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Artman JL, Wesolowski LT, Semanchik PL, Isles JK, Norton SA, White-Springer SH. Local and systemic responses to repeated gluteal muscle microbiopsies in mature sedentary horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 136:105070. [PMID: 38642813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that repeated muscle collections would impact mitochondrial function, antioxidant status, and markers of inflammation and muscle damage. Twenty-six horses (8 geldings, 18 mares; mean ± SD 9.5 ± 3.5 y) had gluteus medius muscle biopsy samples collected at: 0 and 24h (n=7); 0 and 6h (n = 6); 0, 6, and 12h (n=7); or 0, 6, 12, and 24h (n=6). Blood was collected from all horses every 6h for 72h, starting 24h prior to the 0h muscle collection. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models. Muscle integrative (per mg tissue) electron transfer capacity of complex II decreased (P=0.004) and intrinsic (relative to citrate synthase (CS) activity) LEAK increased (P<0.03) from 0 to 6h but both returned to 0h levels by 12h. Activity of CS was greater at 0 than 12 and 24h (P≤0.02). Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was similar from -24 through 0h but increased in all horses at 6h and remained elevated through 48h (P<0.05) though not above reference ranges. Whole blood superoxide dismutase activity fluctuated throughout the 72-h collection period (P=0.03) and serum cortisol concentration displayed a circadian pattern (P<0.0001) but neither were altered by muscle collections. No other variable, including muscle mitochondrial capacities and function, blood and muscle antioxidant status and concentrations of select cytokines, and serum amyloid A, differed by time or muscle collection. Repeated gluteal collections had limited short-term or no effect on physiological markers in unstressed, mature horses except serum CK activity, which should be interpreted with caution during repeated tissue collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Artman
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren T Wesolowski
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Pier L Semanchik
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - JadaLea K Isles
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Sarah H White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, 2929 Research Pkwy College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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2
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Jung DJS, Kim DH, Beak SH, Cho IG, Hong SJ, Lee J, Lee JO, Kim HJ, Malekkhahi M, Baik M. Effects of vitamin E and selenium administration on transportation stress in pregnant dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9576-9586. [PMID: 37678766 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of road transportation and administration of the vitamin E and selenium (ESe) on circulating cortisol, haptoglobin, blood metabolites, oxidative biomarkers, white blood cell profiles, and behaviors in pregnant dairy heifers. Forty pregnant Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: no transportation and no ESe administration, no transportation and ESe administration, transportation and no administration, and transportation and ESe administration. The ESe (70 IU/kg dry matter feed of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate and 0.3 mg/kg dry matter feed of sodium selenite) was orally delivered once a day from 7 d before transportation to 3 d after transportation. The heifers were transported in trucks designed for cattle transportation. Blood was collected 1 h before transportation, immediately after transportation (IAT), and at 6, 24, and 48 h after transportation. Behaviors were recorded using a video camera for 2 consecutive days after transportation. Transported/non-ESe-administered heifers had greater cortisol at IAT, haptoglobin at 6 and 24 h after transportation, total oxidative status at 6 h after transportation, and nonesterified fatty acid levels, white blood cell numbers, and neutrophil percentages at IAT and 6 h after transportation in the blood than nontransported heifers. Transported/non-ESe-administered heifers had lower total antioxidative status levels at 48 h after transportation and lymphocyte percentages at IAT and 6 h after transportation than nontransported heifers. Lying time was shorter in transported heifers than nontransported/non-ESe-administered heifers. Transported/ESe-administered heifers had lower cortisol, total oxidative status, nonesterified fatty acid levels at IAT, and haptoglobin concentrations at 6 and 24 h after transportation than transported/non-ESe-administered heifers. Transported/ESe-administered heifers had greater total antioxidative status levels at 48 h after transportation than transported/non-ESe-administered heifers. No ESe administration effects were observed for white blood cell number and neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages and lying time. In conclusion, road transportation caused temporary oxidative stress. Administrating ESe partially alleviated the stress, suggesting that ESe administration could be a viable strategy to reduce stress in transported pregnant heifers, providing a novel role of vitamin E and selenium for improving animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J S Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - I G Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - J O Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Malekkhahi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - M Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Moriconi M, Pagliasso G, Fusi F, Vitale N, Guardone L, Vevey M, Dondo A, Razzuoli E, Bergagna S. Is the Introduction into a New Environment Stressful for Young Bulls? Vet Sci 2023; 10:545. [PMID: 37756067 PMCID: PMC10535078 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several events in an animal's life are considered stressful. Among them, the most studied and significant are transportation, weaning, and adaptation to climate change. Moreover, other events, such as the separation from the dam, moving from the original farm to another, management practices, such as regrouping with other animals, and new hierarchical conditions, represent routine conditions in the bovine's life, which can influence the animal's homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in blood parameters of 45 calves introduced into a new environment from their original farms. Blood samples were collected upon arrival at a genetic center (T1), 7 (T2), 30 (T3), and 120 (T4) days after arrival. Blood count, protein electrophoresis, clinical chemistry, and innate immunity parameters were performed on the samples. Significant alterations in some clinical chemistry parameters were related to liver function in the serum protein and the values of IL-6 and TNF-α; the main cytokines mediating the stress response emerged from the results. The evidence indicates the mild response to adaptation stress by calves raised in close association with people after their introduction into a new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moriconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Giulia Pagliasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Ciriè, Chivasso, e Ivrea, Via Cavour 29, 10073 Ciriè, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (CReNBA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Lisa Guardone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Mario Vevey
- Associazione Nazionale Bovini di Razza Valdostana, Fraz. Favret, 5, 11020 Gressan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna148, 10154 Torino, Italy (L.G.)
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AMYLOIDOSIS IN CAPTIVE EUROPEAN EASTERN BONGO ( TRAGELAPHUS EURYCERUS ISAACI): PREVALENCE, PREDICTIVE FACTORS, ORGAN PREDILECTION, AND SERUM AMYLOID A CONCENTRATIONS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:696-704. [PMID: 36640071 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is frequently identified during postmortem examination of captive eastern bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) in the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP). However, its significance and etiopathogenesis are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of amyloidosis within this population and identify potential predictive factors for the presence of disease. Postmortem reports obtained from 24 EEP institutions were analyzed and assessed for evidence of amyloidosis. Seventy-two individuals had histopathological assessment performed after gross postmortem examination and were included in the study. Further histopathological analysis was performed on Congo red-stained slides from 26 individuals, and organ predilection sites were identified. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in six individuals to identify the type of amyloid present. Serum amyloid A (SAA) analysis was performed on blood samples from 34 individuals, and concentrations in affected and unaffected individuals were compared. Amyloidosis was reported in 26 animals (36%). The association between the presence of amyloidosis and sex, age, or body condition was not statistically significant. However, amyloidosis was not identified in any individuals under the age of 6 yr. The presence of chronic inflammatory conditions was the only statistically significant predictive factor for the presence of amyloidosis (P = 0.03). Chronic inflammatory conditions present included nephritis, enteritis, and pneumonia. The majority of affected animals presented with amyloid deposition in multiple organs, with the liver and kidneys being most commonly affected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of AA amyloid. The association between the presence of amyloidosis and SAA values measured on a single occasion was not statistically significant. This study identified a high prevalence of amyloidosis within the captive European eastern bongo population associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Antemortem diagnosis of amyloidosis remains challenging, and this study indicates that SAA protein concentrations are not a reliable indicator for the presence of amyloidosis.
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Razzaghi A, Ghaffari MH, Rico DE. The impact of environmental and nutritional stresses on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 83:106784. [PMID: 36586193 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress reduces milk and milk components synthesis and increases maintenance requirements of cows. The major stress-related alterations involve enhanced secretion of glucocorticoids and increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which results in biochemical and physiologic changes. In dairy cows exposed to social (ie housing conditions, overstocking, regrouping, feed delivery), physiological (ie initiation of lactation and parturition), or physical (ie heat or cold stress) stressors, responses involve alterations in energy balance and nutrient partitioning. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat largely depends on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis from the diet, ruminal fermentation or adipose tissue stores, all of which can be altered under stress conditions. Indeed, milk fat concentration is particularly responsive to diet and environment modifications, where a wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat output. Milk fat synthesis is an energy demanding process, and extremely sensitive to stress factors during lactation and the involvement of multiple organs. Recent studies examining social, physical, and physiological stressors have provided important insights into how differences in milk yield and milk components may be associated with biological responses to stress factors in dairy cows. This review focuses primarily on the role of stress sources and indicators to which the dairy cow is exposed in regulating milk fat synthesis. We will review the role of nutritional and non-nutritional factors on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razzaghi
- Innovation Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada, G0A 1S0
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Hiltz R, Steelreath M, Degenshein-Woods M, Hung H, Aguilar A, Nielsen H, Rezamand P, Laarman A. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM I-1079) on feed intake, blood parameters, and production during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:187-201. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Mahmoud AE, Fathy A, Ahmed EA, Ali AO, Abdelaal AM, El-Maghraby MM. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of clinical and subclinical bovine respiratory disease in Holstein calves. Vet World 2022; 15:1932-1942. [PMID: 36313833 PMCID: PMC9615492 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1932-1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of death in calves, and early BRD diagnosis saves lives. This study aimed to diagnose clinical and subclinical BRD in calves by assessing some biochemical alterations and ultrasonography (USG). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Holstein dairy calves in Al-Sharqiyah Province, Egypt, were used in the study. They were divided into three groups. The first control group consisted of 10 clinically healthy calves. The second group consisted of 34 calves suffering from clinical lower respiratory tract disorders. The third group consisted of 10 subclinical BRD-affected calves. Ultrasonographic examinations of chest and thoracic ultrasound scoring were performed once per 2 weeks for each calf. Blood samples were collected for serum separation to measure albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), ALB, globulin, and haptoglobin (HP). Results: The USG revealed small consolidation areas within an aerated lung lobe, a hypoechoic parenchyma of the entire distal lung lobe, and a hypoechoic-circumscribed structure surrounded by an echogenic wall appeared within the lung tissue in calves that suffered from lobular pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, and lung abscess, respectively. However, subclinical cases showed a small consolidation area in the cranial aspects of the right cranial lung lobe. The ultrasound lung score (ULS) was greater in clinical than in subclinical cases. The BRD-affected calves recorded significant increases in serum TP, globulin, and HP. Meanwhile, serum ALB decreased significantly. Conclusion: Thoracic ultrasound had a reliable tool in the BRD diagnosis, especially in the early prediction of subclinical cases in newborn calves. In addition, the ULS appeared to be a better classifier than the clinical respiratory score (CRS) for BRD diagnosis. On the other side, it was found that regression models were very useful in assessing the prediction of biochemical blood parameters based on the ULS and CRS in diseased cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fathy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Biostatistics Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelhakim Ahmed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa O. Ali
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. El-Maghraby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Fasulkov I, Karadaev M, Zapryanova D, Mircheva T, Vasilev N, Ceciliani F. Comparative study on plasma fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum period in Bulgarian native goats. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin during the pregnancy and postpartum period in goats. The experiment was carried out with six clinically healthy Bulgarian native goats, aged 4-6 years, weighing 49-56 kg, reared at the Biobase of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Stara Zagora. Blood samples for assay of plasma concentrations of the studied acute-phase proteins during pregnancy were collected over 7-day intervals, from the 14th to the 147th day of pregnancy. During the postpartum period, samples were obtained at 3-day intervals between the 1st and 15th postpartum day, as well as once on the 20th and 30th day after the parturition. The results indicated that throughout the first trimester of the pregnancy, the highest average plasma fibrinogen values were established on the 14th day, while significantly lower values (P<0.05) were measured on the 21st day. At this period, the values of plasma ceruloplasmin were the lowest on the 28th day and significantly higher (P<0.01) at the end of the first pregnancy trimester. During the second trimester of the pregnancy there was a clear tendency towards a decrease in the levels of the examined acute phase proteins. At the last pregnancy trimester, an increase in the levels of both acute phase proteins was observed. During the postpartum period there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen on the 20th day, compared to the first postpartum day. The established average values of the examined acute phase proteins could be used for comparison purposes in cases of pathological conditions during the pregnancy and post partum period of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Fasulkov
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Karadaev
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - D. Zapryanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - T. Mircheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - N. Vasilev
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - F. Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
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9
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McCarty KJ, Tipton JE, Ricks RE, Danielo J, Thompson JS, Block E, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of post-weaning supplementation of immunomodulatory feed ingredient on circulating cytokines and microbial populations in programmed fed beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6468901. [PMID: 34919676 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of an immunomodulatory feed ingredient following weaning on cytokine expression and fecal microbial populations of heifers. Commercial Angus heifers (n = 72) were weaned (227 ± 7 d of age), blocked by BW (n = 9 blocks) and randomly assigned to one of 2 pens per block. Pens within weight block (4 heifers/pen) were then randomly assigned to treatments. Heifers were fed twice daily from d 0-60 (to gain 0.75kg/day) and top-dressed with either 18g/heifer/d of the immunomodulatory feed ingredient (Celmanax; Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Princeton, NJ, USA; CEL) or corn-germ meal (CON). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and fecal grab samples on d 0 of the feeding trial. After d 60, two heifers per pen (n=32) were randomly selected for a transportation challenge. Serum samples were collected at h 0, 4, 8, 12 and fecal grab samples at h -24, 0, 24 and 7d post-challenge. Blood samples were analyzed for interferonγ (IFNγ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and haptoglobin (HP) using commercially available ELISA kits and qRT-PCR for genes of interest associated with cytokine expression. Fecal samples were enumerated for Clostridia and E. coli using selective media (≤ 5 isolates from each media/sample), tested to determine if they were C. perfringens or pathogenic E. coli, and then enriched for detection of Salmonella. Data was analyzed via ANOVA. During the feeding trial, HP was reduced (P = 0.018) in CEL compared to CON at d 15, 45, and 60, while IFNγ and IL-8 did not differ (P > 0.080) between treatments. All cytokines were decreased (P < 0.001) in CEL compared to CON during the challenge. During the feeding trial, HP mRNA was increased (P = 0.045) in CEL compared to CON at d 30 and 60. Similarly, IFNγ mRNA was increased (P = 0.040) in CEL compared to CON, however, other genes of interest did not differ (P > 0.172). Both C. perfringens and total E. coli counts were decreased (P = 0.036) in CEL compared to CON at 24h after the start of the transportation challenge. Clostridia and pathogenic E. coli counts did not differ (P = 0.941) between treatments. Total Clostridia and E. coli counts were increased (P < 0.014) 24h post-challenge. All microbial populations, except pathogenic E. coli, observed decreased (P ≤ 0.009) counts from 24h to 7d post-challenge. Overall, Celmanax supplementation decreased circulating cytokines, and altered microbial populations and gene expression, thus, may serve a role in preparing animals to better cope with immunological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keelee J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jessie E Tipton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Ralph E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jessica Danielo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jesse S Thompson
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ, United Sates of America
| | - Elliot Block
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ, United Sates of America
| | - S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
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10
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Effects of Temperament on the Reproduction of Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113325. [PMID: 34828056 PMCID: PMC8614566 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In beef cattle and other livestock species, temperament can be considered as their behavioral responses to human interaction. Temperament evaluation allows classifying cattle according to the level of responsiveness, from calm to excitable. Consistently across studies, beef females classified as more excitable have signs of increased stress response and are less fertile compared to cohorts with calmer temperament. Cattle temperament can be improved via genetic selection and acclimating young animals to human interaction and handling procedures. Abstract Temperament is often defined as the behavioral expression of animals in response to human interaction. Cattle temperament can be evaluated using an association of chute score and exit velocity, with cattle then classified as adequate or excitable temperament. To assess the impacts of temperament on various beef systems, these evaluation criteria were associated with productive and reproductive parameters of Bos taurus and B. indicus-influenced cattle. Consistently across studies, excitable cattle had greater plasma cortisol compared to animals with adequate temperament. Studies also reported that excitable beef females have poorer reproductive performance compared to calmer cohorts, including reduced annual pregnancy rates, decreased calving rate, weaning rate, and kg of calf weaned/cow exposed to breeding. Acclimating B. indicus × B. taurus or B. taurus heifers to human handling improved behavioral expression of temperament and hastened puberty attainment. However, similar benefits were not observed when mature cows were acclimated to human handling. Collectively, temperament of beef females measured via behavioral responses upon human handling impacts their reproductive and productive responses independent of breed type, and should be considered for optimal beef cattle production.
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11
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García-Torres S, Cabeza de Vaca M, Tejerina D, Romero-Fernández MP, Ortiz A, Franco D, Sentandreu MA, Oliván M. Assessment of Stress by Serum Biomarkers in Calves and Their Relationship to Ultimate pH as an Indicator of Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082291. [PMID: 34438748 PMCID: PMC8388433 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The routine handling of cattle during the rearing period and during antemortem events is an inevitable source of animal stress that can have negative impacts on the quality of meat, resulting in economic losses for the meat industry. This study assesses the breed, the farm management system, and the pre-mortem handling of animals and their impact on serum stress biomarkers, as well as their relationship with pHu. The findings indicate that breed, together with farm management, had the highest impact; cortisol, lactate, and serum amyloid A were identified as potential stress biomarkers in relation to pHu. We believe that these findings might help in the assessment of stress in cattle at the stage prior to slaughter. Abstract Seventy-eight calves from Asturiana de los Valles, Retinta, and Rubia Gallega breeds, under extensive and intensive farm systems and animal mixing and non-mixing conditions, and during the transport and lairage in slaughterhouses, were studied. This research aimed to study the effect of breed, farm system and mixing conditions on serum biomarkers (cortisol, lactate, glucose, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein) and their relationship with pHu at slaughter time, and to evaluate the response of the serum biomarkers of calves throughout fattening period. Moreover, this study aims to evaluate the response of the biomarkers in each breed during the fattening period. At slaughter time, cortisol and lactate were affected by BreedxFarm; Retinta showed the opposite pattern to the others and revealed the highest glucose in extensive farm systems. Rubia Gallega in mixing revealed the highest Amyloid A and haptoglobin. Extensive calves in mixing conditions showed the highest glucose. There was a relationship among the variables cortisol, lactate, Amyloid A, and pHu. Slaughter time was a major stressor, and the stress response was mainly affected by breed. At slaughter, several biomarkers should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Torres
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Cabeza de Vaca
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - David Tejerina
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - María Pilar Romero-Fernández
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Av. de Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra AS-267 PK19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
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Jarosz ŁS, Ciszewski A, Grabowski S, Marek A, Grądzki Z, Żylińska B, Rysiak A. The effect of feed supplementation with a copper-glycine chelate and copper sulphate on cellular and humoral immune parameters in chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1954143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz S. Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Grabowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Żylińska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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de Souza Teixeira O, Kuczynski da Rocha M, Gil Sessim A, Dezordi Sartori E, Machado da Rosa Y, Muniz de Oliveira MC, Abud Lima J, Andrighetto Canozzi ME, Urdapilleta Tarouco J, de Faria Valle S, McManus C, Jardim Barcellos JO. Weaning at 30, 75 and 180 days: Comparison between immune responses of beef calves. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:53-61. [PMID: 34111714 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interruption of the maternal-filial bond in young calves can alter the physiological responses due to increased stress at this moment. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the association between age at weaning and the immune responses of 64 beef calves weaned abruptly. The animals were distributed in three weaning (W) treatments: hyper-early (W30), early (W75) and conventional (W180). The treatments agree with the weaning ages used in cow-calf systems in South America. Blood samples were collected of all experimental animals on the day of weaning and days 1, 2 and 7 post-weaning day of the three treatments. Blood samples were used to analyze hematological variables, total plasma proteins (TPP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and cortisol. The variables analyzed were influenced by the sampling day (P < 0.001) and the calf gender (P < 0.05), and an interaction between treatment x sampling day was observed. Over the study period, high serum cortisol levels were observed for W30 calves. The serum amyloid A protein was significantly influenced by sampling day. When compared to W180 calves, W30 and W75 animals showed prolonged concentrations in plasma fibrinogen. In addition, they presented neutrophilia and lymphopenia during the 180-187 days period, which resulted in a greater neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (N:L ratio). Calf gender resulted in changes in the number of blood leukocytes (P < 0.05). This result provides an alert for weaning at an early age, indicating that different management strategies must be tested to minimize physiological instabilities in critical periods of the life of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilene de Souza Teixeira
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Kuczynski da Rocha
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amir Gil Sessim
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Everton Dezordi Sartori
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yago Machado da Rosa
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Abud Lima
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Programa Producción de Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Jaime Urdapilleta Tarouco
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stella de Faria Valle
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos
- Department of Science Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, 91540000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Impact of travel by walk and road on testicular hormones, oxidants, traces minerals, and acute phase response biomarkers of dromedary camels. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06879. [PMID: 34007918 PMCID: PMC8111580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of truck transport and walk travel on testicular hormones, oxidants, antioxidants and acute-phase responses of camels’ walked from Sudan to the Egyptian quarantine and were transported from the quarantine to the slaughterhouses by trucks. Blood samples were collected from walked camels (N ≤ 30) just arrived at the quarantine (Walk), unloaded (N ≤ 12) from the truck (Truck), and control camels (N ≤ 20). Animals were statistically categorized into Walk travel, Truck transport, and Control, then Total travel (Walk + truck transport) was compared to control. Haptoglobin, fibrinogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid, glucose, cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, iron, copper, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins, albumin, and creatinine were measured. Results showed that the travel by walk and truck increased haptoglobin (P ≤ 0.0001), fibrinogen (P < 0.05), ALT (P < 0.05), and creatinine (P ≤ 0.0001) but decreased NO (P ≤ 0.0001), albumin (P < 0.05), Ascorbic acid (P < 0.05), testosterone (P ≤ 0.0001), ALP (P < 0.0001), and glucose (P ≤ 0.0001). The declined NO (P ≤ 0.0001), Ascorbic acid (P ≤ 0.0001), iron (P ≤ 0.005), copper (P ≤ 0.023), cholesterol (P > 0.05), total proteins (P ≤ 0.0001), albumin (P ≤ 0.018), globulins (P ≤ 0.001), with increased haptoglobin (P ≤ 0.0001), AST (P ≤ 0.0001), ALP (P ≤ 0.0001), and testosterone (P ≤ 0.0001) was evident in camels transported by truck compared to walk transport. In conclusion, transport enhanced the acute phase proteins, retarded kidney function, antioxidant status, and energy but truck produced a significant acute-phase response and adversely affected the oxidant-antioxidant balance, destructed proteins kidney, and liver functions than the long travel by walk.
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15
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Tarantola M, Biasato I, Biasibetti E, Biagini D, Capra P, Guarda F, Leporati M, Malfatto V, Cavallarin L, Miniscalco B, Mioletti S, Vincenti M, Gastaldo A, Capucchio MT. Beef cattle welfare assessment: use of resource and animal-based indicators, blood parameters and hair 20β-dihydrocortisol. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1743783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tarantola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Biagini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Capra
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA-CNR), Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Guarda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Leporati
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia “A. Bertinaria”, Regione Gonzole 10/1, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Vanda Malfatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA-CNR), Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Miniscalco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenti
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia “A. Bertinaria”, Regione Gonzole 10/1, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA-CNR), Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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16
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Meléndez DM, Marti S, Haley DB, Schwinghamer TD, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS. Effect of transport and rest stop duration on the welfare of conditioned cattle transported by road. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228492. [PMID: 32120382 PMCID: PMC7051828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of providing rest on physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare of cattle being transported by road has not been well studied in North America. New revisions to Canada's Health of Animals Regulations Part XII: Transportation of Animals indicate un-weaned and weaned calves can be transported a maximum of 12 and 36 h, respectively, before an 8 h rest is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of rest duration, after 12 and 36 h of transport, on physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare in 7-8 mo-old beef calves. Three hundred and twenty conditioned calves (258 ± 23.9 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 4 factorial design where the main factors included transport duration: 12 h (12; n = 160) and 36 h (36; n = 160) and rest stop duration: 0 h (R0; n = 80), 4 h (R4; n = 80), 8 h (R8; n = 80) and 12 h (R12; n = 80). After the resting period, animals were transported for an additional 4 h. Blood and hair samples were taken from 12 animals per treatment prior to and after the first and the 4 h transport; and then 7 h, 2 d and 28 d after the 4 h transport. The concentrations of haptoglobin, creatine kinase, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, and serum and hair cortisol were determined. Standing and lying behaviour was assessed for 14 d after transport, while feeding behaviour of calves in one pen per treatment were assessed for 28 d after transportation using an electronic feed bunk monitoring system. Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and shrink (%) was assessed for all calves. The data was modeled using generalized linear mixed methods (SAS PROC GLIMMIX), where transport and time (nested in rest) were considered fixed effects and animal and pen were considered random effects. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of transport were observed on BW and shrink, where 36 h-transported calves had lower (p < 0.01) BW and greater (p < 0.01) shrink than 12 h-transported calves. A transport × time (nested in rest) interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for lying percentage where, 36-R8 calves had greater (p < 0.01) lying percentage than 12-R8 calves on d 1 after transportation. The area under the curve (AUC) for NEFA was greater (p < 0.01) for 36-R0 calves than 12-R0, 36-R4, and 36-R8 calves, and greater (p < 0.01) in 36-R12 calves than 12-R12 calves. Haptoglobin AUC was greater (p = 0.05) in 36-R12 than 12-R12 calves. Overall, physiological indicators of reduced welfare were greater in calves transported for 36 than 12 h, while no clear differences were observed between rest stop groups with the exception of NEFA. Based on these results, conditioned calves benefit from shorter transport durations but there was no clear evidence that calves rested 4, 8, and 12 h following transportation experienced reduced transport related stress compared to those that were not rested (0h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Meléndez
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonia Marti
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek B. Haley
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy D. Schwinghamer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Martorell Ribera J, Nipkow M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Bochert R, Koll R, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Early response of salmonid head-kidney cells to stress hormones and toll-like receptor ligands. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:950-961. [PMID: 31770645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functional spectrum of the teleostean head kidney covers haematopoietic, immune and endocrine signalling pathways with physiological effects that are likely to conflict if activated at the same time. An in vivo experiment on the salmonid fish maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) revealed that the head kidney shows a remarkably strong response after injection of Aeromonas salmonicida within 48 h. In order to investigate the potential influence of endocrine signalling on the initiation of immune responses, we established a primary culture of head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish. For the characterisation of this model system, we used flow cytometry complemented with an extensive panel of immunological/haematological and stress-physiological/neuroendocrinological qPCR assays. More than one third of the cells expressed the characteristic signature of myeloid cells, while more than half of the cells expressed those genes typical for lymphocytes and monocytes. In parallel, we quantified the expression of genes encoding endocrine receptors and identified ADRA2D as by far the most highly expressed adrenergic-receptor gene in head-kidney cells. The stimulation of the head-kidney cells with toll-like receptor ligands induced the expression of typical immune genes (IL1B, CXCL8, TNF, SAA) after only 1 h. The incubation with the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline also had an immune-activating effect, though less pronounced. However, cortisol had the strongest suppressive effect on the stimulation-induced immune response, while adrenaline exerted a comparably weaker effect and noradrenaline was almost ineffective. Moreover, we found that cortisol reduced the expression of genes coding for adrenergic and some glucocorticoid receptors, while noradrenaline increased it. In conclusion, the primary head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish reflect the immunological and neuroendocrinological diversity of the entire organ. This in vitro system allowed thus identifying the correlative changes between the activities of hormones and immune factors in salmonid fish in order to contribute to a better understanding of the regulation circuit between stress and immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell Ribera
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- FBN, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Südstraße 8, 18375, Born/Darss, Germany
| | - Raphael Koll
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Greguła-Kania M, Kosior-Korzecka U, Patkowski K, Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Plewik M, Gruszecki TM. Acute-phase proteins, cortisol and haematological parameters in ewes during the periparturient period. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:393-400. [PMID: 31916297 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous subclinical diseases in sheep occur in the periparturient period and involve inflammatory processes; therefore, determining markers, such as acute-phase proteins (APPs), can allow an early diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess changes in the plasma concentration of APPs and cortisol in clinically healthy ewes in the periparturient period for use in future studies. At the same time, haematological parameters were monitored. We showed that plasma APPs and cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant ewes than before insemination. A gradual increase in the SAA concentration was observed from the 14th day before to the day of parturition, while Hp was reduced from 2 weeks before up to 2 weeks after delivery. A significant increase in the Fb concentration was detected from the 14th day before to the 1st week after delivery. The cortisol concentration did not undergo significant changes in the periparturient period. We found an increase in the SAA and Fb concentrations and decrease in Hp in the periparturient period. The direction of the change in APPs of healthy ewes in the current study may be related to their distinct regulatory mechanisms during pregnancy. The APPs are usually altered during infection, inflammation, neoplasia, stress and trauma; therefore, knowing their reference values could help lead to an early diagnosis of subclinical forms of some diseases and pregnancy complications in ewes. The haematological analysis showed that ewes in late pregnancy and postpartum compared to dry period were under metabolic stress related to pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Greguła-Kania
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Patkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic and Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Plewik
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maria Gruszecki
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Loudon KMW, Tarr G, Pethick DW, Lean IJ, Polkinghorne R, Mason M, Dunshea FR, Gardner GE, McGilchrist P. The Use of Biochemical Measurements to Identify Pre-Slaughter Stress in Pasture Finished Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E503. [PMID: 31370255 PMCID: PMC6720208 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study considered the relationship between pre-slaughter stressors and plasma biomarkers in 488 pasture-raised cattle across two experiments. The design aimed to test groups consisting of steer only, heifer only, and mixed sex cattle under direct kill versus rested (14 days in abattoir holding paddocks) protocols. In Experiment One, cattle were sourced from four farms, and transported by trucks and ships on the same day. In Experiment Two, cattle were sourced from four farms where a comparison was made between marketing via two commercial saleyards or direct farm gate consignment to abattoir. Blood samples were collected at exsanguination for subsequent analyses and relation to meat quality attributes. Muscle damage, as indicated by creatine kinase, is the biomarker most correlated to ultimate pH and muscle glycogen concentrations. A two-week rest period is effective for lowering this enzyme and improving muscle glycogen concentration. Although the cattle was subjected to a range of stress inducing treatments, we found that plasma biomarkers alone appeared insufficient for use as diagnostic stress indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M W Loudon
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Garth Tarr
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David W Pethick
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | | | - Rod Polkinghorne
- Birkenwood Pty. Ltd, 431 Timor Rd, Murrurundi, NSW 2338, Australia
| | - Maddison Mason
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Graham E Gardner
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter McGilchrist
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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The Effects of Sea and Road Transport on Physiological and Electroencephalographic Responses in Brahman Crossbred Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050199. [PMID: 31035550 PMCID: PMC6563091 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effect of sea and road transport on the physiological response of cattle. The animals were transported by sea (14 d) from Darwin Port, Australia, to Pasir Gudang Port, Johor, Malaysia. Thereafter, the animals were road transported (330 km) from Pasir Gudang Port to Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). From the results of the various blood stress indicators and brain activity of the animals, both sea and road journeys were found to be stressful to the animals. However, the animals recovered from the stressful transport journeys following 4 and 7 days post-transport. Abstract The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of sea and road transport on the acute phase proteins (APP), cortisol, metabolic, haematological and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of Brahman crossbred heifers. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to 14 d of transportation by sea from Darwin Port, Australia, to Pasir Gudang Port, Johor, Malaysia, and 330 km of road transportation. Results revealed that the intensity of response for most blood biochemical parameters increased significantly and were different from the baseline values taken while the animals were in Darwin Port, Australia. Haematological results obtained also revealed a significant increase and were different from the baseline values. Cortisol and APP (bovine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid-A) values increased significantly and were different from the baseline values. Haematological parameters, APP, cortisol and EEG data (alpha, beta, delta and theta waves, total power and median frequency) decreased significantly following 4 and 7 days post-transport, suggesting a recovery of the animals from the stressfulness of transport. In conclusion, the current results revealed that the concentrations of biochemical and haematological parameters, cortisol, APP and EEG data were affected by both sea and road transport as evidenced by the significant changes recorded from the parameters above.
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Razavi SA, Pourjafar M, Hajimohammadi A, Valizadeh R, Naserian AA, Laven R, Mueller KR. Effects of dietary supplementation of bentonite and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall on acute-phase protein and liver function in high-producing dairy cows during transition period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1225-1237. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jarosz Ł, Marek A, Grądzki Z, Laskowska E, Kwiecień M. Effect of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Glycine Chelate on Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins in Chicken Serum and Liver Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:258-272. [PMID: 29675569 PMCID: PMC6314988 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine how inorganic and organic forms of zinc affect the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α-1-AGP), haptoglobin (Hp), and transferrin (TRF) in the blood and liver tissue of 450 1-day-old Ross 308 chicken. Four experimental groups received one the following: inorganic zinc (ZnSO4), a zinc phytase enzyme supplement (ZnSO4-F), organic zinc in combination with glycine (Zn-Gly), or organic zinc supplemented with phytase (Zn-Gly-F). The chicken serum and liver homogenates were assayed using an ELISA kit. The results of the study showed statistically significantly higher serum and liver concentration of SAA in the group of birds that received zinc sulfate in comparison to the group of birds receiving zinc in organic form. A statistically significantly higher serum concentration of CRP and α-1-AGP was also noted in the group receiving zinc sulfate as compared to the Zn-Gly group. Comparison of the serum concentration of TRF between the supplemented groups showed a statistically significant increase in this parameter in the Zn-Gly-F group as compared to the ZSO4-F group. The increase in the serum concentration of Hp in all groups in comparison to the control may indicate stimulation of local immune mechanisms. The results of this study showed an increase in the concentrations of APPs such as AGP and TRF following the administration of zinc glycine chelates, which may demonstrate their effect on metabolic processes in the liver and on immunocompetent cells that regulate the intensity of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Bravo V, Gallo C, Acosta-Jamett G. Effects of Short Transport and Prolonged Fasting in Beef Calves. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8100170. [PMID: 30282905 PMCID: PMC6210554 DOI: 10.3390/ani8100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Marketing is inherently stressful for animals because they are removed from their home environment, handled, and transported. When sold at a livestock market, the events associated with transport are duplicated, in that animals are delivered to and then transported from the market, animals are kept confined in an unknown environment and are often mixed with unfamiliar animals, and fasting times increase. For calves, the stress of weaning is added, because the weaning process often takes place moments before being loaded for transport. In Chile, approximately one million cattle go through livestock markets annually and over 30% of them, being the largest category, are calves. Some studies have shown that calves sold through markets suffer from extended fasting periods, even when exposed to only short transportation times. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of a short transportation time followed by an extended period without food and water. This was undertaken by measuring variables related to stress in beef calves. The results obtained showed a significant physiological effect on body temperature, blood indicators and live weight (LW). Calves lost a mean of 10 kg each after 24 h of fasting. LW loss is probably the most significant economic effect, since animals are traded based on weight. Further studies to measure the impact during true, commercial marketing are needed. Abstract Marketing is a stressful process for beef calves, because they are removed from their environment, often weaned just before loading, loaded, transported, and unloaded. It also involves extended periods without food and water and mixing with unfamiliar animals in an unknown environment. Some studies have shown that calves sold through markets are exposed to extended fasting periods even when they undergo only short transportation times. The aim of this controlled study was to determine the consequences for beef calves of a short transportation time followed by a prolonged time without food and water on their tympanic temperature (TT), maximum eye temperature (MET), blood variables related to stress, and live weight. Ten calves were transported for 3 h and then kept in an outdoor pen for 21 h, completing a 24 h fasting period. Sampling took place before loading, after transport and unloading, and then after completing 24 h without food and water. TT, MET, blood glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) increased significantly after transportation. Live weight decreased across sample times (mean of 10 kg per calf after 24 h of fasting), which was consistent with the higher concentration of β-HB found after fasting. Further studies to measure the actual consequences of true, commercial marketing on calf welfare and productivity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bravo
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Carmen Gallo
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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Gerbert C, Frieten D, Koch C, Dusel G, Eder K, Stefaniak T, Bajzert J, Jawor P, Tuchscherer A, Hammon H. Effects of ad libitum milk replacer feeding and butyrate supplementation on behavior, immune status, and health of Holstein calves in the postnatal period. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7348-7360. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, van Reenen K. Evaluating Potential Biomarkers of Health and Performance in Veal Calves. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:133. [PMID: 29977895 PMCID: PMC6021515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Veal calves undergo many challenges in the early stages of their life. Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. As a consequence, many hematological, physiological, metabolic and immunological parameters of stressed calves might be altered on arrival at the veal farm. Some of these response variables might be useful as biomarkers of performance of calves at the veal farm as they might provide information about an ongoing disease process, or may predict future diseases. Biomarkers might be helpful to group and manage calves in different risk categories after arrival. By adopting treatment decisions and protocols on a risk-group or individual basis, it would be possible to improve animal health and reduce both disease incidence and antibiotic use. Moreover, the use of biomarkers might be an economically feasible approach as some of them do not need invasive techniques and others can be measured in blood already taken during routine checks. Previous literature mainly assessed the physiological responses of calves to transportation. However, information on the link between on-farm arrival data and future health and performance of veal calves is limited. This review, therefore, examined a wide range of papers and aimed to identify potential biomarkers of future health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Reenen
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F. Influence of electro-ejaculator on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and bone metabolism biomarkers in male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1490299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fahd Al-Sobayil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Gutha R, Yarrappagaari S, Thopireddy L, Reddy KS, Saddala RR. Effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors analysis using machine learning methods in zebrafish. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 25:62-72. [PMID: 29156228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms underlying stress responses, meta-analysis of transcriptome is made to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their biological, molecular and cellular mechanisms in response to stressors. The present study is aimed at identifying the effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors, and it is found that several stress responsive genes are common for both abiotic and biotic stress factors in zebrafish. The meta-analysis of micro-array studies revealed that almost 4.7% i.e., 108 common DEGs are differentially regulated between abiotic and biotic stresses. This shows that there is a global coordination and fine-tuning of gene regulation in response to these two types of challenges. We also performed dimension reduction methods, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis which are able to segregate abiotic and biotic stresses into separate entities. The supervised machine learning model, recursive-support vector machine, could classify abiotic and biotic stresses with 100% accuracy using a subset of DEGs. Beside these methods, the random forests decision tree model classified five out of 8 stress conditions with high accuracy. Finally, Functional enrichment analysis revealed the different gene ontology terms, transcription factors and miRNAs factors in the regulation of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekar Gutha
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India
| | - Suresh Yarrappagaari
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India
| | | | | | - Rajeswara Reddy Saddala
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India.
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Objective Measures for the Assessment of Post-Operative Pain in Bos indicus Bull Calves Following Castration. Animals (Basel) 2017; 7:ani7100076. [PMID: 28956843 PMCID: PMC5664035 DOI: 10.3390/ani7100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Surgical castration of cattle is a common husbandry procedure, and although this procedure is known to cause pain in cattle and other species, in some countries it is often performed without anaesthesia or analgesia. Society is increasingly aware of this animal welfare issue and it is creating pressure to drive research into animal welfare science with the aim of identifying practical and economical approaches to pain management in livestock. To effectively manage pain, a pain assessment must be performed. Pain assessment methods are often subjective and therefore influenced by the observer. Ideally, objective assessments that generate consistent and repeatable results between observers should be identified. Bos indicus bull calves were divided into four groups: no castration (NC, n = 6); castration with pre-operative local anaesthetic (CL n = 12); castration with pre-operative anti-inflammatory medication (CM, n = 12); and, castration without pain relief (C, n = 12). A range of objective assessments was performed: bodyweight measurements, activity, and rest levels, and four different compounds in the blood. The results of this study suggest that animals rest for longer periods after the pre-operative administration of anti-inflammatory medication. The other objective assessments measured in this study were not able to consistently differentiate between treatment groups. These findings emphasise the need for alternative quantifiable and objective indicators of pain in Bos indicus bull calves. Abstract The aim of the study was to assess pain in Bos indicus bull calves following surgical castration. Forty-two animals were randomised to four groups: no castration (NC, n = 6); castration with pre-operative lidocaine (CL, n = 12); castration with pre-operative meloxicam (CM, n = 12); and, castration alone (C, n = 12). Bodyweight was measured regularly and pedometers provided data on activity and rest from day −7 (7 days prior to surgery) to 13. Blood was collected for the measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and iron on days 0, 3 and 6. Bodyweight and pedometry data were analysed with a mixed effect model. The blood results were analysed with repeated measure one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no treatment effect on bodyweight or activity. The duration of rest was greatest in the CM group and lowest in the C group. There was a significant increase in the concentrations of SAA, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen in all of the groups from day 0 to 3. Iron concentrations were not different at the time points it was measured. The results of this study suggest that animals rest for longer periods after the pre-operative administration of meloxicam. The other objective assessments measured in this study were not able to consistently differentiate between treatment groups.
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Heinrich SK, Hofer H, Courtiol A, Melzheimer J, Dehnhard M, Czirják GÁ, Wachter B. Cheetahs have a stronger constitutive innate immunity than leopards. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44837. [PMID: 28333126 PMCID: PMC5363065 DOI: 10.1038/srep44837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a textbook case for the importance of genetics in conservation, absence of genetic variability at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is thought to endanger species viability, since it is considered crucial for pathogen resistance. An alternative view of the immune system inspired by life history theory posits that a strong response should evolve in other components of the immune system if there is little variation in the MHC. In contrast to the leopard (Panthera pardus), the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has a relatively low genetic variability at the MHC, yet free-ranging cheetahs are healthy. By comparing the functional competence of the humoral immune system of both species in sympatric populations in Namibia, we demonstrate that cheetahs have a higher constitutive innate but lower induced innate and adaptive immunity than leopards. We conclude (1) immunocompetence of cheetahs is higher than previously thought; (2) studying both innate and adaptive components of immune systems will enrich conservation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K. Heinrich
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Melzheimer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dehnhard
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor Á. Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Wachter
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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Sutherland M, Worth G, Cameron C, Ross C, Rapp D. Health, physiology, and behavior of dairy calves reared on 4 different substrates. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2148-2156. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ulutas PA, Ulutas B, Kiral F, Ekren Asici GS, Gultekin M. Changes of acute phase protein levels in Saanen goat kids during neonatal period. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tarantola M, Valle E, De Marco M, Bergagna S, Dezzutto D, Silvia Gennero M, Bergero D, Schiavone A, Prola L. Effects of abrupt housing changes on the welfare of Piedmontese cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2015.1128691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydatid cysts and microbial agents on the acute-phase response in cattle. Twenty-seven cattle with hydatid cysts and eight apparently healthy cattle comprised the study and control groups, respectively. Parasitological, microbiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the liver and lungs were undertaken, and 49 of these organs were infected with cysts. In 14 of 31 (45.1%) livers and 10 of 18 (55.5%) lungs microbial growth was observed. The most frequent species occurring in the liver were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp. and Campylobacter spp., whereas in the lungs the most common species was Candida spp., followed by Streptococcus spp., Mannheimia haemolytica, Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp. and S. aureus. The concentration of serum interleukin (IL-6) in infected cattle, 455.35 ± 39.68 pg/ml, was significantly higher than that of 83.02 ± 17.87 pg/ml in the control group (P0.05). The highest concentrations of IL-6 were detected in serum of the cattle where microbial growth had been detected, followed by cattle infected with bacteria + Trichostrongylus sp. (P< 0.001). Consequently, SAA showed an important increase in the group infected with hydatid cysts, whereas haptoglobin level decreased. It was noticed that IL-6, like SAA, had a significant role in hydatid cyst infection. Therefore IL-6 and SAA appear to be major markers in the detection of infection of cattle with hydatid cysts.
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Gruse J, Kanitz E, Weitzel JM, Tuchscherer A, Stefaniak T, Jawor P, Wolffram S, Hammon HM. Quercetin Feeding in Newborn Dairy Calves Cannot Compensate Colostrum Deprivation: Study on Metabolic, Antioxidative and Inflammatory Traits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146932. [PMID: 26752173 PMCID: PMC4709053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immaturity of the neonatal immune system is causative for high morbidity in calves and colostrum intake is crucial for acquiring passive immunity. Pathogenesis is promoted by reactive oxygen species accumulating at birth if counter-regulation is inadequate. The flavonol quercetin exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that may enhance neonatal health. The aim of this work was to study effects of quercetin feeding on metabolic, antioxidative and inflammatory parameters in neonatal calves to investigate whether quercetin could compensate for insufficient colostrum supply. Twenty-eight newborn calves were assigned to two dietary groups fed colostrum or milk-based formula on day 1 and 2 and milk replacer thereafter. From day 2 onwards, 7 calves per diet group were additionally fed quercetin aglycone (50 mg/(kg body weight × day)). Blood samples were taken repeatedly to measure plasma concentrations of flavonols, glucose, lactate, total protein, albumin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A. Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and F2-isoprostanes were analyzed to evaluate plasma antioxidative status. Expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase mRNA were measured in liver tissue on day 8. Plasma flavonol concentrations were detectable only after quercetin-feeding without differences between colostrum and formula feeding. Plasma glucose, lactate, total protein, immunoglobulins, triglycerides, cholesterol, trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive species were higher after colostrum feeding. Body temperature, fecal fluidity and plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin were higher in formula- than in colostrum-fed groups. Hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor was higher after quercetin feeding and expression of C-reactive protein was higher after formula feeding. Data confirm that colostrum improves neonatal health and indicate that quercetin feeding cannot compensate for insufficient colostrum supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Gruse
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Joachim M. Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawor
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Harald M. Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Najafi P, Zulkifli I, Soleimani A, Kashiani P. The effect of different degrees of feed restriction on heat shock protein 70, acute phase proteins, and other blood parameters in female broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2322-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Verdú M, Bach A, Devant M. Effect of concentrate feeder design on performance, eating and animal behavior, welfare, ruminal health, and carcass quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3018-33. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Biomarker responses to weaning stress in beef calves. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:458-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F. The impact of racing on serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins in racing dromedary camels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sutherland MA, Worth GM, Stewart M. The effect of rearing substrate and space allowance on the behavior and physiology of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4455-63. [PMID: 24792793 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rearing substrate and space allowance on the behavior and physiology of dairy calves. At 1 wk of age, 72 calves were moved into 1 of 18 experimental pens (n=4 calves/pen) where they remained until 6 wk of age. Half of the pens had floors covered with quarry stones (QS) and the other half were covered with sawdust (SW). For each substrate type, calves were reared at 1 of 3 space allowances: 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 m(2)/calf. Behavior was video-recorded continuously for 24 h in the home pen at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age; the time calves spent lying, standing, walking, and running were estimated using 1-min instantaneous scan sampling. Body weight, cleanliness, fecal fluidity, and skin surface temperature were recorded at 1, 4, and 6 wk of age. Escherichia coli numbers were assessed on the skin surface of the shoulder and in feces of calves at 4 and 6 wk of age. Blood samples were taken at 1, 4, and 6 wk of age to measure cortisol, creatine kinase, immunoglobulin G, serum amyloid A, and total protein concentrations. Calves reared on QS spent less time lying and walking and more time standing at 4 and 6 wk of age compared with calves reared on SW. Furthermore, calves reared at a space allowance of 2.0 m(2)/calf spent less time lying and more time standing and walking compared with calves reared at a space allowance of 1.0 and 1.5 m(2)/calf. Calves reared on QS had lower skin surface temperatures compared with calves reared on SW. Fecal fluidity scores were lower in calves reared on QS than SW at 2 wk of age. Fewer E. coli were recovered from the shoulder of calves reared on QS than those of calves reared on SW, but fecal E. coli counts were similar between rearing substrates and space allowances. Serum amyloid A concentrations were lower in calves reared on QS than SW. We detected no effect of rearing substrate or space allowance on body weight, cleanliness, or concentrations of cortisol, creatine kinase, immunoglobulin G, and total protein. In conclusion, lower skin temperature in combination with reduced lying behavior may reflect reduced comfort of calves reared on QS. Furthermore, a space allowance of 2.0 m(2)/calf may provide calves with more opportunity to perform active behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sutherland
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
| | - G M Worth
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - M Stewart
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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Ali MA, El-Khodery SA, El-Said WE. Potential risk factors associated with ill-thrift in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) raised at smallholder farms in Egypt. J Adv Res 2014. [PMID: 26199751 PMCID: PMC4506961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to grow (ill-thrift) in calves has a negative effect on animal production and health. The present study was carried out from November, 2009 to May, 2013 to investigate the risk factors of ill-thrift in buffalo calves. A total of 344 calves at 78 smallholder farms were selected randomly. A questionnaire was designed to include managemental, nutritional and disease risk factors. Serum selenium, copper, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured. Data were subjected to logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as p value, odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Fifty-five calves (15.9%) showed ill-thrift. On animal level, the final multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant association between ill-thrift and early weaning (p < 0.01; OR: 45.755; CI: 4.35–480.25), diarrhea (p < 0.05; OR: 41.315; CI: 1.710–998.0), indoor management (p < 0.05; OR: 63.56; CI: 2.701–14.96) and low serum phosphorus (p < 0.01; 292.0; CI: 5.256–16.23). On farm level, inadequate mineral supplementation (p < 0.001; OR: 18.62; CI: 3.89–88.9) and irregular use of anthelmintics (p < 0.05; OR: 7.95; CI: 1.53–41.23) were the potential factors. Clinically, ill-thrift calves were more likely to have alopecia (p < 0.01), recumbency (p < 0.01), emaciation (p < 0.001), hypothermia (p < 0.01), inappetance (p < 0.001), lacrimation (p < 0.001), hypomotile rumen (p < 0.001), and pale mucous membrane (p < 0.001). The results of the present study indicate that ill-thrift in buffalo calves could occur as a result of interaction between management errors and disease factors. Identification of the risk factors associated with ill-thrift may provide useful information, which assist to construct the suitable preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Khodery
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Waleed E El-Said
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Roy K, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Pors SE, Christensen JP, Biswas PK, Bojesen AM. Performance of a commercial Chicken-Ovo-transferrin-ELISA on the serum of brown layer chickens infected with Gallibacterium anatis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:57-61. [PMID: 24313352 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.867011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate Ovo-transferrin (OTF), a positive acute-phase protein in chickens, as a diagnostic biomarker of selected bacterial infections we checked the performance of a commercial Chicken-OTF-ELISA (ICL, Inc., Portland, OR, USA) by analytical and overlap performances using two groups of serum samples obtained from 26 Gallibacterium anatis-infected and 20 Streptococcus zooepidemicus-infected brown layer chickens. In addition, sera from 14 apparently healthy and 19 negative control chickens were analysed in the Gallibacterium group whereas sera from 20 healthy and 11 negative control chickens from the Streptococcus group were analysed. All calibration curves revealed high coefficients of determination (≥ 0.97) between optical density (OD 450nm) and concentrations of OTF (mg/ml). OTF concentrations in high, medium and low pools (made of sera from a combination of infected and/or non-infected birds) were >6.4, >3.8 to <4.5 and <1.6 mg/ml in the Gallibacterium group, and >6.7, >3.5 to <3.7 and <1.1 mg/ml in the Streptococcus group, respectively. For each pool, low coefficients of intra-assay (7.8, 5.7 and 5.3) and inter-assay (15.8, 18.0 and 18.0) variations were obtained in the Gallibacterium study. In the Streptococcus study only the intra-assay variation was low (3.7, 3.8 and 6.2, respectively). The linearity check was acceptable demonstrating a straight line with slope and intercept, not deviating from one and zero, respectively, using the Gallibacterium sera, whereas the Streptococcus sera deviated from the linear line. Detection limits were low (Gallibacterium, 0.01 mg/ml; Streptococcus, 0.32 mg/ml). OTF concentrations (mean ± standard error of the mean) in overlap performances were elevated in the sera of infected chickens (Gallibacterium, 4.4 ± 0.3 mg/ml; Streptococcus, 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/ml) compared with negative controls (1.7 ± 0.1 mg/ml) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the Chicken-OTF-ELISA can be used to measure reproducible serum OTF concentrations in brown layer chickens as a response to G. anatis infections, whereas an adjustment of dilution process is proposed to optimize to use in S. zooepidemicus-infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna Roy
- a Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Dong H, Wang S, Jia Y, Ni Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang S, Shen X, Zhao R. Long-term effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk quality and hepatic gene expression in lactating goats fed a high-concentrate diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82850. [PMID: 24376594 PMCID: PMC3871605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism underlying the decline in milk quality during periods of feeding high-concentrate diets to dairy ruminants is not well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic changes in the liver that contribute to the input of substrate precursors to the mammary gland after feeding a high-concentrate diet to lactating goats for a long period. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to two groups. For 9 weeks, the treatment group was fed a high-concentrate diet (60% concentrate of dry matter, HC) and the control group was fed a low-concentrate diet (40% concentrate of dry matter, LC). Ruminal fluid, plasma, and liver tissues were sampled, microarray techniques and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate metabolic parameters and gene expression in liver. RESULTS Feeding a 60%-concentrate diet for 9 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in rumen pH. Changes in fat and protein content also occurred, which negatively affected milk quality. Plasma levels of leptin (p = 0.058), non-esterified fatty acid (p = 0.071), and glucose (p = 0.014) increased markedly in HC group. Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly elevated in the treatment group (p<0.05). Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor protein gene was significantly down-regulated (p<0.05) in the liver. The expression of genes for interleukin 1β, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin mRNA was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the HC group. GeneRelNet analysis showed that gene expression involved in inflammatory responses and the metabolism of lipids, protein, and carbohydrate were significantly altered by feeding a high-concentrate diet for 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the acute phase response and the inflammatory response may contribute to nutrient partitioning and re-distribution of energy in the liver, and ultimately lead to a decline in milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuanshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Zhuang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Institute of Small Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Simplício K, Sousa F, Fagliari J, Silva P. Proteinograma sérico, com ênfase em proteínas de fase aguda, de bovinos sadios e bovinos portadores de enfermidade aguda de ocorrência natural. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nas últimas décadas, as proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) tornaram-se biomarcadores de escolha em medicina humana para identificação e monitoração de doenças. Não há razão para imaginar que tais pesquisas clínicas não sejam igualmente úteis na medicina veterinária. Com o objetivo de verificar a importância das PFAs como biomarcadores de doenças inflamatórias em bovinos, determinou-se o proteinograma sérico, por meio da técnica de eletroforese SDS-PAGE, com interesse especial nas PFAs. Foram utilizados 30 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos: 15 bovinos sadios e 15 bovinos doentes (cinco com mastite estafilocócica, cinco com fotossensibilização e cinco com onfaloflebite). Os animais foram submetidos a colheitas diárias de sangue durante sete dias, enquanto internados no Hospital Veterinário da Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal. Ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina apresentaram elevação significativa em animais acometidos por mastite, fotossensibilização e onfaloflebite (275,17% e 343,71%; 175,17% e 230,19%; 114,47% e 144,47%, respectivamente). A α1-glicoproteína ácida foi um bom biomarcador apenas em animais com mastite e fotossensibilização, elevando, respectivamente, suas concentrações séricas em 198,14% e 145,89%. Fibrinogênio mostrou-se um indicador confiável apenas em bovinos com mastite, com elevação de 146,5% em relação ao grupo sadio. Ficou clara a diferença na responsividade de distintas PFAs frente a diferentes estímulos inflamatórios. Ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina foram biomarcadores mais sensíveis e, portanto, mais confiáveis entre as PFAs estudadas nessa espécie.
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Scollo A, Di Martino G, Bonfanti L, Stefani AL, Schiavon E, Marangon S, Gottardo F. Tail docking and the rearing of heavy pigs: the role played by gender and the presence of straw in the control of tail biting. Blood parameters, behaviour and skin lesions. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:825-30. [PMID: 23876332 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the specific heavy pig rearing context allowed the fattening of undocked pigs without an outbreak of tail biting. At the same time, gender and straw availability (small amounts) were considered to understand their possible interactions with tail presence in the display of tail biting. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted to test the effects of these factors on blood parameters, behaviour and tail/ear lesions. Few interactions among factors were detected. Undocked pigs showed lower cortisol (P<0.02), lying behaviour (P<0.001), and higher risk of tail/ear biting (weeks 3 and 9), but lower risk of tail lesions (week 14). Straw increased the motivation for exploring (P<0.001), reduced serum haptoglobin (P<0.001) and the risk for tail biting (weeks 3, 9, 18) and ear biting (weeks 3, 9). Results highlight the importance of straw as an environmental enrichment and seem to indicate that fattening undocked heavy pigs is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Scollo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Correlation between some hematological parameters, acute phase proteins and serum immunoglobulins in experimental caprine besnoitiosis. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:155-61. [PMID: 26063991 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate correlation between some hematological parameters, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins in the experimentally infected goats with Besnoitia caprae from the time of infection till 360 days post infection (DPI). Six male goats, approximately 12-16 months old, were inoculated subcutaneously with approximately 1.3 × 10(8) bradyzoites of B. caprae and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals from the jugular vein of the goats. Total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte counts were determined. Acute phase proteins (APPs) including serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin were undertaken at weekly intervals. We evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (using a somatic antigen of bradyzoite) to detect anti-B. caprae antibodies in caprine sera. Cysts were present in the skin biopsies of the distal parts of the leg of the infected goats from 28 DPI. From 30 to 360 DPI, results showed that the APPs concentrations including SAA, Hp, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin were enhanced in the serum of infected goats. However, there were some variation in hematological parameters; the differences were not significant with those of the normal values. Some variations were seen in the levels of specific antibodies against this parasite and they had correlation with some hematological parameters and acute-phase proteins.
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Sevimli A, Yalcin M, Cangul IT, Aydin S. Investigation of serum amino acid and serum amyloid A concentrations in chickens with amyloid arthropathy. Vet Q 2012; 32:17-23. [PMID: 22646841 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2012.689117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased proteolytic cleavage of serum amyloid A (SAA) may potentially contribute to the development of AA amyloid deposition. OBJECTIVE To study the possible relationship between amyloid artropathy and expression of SAA and some serum amino acids. ANIMALS AND METHODS Values of 15 serum amino acids and SAA were investigated in chickens with experimentally induced amyloid arthropathy. Thirty-four, 5-week-old chicks were allocated into two groups: one group was injected intra-articularly with 0.25 mL complete Freund's adjuvant at the left tibio-metatarsal joint to induce amyloid arthropathy, whereas the other group served as control. All pullets were necropsied 13 weeks after injection. Collected tissue samples were examined histopathologically. Blood samples were collected and SAA concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the amino acid concentrations in serum. RESULTS Amyloid accumulation in joints occurred only in the experimental group (89%). SAA concentrations of 166 ± 17 and 423 ± 39 (SD) ng/mL were found in the control and experimental groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In the experimental group, an increase was observed in all examined amino acid concentrations except for citrulline. The most significant (p < 0.001) increases were noticed in serine (from 159 ± 15 to 360 ± 29 µmol/L), glycine (from 151 ± 20 to 279 ± 16 µmol/L), isoleucine (from 48 ± 2 to 80 ± 6 µmol/L), and phenylalanine (from 49 ± 2 to 90 ± 3 µmol/L). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that there is a positive correlation between some serum amino acid values, especially serine, glycine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, and the high concentrations of SAA in chickens with amyloid arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Sevimli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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El-Deeb WM, Iacob OC. Serum acute phase proteins in control and Theileria annulata infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:12-8. [PMID: 22785130 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to ascertain the changes in acute phase proteins (APPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Theileria annulata infected water buffalo. Thirty infected water buffaloes and 20 parasitologically free were used. In the present study there was significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and fibrinogen levels (2.18 ± 0.29 g/l, 156.58 ± 3.48 mg/l, 31.23 ± 1.25mg/dl, 370.23 ± 33.21 mg/l and 16.17 ± 1.18 g/l, respectively) in T. annulata infected water buffaloes when compared to healthy ones (0.13 ± 0.01 g/l, 23.9 ± 0.56 mg/l, 21.23 ± 1.21 mg/dl, 240.53 ± 22.45 mg/l and 4.2 ± 0.1 6g/l, respectively). Moreover, there was significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β and IFN-γ (2.55 ± 0.12 ng/ml, 98.32 ± 4.21 pg/ml, 152.32 ± 5.62 pg/ml, 26.44 ± 1.43 ng/ml, 240.33 ± 20.45 pg/ml and 123.65 ± 5.67 pg/ml, respectively) in T. annulata infected water buffaloes when compared to healthy ones (0.42 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 55.32 ± 3.21 pg/ml, 88.23 ± 3.21 pg/ml, 7.45 ± 0.67 ng/ml, 98.33 ± 3.45 pg/ml and 34.76 ± 1.56 pg/ml, respectively). There was also significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the Hb content, PCV%, RBCs and WBCs counts in the diseased water buffaloes compared to the control ones. Neutropenia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were also recorded. The biochemical changes revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) elevation in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDL-c, VLDL-c, BHBA and NEFA, with significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in the levels of total proteins, albumin, globulins, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, G6PD, calcium and phosphorus in T. annulata infected water buffaloes when compared to healthy ones. It could be concluded that APPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines could be used as a valuable biomarkers in T. annulata infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Deeb
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Cannizzo C, Gianesella M, Giudice E, Messina V, Piccione G, Morgante M. Serum acute phase proteins in cows with SARA (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis) suspect. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) and other blood constituents during the onset of the sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) pathological status. A total of 108 cows from 12 dairy herds were randomly selected and divided into three Groups of 36 animals each. All animals were subjected to a rumenocentesis. Group A was composed by subjects with a rumen pH>5.8, Group B was composed by subjects with a rumen pH ≤5.5≤5.8 and Group C was composed by subjects with a rumen pH<5.5. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Total Proteins, Albumin and White Blood Cells (WBC) were determined. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical significance on Rumen pH, Hp, SAA. SARA seems not stimulate the APPs production from liver.
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