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Kawama R, Takahashi K, Tozawa H, Obata T, Fujii N, Arai A, Hojo T, Wakahara T. Muscle morphological changes and enhanced sprint running performance: A 1-year observational study of well-trained sprinters. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1228-1239. [PMID: 39223954 PMCID: PMC11369333 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cross-sectional studies have attempted to identify the muscle morphology required to achieve high sprint velocity. Our longitudinal study addressed an unanswered question of cross-sectional studies: whether hypertrophy of the individual trunk and thigh muscles induced by daily training (e.g., sprint, jump, and resistance training) is linked to an improvement in sprint performance within well-trained sprinters. Twenty-three collegiate male sprinters (100-m best time of 11.36 ± 0.44 s) completed their daily training for 1 year without our intervention. Before and after the observation period, the sprint velocities at 0-100 m, 0-10 m, and 50-60 m intervals were measured using timing gates. The volumes of 14 trunk and thigh muscles were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle volumes were normalized to the participants' body mass at each time point. Sprint velocities increased at the 0-100 m (p < 0.001), 0-10 m (p = 0.019), and 50-60 m (p = 0.018) intervals after the observation period. The relative volumes of the tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris short head, semitendinosus, and iliacus were increased (all p < 0.050). Among the hypertrophied muscles, only the change in the relative volume of the semitendinosus was positively correlated with the change in sprint velocity at the 50-60 m interval (p = 0.018 and ρ = 0.591). These findings suggest that semitendinosus hypertrophy seems to be associated with sprint performance improvement within well-trained sprinters during the maximal velocity phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Kawama
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
- Organization for Research Initiatives and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Katsuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Hironoshin Tozawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Takafumi Obata
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Norifumi Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Aya Arai
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Hojo
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
| | - Taku Wakahara
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe‐shiKyotoJapan
- Human Performance LaboratoryWaseda UniversitySaitamaJapan
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Sašek M, Cvjetičanin O, Šarabon N. The validity and reliability of a hydraulic resistance device for assessing resisted sprint time. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1386882. [PMID: 39119511 PMCID: PMC11306090 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1386882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a hydraulic resistance device (HRD) for monitoring sprint split times under different loads within and between sessions. Methods Three 20-m sprints with low (15 N), medium-low (40 N), medium-high (50 N), and high (130 N) HRD resistance levels (loads) were performed on two separate occasions 14 days apart. Twenty-four student athletes (24.8 ± 3.8 years) participated in the first session and 13 (24.1 ± 3.2 years) of them in the second session. Resisted sprints split times over a distance of 0-20 m (t0-5, t0-10, t0-20, t5-10, t10-15, t15-20) were measured simultaneously with magnetic incremental encoder embedded in the HRD and a system of single-beam timing gates. Results The results showed acceptable to high within session (ICC3,1 = 0.91-0.99; CV = 0.92%-3.38%) and between session (ICC3,1 = 0.82-0.99; CV = 1.62%-4.84%) reliability of HRD for measuring all split times at all loads. The minimal detectable change between sessions ranged from 3.3% at high load to 9.9% at low load. The HRD systematically underestimated timing gates times at all loads (bias = 2.01-11.08%), yet good to excellent consistency was observed between the HRD and timing gates, specifically for t0-10 and t0-20 (ICC3,k lower 95% CI = 0.84-0.99). Discussion Due to high reliability and good validity in monitoring resisted sprint times, the HRD holds potential for practical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Sašek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Oskar Cvjetičanin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
- Human Health, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
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Multhuaptff W, Fernández-Peña E, Moreno-Villanueva A, Soler-López A, Rico-González M, Manuel Clemente F, Bravo-Cucci S, Pino-Ortega J. Concurrent-Validity and Reliability of Photocells in Sport: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet 2024; 92:53-71. [PMID: 38736609 PMCID: PMC11079923 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/174285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific physical qualities such as sprint running, change-of-direction or jump height are determinants of sports performance. Photocell systems are practical and easy to use systems to assess the time from point A to point B. In addition, these photoelectric systems are also used to obtain the time of vertically displaced movements. Knowing the accuracy and precision of photocell timing can be a determinant of ensuring a higher quality interpretation of results and of selecting the most appropriate devices for specific objectives. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize studies that have examined the validity and reliability of photocells in sport sciences. A systematic review of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 164 studies initially identified, 16 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Photocells appear to have a strong agreement with force plates (gold standard), but are not interchangeable to measure the vertical jump. For monitoring horizontal displacement, double beam systems, compared to single beam systems, are more valid and reliable when it comes to avoiding false triggers caused by swinging arms or legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilhelmn Multhuaptff
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas – UPC, Lima, Perú
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Moreno-Villanueva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Alejandro Soler-López
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sergio Bravo-Cucci
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas – UPC, Lima, Perú
- School of Rehabilitation Therapies, Faculty of Medical Technology, Federico Villarreal National University, Lima, Peru
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Thome M, Thorpe RT, Jordan MJ, Nimphius S. Validity of Global Positioning System Technology to Measure Maximum Velocity Sprinting in Elite Sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2438-2442. [PMID: 38015733 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Thome, M, Thorpe, RT, Jordan, MJ, and Nimphius, S. Validity of global positioning system (GPS) technology to measure maximum velocity sprinting in elite sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2438-2442, 2023-The objective of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of 10-Hz wearable Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure maximum velocity sprinting (Vmax) relative to Doppler radar in elite sprinters. Data were collected from a single training session performed by elite 100 and 200 m sprinters (males: n = 5; 100 m best times: 10.02 ± 0.07 seconds, range: 9.94-10.10 seconds; 200 m best times: 20.29 ± 0.42 seconds, range: 19.85-20.80 seconds; females: n = 2; age: 28.0 ± 4.2 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 4.6 kg; 100 m best times: 11.18 ± 0.34 seconds; 200 m best times: 22.53 ± 0.04 seconds). Velocity and time data from 16 maximal, 60-m sprint efforts were recorded simultaneously with 10 Hz GPS and 47 Hz radar. Validity was assessed using Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), each with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Vmax measured with 10 Hz GPS demonstrated a LOA of -0.11 m·s-1 (-0.17, -0.05) and an ICC of 0.99 (0.98, 1.0) relative to the radar device.10 Hz GPS overestimated Vmax by 0.11 m·s-1 relative to the radar but could still be considered a suitable tool for monitoring external load in elite sprinters. However, the much smaller average annual improvement in this population (∼0.1-0.2%) in comparison with the ∼1% overestimation reduces the utility of 10 Hz GPS to detect meaningful performance changes in maximum velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thome
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
- Nebraska Athletic Performance Lab, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Robin T Thorpe
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Matthew J Jordan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
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Gavala M, Bassa E, Zetou E, Smilios I, Douda H. Effect of integrative neuromuscular training and detraining on performance indices in young female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1285-1294. [PMID: 37736664 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to determine the effect of: 1) integrative neuromuscular training (INT); and 2) detraining on power and skill performance indices in young female volleyball players. METHODS Sixty-one pre- and early pubescent female volleyball players participated in this study divided into two groups, integrative neuromuscular training (INTG) and control (CG). The INTG followed a 12-week INT program twice weekly and both groups participated in volleyball training sessions. During 8-week detraining, both groups keep practicing volleyball. Participants were assessed on upper and lower limb power and skill accuracy tests prior, at the end and 8 weeks after INT. A repeated measures Analysis of Variance was used to examine groups' changes in performance for each variable and significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS INTG improved all power parameters more than CG after 12 weeks of INT (significant interaction, P<0.001) whilst the CG improved only countermovement jump (CMJ) height (P<0.05) and medicine ball (MB) throw (P<0.05). Both groups improved their technical skills accuracy (P<0.001) with INTG presenting higher improvements (P<0.001). During detraining, INTG maintained performance gains in CMJ and Cod (P<0.001). MB throw distance and technical skills accuracy kept on improving for both groups (P<0.01) with higher improvements observed in INTG (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS INT may cause improvements in specific power and skill performance indices during in season training in young female volleyball players which may be maintained or even improved for at least 8-week detraining when players remain active through volleyball training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavala
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Eleni Bassa
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | - Eleni Zetou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Helen Douda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
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Foqha BM, Schwesig R, Ltifi MA, Bartels T, Hermassi S, Aouadi R. A 10-week FIFA 11+ program improves the short-sprint and modified agility T-test performance in elite seven-a-side soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236223. [PMID: 38098808 PMCID: PMC10719933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of 10 weeks of FIFA 11+ training on the physical performance of elite seven-a-side soccer players. Methods: Twenty-five seven-a-side soccer players were recruited from two senior national teams. The players completed the following protocols during 10 weeks of training: a) FIFA 11+: The FIFA group (n = 13) underwent the FIFA 11+ program combined with regular soccer training; b) Dynamic conventional warm-up: The control group (n = 12) underwent regular soccer training. Their ability was validated using a pre-test followed by a post-test to measure the sprint performance (5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints), a modified agility T-test (MAT), and a five-jump test (FJT). Results: A comparison of pre- and post-tests for physical performance in each group demonstrated that the FIFA 11+ warm-up significantly improved the 10-m sprinting performance (p = 0.034; F = 5.04; ηp 2 = 0.17) and reduced the time spent to perform the MAT (p = 0.000; F = 23.16; ηp 2 = 0.52) in the FIFA group compared with the control group; however, no significant changes were observed in the 5- and 20-m sprints and FJT. Conclusion: The main findings of this research showed that the 10-week FIFA 11+ program led to significant improvements in the 10-m sprint and MAT compared to regular training among elite seven-a-side soccer players. Given these positive outcomes, further studies on the practical implementation and optimization of the FIFA 11+ program are warranted to provide valuable guidance for coaches and athletes, seeking to maximize its benefits in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mohammed Foqha
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohamed Amine Ltifi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Center of Joint Surgery, MVZ Sports Clinic Halle GmbH, Halle, Germany
| | - Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridha Aouadi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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Change of Direction Deficit: A Promising Method to Measure a Change of Direction Ability in Adolescent Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet 2023; 85:1-11. [PMID: 36643838 PMCID: PMC9808811 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between vertical jumping performance, linear speed, change of direction speed (CODs) time and the COD deficit (CODD) in adolescent basketball players and to analyze the CODD between faster and slower players based on linear speed performance. Thirty-eight male basketball players (age: 15.47 ± 0.51 years; body height: 185.19 ± 5.67 cm; body mass: 71.87 ± 7.29 kg) completed countermovement jumps (CMJ) with and without an arm swing, squat jumps (SJs), linear sprints at 20 m with split times at 5 and 10 m, the pro-agility test and the zig-zag tests. Furthermore, the CODD was calculated as the difference between the 20 m linear speed result and CODs time in both COD tests. Pearson and Spearman analyses were used to determine the correlations between power-speed-related variables and the CODD. Moreover, independent t-tests and Cohen's d effect size (ES) were used to analyze the differences between the faster and slower players in the CODD. Moderate to strong significant negative correlations were observed between the CODD in the pro-agility test and linear speed at 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m (r = -0.55 to -0.46), while moderate negative significant correlation was found between the zig-zag CODD and SJs (r = -0.37) as well as small positive significant correlation between the CODD in the zig-zag test and the eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) (r = 0.23). Additionally, faster basketball players displayed significantly higher CODD values performing the pro-agility test. In summary, these findings underline the complexity of COD performance and the importance of remodeling traditional training programs in basketball players.
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Ripley NJ, Cuthbert M, Comfort P, McMahon JJ. Effect of additional Nordic hamstring exercise or sprint training on the modifiable risk factors of hamstring strain injuries and performance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281966. [PMID: 36862645 PMCID: PMC9980768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has commonly been investigated in isolation, however, within practice multiple modalities are commonly incorporated. However, the NHE has a low level of compliance within sport, with sprinting being potentially being preferred. The present study aimed to observe the effect of a lower-limb program with either additional NHE or sprinting on the modifiable risk factors hamstring strain injury (HSI) and athletic performance. 38 collegiate athletes were randomly assigned into three groups: control standardised lower-limb training program (n = 10 (2 female, 8 male), age = 23.50 ± 2.95 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.09 m, mass 77.66 ± 11.82 kg), additional NHE (n = 15 (7 female, 8 male), age = 21.40 ± 2.64 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.04 m, mass 76.95 ± 14.20 kg) and additional sprinting (n = 13 (4 female, 9 male), age = 22.15 ± 2.54 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.05 m, mass 70.55 ± 7.84 kg). All participants performed a standardised lower-limb training program twice per week for seven weeks, including Olympic lifting derivatives, squatting movements, and the Romanian deadlift, with experimental groups performing with either additional sprinting or NHE. Bicep femoris architecture, eccentric hamstring strength, jump performance, lower-limb maximal strength and sprint ability were measured pre and post. All training groups demonstrated significant (p < 0.001), small-moderate increases in Bicep femoris architecture (g = 0.60-1.22), with significant (p < 0.001), small-large increases in absolute and relative eccentric peak force (g = 0.60-1.84). Significant and small increases were observed in take-off velocity and mean propulsion force (p < 0.02, g = 0.47-0.64), with non-significant and small increases for both the sprint and control training groups for mean propulsion force (p > 0.05, g = 0.42-0.50). Nordic and sprint training groups had significant and small increases in peak absolute and relative net force (p < 0.001, g = 0.44-0.60). The control group had a non-significant trivial increase in absolute peak net force (p > 0.05, g = 0.22), with a significant and small increase in relative peak relative net force (p = 0.034, g = 0.48). Significant and small decreases for the NHE and sprinting training groups was observed for 0-10 m, 0-20 m, and 10-20 m sprint time (p < 0.010, g = 0.47-0.71). Performing multiple modalities, with either additional NHE or sprinting, as part of a complete resistance training program was superiorly effective for measures of modifiable risk factors HSI, with similar increases observed in measures of athletic performance derived from the standardised lower-limb training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Ripley
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew Cuthbert
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
- The Football Association Group, St George’s Park, Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Comfort
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - John J. McMahon
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Asimakidis ND, Dalamitros AA, Ribeiro J, Lola AC, Manou V. Maturation Stage Does Not Affect Change of Direction Asymmetries in Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:3440-3445. [PMID: 36417358 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Asimakidis, ND, Dalamitros, AA, Ribeiro, J, Lola, AC, and Manou, V. Μaturation stage does not affect change of direction asymmetries in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3440-3445, 2022-This study examined whether the stage of biological maturation can affect interlimb asymmetries during a change of direction (COD) test. Seventy-six young soccer players were divided into 2 different groups according to their peak height velocity stage (PHV): pre-PHV (n = 45, age = 11.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 149.8 ± 9.3 cm, body mass = 43.9 ± 11.2 kg) and post-PHV (n = 31, age = 14.4 ± 0.9 years, height = 170.0 ± 4.9 cm, body mass = 61.5 ± 8.9 kg). Subjects performed a 505 test to measure the completion time in both directions and a 20-m maximum sprint test. Change of direction deficit (CODD) was used as a measure for isolating COD ability. An independent sample t-test detected no significant differences between the asymmetry index values for the 505 test completion time when the pre-PHV group and the post-PHV group were compared (-3.49 ± 2.49% vs. -3.45 ± 2.47%, effect size [ES] = 0.02, p = 0.923). Similarly, the CODD asymmetry index indicated no differences between the 2 groups (-8.21 ± 5.95% vs. -7.37 ± 5.12%, ES = 0.15, p = 0.457). A paired sample t-test revealed that the values of the CODD asymmetry index were larger than those of the 505 asymmetry index (-7.88 ± 5.61% vs. -3.49 ± 2.46%, ES = 1.09, p < 0.001). According to these results, maturational status has no influence on the interlimb asymmetries of COD ability. Furthermore, subjects showed greater asymmetry values in CODD compared with the 505 test completion time, reinforcing that the evaluation of COD asymmetries should be based on CODD. As interlimb asymmetries are not altered during the maturation process, practitioners should address abnormal COD asymmetries early on during athletes' development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos D Asimakidis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios A Dalamitros
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - João Ribeiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal ; and.,University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Portugal
| | - Afroditi C Lola
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Manou
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ferná Ortega JA, Mendoza Romero D, Sarmento H, Prieto Mondragón L, Rodríguez Buitrago JA. Relationship between Dynamic and Isometric Strength, Power, Speed, and Average Propulsive Speed of Recreational Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040079. [PMID: 36278740 PMCID: PMC9589991 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the type of relationship between measures of maximal force (dynamic and isometric), maximal power, and mean propulsive velocity. In total, 355 recreational athletes, 96 women (age 20.5 ± 2.5 years; height 158.2 ± 17.3 cm; weight 61.8 ± 48.4 kg) and 259 men (age 21.0 ± 2.6 years; height 170.5 ± 12.6 cm; weight 65.9 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated in three sessions separated by 72 h each in isometric midthigh pull exercise (ISOS) (kg), bench press maximum strength (1RM MSBP) (kg), jump height (CMJ) (m), and maximum pedaling power (WT) the maximum squat strength (1RM MSS) (kg), the mean propulsive velocity in the bench press (MPVBP) (m·s-1), and the peak power (PPBP) (w), mean propulsive squat velocity (MPVS) (m·s-1), peak power (PP) (w), maximum handgrip force (ISOHG) (kg), and 30 m movement speed (V30) (s). Significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01) were identified between 95% of the various manifestations of force, and only 5% presented a significance of p ≤ 0.05; however, when the magnitude of these correlations is observed, there is great heterogeneity. In this sense, the dynamic strength tests present the best correlations with the other strength and power tests used in the present study, followed by PPBP and PP. The results of this study complement what is reported in the literature regarding the correlation between different types of force manifestations being heterogeneous and contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Alejandro Ferná Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Street 72 #11-86, Bogotá 110321, Colombia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +571-300-207-9453
| | - Dario Mendoza Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Street 69 #15-40, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura Prieto Mondragón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
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11
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Relationship between Performance and Inter-Limb Asymmetries Using Flywheel Resistance Device in Elite Youth Female Basketball Players. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060812. [PMID: 35741333 PMCID: PMC9220670 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to quantify inter-limb asymmetries from unilateral jumps, change of direction (COD) speed, and flywheel resistance skill tests and to examine their relationship with physical performance in a sample of elite youth female basketball players. Eleven female basketball players (age = 17.56 ± 0.60 year; body mass = 75.13 ± 12.37 kg; height = 1.83 ± 0.08 m; BMI = 22.42 ± 2.28; sports experience = 6.31 ± 1.73 year; years post-peak height velocity = 4.79 ± 0.68 year) performed a battery of fitness tests in the post-season consisting of the Single Leg Countermovement Jump in vertical (SLCJ-V), horizontal (SLCJ-H), and lateral (SLCJ-L) directions, 135° and 90° COD tests, and four skills (acceleration step, deceleration step, sidestep, and crossover step) with an flywheel resistance device. The results showed significant differences between the higher performing and lower performing limbs across all tasks (p < 0.05). The mean asymmetry index values ranged from 1.26% (COD 135°) to 11.75% (SLC-V). Inter-limb asymmetries were greatest during the flywheel resistance skills. Spearman’s correlations (ρ) for all tests were only significant for inter-limb asymmetries during the sidestep test and reduced performance in SLCJ-L (ρ = −0.61; p = 0.046) and all COD deficits (ρ range = −0.72 to −0.81). The findings of the present study showed that inter-limb asymmetries are task-specific in female youth basketball players and suggest that the use of flywheel devices can be included in the battery of tests to detect inter-limb asymmetry.
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12
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Speed, Change of Direction Speed, and Lower Body Power in Young Athletes and Nonathletes According to Maturity Stage. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020242. [PMID: 35204962 PMCID: PMC8870187 DOI: 10.3390/children9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the role of maturation on the development of physical performance in adolescent athletes and nonathletes. The total studied sample consisted of 231 participants (131 athletes: 72 boys with an average chronological age of 13.53 ± 0.7 and 59 girls with an average chronological age of 11.97 ± 0.8; 100 nonathletes: 47 boys with an average chronological age of 13.73 ± 0.47 and 53 girls with an average chronological age of 11.93 ± 0.33), distributed according to their biological maturity stage (Pre-, Mid-, and Post-Peak Height Velocity [PHV]) and to their gender. The assessment of physical performance was performed using the following tests: Countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJA), squat jump (SJ), five-jump test (5JT), 5 m sprint (5 m), 10 m sprint (10 m), 20 m sprint (20 m), T-test, Zig Zag, and Slalom. The differences in athletes according to biological maturity were identified in all variables except for 5 m (p = 0.33) and Slalom (p = 0.07), while in nonathletes the differences were found in 5JT (p = 0.01), 5 m (p = 0.02), 10 m (p = 0.01), and 20 m (p = 0.01) tests. Additionally, a significant interaction of gender and biological maturity was detected for CMJ (p = 0.03), CMJA (p = 0.01), and Zig Zag (p = 0.05) in athletes. The findings of the current study confirm the importance of maturity status in the assessment of physical performance. As a consequence, a more rational selection of talented athletes could be provided, also enabling the timely development of physical performance in nonathletes as a “window of opportunity”.
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13
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Jones PA, Dos'Santos T, McMahon JJ, Graham-Smith P. Contribution of Eccentric Strength to Cutting Performance in Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:525-533. [PMID: 31800471 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Jones, PA, Dos'Santos, T, McMahon, JJ, and Graham-Smith, P. Contribution of eccentric strength to cutting performance in female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 525-533, 2022-The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of eccentric strength to performance of a 70-90° cutting task (CUT) (time to complete: 5 m approach, 70-90° cut, 3 m exit). Nineteen female soccer players (mean ± SD age, height, and mass; 21.7 ± 4.3 years, 1.67 ± 0.07 m, and 60.5 ± 6.1 kg) from the top 2 tiers of English women's soccer participated in the study. Each player performed 6 trials of the CUT task whereby three-dimensional motion data from 10 Qualisys proreflex cameras (240 Hz) and ground reaction forces from 2 Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc. force platforms (1,200 Hz) were collected. Relative eccentric knee extensor (ECC-KE) and flexor peak moments (ECC-KF) were collected from both limbs at 60°·s-1 using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that minimum center of mass (CM) and approach velocities (CM velocity at touchdown of penultimate foot contact) could explain 82% (79% adjusted) of the variation in CUT completion time (F(1,16) = 36.086, p < 0.0001). ECC-KE was significantly (p < 0.05) moderately associated (R ≥ 0.610) with velocities at key instances during the CUT. High (upper 50th percentile) ECC-KE individuals (n = 9) had significantly (p ≤ 0.01; d ≥ 1.34) greater velocities at key instances during the CUT. The findings suggest that individuals with higher ECC-KE produce faster CUT performance, by approaching with greater velocity and maintaining a higher velocity during penultimate and final contact, as they are better able to tolerate the larger loads associated with a faster approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Jones
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - John J McMahon
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom; and
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14
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Woodhouse LN, Tallent J, Patterson SD, Waldron M. International female rugby union players' anthropometric and physical performance characteristics: A five-year longitudinal analysis by individual positional groups. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:370-378. [PMID: 34706619 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1993656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal changes in anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of International female rugby union players were evaluated across 5-seasons, according to field position. Sixty-eight international female rugby union players from a top 2 ranked international team, undertook anthropometric and physical performance measurements across five seasons. Anthropometric and physical performance changes occurred, with skinfolds decreasing between 2015 and 2017 and body mass increasing between 2017 and 2019. Single-leg isometric squat (SL ISO), 0-10 m momentum (0-10 Mom) and 20-30 m momentum (20-30Mom) were higher in 2018 and 2019 than all years. Front-row players were characterised by greater SL ISO and 1-RM bench press than inside and outside backs, with higher skinfolds and lower endurance levels than all positions. Between 2017 and 2019, front-row players had larger decreases and increases in endurance and one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press, respectively, compared to all other positions. Forwards had the highest 0-10Mom and 20-30Mom, and scrum-half the lowest, while outside backs had faster 0-10, 30-40, and 40 m (TT40 m) times, and greater peak velocity (Vmax) compared to forward positions. These longitudinal findings show that physical performance has increased, with anthropometric and performance characteristics becoming more distinctive between positions, among elite female rugby union players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Nicholas Woodhouse
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, London, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Queensland, London, UK
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | | | - Mark Waldron
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia.,Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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15
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Knee Pads Do Not Affect Physical Performance in Young Female Volleyball Players. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090748. [PMID: 34572180 PMCID: PMC8470544 DOI: 10.3390/children8090748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee pads have become increasingly popular among volleyball players. Given the fact high-intensity activities that are crucial to successfully playing this sport lead to an increased risk of a knee injury, the primary use of knee pads is to prevent potential injury. However, no research has been carried out to explain the effects of knee pads on the most important physical abilities in volleyball players, thus directly affecting performance. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of knee pads on the explosive power of the lower extremities, linear speed, and agility in young female volleyball players. In two separated sessions, 84 female volleyball players (age: 14.83 ± 0.72 years; height: 163.19 ± 8.38 cm; body mass: 53.64 ± 10.42 kg; VE: 5.30 ± 3.39 years) completed squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps (CMJ) with and without arm swing, linear sprints at 5-m and 10-m, modified t-test, and 5-10-5 shuttle test. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, paired sample T-tests and use of effect size (ES). There was no statistical difference between the two conditions for SJ (p = 0.156; ES = 0.18), CMJ (p = 0.817; ES = 0.03), CMJ with arm swing (p = 0.194; ES = 0.14), linear sprint at 5 m (p = 0.789; ES = 0.03) and 10 m (p = 0.907; ES = −0.01), modified t-test (p = 0.284; ES = 0.13), and 5-10-5 shuttle test (p = 0.144; ES = 0.19). Wearing knee pads has neither an inhibitory nor positive effects on explosive power of the lower extremities, linear speed, and agility in young female volleyball players.
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16
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Pérez-Chirinos Buxadé C, Fernández-Valdés B, Morral-Yepes M, Tuyà Viñas S, Padullés Riu JM, Moras Feliu G. Validity of a Magnet-Based Timing System Using the Magnetometer Built into an IMU. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175773. [PMID: 34502664 PMCID: PMC8433996 DOI: 10.3390/s21175773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) represent a technology that is booming in sports right now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new application on the use of these wearable sensors, specifically to evaluate a magnet-based timing system (M-BTS) for timing short-duration sports actions using the magnetometer built into an IMU in different sporting contexts. Forty-eight athletes (22.7 ± 3.3 years, 72.2 ± 10.3 kg, 176.9 ± 8.5 cm) and eight skiers (17.4 ± 0.8 years, 176.4 ± 4.9 cm, 67.7 ± 2.0 kg) performed a 60-m linear sprint running test and a ski slalom, respectively. The M-BTS consisted of placing several magnets along the course in both contexts. The magnetometer built into the IMU detected the peak-shaped magnetic field when passing near the magnets at a certain speed. The time between peaks was calculated. The system was validated with photocells. The 95% error intervals for the total times were less than 0.077 s for the running test and 0.050 s for the ski slalom. With the M-BTS, future studies could select and cut the signals belonging to the other sensors that are integrated in the IMU, such as the accelerometer and the gyroscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pérez-Chirinos Buxadé
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
| | - Bruno Fernández-Valdés
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, 08302 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Morral-Yepes
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
| | - Sílvia Tuyà Viñas
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
| | - Josep Maria Padullés Riu
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
| | - Gerard Moras Feliu
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.-C.B.); (B.F.-V.); (M.M.-Y.); (S.T.V.); (J.M.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Assessing the Magnitude and Direction of Asymmetry in Unilateral Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tasks in Youth Female Team-Sport Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2021; 79:15-27. [PMID: 34400983 PMCID: PMC8336540 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The direction of inter-limb asymmetries and the change of direction (COD) deficit are two aspects that have increased in recent years. The main objective of the present study was to assess the magnitude of neuromuscular asymmetries in an elite youth female team-sports sample and determine its directionality. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the relationship between COD deficit, linear speed and COD time performance. Elite female youth basketball and handball players (n = 33, age = 16 ± 1.17 y) performed the Single Leg Countermovement Jump in vertical (SLCJ-V), horizontal (SLCJ-H), and lateral (SLCJ-L) directions, the COD and the 10-m sprint. Results showed statistical differences between limbs in all the neuromuscular tests (p < 0.001). The Kappa coefficient showed poor to fair levels of agreement between tasks (K range = -0.087 to 0.233), indicating that asymmetries rarely favoured the same limb between skills. Additionally, small and non-significant correlations were found between the linear sprint capacity and the COD ability. The findings of the present study highlight the independent directionality of asymmetries across tests. The COD deficit does not appear to be much more advantageous than COD total time to measure asymmetry. Practitioners are encouraged to use a fitness testing battery to detect existing side differences and each ability should be specifically trained with functional tasks.
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18
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Dos'Santos T, Thomas C, Jones PA. The effect of angle on change of direction biomechanics: Comparison and inter-task relationships. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2618-2631. [PMID: 34278968 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1948258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this was study to examine the inter-task relationships and compare change of direction (COD) biomechanics between different angles (45°, 90°, and 180°). Twenty-seven men performed three COD tasks, whereby lower-limb and trunk kinematics and kinetics were assessed via 3D motion and ground reaction force (GRF) analysis. Key mechanical differences (p ≤ 0.025, η2 = 0.024-0.940) in velocity profiles, GRF, sagittal joint angles and moments, multiplanar knee joint moments, and technical parameters existed between CODs. The primary findings were that as COD angle increased, velocity profiles decreased (p < 0.001, d = 1.56-8.96), ground contact times increased (p < 0.001, d = 3.00-5.04), vertical GRF decreased (p < 0.001, d = 0.87-3.48), and sagittal peak knee joint moments decreased (p ≤ 0.040, d = 0.62-2.73). Notably, the greatest peak knee internal rotation (KIRMs) and abduction moments (KAMs) and angles were observed during the 90° COD (p < 0.001, d = 0.88-1.81), indicating that this may be the riskiest COD angle. Small to very large (r = 0.260-0.702) associations in KAMs and KIRMs were observed between tasks, indicating that evaluations at different angles are needed to develop an athlete's biomechanical injury risk profile. The results support the concept that COD biomechanics and potential surrogates of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury risk are "angle-dependent"; which have important implications for COD coaching, screening, and physical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.,Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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19
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New photocell timing gates for measuring the maximum velocity of futsal players. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Graham S, Duthie G, Aughey R, Zois J. Comparison of Physical Profiles of State-Level Netball Players by Position. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:2654-2662. [PMID: 30640302 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Graham, S, Duthie, G, Aughey, R, and Zois, J. Comparison of physical profiles of state-level netball players by position. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2654-2662, 2020-Understanding the physical profiles of state-level netball athletes provides conditioning professionals with testing norms and an understanding of important capacities within particular positions. The purpose was to examine positional differences in physical capacities of state-level netball athletes. Forty-six state-level netball athletes completed physical capacity assessments in the second week of their preseason, over 2 seasons. Tests included stature, 20-m sprint (with 5 and 10 m splits), 505 change-of-direction, countermovement jump, single-leg bounding, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level one. A linear mixed-model with fixed and random effects was used in conjunction with magnitude-based inferences to determine meaningful differences with 90% confidence limits (CLs). Midcourt athletes were shorter in stature than shooters (effect size [ES]: 1.26, CL 0.88-1.63) and defenders (-2.58, -3.35 to -1.80). Midcourt athletes were faster than shooters and defenders in linear acceleration over 5 and 10 m distances and 505 change-of-direction (ES range: -0.34 to -0.59). Shooters presented poorer intermittent endurance than midcourt (-0.82, -1.34 to -0.31) and defenders (-0.56, -1.19 to 0.07). Defenders jumped higher than midcourt athletes (-0.56, -1.30 to 0.19) and shooters (-0.61, -1.18 to -0.04), and possessed greater bounding ability compared with shooters (ES range: -0.23 to -0.57). Midcourt athletes require a more holistic set of physical capacities including acceleration, change-of-direction, jumping, and intermittent endurance. For defender and shooter positions, results indicate physical requirements that may be more specific to their positions. Conditioning professionals can use these findings to target specific physical qualities to maximize position-specific performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Grant Duthie
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Aughey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - James Zois
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; and
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21
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Dos’Santos T, Thomas C, Jones PA. How early should you brake during a 180° turn? A kinetic comparison of the antepenultimate, penultimate, and final foot contacts during a 505 change of direction speed test. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:395-405. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1823130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos’Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A. Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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22
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Relationship between Inter-Limb Asymmetries and Physical Performance in Rink Hockey Players. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of inter-limb asymmetries has been reported in several studies in different team sports but only some of them have analysed their effects on sports performance. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine inter-limb asymmetries and examine their relationship with different physical performance tests in rink hockey players. Nineteen rink hockey players (age: 23.37 ± 4.82 years; body height: 1.75 ± 0.06 cm; body mass: 73.16 ± 9.87 kg) performed a mid-season battery of fitness tests consisting of 30 m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), and half back squat. Inter-limb asymmetries were assessed using the single leg vertical countermovement jump test (SLCJ-V), single leg horizontal countermovement jump test (SLCJ-H), and 180° change of direction test (COD). Results show a significant relationship between asymmetry in the SLCJ-H test, 30 m sprint (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) and CMJ performances (r = −0.52, p < 0.05). Additionally, asymmetry in the SLCJ-V showed a significant relationship with CMJ performance (r = −0.46, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that training programs should aim to reduce the inter-limb asymmetries in rink hockey players to improve their performance. Practitioners and coaches can use this information to assess the potential impact of asymmetries on physical performance in rink hockey players.
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23
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McMahon JJ, Lake JP, Ripley NJ, Comfort P. Vertical Jump Testing in Rugby League: A Rationale for Calculating Take-Off Momentum. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:370-374. [PMID: 32796137 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of calculating jump take-off momentum in rugby league (RL) by exploring its relationship with sprint momentum, due to the latter being an important attribute of this sport. Twenty-five male RL players performed 3 maximal-effort countermovement jumps on a force platform and 3 maximal effort 20-m sprints (with split times recorded). Jump take-off momentum and sprint momentum (between 0 and 5, 5 and 10, and 10 and 20 m) were calculated (mass multiplied by velocity) and their relationship determined. There was a very large positive relationship between both jump take-off and 0- to 5-m sprint momentum (r = .781, P < .001) and jump take-off and 5- to 10-m sprint momentum (r = .878, P < .001). There was a nearly perfect positive relationship between jump take-off and 10- to 20-m sprint momentum (r = .920, P < .001). Jump take-off and sprint momentum demonstrated good-excellent reliability and very large-nearly perfect associations (61%-85% common variance) in an RL cohort, enabling prediction equations to be created. Thus, it may be practically useful to calculate jump take-off momentum as part of routine countermovement jump testing of RL players and other collision-sport athletes to enable the indirect monitoring of sprint momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Comfort
- University of Salford
- Leeds Beckett University
- Edith Cowan University
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Dos'Santos T, McBurnie A, Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones PA. Biomechanical Determinants of the Modified and Traditional 505 Change of Direction Speed Test. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1285-1296. [PMID: 31868815 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dos'Santos, T, McBurnie, A, Thomas, C, Comfort, P, and Jones, PA. Biomechanical determinants of the modified and traditional 505 change of direction speed test. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1285-1296, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-body biomechanical determinants of 180° change of direction (COD) performance. Sixty-one male athletes (age: 20.7 ± 3.8 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74.7 ± 10.0 kg) from multiple sports (soccer, rugby, and cricket) completed 6 trials of the modified and traditional 505 on their right leg, whereby 3D motion and ground reaction force data were collected during the COD. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to explore the relationships between biomechanical variables and COD completion time. Independent t-tests and Hedges' g effect sizes were conducted between faster (top 20) and slower (bottom 20) performers to explore differences in biomechanical variables. Key kinetic and kinematic differences were demonstrated between faster and slower performers with statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and meaningful differences (g = 0.56-2.70) observed. Faster COD performers displayed greater peak and mean horizontal propulsive forces (PF) in shorter ground contact times, more horizontally orientated peak resultant braking and PFs, greater horizontal to vertical mean and peak braking and PF ratios, greater approach velocities, and displayed greater reductions in velocity over key instances of the COD. In addition, faster performers displayed greater penultimate foot contact (PFC) hip, knee, and ankle dorsi-flexion angles, greater medial trunk lean, and greater internal pelvic and foot rotation. These aforementioned variables were also moderately to very largely (r or ρ = 0.317-0.795, p ≤ 0.013) associated with faster COD performance. Consequently, practitioners should focus not only on developing their athletes' ability to express force rapidly, but also develop their technical ability to apply force horizontally. In addition, practitioners should consider coaching a 180° turning strategy that emphasizes high PFC triple flexion for center of mass lowering while also encouraging whole-body rotation to effectively align the body toward the exit for faster performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8040055. [PMID: 32340126 PMCID: PMC7240527 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.
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Thomas C, Dos'Santos T, Comfort P, Jones PA. Effect of Asymmetry on Biomechanical Characteristics During 180° Change of Direction. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1297-1306. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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López-Sánchez G, Radzimiński Ł, Skalska M, Jastrzębska J, Smith L, Wakuluk D, Jastrzębski Z. Body composition, physical fitness, physical activity and nutrition in Polish and Spanish female students of sports sciences. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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DosʼSantos T, Thomas C, Jones PA, Comfort P. Assessing Asymmetries in Change of Direction Speed Performance: Application of Change of Direction Deficit. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 33:2953-2961. [PMID: 29373434 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dos'Santos, T, Thomas, C, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Assessing asymmetries in change of direction speed performance; application of change of direction deficit. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2953-2961, 2019-The aims of this study were to quantify asymmetries in change of direction (COD) performance using completion time and COD deficit, and determine its influence on asymmetry profiling of COD ability. A secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between linear speed, 505 time, and COD deficit. Forty-three youth netball athletes (age: 15.4 ± 1.1 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.06 m, and mass: 63.3 ± 6.6 kg) performed the 505 for both left and right limbs and a 10-m sprint test. Asymmetries in 505 completion time and COD deficit were quantified for dominant (D) (faster) and nondominant (ND) (slower) directions. Paired sample t tests revealed significant differences between D and ND directions for 505 time and COD deficit (p < 0.0001, g = -0.53 to -0.60). Substantially greater asymmetries for COD deficit were observed compared with 505 time (p < 0.0001, g = 1.03). Only 2 subjects displayed an asymmetry ≥10% based on 505 times. Conversely, based on COD deficit, 21 subjects demonstrated asymmetries ≥10%. Large significant associations were observed between 505 time and COD deficit (r = 0.500-0.593, p ≤ 0.002). Large significant inverse associations were demonstrated between 10-m sprint time and COD deficit (r = -0.539 to -0.633, p ≤ 0.001), indicating that faster athletes had longer COD deficits. Nine subjects were classified differently for COD ability when comparing standardized scores for 505 time vs. COD deficit. Quantification of asymmetries in COD ability should be based on COD deficits; inspection of 505 times only could lead to misinterpretations of an athlete's COD symmetry and COD ability. Faster youth netball athletes demonstrate longer COD deficits; thus, researchers and practitioners are encouraged to improve their youth netball athletes' ability to rapidly decelerate, change direction, and reaccelerate from 180° turns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas DosʼSantos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Thomas C, Ismail KT, Simpson R, Comfort P, Jones PA, DosʼSantos T. Physical Profiles of Female Academy Netball Players by Position. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1601-1608. [PMID: 28426516 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thomas, C, Ismail, KT, Simpson, R, Comfort, P, Jones, PA, and Dos'Santos, T. Physical profiles of female academy netball players by position. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1602-1609, 2019-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the height, body mass, and physical characteristics of female academy netball players by position (centers, defenders, and shooters). Data were collected on 43 regional academy players during the preseason period and comprising height, body mass, and physical characteristics (single-leg hop [SLH], squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], 5- and 10-m sprint, 505 change of direction speed and cardiorespiratory fitness). Defenders and shooters demonstrated significantly (p ≤ 0.05; d ≥ 1.1) greater body mass compared with centers. Defenders demonstrated significantly (p ≤ 0.05; d = 1.6) greater height compared with centers; however, no significant differences were noted between centers and shooters (p = 0.19; d = 0.7) and defenders and shooters (p = 0.70; d = 0.5). Centers performed better during the SLH left leg (p = 0.01; d = 1.0), SJ (p = 0.03; d = 1.1), CMJ (p = 0.01; d = 1.4), 5-m (p = 0.04; d ≥ -0.9) and 10-m sprint (p = 0.01; d = -1.2), 505 left (p ≤ 0.03; d ≥ 1.0), 505 right (p ≤ 0.03; d = 1.3), and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.01; d ≥ 1.2) compared with other positions. No other significant differences were observed. These findings demonstrate that height, body mass, and physical characteristics differ between positions in female netball players and provide normative data for English academy netball players. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider the specific demands on individual positions when training female netball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thomas
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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McBurnie AJ, DosʼSantos T, Jones PA. Biomechanical Associates of Performance and Knee Joint Loads During A 70-90° Cutting Maneuver in Subelite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 35:3190-3198. [PMID: 31268990 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
McBurnie, AJ, Dos'Santos, T, Jones, PA. Biomechanical associates of performance and knee joint loads during a 70-90° cutting maneuver in subelite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aim of this study was to explore the "performance-injury risk" conflict during cutting, by examining whole-body joint kinematics and kinetics that are responsible for faster change-of-direction (COD) performance of a cutting task in soccer players, and to determine whether these factors relate to peak external multiplanar knee moments. 34 male soccer players (age: 20 ± 3.2 years; body mass: 73.5 ± 9.2 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m) were recruited to investigate the relationships between COD kinetics and kinematics with performance and multiplanar knee joint moments during cutting. Three-dimensional motion data using 10 Qualisys Oqus 7 infrared cameras (240 Hz) and ground reaction force data from 2 AMTI force platforms (1,200 Hz) were collected to analyze the penultimate foot contact and final foot contact (FFC). Pearson's or Spearman's correlations coefficients revealed performance time (PT), peak external knee abduction moment (KAM), and peak external knee rotation moment (KRM) were all significantly related (p < 0.05) to horizontal approach velocity (PT: ρ = -0.579; peak KAM: ρ = 0.414; peak KRM: R = -0.568) and FFC peak hip flexor moment (PT: ρ = 0.418; peak KAM: ρ = -0.624; peak KRM: ρ = 0.517). Performance time was also significantly (p < 0.01) associated with horizontal exit velocity (ρ = -0.451) and, notably, multiplanar knee joint loading (peak KAM: ρ = -0.590; peak KRM: ρ = 0.525; peak KFM: ρ = -0.509). Cohen's d effect sizes (d) revealed that faster performers demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05; d = 1.1-1.7) multiplanar knee joint loading, as well as significantly greater (p < 0.05; d = 0.9-1.2) FFC peak hip flexor moments, PFC average horizontal GRFs, and peak knee adduction angles. To conclude, mechanics associated with faster cutting performance seem to be "at odds" with lower multiplanar knee joint loads. This highlights the potential performance-injury conflict present during cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J McBurnie
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Reinhardt L, Schwesig R, Lauenroth A, Schulze S, Kurz E. Enhanced sprint performance analysis in soccer: New insights from a GPS-based tracking system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217782. [PMID: 31150503 PMCID: PMC6544375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to establish the validity of a GPS-based tracking system (Polar Team Pro System, PTPS) for estimating sprint performance and to evaluate additional diagnostic indices derived from the temporal course of the movement velocity. Thirty-four male soccer players (20 ± 4 years) performed a 20 m sprint test measured by timing gates (TG), and while wearing the PTPS. To evaluate the relevance of additional velocity-based parameters to discriminate between faster and slower athletes, the median-split method was applied to the 20-m times. Practical relevance was estimated using standardized mean differences (d) between the subgroups. Differences between the criterion reference (TG) and PTPS for the 10 and 20 m splits did not vary from zero (dt10: -0.01 ± 0.07 s, P = 0.7, d < -0.1; dt20: -0.01 ± 0.08 s, P = 0.4, d < -0.2). Although subgroups revealed large differences in their sprint times (d = -2.5), the average accelerations between 5 and 20 km/h as well as 20 and 25 km/h showed merely small effects (d < 0.5). Consequently, analyses of velocity curves derived from PTPS may help to clarify the occurrence of performance in outdoor sports. Thus, training consequences can be drawn which contribute to the differentiation and individualization of sprint training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Reinhardt
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Lauenroth
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Schulze
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eduard Kurz
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Nutrition in Polish and Spanish Male Students of Sports Sciences: Differences and Correlations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071148. [PMID: 30935051 PMCID: PMC6479712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is important to study differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between university students from different countries to develop country-specific recommendations on health promotion to provide to students when transitioning to university. The present study aimed to analyse differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between Polish and Spanish students of Sports Sciences. One-hundred-and-eighty-six male students participated (81 from Poland and 105 from Spain). Polish males were on average 21.5 ± 1.9 yrs old and Spanish males 21.5 ± 2.5. The body composition variables measured were body weight (kg), fat-free mass (FFM, kg and %), fat mass (FM, kg and %), total body water (TBW, kg and %), basal metabolic rate (BMR, kcal), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2) and fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2). The physical fitness variables measured were squat jump (SJ, height in cm, power in watts and w/kg), countermovement jump (CMJ, height in cm, power in watts and w/kg), running speed (10, 20 and 30 m (time in s)), and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER, stage, final speed in km/h, distance in m, VO2max in mL/kg/min). Lifestyle variables measured were vigorous physical activity (VPA, days/week, min/week), moderate physical activity (MPA, days/week, min/week), walking (days/week, min/week), sitting (min/week), meals/day, vegetables/day, fruits/day, seafood/week, dairy products/week, sweets, chips, fast food/week, litres of liquid/day, litres of sugary drinks/day, alcohol/week and cigarettes/day. In comparison to Spanish students, Polish students had greater FFM (kg), greater TBW (kg), higher BMR, greater power in SJ, greater height and power in CMJ, lower times in running speed tests (10 and 20 m) and greater consumption of vegetables and liquids. In comparison to Polish students, Spanish students participated in more physical activity, and consumed more seafood, more dairy products, less sugary drinks, less alcohol and less tobacco. VPA and consumption of vegetables and liquids had positive influences on body composition and physical fitness. According to these results, universities should promote a healthy lifestyle in order to improve body composition and physical fitness in male students studying sport science. In the cases of Spain and Poland, special attention should be paid to the weak points detected in this study. This would be useful for avoiding future risk of diseases such as obesity or diabetes.
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Lockie RG, Post BK, Dawes JJ. Physical Qualities Pertaining to Shorter and Longer Change-of-Direction Speed Test Performance in Men and Women. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7020045. [PMID: 30781530 PMCID: PMC6409579 DOI: 10.3390/sports7020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated relationships between shorter (505, change-of-direction (COD) deficit as a derived physical quality) and longer (Illinois agility test; IAT) COD tests with linear speed, lower-body power (multidirectional jumping), and strength in recreationally-trained individuals. Twenty-one males and 22 females (similar to collegiate club-sport and tactical athletes) were assessed in: 505 and COD deficit from each leg; IAT; 20 m sprint; vertical jump (VJ height, peak anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw), power-to-body mass ratio); standing broad jump; lateral jump (LJ) from each leg; and absolute and relative isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) strength. Partial correlations calculated sex-determined relationships between the COD and performance tests, with regression equations calculated (p < 0.05). The 505 and IAT correlated with all tests except PAPw and absolute IMTP (r = ±0.43–0.71). COD deficit correlated with the LJ (r = −0.34–0.60). Left- and right-leg 505 was predicted by sex, 20 m sprint, and left-leg LJ (70–77% explained variance). Right-leg COD deficit was predicted by sex and left-leg LJ (27% explained variance). IAT was predicted by sex, 20 m sprint, right-leg LJ, and relative IMTP (84% explained variance). For individuals with limited training time, improving linear speed, and relative lower-body power and strength, could enhance shorter and longer COD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.
| | - Brett K Post
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.
| | - J Jay Dawes
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 90022, USA.
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Comparison of Change of Direction Speed Performance and Asymmetries between Team-Sport Athletes: Application of Change of Direction Deficit. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040174. [PMID: 30545155 PMCID: PMC6315619 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine differences in change of direction (COD) performance and asymmetries between team-sports while considering the effects of sex and sport; (2) to evaluate the relationship between linear speed, COD completion time, and COD deficit. A total of 115 (56 males, 59 females) athletes active in cricket, soccer, netball, and basketball performed the 505 for both left and right limbs and a 10-m sprint test. All team-sports displayed directional dominance (i.e., faster turning performance/shorter COD deficits towards a direction) (p ≤ 0.001, g = −0.62 to −0.96, −11.0% to −28.4%) with, male cricketers tending to demonstrate the greatest COD deficit asymmetries between directions compared to other team-sports (28.4 ± 26.5%, g = 0.19–0.85), while female netballers displayed the lowest asymmetries (11.0 ± 10.1%, g = 0.14–0.86). Differences in sprint and COD performance were observed between sexes and sports, with males demonstrating faster 10-m sprint times, and 505 times compared to females of the same sport. Male soccer and male cricketers displayed shorter COD deficits compared to females of the same sport; however, female court athletes demonstrated shorter COD deficits compared to male court athletes. Large significant associations (ρ = 0.631–0.643, p < 0.001) between 505 time and COD deficit were revealed, while trivial, non-significant associations (ρ ≤ −0.094, p ≥ 0.320) between COD deficit and 10-m sprint times were observed. In conclusion, male and female team-sport athletes display significant asymmetries and directional dominance during a high approach velocity 180° turning task. Coaches and practitioners are advised to apply the COD deficit for a more isolated measure of COD ability (i.e., not biased towards athletes with superior acceleration and linear speed) and perform COD speed assessments from both directions to establish directional dominance and create a COD symmetry profile.
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Clark RA, Pua YH, Bower KJ, Bechard L, Hough E, Charlton PC, Mentiplay B. Validity of a low-cost laser with freely available software for improving measurement of walking and running speed. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:212-216. [PMID: 30029889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurately measuring speed and acceleration during walking, running and sprinting has important implications for rehabilitation, planning training and talent identification in sporting and clinical populations. Light detection and ranging laser technology provides a continuous stream of distance data. It has the potential to allow rapid and precise measurement and may be advantageous compared with discrete methods of assessment, such as stopwatches and timing gates, which may be inaccurate over short distances. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of a novel, low-cost and easy to implement laser-based system during walking and running trials. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Thirty-two healthy adults performed walking and running trials from flying and static starts while monitored concurrently with reference standard three-dimensional motion analysis and laser systems. Velocity was calculated over short (0.5m) and longer (3m) intervals using both systems. Validity was assessed using absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), mean absolute errors, Pearson's correlations and regressions and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS All intraclass correlation coefficients and correlations were excellent (ICC>0.88, R>0.89). For the longer interval, all mean absolute errors were <0.03m/s (0.24-1.31%). Slightly higher mean absolute error values were reported for the shorter interval (3.16-5.10%), with the highest error of 0.184m/s evident for the flying start running trial. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a low-cost and accessible laser system can be used to accurately assess walking and running speed. To aid implementation and further research, freely available hardware design descriptions and downloadable software can be accessed at www.rehabtools.org/LIDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Clark
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia.
| | - Yong-Hao Pua
- Department of Physiotherapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kelly J Bower
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Louise Bechard
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Emma Hough
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Paula C Charlton
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia; Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mentiplay
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
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Bond CW, Willaert EM, Rudningen KE, Noonan BC. Reliability of Three Timing Systems Used to Time Short on Ice-Skating Sprints in Ice Hockey Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:3279-3286. [PMID: 28858060 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bond, CW, Willaert, EM, Rudningen, KE, and Noonan, BC. Reliability of three timing systems used to time short on ice-skating sprints in ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3279-3286, 2017-Speed and acceleration are highly valued in ice hockey and frequently assessed using timing systems. Coaches must use reliable timing systems to assess these attributes, but many systems have not been thoroughly evaluated and the required number of sprint repetitions to obtain the coach's desired degree of reliability for a system may be impractical. This study aimed to compare the reliability of a single photocell (PC), a single laser with a microprocessor (LA), and a digital video camera (VC); and in doing so, evaluate the influence of completing additional sprint repetitions on each systems' reliability. We hypothesized that PC and LA would yield different times, have inferior reliability, and require a larger number of sprint repetitions to obtain the same degree of reliability compared with VC. Seventeen male ice hockey players completed 5 repetitions of a 9.15 m on ice-skating sprint timed simultaneously by PC, LA, and VC. The times obtained from VC were narrowly distributed around the mean compared with PC and LA and resulted in a mean sprint time approximately 0.05 and 0.07 second faster than PC and LA, respectively {PC: 1.74 second (95% confidence interval [1.72-1.76]); LA: 1.76 second [1.74-1.78]; VC: 1.69 second [1.67-1.70]}. When 2 sprint repetitions were completed, PC and LA typical error (TE) and smallest worthwhile difference (SWD) were 2.8- and 4.3-fold greater than VC, respectively. As more repetitions were completed, TE and SWD for PC and LA improved but remained approximately 2-fold greater than VC even when 5 repetitions were completed. With a smaller TE and SWD, VC was able to detect smaller "real" changes in a player's sprint performance over time compared with PC and LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Bond
- Sanford Sports Science Institute, Fargo, North Dakota
| | | | - Kyle E Rudningen
- Sanford Research, Sanford Health, Sanford Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Fargo, North Dakota.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Benjamin C Noonan
- Sanford Sports Science Institute, Fargo, North Dakota.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.,Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
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Griffin PJ, Hughes L, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Effects of local versus remote ischemic preconditioning on repeated sprint running performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:187-194. [PMID: 29722251 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the effect of local and remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on repeated sprint exercise. METHODS Twelve males (age 22±2 years; stature 1.79±0.07 m; body mass 77.8±8.4 kg; mean±SD) completed four trials consisting of remote (arm) and local (leg) IPC and SHAM interventions prior to repeated sprint exercise (3x[6x15+15-m] shuttle sprints), in a double-blind, randomized, crossover designed study. These tests were immediately preceded by IPC (4x5-minute intervals at 220 mmHg bilateral occlusion) or SHAM treatment (4x5-minute intervals at 20 mmHg bilateral occlusion). Sprint performance and percentage decrement score alongside measurement of Tissue Saturation Index, blood lactate and RPE were measured throughout the intervention. RESULTS During the IPC/SHAM intervention there was a large decrease in TSI for IPC-arm in comparison to IPC-leg (P<0.05), however IPC-legs resulted in greater soreness compared with the other three conditions (P<0.05). There was no main effects or interaction effects for sprint performance. There was a significant effect of condition (P=0.047, r=0.56) on percentage decrement score across all 18 sprints with IPC demonstrating less fatigue than SHAM. There were no other effects of IPC during the sprint trials for any other physiological measure. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion local IPC resulted in more pain/soreness during the IPC/SHAM intervention but both remote and local IPC reduced the fatigue associated with repeated sprint exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Griffin
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Luke Hughes
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Conor Gissane
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Stephen D Patterson
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, Twickenham, London, UK -
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Altmann S, Spielmann M, Engel FA, Neumann R, Ringhof S, Oriwol D, Haertel S. Validity of Single-Beam Timing Lights at Different Heights. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1994-1999. [PMID: 28277431 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Altmann, S, Spielmann, M, Engel, FA, Neumann, R, Ringhof, S, Oriwol, D, and Haertel, S. Validity of single-beam timing lights at different heights. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1994-1999, 2017-The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of different timing light heights on sprint time and the validity of measurement. Two single-beam timing gate systems were used to measure 30-m sprint time (splits at 5 and 10 m) in 15 healthy and physically active male subjects. System 1 was set up at a height of 0.64 m and system 2 at 0.25 m (initial timing light) and 1.00 m (each following timing light), respectively. Participants performed 3 valid trials. The recordings of a high-speed video camera were used as a reference. Sprint times of system 1 and system 2 differed significantly between each other and from the reference system at all distances (p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients and Pearson's r values between both timing light systems and the reference system were low to moderate at 5 and 10 m and moderate to high at 30 m. Bland and Altman analysis revealed that the agreement intervals were considerably higher for the comparison between system 1 and the reference system than for system 2 and the reference system. A valid measurement of splits at 5 and 10 m via the systems used in this study is questionable, whereas 30-m times have an acceptable validity, especially when using system 2. This study confirms the influence of methodological approaches on sprint times. Coaches and researchers should consider that results gained by single-beam timing lights at different heights are not comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Altmann
- 1Department for Performance Analysis, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 3Department for Social Sciences, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; and 4TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, Hoffenheim, Germany
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Effects of jaw clenching wearing customized mouthguards on agility, power and vertical jump in male high-standard basketball players. J Exerc Sci Fit 2017; 16:5-11. [PMID: 30662485 PMCID: PMC6323169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Basketball players commonly use mouthguards for protecting their mouths from collisions with other players. Besides, literature reports that specific types of mouthguards may become an ergogenic device that facilitates a powerful jaw clenching, and a subsequent concurrent activation potentiation through this remote voluntary contraction of the mandible muscles. Methods A randomized within-subjects design was used to study the effects of this mechanism on muscular performance (vertical jump, agility, bench press power and leg press power) into two different conditions (mouthguard and no mouthguard) in high-standard basketball players (n = 13). A mean differences analysis and a responder analysis were conducted. Results Significant improvements were found (p < 0.05) in all vertical jump protocols using the mouthguard when compared to the no mouthguard conditions. However, no significant differences were found between the two conditions in agility and power (except in one load of bench press). Nevertheless, p-values were closer to statistical significance when analyzing the total time for the agility T-Test than when the first split time was under consideration (p = 0.111 and p = 0.944, respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the use of custom-made, bite-aligning mouthguard had an ergogenic effect on jump outcomes and inconclusive results in agility T-Test in professional basketball players. From the results obtained in the present study, the use of this type of mouthguards seems to be more justified in power actions on the court than in the strength and conditioning sessions at the gym in well-trained players.
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Bastida Castillo A, Gómez Carmona CD, Pino Ortega J, de la Cruz Sánchez E. Validity of an inertial system to measure sprint time and sport task time: a proposal for the integration of photocells in an inertial system. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1374633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Pino Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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The Role of Eccentric Strength in 180° Turns in Female Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2017; 5:sports5020042. [PMID: 29910402 PMCID: PMC5968983 DOI: 10.3390/sports5020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an association between eccentric strength (ECC-STR) and change of direction (COD) ability. Little is known about how ECC-STR facilitates COD maneuvers. The aim of this study was to examine the role of ECC-STR during a 180° COD task in 18 female soccer players. Each player performed six trials of a 180° COD task whereby three-dimensional motion data from 10 Qualisys Pro-Reflex infrared cameras (240 Hz) and ground reaction forces (GRFs) from two AMTI force platforms (1200 Hz) were collected. Relative eccentric knee extensor (ECC-EXT) and flexor (ECC-FLEX) peak torque was collected from both limbs at 60°·s−1 using a Kin Com isokinetic dynamometer. Large correlations were revealed between COD performance (time to complete 5 m approach, 180° turn, 5 m return) and ECC-EXT (R = −0.674) and ECC-FLEX (R = −0.603). Moderate to large correlations were observed between approach velocity (AV) and COD performance (R = −0.484) and ECC-EXT (R = 0.724). Stronger participants (n = 9) recorded significantly (p < 0.05) faster AV (4.01 ± 0.18 vs. 3.74 ± 0.24 m·s−1, d = 1.27) and a greater reduction in velocity (−1.55 ± 0.17 vs. −1.37 ± 0.21 m·s−1, d = −0.94) during penultimate contact than weaker (n = 9) subjects. Greater ECC-STR is associated with faster COD performance in female soccer players, as stronger players are better able to decelerate during penultimate contact from faster approach velocities.
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Bond CW, Willaert EM, Noonan BC. Comparison of Three Timing Systems: Reliability and Best Practice Recommendations in Timing Short-Duration Sprints. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1062-1071. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jones PA, Herrington L, Graham-Smith P. Braking characteristics during cutting and pivoting in female soccer players. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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How reliable are lower limb biomechanical variables during running and cutting tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Relationship between Isometric Strength, Sprint, and Change of Direction Speed in Male Academy Cricketers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17338/trainology.5.2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jones PA, Herrington LC, Graham-Smith P. Technique determinants of knee abduction moments during pivoting in female soccer players. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 31:107-12. [PMID: 26432414 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous studies have investigated the optimal technique for pivoting with regard to reducing peak knee abduction moments and potential knee injury risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between technique characteristics and peak knee abduction moments during pivoting. METHODS Twenty-seven female soccer players [mean (SD); age: 21 (3.8) years, height: 1.67 (0.07) m, and mass: 60.0 (7.2) kg] participated in the study. Three dimensional motion analyses of pivots on the right leg were performed using 10 Qualysis 'Pro reflex' infrared cameras (240Hz). Ground reaction forces were collected from two AMTI force platforms (1200Hz) embedded into the running track to examine penultimate and final contact. Pearson's correlation coefficients, co-efficients of determination and stepwise multiple regression were used to explore relationships between a range of technique parameters and peak knee abduction moments. Significance was set at P<0.05. FINDINGS Stepwise multiple regression found that initial foot progression and initial knee abduction angles together could explain 35% (30% adjusted) of the variation in peak knee abduction moments (F(2,26)=6.499, P=0.006). INTERPRETATION The results of the present study suggest that initial-foot progression and knee abduction angles are potential technique factors to lower knee abduction moments during pivoting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Jones
- University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, M6 6PU.
| | - Lee C Herrington
- University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, M6 6PU.
| | - Philip Graham-Smith
- University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, M6 6PU; Aspire Academy, P.O. BOX 22287, Doha, Qatar.
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Haugen T, Buchheit M. Sprint Running Performance Monitoring: Methodological and Practical Considerations. Sports Med 2015; 46:641-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abián P, Del Coso J, Salinero JJ, Gallo-Salazar C, Areces F, Ruiz-Vicente D, Lara B, Soriano L, Muñoz V, Lorenzo-Capella I, Abián-Vicén J. Muscle damage produced during a simulated badminton match in competitive male players. Res Sports Med 2015; 24:104-17. [PMID: 26252887 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2015.1076416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence of muscle damage after a simulated badminton match and its influence on physical and haematological parameters. Sixteen competitive male badminton players participated in the study. Before and just after a 45-min simulated badminton match, maximal isometric force and badminton-specific running/movement velocity were measured to assess muscle fatigue. Blood samples were also obtained before and after the match. The badminton match did not affect maximal isometric force or badminton-specific velocity. Blood volume and plasma volume were significantly reduced during the match and consequently haematite, leucocyte, and platelet counts significantly increased. Blood myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations increased from 26.5 ± 11.6 to 197.3 ± 70.2 µg·L(-1) and from 258.6 ± 192.2 to 466.0 ± 296.5 U·L(-1), respectively. In conclusion, a simulated badminton match modified haematological parameters of whole blood and serum blood that indicate the occurrence of muscle fibre damage. However, the level of muscle damage did not produce decreased muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Abián
- a Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF) , Polytechnic University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan José Salinero
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - César Gallo-Salazar
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco Areces
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Ruiz-Vicente
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Beatriz Lara
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lidón Soriano
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Victor Muñoz
- c Exercise Training Laboratory , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | - Irma Lorenzo-Capella
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- b Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
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