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Motamedzadeh A, Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Heydari H, Behnam M, Rashidi Noshabad FZ, Tamtaji Z, Taheri AT, Nabavizadeh F, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Therapeutic potential of Phycocyanin in gastrointestinal cancers and related disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:741. [PMID: 38874869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is the most fatal cancer worldwide. The etiology of gastrointestinal cancer has yet to be fully characterized. Alcohol consumption, obesity, tobacco, Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric ulcer, colon polyps and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are among the several risks factors for gastrointestinal cancers. Phycocyanin which is abundant in Spirulina. Phycocyanin, a member of phycobiliprotein family with intense blue color, is an anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. Evidence exists supporting that phycocyanin has antitumor effects, exerting its pharmacological effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, i.e., apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Phycocyanin has also been applied in treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders such as, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis and fatty liver that is known as a risk factor for progression to cancer. Herein, we summarize various cellular and molecular pathways that are affected by phycocyanin, its efficacy upon combined drug treatment, and the potential for nanotechnology in its gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati-Dehkordi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoora Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behnam
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Tamtaji
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Phycocyanin Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and the IL-17 Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040260. [PMID: 35447933 PMCID: PMC9030732 DOI: 10.3390/md20040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a pigment-protein complex. It has been reported that PC exerts anti-colorectal cancer activities, although the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice were orally administrated with PC, followed by microbiota and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the effects of PC on colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Our results indicated that PC ameliorated AOM/DSS induced inflammation. PC treatment significantly reduced the number of colorectal tumors and inhibited proliferation of epithelial cell in CAC mice. Moreover, PC reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota at phylum level. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the intestinal barrier were altered upon PC administration, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the IL-17 signaling pathway was affected by PC treatment. The study demonstrated the protective therapeutic action of PC on CAC.
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Silva MROBD, M. da Silva G, Silva ALFD, Lima LRAD, Bezerra RP, Marques DDAV. Bioactive Compounds of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) with Potential Anticancer Activities: A Systematic Review. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2057-2067. [PMID: 34597512 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira, a genus of blue-green cyanobacteria, is known for its great biological activity due to the presence of a large number of substances that are potentially active against tumor cells. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Arthrospira spp. for the treatment or reduction of several types of cancer, in addition to elucidating the mechanism of action by which their compounds act on tumor cells. A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases, including original studies from 2009 to 2020. A total of 1306 articles were independently assessed according to the eligibility criteria, of which 20 articles were selected and assessed for the risk of bias using seven criteria developed by the authors. Arthrospira spp. of cyanobacteria have been evaluated against eight different types of cancer, mainly colon cancer. Among all the compounds, phycocyanin was the most used, followed by peptides and photosensitizers. In general, compounds from Arthrospira spp. act as anticancer agents by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, triggering cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis via different signaling pathways. In addition, these compounds also exhibited antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Phycocyanin demonstrated better efficacy against several types of cancer via different activities and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it was the only molecule that functioned in synergy with other drugs that are already well established for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaele O. B. da Silva
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gisele M. da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Amannda L. F. da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiza R. A. de Lima
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P. Bezerra
- Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de A. V. Marques
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
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4
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Abdullah MA, Hussein HA. Integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery as a model system for bioenergy co-generation with bioproducts and biopharmaceuticals. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:40. [PMID: 38650258 PMCID: PMC10992906 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a greater call for greener and eco-friendly processes and bioproducts to meet the 2030's core agenda on 17 global sustainable development goals. The challenge lies in incorporating systems thinking with a comprehensive worldview as a guiding principle to develop the economy, whilst taking cognisance of the need to safeguard the environment, and to embrace the socio-cultural diversity dimension as an equal component. Any discussion on climate change, destruction of eco-system and habitat for wildlife, poverty and starvation, and the spread of infectious diseases, must be addressed together with the emphasis on the development of cleaner energy, air and water, better management of resources and biodiversity, improved agro-practices for food production and distribution, and affordable health care, as the outcomes and key performance indicators to be evaluated. Strict regulation, monitoring and enforcement to minimize emission, pollution and wastage must also be put in place. CONCLUSION This review article focuses on the research and development efforts to achieve sustainable bioenergy production, environmental remediation, and transformation of agro-materials into value-added bioproducts through the integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery. Recent development in microalgal research with nanotechnology as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents and for biopharmaceutical applications are discussed. The life-cycle analysis in the context of palm oil mill processes is evaluated. The way forward from this integrated biorefinery concept is to strive for inclusive development strategies, and to address the immediate and pressing problems facing the Planet and the People, whilst still reaping the Profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Djulis ( Chenopodium Formosanum) Prevents Colon Carcinogenesis via Regulating Antioxidative and Apoptotic Pathways in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092168. [PMID: 31509964 PMCID: PMC6769785 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a cereal crop rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber that may have nutraceutical activity to prevent colon cancer. This study was designed to examine the preventive effect of djulis on colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Rats were fed different AIN-93G-based diets: groups N and DMH were fed AIN-93G diet and groups LD, MD, and HD were fed AIN-93G diet containing 5, 10, and 20% djulis, respectively. All rats except for group N were injected with DMH to induce colon carcinogenesis. After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and colon and liver tissues were collected for analysis. The results showed that djulis-treated rats had significantly lower numbers of colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing (SIM)-ACF, and mucin-depleted foci. Djulis treatment increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in colon and liver. Djulis also reduced p53, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions and increased Bax and caspase-9 expressions. Besides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found rich in djulis. These results demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of djulis on carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis via regulating antioxidative and apoptotic pathways in rats. Djulis may have the potential to be developed as a valuable cereal product for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
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Chemopreventive action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene induced lung carcinogenesis in BALB/C mice: Expression of COX-1, COX-2 and Nf-κB. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Yin Q, Liu G, Liu H, Huang Y, Li B. Phycocyanin: A Potential Drug for Cancer Treatment. J Cancer 2017; 8:3416-3429. [PMID: 29151925 PMCID: PMC5687155 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin isolated from marine organisms has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity, and it can be used as a functional food. It has been reported that phycocyanin has anti-oxidative function, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer function, immune enhancement function, liver and kidney protection pharmacological effects. Thus, phycocyanin has an important development and utilization as a potential drug, and phycocyanin has become a new hot spot in the field of drug research. So far, there are more and more studies have shown that phycocyanin has the anti-cancer effect, which can block the proliferation of cancer cells and kill cancer cells. Phycocyanin exerts anti-cancer activity by blocking tumor cell cell cycle, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, thereby phycocyanin can serve as a promising anti-cancer agent. This review discusses the therapeutic use of phycocyanin and focuses on the latest advances of phycocyanin as a promising anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqian Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Qifeng Yin
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yajing Huang
- Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
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Li P, Ying J, Chang Q, Zhu W, Yang G, Xu T, Yi H, Pan R, Zhang E, Zeng X, Yan C, Bao Q, Li S. Effects of phycoerythrin from Gracilaria lemaneiformis in proliferation and apoptosis of SW480 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3536-3544. [PMID: 27748904 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied phycoerythrin (PE) in human SW480 tumor cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. PE inhibited cell proliferation as evidenced by CCK-8 assay. The IC50 values of phycoerythrin were 48.2 and 27.4 µg/ml for 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. PE induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in SW480 cells as observed under electron microscopy and with flow cytometry. Apoptosis increased from 5.1 (controls) to 39.0% in 80.0 µg/ml PE-treated cells. Differences in protein expression were identified using proteomic techniques. Protein spots (1018±60 and 1010±60) were resolved in PE-treated and untreated group. Forty differential protein spots were analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS, including GRP78 and NPM1. The expression as measured by qPCR and western blotting agreed with data from two-dimensional electrophoresis. GRP78, NPM1, MTHSP75, Ezrin and Annexin A2 were decreased and HSP60 was increased after PE treatment, indicating that PE may target multiple proteins to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ying
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Chang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Teng Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Huiguang Yi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Ruowang Pan
- 118 Hospital of PLA, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Enyong Zhang
- 118 Hospital of PLA, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
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DONG YANRU, BAO CUIFEN, YU JINGWEI, LIU XIA. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mediated programmed cell necrosis in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:728-36. [PMID: 27220678 PMCID: PMC4918559 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) were investigated following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham operation group, model group and inhibitor group. The model group and inhibitor group were further divided into 4 subgroups of 6, 12, 24 and 72 h following CIRI. Using right middle cerebral artery embolization, the CIRI model was generated. To confirm that the CIRI model was established, neurological scores, TTC staining and brain water content measurements were conducted. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were conducted to investigate the expression of TNFR1 and RIP3 in the cerebral cortex. It was observed that nerve cell necrosis occurred following 6 h of CIRI. The appearance of necrotic cells was gradually increased with increasing CIRI duration. TNFR1 and RIP3 were positively expressed following 6 h of CIRI. With increasing durations of CIRI, the protein expression levels of TNFR1 and RIP3 were significantly increased. Pre‑administration with Z-VAD-FMK (zVAD) significantly increased the protein level of RIP3, however, had no effect on the levels of TNFR1, and was accompanied by a reduction in necrosis. In conclusion, RIP3‑mediated cell necrosis was enhanced by caspase blockade zVAD and the function of zVAD was independent of TNFR1 signaling following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- YANRU DONG
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - CUIFEN BAO
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and New Drug Development, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - JINGWEI YU
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - XIA LIU
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Medical Application of Spirulina platensis Derived C-Phycocyanin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7803846. [PMID: 27293463 PMCID: PMC4879233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7803846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of marine biological pharmaceutical research, high-effective and low-toxic drugs and functional foods isolated from marine organisms have become a new field of pharmacy and bromatology. The pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, immunological enhancement, and hepatorenal protection of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis, have been reported, and C-PC has important value of development and utilization either as drug or as functional food. There are many researches about the various pharmacological actions and mechanisms of C-PC, but related reports are only to some extent integrated deeply and accurately enough, which put some limitations to the further application of C-PC in medicine. Particularly, with the improvement of living standards and attention to health issues, C-PC being a functional food is preferred by more and more people. C-PC is easy to get, safe, and nontoxic; thus, it has a great potential of research and development as a drug or functional food. Here, the separation and purification, physicochemical properties, physiological and pharmacological activities, safety, and some applications are reviewed to provide relevant basis for the development of natural medicine and applied products.
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Álvarez-González I, Islas-Islas V, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Barrios JP, Paniagua N, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Villa-Treviño S, Osiris-Madrigal-Santillán, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Inhibitory Effect of Spirulina maxima on the Azoxymethane-induced Aberrant Colon Crypts and Oxidative Damage in Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S619-24. [PMID: 27013804 PMCID: PMC4787098 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirulina maxima (Sm) is a cyanobacterium well known because of its high nutritive value, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-genotoxic activities. OBJECTIVE To determine the capacity of Sm to inhibit the induction of aberrant colon crypts (AC), as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage in mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sm (100, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was daily administered to animals by the oral route during 4 weeks, while AOM (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice twice in weeks 2 and 3 of the assay. We also included a control group of mice orally administered with distilled water along the assay, as well as other group orally administered with the high dose of Sm. RESULTS A significant decrease in the number of AC with the three tested doses of Sm, with a mean protection of 51.6% respect to the damage induced by AOM. Also, with the three doses of the alga, we found a reduction in the level of lipoperoxidation, as well as in regard to the percentage of the DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine. CONCLUSION Sm possesses anti-precarcinogenic potential in vivo, as well as capacity to reduce the oxidative damage induced by AOM. SUMMARY Azoxymethane (AOM) induced a high number of colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also increased the level of peroxidation and of DNA oxidation in the same organ.Spirulina maxima significantly reduced the number of AOM-induced colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also reduced the AOM-induced lipid and DNA oxidation in mouse.The results suggest a chemopreventive potential for the tested algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Álvarez-González
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Víctor Islas-Islas
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Department of Pharmacy, Preclinical Toxicology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Juan Pablo Barrios
- Department of Pharmacy, Preclinical Toxicology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Norma Paniagua
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F. 07360, México
- Cathedra-CONACYT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca, Av. Universidad s/n, Exhacienda de Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, 68120, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F. 07360, México
| | - Osiris-Madrigal-Santillán
- Department of Conservation Medicine, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, D. F. 11340, México
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Department of Conservation Medicine, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, D. F. 11340, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
- Correspondence: Dr. Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Genetics Laboratory, Department of Morphology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D.F. 07738, México E-mail:
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Talero E, García-Mauriño S, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Alcaide A, Motilva V. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6152-209. [PMID: 26437418 PMCID: PMC4626684 DOI: 10.3390/md13106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcaide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
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Pan R, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhu W, Yang R, Zhang E, Ying J, Xu T, Yi H, Li J, Shi M, Zhou L, Xu Z, Li P, Bao Q. Spirulina phycocyanin induces differential protein expression and apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:951-9. [PMID: 26410814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of phycocyanin (PC) on Human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The inhibitory effects of PC on the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay. The IC50 values of PC were 182.0μM and 133.6μM for 24h and 48h exposure, respectively. PC induced apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells was observed by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The apoptosis rate was increased from 1.6% to 19.8% after PC exposure. The fluorescence intensity of ROS and the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 were increased. Differentiated expression protein spots were selected and identified using proteomic techniques. There were 698±73 and 683±79 protein spots resolved in untreated and PC-treated cells, respectively. Forty five differential protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, including mtSSB, PSME3, and nucleolin. The mRNA expression profiles determined by RT-PCR were consistent with that of the two-dimensional electrophoresis. The decreased proteins such as HSP60, nucleolin, PPase, peroxiredoxin-4 and the increased protein (mtSSB) were identified in SKOV-3 cells after PC treatment, indicating that the effects of PC on tumor cell apoptosis may be relate to multiple target proteins. And the mitochondrial pathway may be the main pathway for PC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongmao Lu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | - Jun Ying
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Teng Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huiguang Yi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zuyuan Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qiyu Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Saini MK, Sanyal SN. Cell Cycle Regulation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis: Intervening with Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:620-36. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1015743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Chen WTL, Yang TS, Chen HC, Chen HH, Chiang HC, Lin TC, Yeh CH, Ke TW, Chen JS, Hsiao KH, Kuo ML. Effectiveness of a novel herbal agent MB-6 as a potential adjunct to 5-fluoracil–based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Nutr Res 2014; 34:585-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Piroxicam and c-phycocyanin prevent colon carcinogenesis by inhibition of membrane fluidity and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling while up-regulating ligand dependent transcription factor PPARγ. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:537-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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17
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Saini MK, Sanyal SN. Targeting angiogenic pathway for chemoprevention of experimental colon cancer using C-phycocyanin as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:206-18. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An angiogenic pathway was studied that involved stromal tissue degradation with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vesicular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediated growth regulation in a complex interaction with chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). Gene and protein expression was studied with real-time PCR, Western immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. Morphological and histopathological analysis of tumor was done, as also the activity of MMPs and HIF-1α by gelatin zymography and ELISA. Binding interactions of proteins were studied by molecular docking. Piroxicam, a traditional NSAID and C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis, were utilized in the chemoprevention of DMH-induced rat colon cancer. A significant number of tumors was evident in DMH treated animals, while with piroxicam and C-phycocyanin, the number and size of tumors/lesions were reduced. Colonic tissues showed severe dysplasia, tubular adenoma, and adenocarcinoma from DMH, with invasive features along with signet ring cell carcinoma. No occurrence of carcinoma was detected in either of the drug treatments or in a combination regimen. An elevated VEGF-A, MMP-2, and MMP-9 level was observed, which is required for metastasis and invasion into surrounding tissues. Drugs induced chemoprevention by down-regulating these proteins. Piroxicam docked in VEGF-A binding site of VEGF-A receptors i.e., VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, while phycocyanobilin (a chromophore of C-phycocyanin) docked with VEGFR1 alone. HIF-1α is up-regulated which is associated with increased oxygen demand and angiogenesis. MCP-1 and MIP-1β expression was also found altered in DMH and regulated by the drugs. Anti-angiogenic role of piroxicam and C-phycocyanin is well demonstrated.
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Fernández-Rojas B, Medina-Campos ON, Hernández-Pando R, Negrette-Guzmán M, Huerta-Yepez S, Pedraza-Chaverri J. C-Phycocyanin prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress. Food Funct 2014; 5:480-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antioxidant C-phycocyanin (C-PC, 5–30 mg kg−1 i.p.) was able to prevent cisplatin (CP, 18 mg kg−1 i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán
- México D.F. 14000, Mexico
| | - Mario Negrette-Guzmán
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Química, UNAM
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez
- México D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Química, UNAM
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Zhu D, Wang AY, Jin Z. Effect of sodium butyrate on DMH-induced small intestinal and large intestinal tumors in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1184-1190. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i14.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) can induce small intestinal tumors in rats and to examine the effect of sodium butyrate on DMH-induced small intestinal and large intestinal tumors.
METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: DMH group, DMH + NaBt group, NaBt group, and control group. After 30-32 weeks, rats were euthanized with an overdose of intravenous pentobarbital (200 mg/kg). After laparotomy, the small intestine and large intestine were dissected. The location, number, shape and size of intestinal tumors were examined and recorded. All tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe histological changes.
RESULTS: The mortality rate of rats was 60.00% (18/30) in the DMH group and 48.00% (12/25) in the DMH + NaBt group. The intestinal tumor incidence was 66. 67% (8/12) in the DMH group with four small intestinal tumors and twelve large intestinal tumors observed. Four rats beared a single tumor while other four rats had multiple tumors. The mean number of beared tumors was 1.33. The intestinal tumor incidence was 84.62% (11/13) in the DMH + NaBt group with three small intestinal tumors and sixty large intestinal tumors observed. Six rats beared a single tumor while other five rats had multiple tumors. The mean number of beared tumors was 1.46. There were no significant differences in tumor incidence and mean tumor number between te DMH + NaBt group and DMH group. The large intestinal tumor incidence was significantly higher than the small intestinal tumor incidence in both the DMH group and DMH + NaBt group (75.00% vs 25.00%, P < 0.05; 84.21% vs 15.79%, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in average tumor volume (37.50% vs 73.68%, P < 0.05) and tumor infiltration depth (43.75% vs 10.53%, P < 0.05) between the DMH group and DMH + NaBt group.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that small intestinal tumors can also be induced by DMH. Sodium butyrate can increase tumor malignancy by increasing tumor volume and infiltration depth.
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