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Nejad BG, Mostafaei Z, Rezaabad AB, Mehravar F, Zarei M, Dehghani A, Estabragh MAR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Alizadeh H. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the relation of aflatoxin B1 to growth impairment in infants/children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:614. [PMID: 38053136 PMCID: PMC10696779 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are regarded as the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic type of mycotoxins. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate a the relation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to growth measurements of infants/children, including wasting, underweight, stunting, as well as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores. METHODS Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify related publications. Effect sizes for associations were pooled using the random effects analysis. Subgroup analysis by study design, method used to assess AFB1, and adjustment for covariateswas performed to detect possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Pooled analysis of available data showed that AFB1 exposure was negatively associated growth z-scores, including WHZ (β = -0.02, 95%CI = -0.07 to 0.03), with WAZ (β = -0.18, 95%CI = -0.33 to -0.02), and HAZ (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.30 to -0.03) in infants/children. There was a remarkable heterogeneity among studies on WAZ and HAZ (P ≤ 0.001). In prospective cohort studies, AFB1 exposure was found to be significantly associated with the elevated risk of underweight (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.40) and stunting (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.11 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis highlighted the importance of AFB1 exposure as a potential risk factor for growth impairment in infants/children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Mostafaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Balouchi Rezaabad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Golestan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Alizadeh
- Genetics Research Center, Department of Genetics and Breeding, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Chen X, Abdallah MF, Landschoot S, Audenaert K, De Saeger S, Chen X, Rajkovic A. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:577. [PMID: 37756003 PMCID: PMC10534665 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated overview of the (co-)occurrence of A. flavus and F. verticillioides and (co-)contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize. Furthermore, it summarizes their interactions in maize. The gathered data predict the (co-)occurrence and virulence of A. flavus and F. verticillioides would increase worldwide, especially in European cold climate countries. Studies on the interaction of both fungi regarding their growth mainly showed antagonistic interactions in vitro or in planta conditions. However, the (co-)contamination of AFB1 and FB1 has risen worldwide in the last decade. Primarily, this co-contamination increased by 32% in Europe (2010-2020 vs. 1992-2009). This implies that fungi and mycotoxins would severely threaten European-grown maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
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Comprehensive review of liquid chromatography methods for fumonisin determination, a 2006-2022 update. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Ben Hassouna K, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Chaieb K, Abbès S. Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries - a review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:619-635. [PMID: 36723615 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2157703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
North African countries; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia suffer from mycotoxin contamination. Various studies have indicated the presence of mycotoxins in raw milk and cereals (i.e. wheat, barley, maize and cereal-based products). Aflatoxins (AFs), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisin (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEN)-mycotoxin are the most detected due to climatic change in the region. In this review, we will present the kind of foods and feeds cereals and milk based products contaminated and the level of their contaminated mycotoxin. On the other hand, researchers try to find biologic methods to remove/mitigate mycotoxins in food and feed using bio-products. But the research works concerning legislations and mycotoxin risk assessment still rare. Therefore, it appears necessary to make review on the current status of mycotoxins in North African countries in order to explore data related to contamination of basic food in this region and to highlight the problem to the policy-makers to establish a serious legislation on this matter. On the other hand, to give more information to the worldwide readers about the impact of climate change on the food and feed pollution on mycotoxins in the Mediterranean Sea region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Ben Hassouna
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Jolly PE, Akinyemiju TF, Sakhuja S, Sheth R. Association of aflatoxin B1 levels with mean CD4 cell count and uptake of ART among HIV infected patients: A prospective study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260873. [PMID: 35085253 PMCID: PMC8794094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxin suppresses cellular immunity and accentuates HIV-associated changes in T- cell phenotypes and B- cells. Objective This prospective study was conducted to examine the association of aflatoxin levels with CD4 T-cell count and antiretroviral therapy uptake over time. Methods Sociodemographic and food data were collected from antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-infected patients. CD4+ counts were collected from participants’ medical records. Plasma samples were tested for aflatoxin B1 albumin adducts, hepatitis B surface antigen, and HIV viral load. Participants were separated into high and low aflatoxin groups based on the median aflatoxin B1 albumin adduct level of 10.4 pg/ml for data analysis. Results Participants with high aflatoxin B1 albumin adduct levels had lower mean CD4 at baseline and at each follow-up period. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher baseline aflatoxin B1 adduct levels were associated with statistically significant lower CD4 counts (est = -66.5, p = 0.043). Not starting ART and low/middle socioeconomic status were associated with higher CD4 counts (est = 152.2, p<0.001) and (est = 86.3, p = 0.027), respectively. Conclusion Consistent correlations of higher aflatoxin B1 adduct levels with lower CD4 over time indicate that there is an independent early and prolonged effect of aflatoxin on CD4 even with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The prospective study design, evaluation of baseline and follow-up measures, extensive control for potential confounders, and utilization of objective measures of aflatoxin exposure and CD4 count provide compelling evidence for a strong epidemiologic association that deserves careful attention in HIV care and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. Jolly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomi F. Akinyemiju
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Swati Sakhuja
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Roshni Sheth
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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6
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Modification of polyvinyl chloride membranes for mycotoxins detection. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Jolly PE, Mazariegos M, Contreras H, Balas N, Junkins A, Aina IO, Minott S, Wang M, Phillips TD. Aflatoxin Exposure Among Mothers and Their Infants from the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:1316-1325. [PMID: 33945085 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined breast milk of mothers and urine of infants before and after introduction of supplementary foods for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and the association between AFM1 with maternal and infant diet. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among mothers and infants ages 0-6 months and 7-12 months from June-October 2014. Sociodemographic, dietary, birth, and health data were collected. A breast milk sample was collected from each mother and a urine sample from each infant at baseline (time point 1) and monthly for 2 time points thereafter; samples collected at baseline and time point 3 were tested for AFM1. RESULTS Almost 5% of breast milk and 15.7% of urine samples tested AFM1-positive. The median AFM1 in breast milk was 0.020 ng/mL and in urine 0.077 ng/mg creatinine. At time point 3, infants of 5 of the 6 mothers in each group who were AFM1-positive in breast milk were also AFM1-positive in urine. Mothers' consumption of cooked maize/maize dough ≥ 3 days per week (OR 2.96, 95% CI = 1.19-7.34) and mothers' consumption of tamales made from maize ≥ 3 days per week (OR 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.73) were significantly associated with AFM1 in infant urine. CONCLUSION This is the first study in Guatemala documenting aflatoxin exposure in both breast milk of lactating mothers and infants´ urine during the first year of life. This may have important implications in understanding the multicausality of the high rates of stunting among children < 5 years old in Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E Jolly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Manolo Mazariegos
- Section of Nutrition and Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition for Central America and Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Haglaeeh Contreras
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Nora Balas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Anna Junkins
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ibironke O Aina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Selina Minott
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Meichen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Mahato DK, Devi S, Pandhi S, Sharma B, Maurya KK, Mishra S, Dhawan K, Selvakumar R, Kamle M, Mishra AK, Kumar P. Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:92. [PMID: 33530606 PMCID: PMC7912641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Sheetal Devi
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India;
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kajal Dhawan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Raman Selvakumar
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
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Lin S, Gao P, Li Q, Zhang Y, Hu J, Cai M, Qin W, Ma L, Ren Z, Zhang Z, Cai X, Yao L, Chen W, Zhou P. Aflatoxin influences achalasia symptomatology. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1276-1284. [PMID: 31922241 PMCID: PMC7002977 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achalasia is characterized by impaired swallowing due to lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction and an increased risk of esophageal carcinoma. Aflatoxin is a known carcinogen. Esophageal retention is relieved by per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), which lowers the esophageal cancer risk. The present study determined whether aflatoxin is involved in the pathogenesis of achalasia or esophageal cancer. A total of 75 patients with achalasia were prospectively enrolled from a tertiary center. Aflatoxin levels in their esophageal contents were measured using ELISA, and esophageal mucosal specimens were immunohistochemically evaluated for Ki67 and p53 expression prior to and 3 months after POEM. The effect of aflatoxin on esophageal contractility was assessed using murine specimens. Aflatoxin was detected in 67 patients before POEM and only 2 patients after POEM. The number of Ki67- and p53-immunopositive cells in the esophageal mucosa significantly decreased after POEM: [Ki67: 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 25.98–29.70) vs. 20.7% (95% CI, 19.78–24.03), P=0.04 and p53: 2.14% (95% CI, 1.85–2.41) vs. 1.45% (95% CI, 1.22–1.68), P=0.03]. In vitro experiments revealed that 500 ng/ml aflatoxin significantly increased the amplitude (P<0.05) and frequency (P<0.05) of spontaneous LES contractions compared with the control group. These increases were blocked by co-treatment with atropine sulfate (P<0.05), but not with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (P>0.05). Aflatoxin was found in most patients with achalasia and was eliminated following POEM. Reduced Ki67 and p53 expression after POEM indicated a decreased risk of carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin accumulation increased LES contractility via cholinergic signaling. Therefore, aflatoxin may maintain achalasia symptoms and increase esophageal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Lin
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pingting Gao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Quanlin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Cai
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Qin
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ma
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Cai
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Kamle M, Mahato DK, Devi S, Lee KE, Kang SG, Kumar P. Fumonisins: Impact on Agriculture, Food, and Human Health and their Management Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E328. [PMID: 31181628 PMCID: PMC6628439 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fumonisins producing fungi, Fusarium spp., are ubiquitous in nature and contaminate several food matrices that pose detrimental health hazards on humans as well as on animals. This has necessitated profound research for the control and management of the toxins to guarantee better health of consumers. This review highlights the chemistry and biosynthesis process of the fumonisins, their occurrence, effect on agriculture and food, along with their associated health issues. In addition, the focus has been put on the detection and management of fumonisins to ensure safe and healthy food. The main focus of the review is to provide insights to the readers regarding their health-associated food consumption and possible outbreaks. Furthermore, the consumers' knowledge and an attempt will ensure food safety and security and the farmers' knowledge for healthy agricultural practices, processing, and management, important to reduce the mycotoxin outbreaks due to fumonisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Dipendra K Mahato
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Sheetal Devi
- SAB Miller India Ltd., Sonipat, Haryana 131001, India.
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Sang G Kang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
- Stemforce, 302 Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 counteracts zearalenone génotoxicty in mice: Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, DNA fragmentation and apoptotique gene expression. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 840:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Díaz de León-Martínez L, Díaz-Barriga F, Barbier O, Ortíz DLG, Ortega-Romero M, Pérez-Vázquez F, Flores-Ramírez R. Evaluation of emerging biomarkers of renal damage and exposure to aflatoxin-B 1 in Mexican indigenous women: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12205-12216. [PMID: 30835068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus which frequently contaminate maize. These compounds are considered toxic, especially AFB1 which has been classified as a human carcinogen, due to its relationship with the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies in vivo, in animal models, prove that chronic consumption of AFB1 has an association with renal adverse effects, but evidence in humans is scarce. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the correlation between exposure to AFB1 and early-stage renal damage in indigenous women of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Exposure to AFB1 was measured through the biomarker AFB1-lysine and renal damage through kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and cystatin-C (Cys-C). AFB1-Lys was measured by HPLC-FLD. The method was validated with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and limit of detection and quantification of 3.5 and 4.7 pg mL-1, respectively. Levels of NGAL, KIM-1, and Cys-C were determined (median (P25-P75), 5.96 (3.16-15.91), 0.137 (0.137-0.281), and 18.49 (5.76-29.57) ng mL-1, respectively). Additionally, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (83.3 (59.8-107.4) mL/min/1.73 m2) and serum creatinine (SCr) (0.88 (0.72-1.22) mg dL-1) were obtained. The median concentrations for AFB1-Lys were 2.08 (1.89-5.8) pg mg-1 of albumin. Statistically significant correlations between AFB1-Lys/KIM-1 (Rho = 0.498, p = 0.007) and AFB1/Cys-C (Rho = 0.431, p = 0.014) were found. Our results indicate that women are exposed to AFB1, due to the fact that the AFB1-Lys biomarker was found in a high percentage of the study population (83%). In addition, the results of exposure to AFB1 show a strong significant correlation between KIM-1 and Cys-C that may indicate the toxic renal effect. These results are alarming because of the high toxicity of this compound and require adequate intervention to reduce AFB1 exposure in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dora Linda Guzmán Ortíz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del -Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Campus Guanajuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Manolo Ortega-Romero
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Mastanjević K, Lukinac J, Jukić M, Šarkanj B, Krstanović V, Mastanjević K. Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E30. [PMID: 30634499 PMCID: PMC6356641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites-toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jasmina Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marko Jukić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, University Center Koprivnica, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia.
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Pei SC, Li YH, Zhang YY, Cai L, Lee WJ. Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn, Rice, and Barley by ELISA, Using a Heavy-Chain IgG2bIsotype Monoclonal Antibody. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2010-0115-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chun Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin
- Food College, The HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Food College, The HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cai
- Food College, The HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Won Jong Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
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Choi JH, Lee S, Nah JY, Kim HK, Paek JS, Lee S, Ham H, Hong SK, Yun SH, Lee T. Species composition of and fumonisin production by the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex isolated from Korean cereals. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 267:62-69. [PMID: 29291460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the risk of fumonisin contamination in Korean cereals, we isolated colonies of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) from barley, maize, rice and soybean samples from 2011 to 2015. A total of 878 FFSC strains were isolated mostly from maize and rice, and species identity of the isolates were determined using the DNA sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes. Fusaria recovered from Korean cereals included F. fujikuroi (317 isolates and a frequency of 36%), F. proliferatum (212 isolates and 24.1%), F. verticillioides (170 isolates and 19.4%), F. concentricum (86 strains and 9.8%), F. andiyazi (56 isolates and 6.4%), F. subglutinans (28 isolates and 3.2%), F. thapsinum (5 isolates and 0.6%), and F. circinatum (2 isolates and 0.2%). The rice samples were dominated by F. fujikuroi (47.4%), F. proliferatum (27.3%), and F. concentricum (15.1%), whereas maize samples were dominated by F. verticillioides (33.9%), F. fujikuroi (25.3%), and F. proliferatum (21.1%). A phylogenetic analysis of 70 representative isolates demonstrated that each species was resolved as genealogically exclusive in the ML tree. Fumonisin production potential was evaluated using a PCR assay for the fumonisin biosynthesis gene, FUM1 in all of the isolates. Most of the isolates tested (94%) were positive for FUM1. All of the isolates assigned to F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. thapsinum were positive for FUM1 irrespective of their host origin. Seventy-seven representative isolates positive for FUM1 were examined for fumonisin production in rice medium. The majority of F. proliferatum (26/27, 96.3%), F. verticillioides (16/17, 94.1%) and F. fujikuroi (19/25, 76.0%) produced both FB1 and FB2. Notably, 16 of 19 fumonisin-producing F. fujikuroi produced >1000μg/g of fumonisins (FB1+FB2) in rice medium, which is higher than that in previous reports. These results suggest that F. fujikuroi can produce high levels of fumonisins similar to F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Nah
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Paek
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonheui Ham
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kee Hong
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DH, Hong SY, Kang JW, Cho SM, Lee KR, An TK, Lee C, Chung SH. Simultaneous Determination of Multi-Mycotoxins in Cereal Grains Collected from South Korea by LC/MS/MS. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030106. [PMID: 28300780 PMCID: PMC5371861 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved analytical method compared with conventional ones was developed for simultaneous determination of 13 mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetylnivalenol, aflatoxin B₁, aflatoxin B₂, aflatoxin G₁, aflatoxin G₂, fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, T-2, HT-2, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A) in cereal grains by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) after a single immunoaffinity column clean-up. The method showed a good linearity, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in mycotoxin determination by LC/MS/MS. The levels of 13 mycotoxins in 5 types of commercial grains (brown rice, maize, millet, sorghum, and mixed cereal) from South Korea were determined in a total of 507 cereal grains. Mycotoxins produced from Fusarium sp. (fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone) were more frequently (more than 5%) and concurrently detected in all cereal grains along with higher mean levels (4.3-161.0 ng/g) in positive samples than other toxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (less than 9% and below 5.2 ng/g in positive samples) from other fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 5-3 Gimcheon innocity, Nam-myeon, Gimcheon City Gyeongsangbuk-do Province 39660, Korea.
| | - Sung-Yong Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jea Woo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyu Ri Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Tae Kyung An
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Soo Hyun Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Kolakowski B, O'Rourke SM, Bietlot HP, Kurz K, Aweryn B. Ochratoxin A Concentrations in a Variety of Grain-Based and Non-Grain-Based Foods on the Canadian Retail Market from 2009 to 2014. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2143-2159. [PMID: 28221957 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extent of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of domestically produced foods sold across Canada was determined from 2009 to 2014 with sampling and testing occurring each fiscal year. Cereal-based, fruit-based, and soy-based food samples (n = 6,857) were analyzed. Almost half of the samples (3,200; 47%) did not contain detectable concentrations of OTA. The remaining 3,657 samples contained OTA at 0.040 to 631 ng/g. Wheat, oats, milled products of other grains (such as rye and buckwheat), and to a lesser extent corn products and their derived foods were the most significant potential sources of OTA exposure for the Canadian population. Wine, grape juice, soy products, beer, dairy-based infant formula, and licorice candy were not significant contributors to OTA consumption. Spices had the highest OTA concentrations; but because so little is ingested, these foods are not considered to be a significant source of OTA. In contrast, infant formulas and cereals can be important dietary sources of OTA. Infant cereals containing oats and infant formulas containing soy had detectable concentrations of OTA, some of which exceeded the proposed Canadian guidelines. The prevalence and concentrations of OTA in major crops (wheat, corn, and oats) varied widely across years. Because these foods were purchased at retail stores, no information was available on the OTA concentrations in the raw materials, the storage conditions before purchase of the samples, or the origin of the ingredients (may include blends of raw materials from different years and/or different geographical regions of Canada); therefore, impact of these factors could not be assessed. Overall, 2.3% of the samples exceeded the proposed Canadian OTA regulatory limits and 2.7% exceeded the current European Union (EU) OTA regulatory limits. These results are consistent with a Health Canada exposure assessment published in 2010, despite the inclusion of a wider range of products and confirm the safety of foods widely available across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kolakowski
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Sarah M O'Rourke
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Henri P Bietlot
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Karl Kurz
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Barbara Aweryn
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
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Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new methods of detection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Kong D, Liu L, Song S, Suryoprabowo S, Li A, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C. A gold nanoparticle-based semi-quantitative and quantitative ultrasensitive paper sensor for the detection of twenty mycotoxins. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5245-53. [PMID: 26879591 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A semi-quantitative and quantitative multi-immunochromatographic (ICA) strip detection assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of twenty types of mycotoxins from five classes, including zearalenones (ZEAs), deoxynivalenols (DONs), T-2 toxins (T-2s), aflatoxins (AFs), and fumonisins (FBs), in cereal food samples. Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies were selected for this assay. The semi-quantitative results were obtained within 20 min by the naked eye, with visual limits of detection for ZEAs, DONs, T-2s, AFs and FBs of 0.1-0.5, 2.5-250, 0.5-1, 0.25-1 and 2.5-10 μg kg(-1), and cut-off values of 0.25-1, 5-500, 1-10, 0.5-2.5 and 5-25 μg kg(-1), respectively. The quantitative results were obtained using a hand-held strip scan reader, with the calculated limits of detection for ZEAs, DONs, T-2s, AFs and FBs of 0.04-0.17, 0.06-49, 0.15-0.22, 0.056-0.49 and 0.53-1.05 μg kg(-1), respectively. The analytical results of spiked samples were in accordance with the accurate content in the simultaneous detection analysis. This newly developed ICA strip assay is suitable for the on-site detection and rapid initial screening of mycotoxins in cereal samples, facilitating both semi-quantitative and quantitative determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Kong
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Suryoprabowo
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of Science & Technology of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jolly PE, Akinyemiju TF, Jha M, Aban I, Gonzalez-Falero A, Joseph D. Temporal Variation and Association of Aflatoxin B₁ Albumin-Adduct Levels with Socio-Economic and Food Consumption Factors in HIV Positive Adults. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:5129-40. [PMID: 26633502 PMCID: PMC4690118 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between aflatoxin exposure and alteration in immune responses observed in humans suggest that aflatoxin could suppress the immune system and work synergistically with HIV to increase disease severity and progression to AIDS. No longitudinal study has been conducted to assess exposure to aflatoxin (AF) among HIV positive individuals. We examined temporal variation in AFB₁ albumin adducts (AF-ALB) in HIV positive Ghanaians, and assessed the association with socioeconomic and food consumption factors. We collected socioeconomic and food consumption data for 307 HIV positive antiretroviral naive adults and examined AF-ALB levels at recruitment (baseline) and at six (follow-up 1) and 12 (follow-up 2) months post-recruitment, by age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and food consumption patterns. Generalized linear models were used to examine the influence of socioeconomic and food consumption factors on changes in AF-ALB levels over the study period, adjusting for other covariates. AF-ALB levels (pg/mg albumin) were lower at baseline (mean AF-ALB: 14.9, SD: 15.9), higher at six months (mean AF-ALB: 23.3, SD: 26.6), and lower at 12 months (mean AF-ALB: 15.3, SD: 15.4). Participants with the lowest SES had the highest AF-ALB levels at baseline and follow up-2 compared with those with higher SES. Participants who bought less than 20% of their food and who stored maize for less than two months had lower AF-ALB levels. In the adjusted models, there was a statistically significant association between follow up time and season (dry or rainy season) on AF-ALB levels over time (p = 0.04). Asymptomatic HIV-positive Ghanaians had high plasma AF-ALB levels that varied according to season, socioeconomic status, and food consumption patterns. Steps need to be taken to ensure the safety and security of the food supply for the population, but in particular for the most vulnerable groups such as HIV positive people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E Jolly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
| | - Tomi F Akinyemiju
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
| | - Megha Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
| | - Inmaculada Aban
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
| | - Andrea Gonzalez-Falero
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
| | - Dnika Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
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Beloglazova N, Eremin S. Rapid screening of aflatoxin B1 in beer by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Talanta 2015; 142:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gayathri L, Dhivya R, Dhanasekaran D, Periasamy VS, Alshatwi AA, Akbarsha MA. Hepatotoxic effect of ochratoxin A and citrinin, alone and in combination, and protective effect of vitamin E: In vitro study in HepG2 cell. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:151-63. [PMID: 26111808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are the most commonly co-occurring mycotoxins in a wide variety of food and feed commodities. The major target organ of these toxins is kidney but liver could also be a target organ. The combined toxicity of these two toxins in kidney cells has been studied but not in liver cell. In this study HepG2 cells were exposed to OTA and CTN, alone and in combination, with a view to compare the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN hepatotoxicity. OTA and CTN alone as well as in combination affected the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. OTA + CTN, at a dose of 20% of IC50 of each, produced effect almost similar to that produced by either of the toxins at its IC50 concentration, indicating that the two toxins in combination act synergistically. The cytotoxicity of OTA + CTN on hepatocytes is mediated by increased level of intracellular ROS followed/accompanied by DNA strand breaks and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Co-treatment of vitamin E (Vit E) with OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN reduced the levels of ROS and the cytotoxicity. But the genotoxic effect of OTA and OTA + CTN was not completely alleviated by Vit E treatment whereas the DNA damage as caused by CTN when treated alone was obviated, indicating that OTA induces DNA damage directly whereas CTN induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and OTA + CTN combination induces DNA damage not exclusively relying on but influenced by ROS generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that OTA and CTN in combination affect hepatocytes at very low concentrations and, thereby, pose a potential threat to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Gayathri
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Rajakumar Dhivya
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | | | - Vaiyapuri S Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Clarke R, Connolly L, Frizzell C, Elliott C. High content analysis: A sensitive tool to detect and quantify the cytotoxic, synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemical contaminants in foods. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:278-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Woo C, El-Nezami H. Mycotoxins in Asia: is China in danger? QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2014.x005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.S.J. Woo
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China P.R
| | - H. El-Nezami
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China P.R
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26
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Clarke R, Connolly L, Frizzell C, Elliott CT. Cytotoxic assessment of the regulated, co-existing mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin, in single, binary and tertiary mixtures. Toxicon 2014; 90:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Petrarca MH, Rodrigues MI, Rossi EA, de Sylos CM. Optimisation of a sample preparation method for the determination of fumonisin B1 in rice. Food Chem 2014; 158:270-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Reduction of biogenic amines and aflatoxins in Doenjang samples fermented with various Meju as starter cultures. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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30
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Park HK, Shukla S, Lee JS, Kim JK, Kim M. Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens and Aflatoxins in D
oenjang
Samples Using Defined M
eju. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Kyong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Korea
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Korea
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31
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Kim M, Kim YS. Detection of Foodborne Pathogens and Analysis of Aflatoxin Levels in Home-made Doenjang Samples. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 17:172-6. [PMID: 24471080 PMCID: PMC3866753 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doenjang is a traditional Korean fermented soybean product that provides a major source of protein. In this study, a total of 18 different home-made doenjang samples were examined for the presence of foodborne pathogens and the total aflatoxin levels. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess microbial quality and potential public health risk, we showed that total coliform levels in the doenjang samples ranged from 0 to 4.43±2.32 ×106 CFU/g, and the maximum limit of Bacillus cereus was 4.67±2.0×105 CFU/g. However, other foodborne pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp., were not detected among the tested samples. One of the samples (S3) showed a maximum limit of 42.2±9.1 μg/kg for aflatoxin levels, which was above the safety limit allowed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) regulatory agency. Further research is necessary to determine whether and how doenjang safety can be improved via elimination/reduction of microbial contamination during fermentation and storage or using microbial starter cultures for its fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Yo Sep Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
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32
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Rubert J, Fapohunda S, Soler C, Ezekiel C, Mañes J, Kayode F. A survey of mycotoxins in random street-vended snacks from Lagos, Nigeria, using QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Inoue T, Nagatomi Y, Uyama A, Mochizuki N. Degradation of aflatoxin B1 during the fermentation of alcoholic beverages. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1219-29. [PMID: 23812408 PMCID: PMC3737493 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural toxin. AFB1 and the fungi that produce it can also contaminate the raw materials used for beer and wine manufacture, such as corn and grapes. Therefore, brewers must ensure strict monitoring to reduce the risk of contamination. In this study, the fate of AFB1 during the fermentation process was investigated using laboratory-scale bottom and top beer fermentation and wine fermentation. During fermentation, cool wort beer samples and wine must samples were artificially spiked with AFB1 and the levels of AFB1 remaining after fermentation were analyzed. AFB1 levels were unchanged during both types of fermentation used for beer but were reduced to 30% of their initial concentration in wine. Differential analysis of the spiked and unspiked wine samples showed that the degradation compound was AFB2a, a hydrated derivative of AFB1. Thus, the results showed that the risk of AFB1 carryover was still present for both types of beer fermentation but was reduced in the case of wine fermentation because of hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Inoue
- Research Laboratory for Food Safety Chemistry, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan.
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34
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The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25:162-79. [PMID: 22651937 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241200008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25 % of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. A number of risks to health are suggested including cancer, growth faltering, immune suppression and neural tube defects; though only the demonstrated role for aflatoxin in the aetiology of liver cancer is widely recognised. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates; instead biomarkers provide better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. Validated exposure biomarkers for aflatoxin (urinary aflatoxin M(1), aflatoxin-N7-guaunine, serum aflatoxin-albumin) were established almost 20 years ago and were critical in confirming aflatoxins as potent liver carcinogens. Validation has included demonstration of assay robustness, intake v. biomarker level, and stability of stored samples. More recently, aflatoxin exposure biomarkers are revealing concerns of growth faltering and immune suppression; importantly, they are being used to assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. For fumonisins and deoxynivalenol these steps of development and validation have significantly advanced in recent years. Such biomarkers should better inform epidemiological studies and thus improve our understanding of their potential risk to human health.
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35
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Pavón MÁ, González I, Martín R, García T. Competitive direct ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody for detection of Ochratoxin A in dried fig samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.604769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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36
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Abbas HK, Mascagni Jr. HJ, Bruns HA, Shier WT. Effect of Planting Density, Irrigation Regimes, and Maize Hybrids with Varying Ear Size on Yield, and Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.310162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in stored barley grain in Spain and impact of PCR-based strategies to assess the occurrence of aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic Aspergillus spp. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 149:118-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Jolly PE, Shuaib FM, Jiang Y, Preko P, Baidoo J, Stiles JK, Wang JS, Phillips TD, Williams JH. Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B1-albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1224-34. [PMID: 21749228 PMCID: PMC3381352 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.581698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between certain clinical factors and aflatoxin B(1)-albumin adduct (AF-ALB) levels in HIV-positive people. Plasma samples collected from 314 (155 HIV-positive and 159 HIV-negative) people were tested for AF-ALB levels, viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, liver function profile, malaria parasitaemia, and hepatitis B and C virus infections. HIV-positive participants were divided into high and low groups based on their median AF-ALB of 0.93 pmol mg(-1) albumin and multivariable logistic and linear regression methods used to assess relationships between clinical conditions and AF-ALB levels. Multivariable logistic regression showed statistically significant increased odds of having higher HIV viral loads (OR=2.84; 95% CI=1.17-7.78) and higher direct bilirubin levels (OR=5.47; 95% CI=1.03-22.85) among HIV-positive participants in the high AF-ALB group. There were also higher levels of total bilirubin and lower levels of albumin in association with high AF-ALB. Thus, aflatoxin exposure may contribute to high viral loads and abnormal liver function in HIV-positive people and so promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Jolly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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39
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Jang MR, Lee CH, Choi IS, Shin CS, Kim JH, Jang YM, Kim DS, Ahn DH. Analysis of Zearalenone Contamination in Cereal-Based Products Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detector and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Reddy KRN, Farhana NI, Salleh B. Occurrence of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in Malaysian foods used for human consumption. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T99-104. [PMID: 22417376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaysian population widely consumes the cereal-based foods, oilseeds, nuts, and spices in their daily diet. Mycotoxigenic fungi are well known to invade food products under storage conditions and produce mycotoxins that have threat to human and animal health. Therefore, determining toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) in foods used for human consumption is of prime importance to develop suitable management strategies and to minimize risk. Ninety-five food products marketed in Penang, Malaysia were randomly collected from different supermarkets and were analyzed for presence of Aspergillus spp. by agar plate assay and AFB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A. flavus was the dominant fungi in all foods followed by A. niger. Fifty-five A. flavus strains were tested for their ability to produce aflatoxins on rice grain substrate. Thirty-six (65.4%) strains out of 55 produced AFB1 ranging from 1700 to 4400 μg/kg and 17 strains (31%) produced AFB2 ranging from 620 to 1670 μg/kg. Natural occurrence of AFB1 could be detected in 72.6% food products ranging from 0.54 to 15.33 μg/kg with a mean of 1.95 μg/kg. Maximum AFB1 levels were detected in peanut products ranging from 1.47 to 15.33 μg/kg. AFB1 levels detected in all food products were below the Malaysian permissible limits (<35 μg/kg). Aspergillus spp. and AFB1 was not detected in any cookies tested. Although this survey was not comprehensive, it provides valuable information on aflatoxin levels in foods marketed in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasa R N Reddy
- Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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41
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Sun G, Wang S, Hu X, Su J, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhang H, Tang L, Wang JS. Co-contamination of aflatoxin B1and fumonisin B1in food and human dietary exposure in three areas of China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:461-70. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.544678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Park JW, Shon DH, Kim YB. Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting mold contamination in agricultural commodities and comparison with conventional assays. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100400013393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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43
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Folloni S, Bellocchi G, Kagkli DM, Pastor-Benito S, Aguilera M, Mazzeo A, Querci M, Van den Eede G, Ermolli M. Development of an ELISA Reverse-Based Assay to Assess the Presence of Mycotoxins in Cereal Flour. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-010-9150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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The black Aspergillus species of maize and peanuts and their potential for mycotoxin production. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:399-416. [PMID: 22069592 PMCID: PMC3153199 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The black spored fungi of the subgenera Circumdata, the section Nigri (=Aspergillus niger group) is reviewed relative to their production of mycotoxins and their effects on plants as pathogens. Molecular methods have revealed more than 18 cryptic species, of which several have been characterized as potential mycotoxin producers. Others are defined as benign relative to their ability to produce mycotoxins. However, these characterizations are based on in vitro culture and toxins production. Several can produce the ochratoxins that are toxic to livestock, poultry, and humans. The black aspergilli produce rots of grapes, maize, and numerous other fruits and grain and they are generally viewed as post-harvest pathogens. Data are review to suggest that black aspergilli, as so many others, are symptomless endophytes. These fungi and their mycotoxins contaminate several major grains, foodstuffs, and products made from them such as wine, and coffee. Evidence is presented that the black aspergilli are producers of other classes of mycotoxins such as the fumonisins, which are known carcinogenic and known prior investigations as being produced by the Fusarium species. Three species are identified in U.S. maize and peanuts as symptomless endophytes, which suggests the potential for concern as pathogens and as food safety hazards.
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45
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Shon DH, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Kwak BY. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hen's Egg Proteins in Processed Foods. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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46
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Reddy KRN, Salleh B, Saad B, Abbas HK, Abel CA, Shier WT. An overview of mycotoxin contamination in foods and its implications for human health. TOXIN REV 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/15569541003598553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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47
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The cytotoxic effect of fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A on human and pig lymphocytes using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Mycotoxin Res 2009; 25:233-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-009-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Ghali R, Ghorbel H, Hedilli A. Fumonisin determination in tunisian foods and feeds. ELISA and HPLC methods comparison. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3955-3960. [PMID: 19298079 DOI: 10.1021/jf803786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A survey for fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2, respectively) was performed on 180 samples of high-consumption food commodities and 15 feed samples randomly collected from various regions of Tunisia. The determination of fumonisin level was performed by an in-house validated high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Detection limit by ELISA for fumonisins sum was 25 microg/kg, and those by HPLC were 50 microg/kg for FB1 and 70 microg/kg for FB2. Recoveries of fumonisins spiked at 130 microg/kg ranged from 68.5 to 75.6% by ELISA, whereas those by HPLC for FB1 at 400 microg/kg and for FB2 at 300 microg/kg varied from 75.2 to 90.5%. Naturally occurring fumonisins were found in 10.5% of food samples with levels ranging from 70 to 2130 microg/kg. All contaminated samples contained FB1, and 31.5% of them contained FB2. In addition, the most contaminated commodities were corn foods and sorghum, whereas no fumonisin contamination was found in any nut or rice samples. For analyzed feed samples, fumonisins were detected in 86.6% of them with concentrations ranging from 50 to 2800 microg/kg. In addition, the performance of analytical methods was investigated in a comparison between ELISA and HPLC results for samples analyzed by both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Ghali
- Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology, Research Unit, Toxicology and Environment, Centre of Urgent Medical Aid of Tunis, 99UR07-04 Tunis, Tunisia.
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49
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Angelini E, Bazzo I, Savino M, Borgo M. Ochratoxin a: comparison of extraction methods from grapes and quantitative determination by different competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. J Food Prot 2008; 71:2488-96. [PMID: 19244903 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.12.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The European Community has recently established a maximum limit for ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration in grapevine products, but many practical difficulties remain concerning the establishment of optimum cost-effective methods of quantification. The performance of four extraction procedures and three commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISAs) for grapes were compared. Results differed for the extractions and the cELISA kits. The advantage of using immunoaffinity columns (IACs) in the extraction was the excellent detection limit, which was between 0.06 and 0.0075 ng ml(-1) depending on the cELISA kit used. Despite lower sensitivity (between 1.2 and 0.15 ng ml(-1) depending on the cELISA kit), an extraction method in liquid phase, which was simple and inexpensive, was confirmed as suitable for quantifying OTA at levels estimated to be dangerous for human health. Two of the three cELISA kits produced satisfactory results. When these two cELISAs were coupled with IAC extraction, the lower quantification limits were 0.010 and 0.0075 ng ml(-1), respectively, and the dynamic ranges were 50 and 27, respectively. The most reliable procedures were then compared with the reference method, high-performance liquid chromatography plus fluorescent detection coupled with an IAC. The results were very similar, although the cELISAs generally provided slightly higher values than did the chromatography method. The IAC method coupled with the cELISA was four times more sensitive than was the IAC method coupled with the chromatography method. The cELISA detection techniques were excellent alternatives to the already established chromatographic protocols, especially for mass screening and for determining concentrations of OTA as low as 0.010 ng ml(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angelini
- C.R.A.-VIT Centro per la Ricerca in Viticoltura, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy.
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50
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Spanjer MC, Rensen PM, Scholten JM. LC-MS/MS multi-method for mycotoxins after single extraction, with validation data for peanut, pistachio, wheat, maize, cornflakes, raisins and figs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:472-89. [PMID: 18348046 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701552964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin analysis is usually carried out by high performance liquid chromatography after immunoaffinity column cleanup or in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. These methods normally involve determination of single compounds only. EU legislation already exists for the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and patulin in food, and legislation will come into force for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and the fumonisins in 2007. To enforce the various legal limits, it would be preferable to determine all mycotoxins by routine analysis in different types of matrices in one single extract. This would also be advantageous for HACCP control purposes. For this reason, a multi-method was developed with which 33 mycotoxins in various products could be analysed simultaneously. The mycotoxins were extracted with an acetonitrile/water mixture, diluted with water and then directly injected into a LC-MS/MS system. The mycotoxins were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and detected using an electrospray ionisation interface (ESI) and tandem MS, using MRM in the positive ion mode, to increase specificity for quality control. The following mycotoxins could be analysed in a single 30-min run: Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, alpha-zearalenol, alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalanol, sterigmatocystin, cyclopiazonic acid, penicillic acid, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, diacetoxyscirpenol, 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, zearalanone, ergotamin, ergocornin, ergocristin, alpha-ergocryptin, citrinin, roquefortin C, fusarenone X, nivalenol, mycophenolic acid, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. The limit of quantification for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was 1.0 microg kg(-1) and for deoxynivalenol 50 microg kg(-1). The quantification limits for the other mycotoxins were in the range 10-200 microg kg(-1). The matrix effect and validation data are presented for between 13 and 24 mycotoxins in peanuts, pistachios, wheat, maize, cornflakes, raisins and figs. The method has been compared with the official EU method for the determination of aflatoxins in food and relevant FAPAS rounds. The multi-mycotoxin method has been proven by the detection of more than one mycotoxin in maize, buckwheat, figs and nuts. The LC-MS/MS technique has also been applied to baby food, which is subject to lower limits for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, ergot alkaloids in naturally contaminated rye and freeze-dried silage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martien C Spanjer
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins and Pesticides in Food, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA), Hoogte Kadijk 401, The Netherlands.
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