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Ma S, Liu Y, Zhao C, Chu P, Yin S, Wang T. Copper induced intestinal inflammation response through oxidative stress induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in Takifugu fasciatus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106634. [PMID: 37453186 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in aquaculture water has seriously threatened the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Recently, many researchers have studied the toxic effects of Cu exposure on fish. However, the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the inflammatory response, as well as its possible mechanisms, remain unclear. Particularly, information related to fish intestines must be expanded. Our study initially investigated the mechanisms underlying intestinal toxicity and inflammation resulting from Cu-induced ERS in vivo and in vitro in Takifugu fasciatus. In vivo study, T. fasciatus were treated with different concentrations (control, 20, and 100 µg/L) of Cu exposure for 28 days, causing intestinal oxidative stress, ERS, inflammatory responses, and histopathological and ultrastructural damage. Transcriptomic data further showed that Cu exposure caused ERS, as well as inflammatory responses, in the intestinal tracts of T. fasciatus. In vitro experiments on the intestinal cells of T. fasciatus showed that Cu exposure treatment (7.5 µg/mL) for 24 h induced ERS and increased mitochondrial numbers and inflammatory responses. In contrast, the addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated ERS and inflammatory response in the Cu-exposed group. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), effectively alleviated Cu-induced ERS. In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that oxidative stress triggers the ERS pathway, which is involved in the intestinal inflammatory response. Our study provides new insights into the relationship among Cu-induced oxidative stress, ERS, and inflammatory responses in fish, as well as for the healthy culture of fish in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ma
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Chen DT, Rao W, Shen X, Chen L, Wan ZJ, Sheng XP, Fan TY. Pharmacological effects of higenamine based on signalling pathways and mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981048. [PMID: 36188548 PMCID: PMC9520082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higenamine (HG) is a chemical compound found in various plants, such as aconite. Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of many diseases. Several mechanisms of action of HG have been proposed; however, they have not yet been classified. This review summarises the signalling pathways and pharmacological targets of HG, focusing on its potential as a naturally extracted drug. Articles related to the pharmacological effects, signalling pathways and pharmacological targets of HG were selected by searching the keyword “Higenamine” in the PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases without limiting the search by publication years. HG possesses anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, electrophysiology regulatory, anti-fibrotic and lipid-lowering activities. It is a structural analogue of catecholamines and possesses characteristics similar to those of adrenergic receptor ligands. It can modulate multiple targets, including anti-inflammation- and anti-apoptosis-related targets and some transcription factors, which directly or indirectly influence the disease course. Other naturally occurring compounds, such as cucurbitacin B (Cu B) and 6-gingerol (6-GR), can be combined with HG to enhance its anti-apoptotic activity. Although significant research progress has been made, follow-up pharmacological studies are required to determine the exact mechanism of action, new signalling pathways and targets of HG and the effects of using it in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-ta Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Rao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-jian Wan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-ping Sheng
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-you Fan, ; Xiao-ping Sheng,
| | - Tian-you Fan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-you Fan, ; Xiao-ping Sheng,
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Nunes NS, Chandran P, Sundby M, Visioli F, da Costa Gonçalves F, Burks SR, Paz AH, Frank JA. Therapeutic ultrasound attenuates DSS-induced colitis through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:495-510. [PMID: 31253515 PMCID: PMC6642284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) characterized by uncontrolled immune response, diarrhoea, weight loss and bloody stools, where sustained remission is not currently achievable. Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is an animal model that closely mimics human UC. Ultrasound (US) has been shown to prevent experimental acute kidney injury through vagus nerve (VN) stimulation and activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP). Since IBD patients may present dysfunctional VN activity, our aim was to determine the effects of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) in DSS-induced colitis. METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days and TUS was administered to the abdominal area for 7 min/day from days 4-10. Clinical symptoms were analysed, and biological samples were collected for proteomics, macroscopic and microscopic analysis, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS TUS attenuated colitis by reducing clinical scores, colon shortening and histological damage, inducing proteomic tolerogenic response in the gut during the injury phase and early recovery of experimental colitis. TUS did not improve clinical and pathological outcomes in splenectomised mice, while α7nAChR (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - indicator of CAIP involvement) knockout animals presented with disease worsening. Increased levels of colonic F4/80+α7nAChR+ macrophages in wild type mice suggest CAIP activation. INTERPRETATION These results indicate TUS improved DSS-induced colitis through stimulation of the splenic nerve along with possible contribution by VN with CAIP activation. FUND: Intramural Research Programs of the Clinical Centre, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the NIH and CAPES/Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Schneider Nunes
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Centre, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Parwathy Chandran
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Centre, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maggie Sundby
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Centre, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Pathology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Scott Robert Burks
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Centre, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joseph Alan Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Centre, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ogata M, Van Hung T, Tari H, Arakawa T, Suzuki T. Dietary psyllium fiber increases intestinal heat shock protein 25 expression in mice. Nutr Res 2017; 39:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arnal ME, Lallès JP. Gut epithelial inducible heat-shock proteins and their modulation by diet and the microbiota. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:181-97. [PMID: 26883882 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of metabolic diseases has raised questions about the interplay between the human diet and the gut and its microbiota. The gut has two vital roles: nutrient absorption and intestinal barrier function. Gut barrier defects are involved in many diseases. Excess energy intake disturbs the gut microbiota and favors body entry of microbial compounds that stimulate chronic metabolic inflammation. In this context, the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells and the potential to boost them nutritionally warrant further study. One such important defense system is the activation of inducible heat-shock proteins (iHSPs) which protect the gut epithelium against oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, various microbial components can induce the expression of iHSPs. This review examines gut epithelial iHSPs as the main targets of microbial signals and nutrients and presents data on diseases involving disturbances of gut epithelial iHSPs. In addition, a broad literature analysis of dietary modulation of gut epithelial iHSPs is provided. Future research aims should include the identification of gut microbes that can optimize gut-protective iHSPs and the evaluation of iHSP-mediated health benefits of nutrients and food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Edith Arnal
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lallès
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France.
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Liu C, Zhu C, Wang G, Xu R, Zhu Y. Higenamine regulates Nrf2-HO-1-Hmgb1 axis and attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:395-403. [PMID: 25929435 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) syndrome is a life-threatening dilemma caused by diverse events. Higenamine (HG), an active ingredient of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, has been traditionally used as a heart stimulant and anti-inflammatory agent in oriental countries. But the function of HG on intestine IR injury has never been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice underwent a 2 cm midline laparotomy, and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was obstructed by micro-vascular clamp to induce intestinal ischemia. RESULTS In our current study, HG increases mouse intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cell viability through induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production in vitro. In our in vivo murine intestinal IR injury model, the increased HO-1 protein level and activity, decreased intestinal injury score, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammatory cytokine expression induced by HG were all abolished with additional treatment of HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX). Furthermore, HG reduced high mobility group box-1 (Hmgb1) expression in IR injury-performed intestine which was inhibited by additional administration of ZnPPIX. And HG treatment significantly decreased HO-1 expression in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2) SiRNA-transfected cells but not in control SiRNA-transfected cells. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence HG regulates Nrf2-HO-1-Hmgb1 axis and attenuates intestinal IR injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, No.183, Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
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Zahir F, Rabbani G, Khan RH, Rizvi SJ, Jamal MS, Abuzenadah AM. The pharmacological features of bilirubin: the question of the century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cmble-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review looks at the toxicity and metabolism of bilirubin in terms of its pharmacological potential. Its role has gained importance as more research has revealed the functional significance and interrelationship between the gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. The biological actions of bilirubin have mostly been characterized in the high micromolar range where toxic effects occur. However, it could also prove to be an important cytoprotector for brain tissue, which is inherently less equipped for antioxidant defense. Plasma bilirubin levels negatively correlate to a number of disease states. Higher levels of bilirubin that are still within the normal range provide a protective effect to the body. The effects on various disorders could be tested using controlled pharmacological upregulation of the molecule with animal models. At nanomolar concentrations, considerable benefits have been obtained when the molecule was delivered pharmacologically under in vitro or in vivo test conditions, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders and after tissue or organ transplantation. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor or the use of bile pigments in the harvesting of diseased tissue are novel applications, and like every new therapy, should be used with caution. HMOX-1 is tissue specific, and in exceptional states, such as schizophrenia and specific types of renal disorder, the same therapy may have disastrous effects.
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Lee SW, Choi DW, Park SC, Kim HJ, Nam YH, Choi DH, Kang CD, Lee SJ, Chun WJ, Ryu YJ. Expression of Heat Shock Proteins and Cytokines in Response to Ethanol Induced Damage in the Small Intestine of ICR Mice. Intest Res 2014; 12:205-13. [PMID: 25349594 PMCID: PMC4204726 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Ethanol administration causes intestinal epithelial cell damage by increasing intestinal permeability and the translocation of endotoxins from intestinal bacterial flora. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are associated with recovery and protection from cell damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate differences in the expression of HSPs in the small intestine and the biochemical changes attributable to ethanol-induced intestinal damage. Methods Ethanol (20%) was injected intraperitoneally (2.75 g/kg, 5.5 g/kg, 8.25 g/kg) in ICR mice and the same volume of saline was administered to controls. After 1 hour, the proximal, middle, and distal segments were taken from the small intestine and the degree of damage was analyzed. In each segment, the expression of HSPs was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and antioxidant enzyme such as glutathione-S-transferase were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results In the control group, HSP70 increased in all segments of small intestine. Additionally, increases in the expression of HSP40 and HSP90 in the distal regions and an increase in HSP32 in the middle regions were observed. After ethanol treatment, greater histological damage was observed in the distal small intestine and significant decreases in HSPs were observed generally. Increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 was observed in small intestinal tissues exposed to ethanol-induced damage. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of an antioxidant enzyme. Conclusions Significant differences in the expression of HSPs in different intestinal regions were observed. These differences may have been attributable to the distribution of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Don Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Wan Joo Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Zhao B, Fei J, Chen Y, Ying YL, Ma L, Song XQ, Wang L, Chen EZ, Mao EQ. Pharmacological preconditioning with vitamin C attenuates intestinal injury via the induction of heme oxygenase-1 after hemorrhagic shock in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99134. [PMID: 24927128 PMCID: PMC4057195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which is regarded as an effective method of “organ preconditioning”, exerts beneficial effects during hemorrhagic shock (HS). However, the available HO-1 inducers exhibit disadvantages such as toxicity or complex technical requirements. Therefore, a safe and convenient HO-1 inducer would be promising and could be exploited in the treatment of foreseeable hemorrhaging, such as prior to major surgery. Here we investigated the effect of vitamin C (VitC), a common antioxidant, on intestinal HO-1 expression and examined whether VitC pretreatment prevented HS related intestinal tissue injuries after HO-1 induction. First, we conducted an in vitro study and found that HO-1 expression in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) was induced by non-toxic VitC in a time and concentration dependent manner, and the mechanism was related to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Next, we conducted an in vivo study and found that VitC induced intestinal HO-1 protein expression (mainly observed in the intestinal epithelial cells) and HO-1 activity in normal SD rats, and that these HO-1 levels were further enhanced by VitC in a rat model of HS. The HS related intestinal injuries, including histological damage, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6), neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis decreased after VitC pretreatment, and this alleviating of organ injuries was abrogated after the inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin-IX. It was of note that VitC did little histological damage to the intestine of the sham rats. These data suggested that VitC might be applied as a safe inducer of intestinal HO-1 and that VitC pretreatment attenuated HS related intestinal injuries via the induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Ying
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Song
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (EQM); (EZC)
| | - En-Qiang Mao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (EQM); (EZC)
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He XH, Yan XT, Wang YL, Wang CY, Zhang ZZ, Zhan J. Transduced PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 fusion protein protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2013; 187:77-84. [PMID: 24189179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study transduced HO-1 protein into intestinal tissues using PEP-1, a cell-penetrating peptide, and investigated its potentiality in prevention against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein was administered intravenously to explore the time and dose characteristics through measuring serum HO-1 levels. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, intestinal I/R (II/R), II/R + PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein (HO). The model was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In HO group, PEP-1-HO-1 was administered intravenously 30 min before ischemia, whereas animals in sham and II/R groups received the equal volume of physiological saline. After the experiment, the intestines were harvested for determination of histologic injury, wet/dry ratio, enzyme activity, apoptosis, and His-probe protein (one part of PEP-1-HO-1). RESULTS Levels of serum HO-1 were dose- and time-dependent manner after intravenous injection of PEP-1-HO-1. I/R caused deterioration of histologic characteristics and increases in histologic injury scoring, wet/dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and intestinal apoptosis. These changes were also accompanied by a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05). PEP-1-HO-1 treatment significantly reversed these changes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, His-probe protein expression was only detected in PEP-1-HO-1-treated animals. CONCLUSION Treatment of PEP-1-HO-1 attenuates intestinal I/R injury, which might be attributable to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic roles of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xue-Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Boan Maternity and Child Health hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liao YF, Zhu W, Li DP, Zhu X. Heme oxygenase-1 and gut ischemia/reperfusion injury: A short review. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3555-3561. [PMID: 23801856 PMCID: PMC3691047 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the gut is a significant problem in a variety of clinical settings and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Although the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gut I/R injury have not been fully elucidated, it is generally believed that oxidative stress with subsequent inflammatory injury plays an important role. Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme, followed by production of CO, biliverdin, and free iron. The HO system is believed to confer cytoprotection by inhibiting inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis, and maintaining microcirculation. HO-1, an inducible form of HO, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the heme degradation pathway, and affords protection in models of intestinal I/R injury. HO-1 system is an important player in intestinal I/R injury condition, and may offer new targets for the management of this condition.
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Li CW, Lin YF, Liu TT, Wang JY. Heme oxygenase-1 aggravates heat stress-induced neuronal injury and decreases autophagy in cerebellar Purkinje cells of rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:744-54. [PMID: 23788171 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213493705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that heat stroke induces autophagy as a protection mechanism against neurodegeneration in the brain. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a stress protein and can be induced by heat stress (HS). Cerebellar Purkinje cells are selectively vulnerable to heat-induced injury. In this study, we first validated an animal model of HS (38°C for 4 h) in which sustained increase of Purkinje cell injury, HO-1 expression up to 24 h post HS (HS₂₄), and hyperthermia reaching a rectal temperature 41.52 ± 0.32 were observed. In subsequent experiments, we investigated the effects of HO-1 on HS-induced Purkinje cell injury. Rats were divided into four groups: one normothermic control group receiving saline vehicle (1 mL/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and exposed to 25 for 4 h; and three HS groups receiving saline, or HO-1 inducer haemin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, at 12 h prior to HS. HS-induced Purkinje cell injury was further enhanced by HO-1 inducer but attenuated by HO-1 inhibitor as evaluated by immunoreactivity of apoptosis marker (active caspase-3) as well as Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry (staining for degenerating neurons), suggesting a detrimental role of HO-1. Interestingly, the protective autophagy was reduced by HO-1 inducer but enhanced by HO-1 inhibitor as demonstrated by autophagy markers including Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 in Purkinje cells. Double immunofluorescent labelling of Beclin-1 or 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (an oxidative DNA damage marker) with HO-1 immunoreactivity not only demonstrated their co-localization, but also confirmed that HO-1 negatively regulated Beclin-1 but increased oxidative stress in the same Purkinje cell. Taken together, our results indicate that HO-1 aggravates HS injury in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Our findings shed new light on cell damage mechanisms by HS in central nervous system and may help to provide potential therapeutic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wang Li
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
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Kim EK, Lee KY, Lee HJ, Lee JA, Choi CW, Kim HS, Kim BI, Choi JH. Heat shock pretreatment reduces intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of early necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonatology 2013; 103:1-6. [PMID: 22948204 DOI: 10.1159/000339179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines are suggested in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The transcription factor, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), is a central regulator of inflammatory and immune responses, and recent rodent NEC models have shown that NF-ĸB may have a critical role in the disease processes that underlie NEC. Heat shock proteins have important functions in response to stress-related events in a variety of systems, including digestive organs. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether heat shock pretreatment protects intestinal epithelial damage in the early NEC rat model. METHODS We generated human NEC-like lesions in neonatal rat ileum by administering oral endotoxin (10 mg/kg), intermittent 8% hypoxia, and hypertonic formula. Heat shock was administered by raising the chamber temperature to 42°C for 20 min, 3 h prior to endotoxin ingestion. RESULTS Heat shock pretreatment increased the expression of HSP70 in the ileal tissue and attenuated histological severity of early experimental NEC. NF-ĸB was activated in the ileal tissue of the NEC group and this activation was attenuated by heat shock pretreatment, which was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot analysis of p50 in subcellular fractionated samples. CONCLUSIONS Heat shock pretreatment reduced the incidence and severity of early experimental NEC in rats. A possible mechanism underlying this protective effect includes inhibition of NF-ĸB activation through increased HSP70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jiang J, Westberg JA, Andersson LC. Stanniocalcin 2, forms a complex with heme oxygenase 1, binds hemin and is a heat shock protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:274-9. [PMID: 22503972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a homolog of stanniocalcin 1, a 56kD glycoprotein hormone that originally was found to confer calcitonin-like activity in fish. Human STC2 is expressed in various tissues such as kidney, spleen, heart, and pancreas. STC2 has been demonstrated to be induced by different kinds of stress and display cytoprotective activity, but the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) degrades heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide and free iron, and is a stress-responsive protein. Using yeast two-hybrid screening we identified HO1 as a binding partner of STC2. The interaction was validated by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The binding site for HO1 was located to amino acids 181-200 of STC2. We also found that STC2 binds hemin via a consensus heme regulatory motif. Moreover, STC2 expression was induced by heat shock in HEK293 cells. Taken together, our findings point to three novel functions of STC2, and suggest that STC2 interacts with HO1 to form a eukaryotic 'stressosome' involved in the degradation of heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, PO Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Ischemic preconditioning and remote ischemic preconditioning have protective effect against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat small intestine. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27:857-62. [PMID: 21113784 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) associated with small bowel transplantation (SBT). METHODS Male Lewis rats weighing 200-300 g were used for this study. The rats were assigned to three groups: control, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), or remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Heterotopic SBT was thereafter performed. The recipient rats were killed 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after transplantation. Specimens from the intestine were histologically scored according to a grading system (Park et al.). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspirate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were analyzed by ELISA where HO-1 served as an indicator of protection against IRI. RESULTS The values of tissue injury were significantly lower in the IPC and RIPC groups than in control group at 3 h after SBT. The serum LDH, AST and ALT levels also significantly decreased in the IPC and RIPC groups at 3 h after SBT, but these protective effects against cold IRI diminished by 12 and 24 h after SBT. The serum HO-1 level significantly increased in the IPC and RIPC groups 3 h after SBT. CONCLUSION Both IPC and RIPC were found to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury after rat SBT in the early phase. HO-1 may therefore play a protective role against cold IRI.
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Nakao A, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Billiar TR, McCurry KR. Application of heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide and biliverdin for the prevention of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 42:78-88. [PMID: 18385824 PMCID: PMC2266059 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs frequently in a variety of clinical settings, including mesenteric artery occlusion, abdominal aneurism surgery, trauma, shock, and small intestinal transplantation, and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although the exact mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal I/R injury have not been fully elucidated, it is generally believed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators generated in the setting of oxidative stress, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), play important roles. Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme into equimolar quantities of biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO), while the central iron is released. An inducible form of HO (HO-1), biliverdin, and CO, have been shown to possess generalized endogenous anti-inflammatory activities and provide protection against intestinal I/R injury. Further, recent observations have demonstrated that exogenous HO-1 expression, as well as exogenously administered CO and biliverdin, have potent cytoprotective effects on intestinal I/R injury as well. Here, we summarize the currently available data regarding the role of the HO system in the prevention intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Nakao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Harusato A, Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Hirai Y, Yamada S, Tuji T, Yoriki H, Horie R, Inoue K, Fukumoto K, Handa O, Ishikawa T, Kokura S, Minamiyama Y, Ichikawa H, Muto A, Igarashi K, Yoshikawa T. Suppression of indomethacin-induced apoptosis in the small intestine due to Bach1 deficiency. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:717-27. [PMID: 21473739 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.574287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homologue 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study hypothesized that Bach1 plays an important role in the indomethacin-induced apoptosis in the case of small-intestinal mucosal injury. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and homozygous Bach1-deficient C57BL/6 mice were included in this study. Mucosal injuries induced by subcutaneously administering indomethacin were evaluated macroscopically, histologically and biochemically. Indomethacin-induced injuries were improved in Bach1-deficient mice. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in the number of HO-1-positive cells, which were mainly F4/80 positive macrophages, in Bach1-deficient mice. Indomethacin administration increased the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the small intestine in Bach1-deficient mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining showed that the extent of apoptosis was suppressed in Bach1-deficent mice. In conclusion, deficiency of the Bach1 gene inhibited apoptosis and thus suppressed mucosal injury, indicating that Bach1 is a novel therapeutic target for indomethacin-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Harusato
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Yoshikawa T. Heme oxygenase-1: a novel therapeutic target for gastrointestinal diseases. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:126-33. [PMID: 21373265 PMCID: PMC3045685 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme, followed by production of biliverdin, free iron and carbon monoxide (CO). HO-1 is a stress-responsive protein induced by various oxidative agents. Recent studies demonstrate that the expression of HO-1 in response to different inflammatory mediators may contribute to the resolution of inflammation and has protective effects in several organs against oxidative injury. Although the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of HO-1 remains poorly defined, both CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been implicated in this response. In the gastrointestinal tract, HO-1 is shown to be transcriptionally induced in response to oxidative stress, preconditioning and acute inflammation. Recent studies suggest that the induction of HO-1 expression plays a critical protective role in intestinal damage models induced by ischemia-reperfusion, indomethacin, lipopolysaccharide-associated sepsis, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and dextran sulfate sodium, indicating that activation of HO-1 may act as an endogenous defensive mechanism to reduce inflammation and tissue injury in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, CO derived from HO-1 is shown to be involved in the regulation in gastro-intestinal motility. These in vitro and in vivo data suggest that HO-1 may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Takagi T, Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Yoshikawa T. The role of heme oxygenase and carbon monoxide in inflammatory bowel disease. Redox Rep 2011; 15:193-201. [PMID: 21062534 DOI: 10.1179/174329210x12650506623889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder of the intestinal tract. Since the precise pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, it is important to investigate the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate new anti-inflammatory strategies. Recent evidence suggests that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a critical protective role during the development of intestinal inflammation. In fact, it has been demonstrated that the activation of HO-1 may act as an endogenous defensive mechanism to reduce inflammation and tissue injury in various animal intestinal injury models induced by ischemia-reperfusion, indomethacin, lipopolysaccharide-associated sepsis, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, carbon monoxide (CO) derived from HO-1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, administration of a low concentration of exogenous CO has a protective effect against intestinal inflammation. These data suggest that HO-1 and CO may be novel therapeutic molecules for patients with gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we present what is currently known regarding the role of HO-1 and CO in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion: microcirculatory pathology and functional consequences. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2010; 396:13-29. [PMID: 21088974 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-010-0727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is a challenging and life-threatening clinical problem with diverse causes. The delay in diagnosis and treatment contributes to the continued high in-hospital mortality rate. RESULTS Experimental research during the last decades could demonstrate that microcirculatory dysfunctions are determinants for the manifestation and propagation of intestinal I/R injury. Key features are nutritive perfusion failure, inflammatory cell response, mediator surge and breakdown of the epithelial barrier function with bacterial translocation, and development of a systemic inflammatory response. This review provides novel insight into the basic mechanisms of damaged intestinal microcirculation and covers therapeutic targets to attenuate intestinal I/R injury. CONCLUSION The opportunity now exists to apply this insight into the translation of experimental data to clinical trial-based research. Understanding the basic events triggered by intestinal I/R may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic options in order to achieve improved outcome of patients with intestinal I/R injury.
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Otaka M, Odashima M, Tamaki K, Watanabe S. Expression and function of stress (heat shock) proteins in gastrointestinal tract. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 25:634-40. [DOI: 10.3109/02656730903315815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adachi S, Kokura S, Okayama T, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Handa O, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Effect of hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine on apoptotic cell death in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 25:210-9. [PMID: 19437237 DOI: 10.1080/02656730802657036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It is reported that NF-kappaB is activated by chemotherapy in some cancer cell lines and NF-kappaB activation is one of the mechanisms by which tumors are induced to become resistant to chemotherapy. We reported that heat-treatment-induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) could inhibit I-kappa-B kinase, resulting in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Therefore, we speculated that activated NF-kappaB in a pancreatic cell line might be inhibited by heat treatment, resulting in the enhancement of gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity. METHODS We used the human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines AsPC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. Both cell lines were treated with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 microM) of gemcitabine for 24 h. Heat treatment (43 degrees C, 1 h) was performed at various times relative to gemcitabine treatment. The effect of gemcitabine and heat treatment on cell survival was determined by WST-8 assay. The status of NF-kappaB in carcinoma cells exposed to gemcitabine was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunocytochemistry. We analyzed apoptosis and necrosis in AsPC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cells by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the levels of Hsp70, cyclin D1, caspase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in each treatment group were detected by western blotting. RESULTS (1) Significant cytotoxicity was observed with gemcitabine. (2) Gemcitabine activated NF-kappaB binding activity in both cell lines. (3) Heat treatment inhibited the gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-kappaB. (4) Heat treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, especially when heat treatment was performed 24 h before gemcitabine was given. (5) The levels of Hsp70 were increased by heat treatment. Gemcitabine did not affect the protein level of Hsp70. The levels of pro-caspase-3 were decreased by heat treatment combined with gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Heat treatment inhibited gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-kappaB, resulting in the enhancement of the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Adachi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Bini R, Olivero G, Trombetta A, Castagna E, Cotogni P. Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and methylprednisolone on nuclear factor-kappaB and heat shock protein 70 in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 64:1048-54. [PMID: 18404074 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e318059362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor involved in the inflammatory response. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved in the cell protection from various stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), and methylprednisolone (MP) on liver, renal, and intestinal activation of NF-kappaB and HSP70 in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS Sixty rats were randomized in 6 groups: sham-operated; only HS; HS and resuscitation with blood plus normal saline (NS); HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 6 mg/kg DMSO; HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 100 mg/kg PDTC; HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 30 mg/kg MP. Rats were subjected to HS by blood removal to a mean arterial pressure of 35 to 40 mm Hg through the femoral artery. After 1-hour shock-period, the animals were resuscitated according to the experimental protocol. NF-kappaB and HSP70 expression in liver, kidney, and small intestine was analyzed 1 and 3 hours after resuscitation by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HS upregulated NF-kappaB activation and HSP70 expression (p < 0.05). Resuscitation was not associated with a further increase in NF-kappaB and HSP70 activation. DMSO, PDTC, and MP administration resulted in a decreased liver, renal, and intestinal activation of NF-kappaB associated with an increase of HSP70 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that treatment with DMSO, PDTC, and MP can modulate the expression of NF-kappaB and HSP70 after HS in rats. This modulation may have potential effects in HS through inhibition of the NF-kappaB-dependent production of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bini
- From the Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Dipartimento di Discipline Medico-Chirurgiche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Mo YN, Wang DM, Ji LM, Weng Y, He T, Chen SM. Protective effect of previous heat shock treatment on intestinal injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:3703-3709. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i35.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of previous heat shock treatment on intestinal injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
METHODS: Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): control group (CTRL), ischemia/reperfusion group (IR), previous heat shock treatment group (42C) and ischemia reperfusion group (42IR). The expression of HSP72 was examined in the small intestinal mucosa using Western blotting, and pathological changes in the ileal mucosal tissue were evaluated by microscopy. The apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells was examined by terminal deoxylnucleotidyl transferase mediated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in mucosal cells was assayed colorimetrically. The percentage of peripheral blood leukocytes undergoing apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using an annexin-V/PI double staining assay.
RESULTS: The expression of heat-shock protein 72 was significantly increased in 42C and 42IR rats compared with CTRL and IR rats (1.59 ± 0.32, 2.71 ± 0.64 vs 0.41 ± 0.1, 0.30 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). The enzymatic activity of caspase-3 decreased significantly in the 42IR group compared with the IR group (1.16 ± 0.31 vs 2.32 ± 0.54, P < 0.01). The percentage of peripheral blood leukocytes undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher in the 42IR group than in the IR group (39.65% vs 16.94%, P < 0.01). The number of mucosal epithelia cells undergoing apoptosis was decreased in the 42IR the compared with the IR group. There were no significant differences in the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, in the percentage of peripheral blood leukocytes undergoing apoptosis and in the number of mucosal epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis among 42IR, 42C and CTRL rats.
CONCLUSION: Whole body hyperthermia pretreatment can protect against subsequent mesenteric ischemia reperfusion injury by increased induction of heat shock protein 72 and inhibition of peripheral blood leukocyte activation in rats.
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Hoffman-Goetz L, Spagnuolo PA. Effect of repeated exercise stress on caspase 3, Bcl-2, HSP 70 and CuZn-SOD protein expression in mouse intestinal lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 187:94-101. [PMID: 17561270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of apoptosis (caspase 3, Bcl-2) and survival (HSP 70, antioxidant CuZn-SOD) proteins in intestinal lymphocytes (IL) of mice after repeated exercise stress. Plasma corticosterone concentration was greater than twofold higher immediately after exercise compared with the non-exercised condition. IL numbers decreased 24 h after cessation of exercise (p<0.05); this was associated with increased caspase 3 (p<0.05), HSP 70 (p<0.001) and CuZn-SOD (p<0.05) expression in IL immediately after exercise relative to IL from non-exercised mice. Expression of these proteins returned to control levels 24 h after the cessation of exercise stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hoffman-Goetz
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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26
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Carlson RM, Vavricka SR, Eloranta JJ, Musch MW, Arvans DL, Kles KA, Walsh-Reitz MM, Kullak-Ublick GA, Chang EB. fMLP induces Hsp27 expression, attenuates NF-kappaB activation, and confers intestinal epithelial cell protection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G1070-8. [PMID: 17185631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00417.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sustained expression of cytoprotective intestinal epithelial heat shock proteins (Hsps), particularly Hsp27, depends on stimuli derived from bacterial flora. In this study, we examined the role of the bacterial chemotactic peptide fMLP in stimulating colonic epithelial Hsp expression at concentrations encountered in a physiological milieu. Treatment of the polarized human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2bbe with physiological concentrations of fMLP (10-100 nM) induced expression of Hsp27, but not Hsp72, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Induction of Hsp27 by fMLP was specific since the fMLP analogs MRP and MLP were not effective. Hsp27 induction by fMLP was blocked by the fMLP-receptor antagonist BOC-FLFLF and was blocked when the dipeptide transporter PepT1, an entry pathway for fMLP, was silenced. fMLP activated both the p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathways in Caco2bbe cells, but not the SAPK/JNK pathway. The p38 inhibitor SB203580, but not the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059, blocked Hsp27 induction by fMLP. fMLP treatment inhibited actin depolymerization and decreased transepithelial resistance caused by the oxidant monochloramine, and this inhibition was reversed by silencing Hsp27 expression. fMLP pretreatment also inhibited activation of proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB by TNF-alpha in Caco2bbe cells, reducing induction of NF-kappaB target genes by TNF-alpha both in human intestinal biopsies and Caco2bbe cells. In conclusion, fMLP may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by mediating physiological expression of Hsp27, enhancing cellular protection, and negatively regulating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Carlson
- Martin Boyer Laboratories, The University of Chicago Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Otaka M, Odashima M, Watanabe S. Role of heat shock proteins (molecular chaperones) in intestinal mucosal protection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:1-5. [PMID: 16875664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have primarily focused on the cytotoxic agents and processes involved in producing mucosal injury, including the immune system. However, less consideration has been given to the inherent mechanisms of cytoprotection and cellular repair in the intestinal mucosa. This review will focus on intestinal mucosal protection against cytotoxic agents and cellular stress mainly from the viewpoint of expression and function of heat shock proteins, in their role of "molecular chaperones," as internal cytoprotectants. Elucidation of such stress-responses in the intestinal mucosa may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of cytoprotection and cellular repair, and present new strategies for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiro Otaka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kokura
- Biomedical Safety Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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