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Barenie MJ, Howie EK, Weber KA, Thakur D, Murphy CM, Thomsen MR. Where the children play: Gender gaps in recess physical activity by age and playground area. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102699. [PMID: 38560596 PMCID: PMC10981088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Recess contributes meaningfully to physical activity (PA), but recess time has declined. The study's purpose was to report PA by age, gender, and playground feature to inform potential playground configurations more conducive to PA during recess. Methods Using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in the Youth, kindergarten through 5th grade recesses were observed on at least four days at four schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States during May 2023. Target playground features were ball courts, grass, pavement, play structures, and swings. To provide inferential analysis, a comparison of conditional means across playground features, age, and gender was conducted using linear regression with robust standard errors clustered by school. Results 3,356 playground scans (intercoder correlation = 0.93) were collected and aggregated by school, day, gender, age (grade), and target feature for a sample size of 292 observations. The gender gap was widest among 4-5th graders, 79 % (95 % CI: 72, 86) for males and 64 % (95 % CI: 58, 70) for females. Among females, PA was highest on swings [82 % (95 % CI: 77, 86)] and lowest on paved areas [56 % (95 % CI: 43, 69)]. Among males, it was highest on both swings [81 % (95 % CI: 75, 86)] and ball courts [83 % (95 % CI: 77, 89)] and lowest on grassy areas [64 % (95 % CI: 60, 67)]. Conclusion Swings, courts, and play structures were associated with a higher proportion of children being engaged in PA. Research is needed to identify whether physical improvements to facilitate access to these features increase PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Barenie
- Center for the Study of Obesity, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 820, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erin K. Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kari A. Weber
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 82, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Deboleena Thakur
- Center for the Study of Obesity, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 820, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christopher M. Murphy
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael R. Thomsen
- Center for the Study of Obesity, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 820, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Maia J, Santos C, Pereira S, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Cruz H, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Katzmarzyk PT. A multivariate multilevel approach to unravel the associations between individual and school factors on children's motor performance in the REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24080. [PMID: 38562064 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to (1) estimate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and object control fundamental movement skills (FMS), (2) identify child characteristics that relate with PF and FMS, and (3) examine associations between the school environment, PF, and FMS. METHODS The sample included 1014 Portuguese children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. PF was assessed via running speed, shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip, and the PACER test. Object control FMS were assessed with stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll. Test performances were transformed into z-scores, and their sum was expressed as overall PF and FMS. Child-level variables included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, accelerometer-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES). School size, physical education classes, practice areas, and equipment were also assessed. RESULTS Approximately, 90% of the variance in object control PF and FMS was at the child level, and 10% at the school level. The correlation between PF and object control FMS was .62, which declined to .43 with the inclusion of covariates. Older, more active, and higher SES children had higher object control PF and FMS, and boys outperformed girls. BMI was negatively associated with PF but not with object control FMS. Sedentary time and number of physical education classes were not significant predictors. Most school predictors did not jointly associate with PF and object control FMS. CONCLUSION PF and object control FMS z-scores were moderately related. Not all child characteristics were associated with both PF and object control FMS, and their effect sizes were different. School characteristics only explained 10% of the total variation in PF and object control FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Matosinhos City-Hall, Division of Innovation, Education and Pedagogy, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Wolfe AM. Addressing Socioeconomic Disparities in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Diverse Youth Populations. J Pediatr 2024; 265:113805. [PMID: 37918515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, Jacksonville, Illinois.
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Chang Z, Ye H, Huang B, Xu J. Physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents at different high altitudes in Tibet, China: A comparative study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23975. [PMID: 37555244 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High altitude hypoxic environment has a certain negative impact on physical fitness of adolescents. We aimed to understand the physical fitness status of Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude areas in Tibet, China. METHODS Physical fitness items, such as grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, 1000 m run for boys, and 800 m run for girls were tested on 3806 Tibetan adolescents by using stratified whole group sampling method in class units. The mean age of the participants was (15.51 ± 1.69) years for Tibetan males and (15.54 ± 1.69) years for females. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other methods were used to make cross-sectional comparisons of physical fitness performance of Chinese Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions. RESULTS The standing long jump scores of boys (203.37 ± 28.36) were higher than that of girls (152.97 ± 19.46) and the lowest standing long jump scores of adolescents in Shigatse region (166.39 ± 35.04). The highest level of sit and reach was found among boys (10.69 ± 5.34) in Nyingchi and the lowest level of sit and reach was found among girls (8.42 ± 5.84) in Shigatse. Shigatse region adolescents had the lowest performance in 50 m dash (9.09 ± 1.72) while the best performance in 1000 m run (266.23 ± 35.82) and 800 m run (245.40 ± 27.92). CONCLUSION There is variability in the physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions of Tibet, China. Targeted physical fitness interventions should be carried out for Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions. The focus should be on improving the endurance quality of Tibetan adolescents in Lhasa and the lower limb muscle strength, flexibility, and speed quality of adolescents in Shigatse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chang
- School of Physical Education & Health, Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology, Jiangxi Nanchang, China
| | - Huimin Ye
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
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Mistry MS, Gauvreau K, Alexander ME, Jenkins K, Gauthier N. Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Pediatric Peak Oxygen Consumption Prediction. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113742. [PMID: 37730107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if socioeconomic status (SES) has a greater effect than standard demographic values on predicted peak oxygen consumption (pVO2). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a single-institution, retrospective analysis of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data from 2010 to 2020 for healthy patients age <19 years with body mass index (BMI) percentile (BMI%) between 5-95. Data were sorted by self-identified race, BMI%, and adjusted gross income (AGI); AGI served as a surrogate for SES. Mean percent predicted pVO2 (pppVO2) was compared between groups. Linear regression was used to adjust for differences. RESULTS A total of 541 CPETs met inclusion criteria. Mean pppVO2 was 97% ± 22.6 predicted (P < .01) with 30% below criterion standard for normal (85% predicted). After excluding unknown AGI and race, 418 CPETs remained. Mean pppVO2 was lower for Blacks (n = 36) and Latinx (n = 26) compared with Whites (n = 333, P < .01). Mean pppVO2 declined as AGI decreased (P < .01). The differences in pppVO2 between racial categories remained significant when adjusted for BMI% (Black r = -7.3, P = .035; Latinx r = -15.4, P < .01). These differences both decreased in magnitude and were no longer significant when adjusted for AGI (Black r = -6.0, P = .150; Latinx r = -9.3, P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Lower SES correlates with lower measured cardiovascular fitness and may confound data interpretation. When using normative reference ranges in clinical decision making, providers should recognize that social determinants of health may influence predicted fitness. Social inequities should be considered when assessing pediatric cardiovascular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanasi S Mistry
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mark E Alexander
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathy Jenkins
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Naomi Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Kehm RD, Lilge L, Walter EJ, White M, Herbstman JB, Perera FP, Miller RL, Terry MB, Tehranifar P. Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Breast Tissue Composition in Adolescence and Adulthood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1294-1301. [PMID: 37436425 PMCID: PMC10804240 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) at birth is associated with breast cancer risk. Whether this association is driven by changes in breast tissue composition (BTC) prior to adulthood remains unclear. METHODS We used multivariable linear regression models to examine whether SES at birth is associated with BTC in adolescence and adulthood using data from a New York City cohort of daughters (n = 165, 11-20 years) and mothers (n = 160, 29-55 years). We used maternal-reported data on daughters' household income and maternal education at birth, analyzed individually and in combination (SES index). Women also reported their own mothers' education at birth. We used optical spectroscopy to evaluate BTC measures that positively (water content, collagen content, optical index) and negatively (lipid content) correlate with mammographic breast density, a recognized breast cancer risk factor. RESULTS Being in the highest versus lowest category of the SES index was associated with lower lipid content [βadjusted (βadj) = -0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.30 to -0.31] and higher collagen content (βadj = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.09-0.99) in adolescence. In women with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2, higher maternal education at birth (≥ vs. < high school degree) was associated with lower lipid content (βadj = -0.57; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.17), higher water content (βadj = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.26-1.14), and higher optical index (βadj = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.10-0.95). CONCLUSIONS This study supports that SES at birth is associated with BTC in adolescence and adulthood, although the latter association may depend on adult BMI. IMPACT Further research is needed to identify the socially patterned early life factors influencing BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Kehm
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - E Jane Walter
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Melissa White
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Schott N, Mündörfer A, Holfelder B. Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status Influences Motor Performance and Inhibitory Control in Kindergarten Children-Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kitafit Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1332. [PMID: 37628331 PMCID: PMC10453836 DOI: 10.3390/children10081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the role of socio-economic status on physical activity, obesity, and cognitive performance in youth or older adults, but few studies have examined the role of neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) on motor or cognitive performance in kindergarten children. This study aimed to examine whether lower NSES (measured by the social data atlas) was associated with lower motor and inhibitory control performance in kindergarten children. One hundred twenty-nine preschoolers were recruited from eight kindergartens in low and high NSES areas in Stuttgart, one of Germany's largest metropolitan areas. Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance) and inhibitory control (Flanker Task, Go/NoGo Task) were assessed in a sample of 3- to 6-year-old children within a cross-sectional study. Children from a low NSES background showed the expected difficulties in inhibitory control and motor performance, as indicated by poorer performance than children from a high NSES background. Sex-specific analysis revealed girls from low NSES areas to have the lowest fine motor control; children with low NSES reach a Developmental Coordination Disorder at-risk status of 13% (boys and girls), in contrast to children with high SES (boys 9.1%, girls 0.0%). Motor performance and inhibitory control correlated positively with regard to the group from a low NSES background. Researchers and practitioners are advised to develop a more nuanced picture of motor and academic achievement in heterogeneous neighborhoods when designing early intervention programs, particularly with regard to sex differences, with the most significant disadvantage to girls with lower NSES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Schott
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Andi Mündörfer
- Amt für Sport und Bewegung, Bewegungsförderung und Sportentwicklung, 70161 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Holfelder
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Wells NM, Cosco NG, Hales D, Monsur M, Moore RC. Gardening in Childcare Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of a Garden Intervention on Physical Activity among Children Aged 3-5 Years in North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5939. [PMID: 37297543 PMCID: PMC10252818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a childcare gardening intervention on children's physical activity (PA). Eligible childcare centers were randomly assigned to: (1) garden intervention (n = 5; year 1); (2) waitlist control (n = 5; control year 1, intervention year 2); or (3) control (n = 5; year 2 only) groups. Across the two-year study, PA was measured for 3 days at four data collection periods using Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. The intervention comprised 6 raised fruit and vegetable garden beds and a gardening guide with age-appropriate learning activities. The sample included a total of 321 3-5-year-olds enrolled in childcare centers in Wake County, North Carolina, with n = 293 possessing PA data for at least one time point. The analyses employed repeated measures linear mixed models (SAS v 9.4 PROC MIXED), accounting for clustering of the children within the center and relevant covariates (e.g., cohort, weather, outside days, accelerometer wear). A significant intervention effect was found for MVPA (p < 0.0001) and SED minutes (p = 0.0004), with children at intervention centers acquiring approximately 6 min more MVPA and 14 min less sedentary time each day. The effects were moderated by sex and age, with a stronger impact for boys and the youngest children. The results suggest that childcare gardening has potential as a PA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Wells
- Department of Human Centered Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 1300F MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nilda Graciela Cosco
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, College of Design, North Carolina State University, 50 Pullen Road, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Muntazar Monsur
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Robin C. Moore
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, College of Design, North Carolina State University, 50 Pullen Road, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Tong Z, Kong Z, Jia X, Yu J, Sun T, Zhang Y. Spatial Heterogeneity and Regional Clustering of Factors Influencing Chinese Adolescents' Physical Fitness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3836. [PMID: 36900845 PMCID: PMC10001620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is often significant spatial heterogeneity in the factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents, yet less attention has been paid to this in established studies. Based on the 2018 Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard Test data, this study uses a multi-scale, geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model combined with a K-means clustering algorithm to construct a spatial regression model of the factors influencing adolescent physical fitness, and to investigate the degree of spatial variation in the physical fitness of Chinese adolescents from a socio-ecological perspective of health promotion. The following conclusions were drawn: the performance of the youth physical fitness regression model was significantly improved after taking spatial scale and heterogeneity into account. At the provincial scale, the non-farm output, average altitude, and precipitation of each region were strongly related to youth physical fitness, and each influencing factor generally showed a banded spatial heterogeneity pattern, which can be summarized into four types: N-S, E-W, NE-SW, and SE-NW. From the perspective of youth physical fitness, China can be divided into three regions of influence: the socio-economic-influenced region, mainly including the eastern region and some of the central provinces of China; the natural-environment-influenced region, which mainly includes the northwestern part of China and some provinces in the highland region; and the multi-factor joint-influenced region, which mainly includes the provinces in the central and northeastern regions of China. Finally, this study provides syndemic suggestions for physical fitness and health promotion for youths in each region.
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Risk of depression mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance in adolescent boys and girls: DADOS study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:67-77. [PMID: 36264339 PMCID: PMC9829568 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aims to analyze the mediating role of risk of depression in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance in a sample of adolescents and to test the moderation effect of sex. A total of 263 adolescents (125 girls, 13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) study were included in the analysis. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test. Academic performance was assessed through the final academic grades and the test of educational abilities. Risk of depression was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents. Mediation analyses were performed to determine the direct and indirect associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, risk of depression, and academic performance. Indirect effects with confidence intervals not including zero were interpreted as statistically significant, and percentages of mediation were calculated in order to know how much of the association was explained by the mediation. Our findings indicated a significant mediating effect of risk of depression in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness with final grades in math, language, and grade point average (percentages of mediation: 26%, 53%, and 29%, respectively). These analyses were not moderated by sex (all confidence intervals included 0). CONCLUSION Risk of depression acts as a possible underlying mechanism in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic grades in adolescents. Educational and health institutions could benefit from our findings since the promotion of higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels might reduce the risk of depression with potential benefits on adolescents' academic performance. WHAT IS KNOWN • Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with academic performance in adolescents. Nevertheless, the psychological mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. WHAT IS NEW • Risk of depression mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance in adolescents, independently of sex. • Our findings may improve the efficacy of mental health and educational programs by promoting the enhancement of cardiorespiratory fitness levels, which may reduce risk of depression with potential benefits on academic performance.
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Dong X, Huang F, Starratt G, Yang Z. Trend in health-related physical fitness for Chinese male first-year college students: 2013-2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:984511. [PMID: 36935701 PMCID: PMC10014614 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.984511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical fitness is a health indicator contributing to the prevention of non-communicable diseases that threaten public health. Studies across a number of global populations indicate that physical fitness is generally declining. This study investigated the trend in physical fitness of Chinese male first-year college students from 2013 to 2019 to offer critical information for fostering individual and public health. Methods This study used archival data and a natural experiment design capturing 4 years of data prior to implementation of the Healthy China 2030 initiative and 3 years following. Physical fitness tests were based on the Chinese national student physical fitness standards for males including body mass index, vital capacity, standing-long-jump, sit-and-reach, pull-ups, 50 m sprint, and 1,000 m run. Because the physical fitness tests set different standards for males and females, female data will be reported separately. Data from a total of 3,185 Chinese male first-year college students from a private university in Hebei Province of China were included in the study. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used for analyzing the research data. Results The results indicated an overall significant difference in health-related physical fitness of Chinese male first-year college students, with scores on health indicators generally declining from 2013 to 2019. Despite improvement on some fitness variables in some years, performance on virtually all indicators was diminished compared to baseline years. Discussion These findings can contribute to the existing global literature in the field of public health showing general declines in physical fitness. Chinese universities have the opportunity to support Healthy China 2030 goals and cultivate individuals' physical fitness by offering physical education course that encourage college students to participate in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activities in order to support physical fitness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Dong
- Department of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gerene Starratt
- Adrian Dominican School of Education, Barry University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zheyi Yang
- Physical Education Institute, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zheyi Yang
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Maino Vieytes CA, Zhu R, Gany F, Burton-Obanla A, Arthur AE. Empirical Dietary Patterns Associated with Food Insecurity in U.S. Cancer Survivors: NHANES 1999-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14062. [PMID: 36360938 PMCID: PMC9656362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Food insecurity (FI) is a public health and sociodemographic phenomenon that besets many cancer survivors in the United States. FI in cancer survivors may arise as a consequence of financial toxicity stemming from treatment costs, physical impairment, labor force egress, or a combination of those factors. To our knowledge, an understanding of the dietary intake practices of this population has not been delineated but is imperative for addressing the needs of this vulnerable population; (2) Methods: Using data from NHANES, 1999-2018, we characterized major dietary patterns in the food insecure cancer survivor population using: i. penalized logistic regression (logit) and ii. principal components analysis (PCA). We validated these patterns by examining the association of those patterns with food insecurity in the cancer population; (3) Results: Four dietary patterns were extracted with penalized logit and two with PCA. In the pattern validation phase, we found several patterns exhibited strong associations with FI. The FI, SNAP, and Household Size patterns (all extracted with penalized logit) harbored the strongest associations and there was evidence of stronger associations in those moderately removed from a cancer diagnosis (≥2 and <6 years since diagnosis); (4) Conclusions: FI may play an influential role on the dietary intake patterns of cancer survivors in the U.S. The results highlight the relevance of FI screening and monitoring for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoqing Zhu
- Department of Statistics, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Francesca Gany
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amirah Burton-Obanla
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anna E. Arthur
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gajardo-Araya G, Hernández-Jaña S, Olivares-Arancibia J, Ferrari G, Delgado-Floody P, Cristi-Montero C. Physical fitness mediates the inverse association between fatness indicators and academic achievement, despite the school vulnerability of adolescents—The Cogni-Action Project. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904831. [PMID: 36386944 PMCID: PMC9643798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the mediating role of physical fitness in the relationship between fatness indicators and academic achievement, exploring the influence of school vulnerability. Methods A total of 1,296 Chilean adolescents (aged 10 to 14 years; 50% girls) participated in this study. The global fitness score (GFS) was obtained by adding the three main components of the ALPHA fitness test: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed/agility fitness (SAF). CRF was evaluated through the 20 m shuttle run test; MF by upper and lower limb strength tests; and SAF by the 4 × 10 shuttle run test. BMIz and WHtR were evaluated as general (unspecific) and central (specific) fatness indicators. Academic achievement was established through grades in math, language, and science and their average scores. Multiple mediation analyses were performed according to two models, adjusted for sex, maturity, and schools (model 1), and in model 2, the school vulnerability index (SVI) was added. The SVI is an important proxy of socioeconomic status at the school level, and it was categorized as high-, mid-, or low-SVI. Mediation percentages were calculated, and confidence intervals (bootstrapping) were used to establish significant findings. Results CRF, SAF, and GFS mediate the relationship between fatness indicators and academic achievement, both partially and totally (ranging from 12.7 to 59.2%). However, MF did not show any mediation effect. After controlling for SVI, CRF, and GFS, mediation changed from partial to total in the associations between math and science with WHtR. Although SAF contributed to GFS mediation, CRF seems to have the most significant mediation role for all academic achievements, regardless of SVI and the fat indicator studied. Conclusion A higher level of general physical fitness, especially CRF, significantly mediates the detrimental influence of fatness on the academic achievement of schoolchildren. This study suggests that physical fitness plays a relevant role in academic and public health, considering the high prevalence and detrimental influence of obesity and school vulnerability in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gajardo-Araya
- Magíster en Educación, Mención Política y Gestión Educativa, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sam Hernández-Jaña
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Cristi-Montero,
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Association of Recess Provision With Elementary School-Aged Children's Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2022; 35:99-106. [PMID: 36150708 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2021-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify associations between amount of school recess provision and children's physical activity (PA), weight status, adiposity, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. METHOD Data from 6- to 11-year-old participants (n = 499) in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey were analyzed. Parents/guardians reported children's PA levels and recess provision, categorized as no/minimal (9.0%), low (26.1%), medium (46.0%), or high (18.9%). Children wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 days and completed anthropometric measurements. Fitness was assessed using grip strength and treadmill, pull-up, and plank tests. Cross-sectional linear and logistic regression compared outcomes across levels of recess provision adjusting for the survey's complex sampling design. RESULTS Children with high provision of recess were 2.31 times more likely to meet PA guidelines according to parent report than those with no/minimal recess. Accelerometer-measured PA followed a more U-shaped pattern, wherein PA was higher in children with high, compared to low, recess provision but comparable to those with no/minimal recess provision. There were no associations with weight status, adiposity, or fitness. CONCLUSION Current recess recommendations (20 min·d-1) may be insufficient as 30 minutes per day of recess was associated with a 2-fold greater likelihood of achieving recommended PA levels. Additional research on recess quantity and quality is needed.
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Tsolakis C, Cherouveim ED, Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Czvekus C, Halvatsiotis P, Savvidou O, Koulouvaris P. The Impact of Obesity on the Fitness Performance of School-Aged Children Living in Rural Areas-The West Attica Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811476. [PMID: 36141749 PMCID: PMC9517351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness in children living within rural areas (regional unit of West Attica) in Greece. Participants included 399 students (187 boys, 212 girls), ages 8-12 years old, and were evaluated in physical performance tests. The point prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.39% and 26.20% in boys, and 19.90% and 23.79% in girls. Significant differences were observed in all physical performance tests (handgrip, long jump, shuttle run, trunk flexors, and extensors endurance) between normal weight and obese participants. BMI was positively correlated with handgrip (r = 0.442-0.462, p < 0.001). There was a negative association with long jump (r = -0.206, p < 0.001), 20 m shuttle run (r = -0.394, p < 0.001), trunk flexors (r = -0.403, p < 0.001) and trunk extensors endurance (r = -0.280, p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that 20-30% of the overall variation for physical performance assessments could be accounted for by BMI, age, and sex. With the exception of the long jump and the endurance of the trunk extensors, BMI alone may explain more than 10% of the outcome of most tests. This study highlights the determinant of BMI on muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness. The management of obesity should begin early in childhood to prevent adult chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charilaos Tsolakis
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-693-275-5173
| | - Evgenia D. Cherouveim
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zacharias Skouras
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Cara Czvekus
- Health Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Savvidou
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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DeLacey S, Arzu J, Levin L, Ranganna A, Swamy A, Bianco ME. Impact of SARS-CoV2 on youth onset type 2 diabetes new diagnoses and severity. J Diabetes 2022; 14:532-540. [PMID: 36040204 PMCID: PMC9426273 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Initial reports show an increase in youth onset type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to expand on existing evidence by analyzing trends over a longer period. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to describe change in the amount, severity, and demographics of youth onset type 2 diabetes diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the five years before. METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional review of youth (age ≤ 21) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic (1 May 2020-30 April 2021) and the five years before (1 May 2015-30 April 2020) at a tertiary care center. Children were identified by International Classification of Diseases codes. Charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis. Chi-square, t tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used for analyses. RESULTS In the prepandemic era annual diagnoses of type 2 diabetes ranged from 41-69 (mean = 54.2), whereas during the pandemic period 159 children were diagnosed, an increase of 293%. The increase resulted in a higher incidence rate ratio during the pandemic than before, 2.77 versus 1.07 (p = .006). New diagnoses increased most, by 490%, in Non-Hispanic Black patients. The average HbA1c at presentation was higher during the pandemic (9.5% ± 2.6) (79.9 mmol/mol ± 28.2) than before (8.7%±2.1) (72.1 mmol/mol ± 23.1) (p = .003). Of those diagnosed during the pandemic, 59% were tested for COVID-19 and three tested positive. CONCLUSIONS New diagnoses of type 2 diabetes increased during the pandemic, most notably in Non-Hispanic Black youth. There was not a significant correlation found with clinical or biochemical COVID-19 infection in those tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean DeLacey
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer Arzu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Levin
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adesh Ranganna
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita Swamy
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica E Bianco
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wu M, Shu Y, Wang Y. Exposure to mixture of heavy metals and muscle strength in children and adolescents: a population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60269-60277. [PMID: 35419687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to heavy metals through various ways in daily life. However, the effect of heavy metal mixtures on muscle strength in children and adolescents remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship of exposure to heavy metal mixtures (barium, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, tin, thallium, tungsten, uranium, and cesium) with muscle strength in children and adolescents. A total of 1357 (boys, 50.8%) participants aged between 8 and 17 were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014. Urine metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Muscle strength was measured through a grip test using a handgrip dynamometer. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to estimate the mixture effect of urinary metals on muscle strength. After adjusting for potential confounders, comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quartiles of cobalt, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, thallium, and cesium, the handgrip strength decreased by - 4.48 kg (95% CI: - 6.93, - 2.03), - 6.13 kg (- 8.76, - 3.51), - 2.26 kg (- 4.22, - 0.30), - 2.38 kg (- 4.68, - 0.08), - 2.29 kg (- 4.45, - 0.13), - 4.78 kg (- 7.13, - 2.44), and - 5.68 kg (- 9.20, - 2.17), respectively. Furthermore, exposure to a mixture of metals were also significantly associated with decreased muscle strength (β: - 2.62 kg; 95% CI: - 3.71, - 1.54). Findings from the present study suggest that higher heavy metal exposure and the exposure levels of a mixture of metals in urine are inversely related to handgrip strength, implying that children's grip strength is not entirely explained by energy intake or lack of exercise, but may be related to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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18
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Palmer KK, Farquhar JM, Chinn KM, Robinson LE. Are Gross Motor Skill Interventions an Equitable Replacement for Outdoor Free Play Regarding Children's Physical Activity? Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:643-650. [PMID: 34978932 PMCID: PMC10428667 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211063261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if children engaged in equal amounts of physical activity during an established gross motor skill intervention (the Children's Health Activity Motor Program (CHAMP)) and outdoor free play. DESIGN Cross-sectional study; sample: Ninety-nine children (Mage = 4.21, 51% boys) were randomly divided into two movement environments: CHAMP (n = 55) or control/outdoor free play (n = 44). MEASURES Physical activity was assessed using GT3X+ Actigraph accelerometers worn on the waist across four mornings. Average physical activity across the four days during either CHAMP or outdoor free play was extracted and categorized as light, moderate, vigorous, or MVPA. Physical activity data were reduced in the Actilife software using the cutpoints from Evenson et al. ANALYSIS A 2 (treatment) x 2 (sex) mixed measures ANOVA was used to compare the amount of time children spent in light, moderate, vigorous, and MVPA. RESULTS There was a significant main effect for treatment for light PA (F(3,95) =13.60, P<.001, partial η2=.125), and post hoc t-tests support that children in the control/outdoor free play group engaged in more light PA compared with children in CHAMP (t95 = -3.75, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Results show that children in CHAMP engaged in less light PA but equal amounts of all other physical activity behaviors than their peers in outdoor free play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K. Palmer
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Leah E. Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Carlos BS, Mireia AR, María Reyes BV, Diego MU. Independent and combined influence of physical fitness components on self-esteem in adolescents: DADOS study. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:550-556. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2032337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Sospedra Carlos
- Universtiy Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
- LIFE Research Group, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Adelantado-Renau Mireia
- Universtiy Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
- LIFE Research Group, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
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Early-life activities mediate the association between family socioeconomic status in early childhood and physical fitness in early adolescence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 34996964 PMCID: PMC8742039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The graded association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness is evident, but little is known about the mechanism underlying this association. This study investigated the role of early-life activities as mediators of the longitudinal relationship between early-life SES and health-related physical fitness in 168 adolescents (51.2% boys; final mean age: 12.4 years old). In Wave 1 (2011–12), their parents completed questionnaires about family socioeconomic status (SES), parent–child activities, and child screen time. In Wave 2 (2014–15), participants’ physical activity levels were assessed through parent proxy-reports. In Wave 3 (2018–19), a direct assessment of handgrip strength, standing long-jump, and 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance was conducted. After controlling for demographic factors, results of mediation analyses revealed that (a) Wave 1 SES predicted Wave 3 long-jump and 6MWT performance; (b) child physical activity level in Wave 2 mediated the relation between Wave 1 SES and standing long-jump performance in Wave 3; and (c) recreational parent–child activities and child screen time in wave 1 mediated the relation between Wave 1 SES and 6MWT performance in Wave 3. Our findings suggest that the type and frequency of early-life activities play a role in the graded association between childhood SES and physical fitness in adolescence.
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Basterfield L, Burn NL, Galna B, Karoblyte G, Weston KL. The association between physical fitness, sports club participation and body mass index on health-related quality of life in primary school children from a socioeconomically deprived area of England. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101557. [PMID: 34976625 PMCID: PMC8683957 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between physical fitness components, body mass index (BMI) and sports club participation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 8- to 11-year-old children from a socioeconomically deprived region of England. From May-October 2019, 432 children completed the HRQoL questionnaire Kidscreen-27 and Leisure Time Physical Activity Survey, and a physical fitness testing battery of 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT), handgrip strength (Handgrip), standing broad jump (Broad Jump), and sit-and-reach. Height, body mass, BMI and somatic maturity data were collected. Comparisons with reference populations were undertaken using a quintile framework. Linear and quantile regression assessed associations between physical fitness components and HRQoL variables. Using English Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 90% of children were from the most deprived quintile and 39% were overweight or obese. More children scored poorly on the Physical Wellbeing (40%) and Psychological Wellbeing (45%) HRQoL domains than the reference population (31%). Physical fitness scores were generally classed as 'low'-'very low' (42-58%). 20mSRT and Broad Jump performance explained an additional 10.7% of variance in Physical Wellbeing after adjusting for BMI z-score, sex and age (total R2 21.2%). Quantile regression identified a subset of children who rated Physical Wellbeing as high regardless of 20mSRT performance. Sports club participation was associated with better 20mSRT and Broad Jump performance, and all domains of HRQoL. Our data indicate that some physical fitness components and sports club participation are positively associated with HRQoL of children from socioeconomically deprived areas, irrespective of BMI z-score. Interventions to improve HRQoL should consider both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Basterfield
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Naomi L Burn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Constantine Building, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Brook Galna
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Guoda Karoblyte
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kathryn L Weston
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
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22
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Africa E, Stryp OV, Musálek M. The Influence of Cultural Experiences on the Associations between Socio-Economic Status and Motor Performance as Well as Body Fat Percentage of Grade One Learners in Cape Town, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 35010376 PMCID: PMC8750979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental movement skills (FMS), physical fitness (PF) and body fat percentage (BF%) are significantly related to socio-economic status (SES). However, it remains unclear why previous studies have had different findings regarding the direction of the association between SES and FMS, PF and BF%. A suggested explanation is that the direction of the link can be influenced by cultural experiences and traditions. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate links between SES and FMS, PF, BF% of Grade One learners from two different ethno-geographic areas in Cape Town, South Africa. Grade One children (n = 191) (n = 106 boys and n = 85 girls; age (6.7 ± 0.33)) from different socio-economic areas in Cape Town, South Africa, were selected to participate in the study. South African schools are classified into five different quintiles (1 = poorest and 5 = least poor public schools). For this study, two schools were selected, one from quintile 2 and the other from quintile 5. BF% was assessed according to Slaughter's equation. FMS were measured using the Gross Motor Development Test-2 (TGMD-2) and PF via five tests: 1. dynamic strength of lower limb (broad jump); 2. dynamic strength of upper limb and trunk (throwing a tennis ball); 3. speed agility (4 × 10 m shuttle running); 4. cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run endurance test (Leger test)) and 5. flexibility (sit and reach test). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) found that BF% and WHtR were significantly greater in children with higher SES (Z = 6.04 p < 0.001; Hedg = 0.54), (Z = 3.89 p < 0.001; Hedg = 0.32). Children with lower SES achieved significantly better TGMD-2 standard scores in the locomotor subtest, compared to their peers with higher SES. In the object control subtest, no significant SES-related difference was found. However, ANCOVA showed that girls performed better in FMS than boys. In PF, the main effect of SES was observed in dynamic strength of trunk and upper limb (throwing) and flexibility, where children with lower SES performed significantly better. No significant difference was found in cardiorespiratory performance (CRP) (Beep test), even though children with lower SES achieved better results. Results from the current study suggest that links between SES, PF, FMS and body fat percentage in children seem to be dependent on cultural and traditional experiences. These experiences should therefore be included as an important factor for the development of programmes and interventions to enhance children's lifelong motor behaviour and health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Africa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (E.A.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Odelia Van Stryp
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (E.A.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Martin Musálek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 31 Praha 6, 162 52 Veleslavín, Czech Republic
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Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111445. [PMID: 34769962 PMCID: PMC8582797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a plethora of positive health effects. Many UK children fail to meet the recommended level of PA, with an observed decline in CRF levels over recent decades. Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is responsible for a significant proportion of the worldwide burden of disease, but little is understood regarding the impact of SHS exposure on CRF and PA in children. The aim of this study was to test the associations between SHS exposure and CRF, PA, and respiratory health in children. METHOD Children (9-11 years) from UK primary schools in deprived areas participated (n = 104, 38 smoking households). Surveys determined household smoking, and exhaled carbon monoxide was used to indicate children's recent SHS exposure. CRF (VO2peak) was assessed via maximal treadmill protocol using breath-by-breath analysis. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and spirometry were utilised as indicators of respiratory health. RESULTS Linear regression models demonstrated that SHS exposure was negatively associated with allometrically scaled VO2peak (B = -3.8, p = 0.030) but not PA or respiratory health. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SHS is detrimental to children's CRF; given that approximately one-third of children are regularly exposed to SHS, this important finding has implications for both public health and the sport and exercise sciences.
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Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082672. [PMID: 34444832 PMCID: PMC8402068 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child’s parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child’s lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (β −0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (β −0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (β −0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (β −0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent’s marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.
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Children of Smoking and Non-Smoking Households' Perceptions of Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Exercise. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070552. [PMID: 34206729 PMCID: PMC8307148 DOI: 10.3390/children8070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown secondhand tobacco smoke to be detrimental to children’s health. This qualitative study aimed to explore children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families and their reasons for being physically active, attitudes towards physical activity (PA), fitness and exercise, perceived barriers and facilitators to PA, self-perceptions of fitness and physical ability, and how these differ for children from smoking and non-smoking households. A total of 38 children (9–11 years; 50% female; 42% smoking households) from the deprived areas of North West England participated in focus groups (n = 8), which were analysed by utilizing thematic analysis. The findings support hypothesised mediators of PA in children including self-efficacy, enjoyment, perceived benefit, and social support. Fewer than a quarter of all children were aware of the PA guidelines with varying explanations, while the majority of children perceived their own fitness to be high. Variances also emerged between important barriers (e.g., sedentary behaviour and environmental factors) and facilitators (e.g., psychological factors and PA opportunity) for children from smoking and non-smoking households. This unique study provided a voice to children from low SES and smoking households and these child perspectives could be used to create relevant and effective strategies for interventions to improve PA, fitness, and health.
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Associations Between Household Socioeconomic Status, Car Ownership, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in South African Primary Schoolchildren Living in Marginalized Communities. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:883-894. [PMID: 34172589 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known whether physical activity (PA)-promoting environments are equally accessible to children with divergent socioeconomic status (SES) in low-/middle-income countries. The authors, therefore, examined whether South African children from poorer versus wealthier families living in marginalized communities differed in moderate to vigorous PA and cardiorespiratory fitness. We also tested associations between family car ownership and PA/cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Parents/guardians of 908 children (49% girls, mean age = 8.3 [1.4] y) completed a survey on household SES. PA was assessed via 7-day accelerometry, parental and child self-reports, and cardiorespiratory fitness with the 20-m shuttle run test. RESULTS Based on accelerometry, most children met current moderate to vigorous PA recommendations (≥60 min/d). About 73% of the children did not engage in structured physical education lessons. Whereas children of the lowest SES quintile accumulated higher levels of device-based moderate to vigorous PA, peers from the highest SES quintile engaged in more sedentary behaviors, but self-reported higher engagement in sports, dance, and moving games after school. Families' car ownership was associated with higher parent/self-reported leisure-time PA. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding is needed about why wealthier children are more sedentary, but simultaneously engage in more leisure-time PA. The fact that access to structural physical education is denied to most children is critical and needs to be addressed.
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Scholes S, Mindell JS. Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the USA: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040540. [PMID: 33589448 PMCID: PMC7887356 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantify income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the USA by sex. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 4019 adolescents aged 11-15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12-17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Three aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none) and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA active). Using hurdle models, inequalities were quantified using the absolute difference in marginal means (average marginal effects). RESULTS In England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last 7 days (boys: 11%; 95% CI 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95% CI 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6 min/day, 95% CI 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21 min/day; 95% CI 10 to 33), while boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21 min/week; 95% CI 8 to 34). In the USA, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15 min/day; 95% CI 6 to 24; girls: 19 min/day; 95% CI 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95% CI 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95% CI 3% to 17%) and do more. CONCLUSIONS Policy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the USA. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (USA) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Scholes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
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[Determinants of health in adolescence: cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:697-703. [PMID: 33720742 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition are determining indicators of health status during adolescence. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of both parameters with indicators of mental and psychosocial health, lifestyle habits, and sociodemographic variables, establishing their predictive factors. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years old) from 25 educational centers in a northern region of Spain. Body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, hours of nightly sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity engagement, academic performance, and different sociodemographic factors were analyzed for all participants. Results: the results determined that being a boy, being younger, sleeping fewer hours at night, and presenting a lower academic performance were predictors of suffering from obesity, while being younger and being a migrant were predictors of being overweight. On the other hand, lower physical activity engagement, poorer academic performance, being a migrant, and not practicing extracurricular sports activities were predictive factors of cardiorespiratory fitness in the risk zone. In addition, the environment for performing physical activity and socioeconomic level also showed associations with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: given the influence of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness on the physical and psychosocial health of adolescents, promotion strategies are required that take into account the identified predictors, with special attention to promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249569. [PMID: 33371346 PMCID: PMC7767348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the physical fitness level and weight status of children and adolescents in China and Japan. Children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were recruited (China: n = 5660; Japan: n = 5660). Physical fitness was assessed using seven core items—grip strength, 30-s sit-ups, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 20-s repeated straddling, 20-m shuttle run test, and 50-m dash. A physical fitness index (PFI) was calculated by adding all items’ Z-scores. We conducted comparisons of PFI and its distribution, each physical fitness item, and weight status for individuals from China and Japan across all ages. The PFI was lower in China than in Japan for all age groups, with an especially large difference at age 18 years for boys (a difference of 9.05) and girls (a difference of 9.10) (p < 0.001). The same result was seen for the seven items. The PFI distribution for children and adolescents was more disperse among those in Japan than among those in China. Obesity prevalence was 2.84 times higher in China than in Japan. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between physical fitness and nutritional status. Children and adolescents showed markedly lower physical fitness and higher obesity prevalence in China than in Japan.
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Fu Y, Burns RD, Brusseau TA, Zhang P, Constantino N. Influence of meeting weekday and weekend step count recommendations on weight statusin children. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:808-814. [PMID: 33172341 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1847489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meeting step count recommendations during the weekday and weekend and the weight status in school-aged children. A convenience sample of 855 fourth and fifth grade students (9.7 ± 1.0 years) was recruited from 4 elementary schools located in the Western United States. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using standard procedures and then stratified to weight status categories (healthy weight, overweight/obese) using age- and sex-specific percentiles. Step counts were monitored for seven consecutive days using NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers. A multilevel generalized linear mixed effect model was used to estimate the odds ratios of meeting segmented step counts recommendations and weight status. Students meeting weekday step count recommendations associated with 39% lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to those not meeting any recommendations (P = 0.02). Those meeting both weekday and weekend recommendations associated with 67% lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to children not meeting any recommendations (P = 0.01). Meeting weekend step count recommendations did not associate with weight status. This study supports the positive relationship between segmented step counts and the healthy weight status of school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Nora Constantino
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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Bou-Sospedra C, Adelantado-Renau M, Beltran-Valls MR, Moliner-Urdiales D. Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Risk of Depression in Adolescents: Dados Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124316. [PMID: 32560324 PMCID: PMC7345278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting around 5% of adolescents. Physical fitness is considered a powerful marker of physical and mental health. The scientific results on the relationship between physical fitness and depression in the adolescent population are mixed. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyse the association between objectively assessed physical fitness and self-rated risk of depression in a group of adolescents. A total of 225 participants (44% girls), aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years, from the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud (DADOS) study were included in the analyses. Field-based Assessing Levels of Physical fitness and Health in Adolescents (ALPHA) health-related fitness test battery was used to objectively assess physical fitness components. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) level 3 was used to evaluate self-rated risk of depression. Our results showed that self-rated risk of depression was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.172), as well as positively associated with body mass index (β = 0.146) and waist circumference (β = 0.137) (all p < 0.05). Adolescents with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness had significantly higher odds of self-rated risk of depression (OR = 7.17; 95% CI, 1.51–33.95). These findings suggest that health-related physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition, is associated with depression in adolescents.
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