exposed groups. Obvious histopathological changes were observed in the tissues of control group and no such changes were reported by control group. Necrosis, pyknosis, lymphocyte infiltration, congestion of blood, dissolution of plasma membrane, and vacuolation were observed in the livers of pesticide-treated pigeons. The intestinal study showed the formation of goblet cells, villi rupturing, degeneration of serosa, necrosis, and pyknosis in treated groups. Renal alterations, dilation of renal tubules, reduction of glomerulus tissue, and edema were observed. This study manifests that the uncontrolled use of pesticides impairs ecosystems and poses a substantial health risk to wildlife and ultimately to human.

Clinico-hematological and tissue changes induced by butachlor in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

The present experiment was executed to determine the pathological effects induced by concurrent feeding of butachlor (chloroacetanilide herbicide) in male Japanese quail. For this purpose mature male quail about 4-5weeks of age were procured from the local market and randomly divided into six equal groups (A-F). Butachlor was mixed in corn oil and administered orally for 30days using crop tube. Four birds from each group were killed at day 10, 20 and 30 of the experiment and blood was collected with and without anticoagulant. The birds in groups (A-D) did not reveal any clinical and behavioral alterations. Clinical signs like watery droppings, dullness, ruffled feather, depression, decrease frequency of crowing, mounting with pen mates and foam production were observed. Maximum intensity of these clinical signs and behavioral alterations were observed in group F throughout the experiment. Significant lower values of erythrocytes, hematocrit percent and hemoglobin were recorded. Significantly increased numbers of erythrocytes with micronuclei, lobed and notched nuclei were observed. Histopathologically, enlarged intertubular space, fewer numbers of round spermatids, necrotic spermatids and admixture of dead spermatids were observed in testes. The results revealed significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and urea concentrations. The results of present experimental study indicated that butachlor induces hematobiochemical and testicular changes in birds.