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Bae MJ, Hwang Y, Ham SN, Kim SY, Kim EJ. Community recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates in a stream influenced by mining activity: Importance of microhabitat monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116499. [PMID: 37429394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in freshwater biodiversity owing to anthropogenic disturbances such as mining activity is a global challenge; hence, there is an urgent need for systematic approaches to continuously monitor such disturbances and/or the recovery of biodiversity in freshwater habitats. The Hwangjicheon Stream is the source of South Korea's longest river and has been subjected to runoff from coal mining. We investigated changes in the diversity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in various microhabitats, including riffle, run, and pool, to monitor the recovery of biodiversity in the stream following the improvement of a mining water treatment plant in 2019. The dataset comprised 111 samples obtained from four types of microhabitats (riffle, run, pool, and riparian) over a four-year period from 2018 to 2021. The mining-affected sites had lower macroinvertebrate community complexities according to a network analysis, and grouped into the same cluster based on self-organizing map (SOM) analysis. Moreover, 51 taxa selected as indicator species represented each cluster obtained through the SOM analysis. Among them, only Limnodrilus gotoi and Radix auricularia were included as indicator species at the mining-affected sites. However, after 2020, the benthic macroinvertebrate community complexity increased, and some of the microhabitats at the mining-affected sites were included in the same cluster as the reference sites in the SOM analysis, indicating that the recovery of benthic macroinvertebrate communities had initiated in certain microhabitats (e.g., riparian). Further analysis confirmed that the macroinvertebrate community clearly differed according to the survey year, even in different microhabitats at the same sites. This suggests that more acute microhabitat monitoring may be necessary to quickly confirm biodiversity restoration when assessing the degree of the recovery in river biodiversity from anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jung Bae
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, 37242, South Korea.
| | - Yong Hwang
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, 37242, South Korea
| | - Seong-Nam Ham
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, 37242, South Korea
| | - Sun-Yu Kim
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, 37242, South Korea
| | - Eui-Jin Kim
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, 37242, South Korea.
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2
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Peixoto S, Santos B, Lopes G, Dias-Pereira P, Lopes I. Differential sensitivity of aquatic life stages of Pelophylax perezi to an acidic metal-contaminated effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90259-90271. [PMID: 35864402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) involves complex mixtures of metals and hydrogen ions that can be highly toxic to the biota. Assessing the effects of AMD to aquatic stages of amphibians is key, as this group constitutes the vertebrate class with the highest proportion of species considered as threatened. Thus, the present work aimed at assessing the sensitivity of two aquatic life stages of the green frog Pelophylax perezi to an AMD originated from a cupric-pyrite mine. Embryos (Gosner stages 10-11) and tadpoles (Gosner stages 20-21) of P. perezi were exposed, for 96 h, to six AMD dilutions (1.39% to 7.5%). Endpoints involving responses at different levels of biological organization were monitored: mortality, malformations, hatching rates, body length and growth rate, enzymatic activity related with detoxification metabolism (glutathione S-transferase), and histopathologies (anatomical structures of the digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems). Embryos presented high mortality and malformation rates at AMD levels equal or above 5.36%, as well as premature hatching at 1.95% of AMD or higher. A significant reduction in body length and growth rate occurred in embryos and tadpoles exposed to 1.95% or higher levels of AMD, respectively. At the histological level, several abnormalities were observed for AMD-exposed tadpoles in a variety of tissues. One of the most noticeable histological changes occurred in the intestine that exhibited papillary epithelial hyperplasia along with a yellowish content and was more pronounced in tadpoles exposed to higher AMD levels. FEmbryos were more sensitive to lethal levels of AMD than tadpoles, suggesting embryos as a useful model life stage when performing amphibian risk assessment of mine drainage. Furthermore, AMD was highly toxic for P. perezi aquatic life stages since levels as low as 1.95% induced lethal effects. These results emphasize the importance of implementing efficient remediation methodologies for AMD, given its high toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Bárbara Santos
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Graça Lopes
- ICBAS, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- ICBAS, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Mercado‐Garcia D, Beeckman E, Van Butsel J, Deza Arroyo N, Sanchez Peña M, Forio MAE, De Schamphelaere K, Wyseure G, Goethals P. Freshwater macroinvertebrate traits assessment as complementary to taxonomic information for mining impact detection in the northern Peruvian Andes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mercado‐Garcia
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit (AECO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Eveline Beeckman
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit (AECO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jana Van Butsel
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit (AECO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Nilton Deza Arroyo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca Cajamarca Perú
| | - Marco Sanchez Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca Cajamarca Perú
- Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Privada del Norte Cajamarca Perú
| | - Marie Anne Eurie Forio
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit (AECO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Karel A. C. De Schamphelaere
- Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (GhEnToxLab) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Guido Wyseure
- Division of Soil and Water Management Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit (AECO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Cervi EC, Hudson M, Rentschler A, Clark S, Brown SS, Burton GA. Evaluation of Capping Materials to Reduce Zinc Flux from Sediments in a Former Mining Pit Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:193-200. [PMID: 34856002 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wilson Mine is a former vanadium mine site located in the Ouachita Mountains near Hot Springs, Arkansas. The site, which drains via two streams to Lake Catherine, has undergone extensive reclamation to significantly reduce groundwater and surface water contact with mine spoils. One of the streams passes through a former mine pit forming East Wilson Pond, and flux from pit lake sediments can result in elevated metal, that is, zinc (Zn), concentrations in overlying water. To mitigate potential risks, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of capping materials for partitioning Zn-contaminated sediments from overlying water in East Wilson Pond. A 28-day laboratory study compared the effectiveness of capping materials including combinations of limestone, bentonite clay, and gravel for mitigating Zn flux, including under reasonable worst-case conditions (pH 5.5) encountered in the hypolimnion. Dissolved Zn was monitored over time in overlying water and in sediment porewaters within untreated controls and within the capping layer of treated systems. The use of limestone and/or bentonite clay improved buffering capacity compared to the noncapped control, and pH declined gradually but only modestly in the overlying water and porewater of all treated systems. Concentrations of Zn in overlying water of the noncapped control increased from approximately 30 to 100 µg/L during the study period, while concentrations in the overlying water and porewater of systems containing capping materials remained low (10-30 µg/L). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the capping materials for neutralizing pH and reducing Zn flux, and a three-layer cap consisting of limestone (top) + bentonite clay (middle) + gravel (bottom) was determined to be most effective. These results were used to inform the selection of materials for the application of a cap to reduce Zn flux from the pit lake sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:193-200. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cimino Cervi
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michelle Hudson
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison Rentschler
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Clark
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven S Brown
- Environmental Remediation and Restoration, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | - G Allen Burton
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Extremely Acidic Eukaryotic (Micro) Organisms: Life in Acid Mine Drainage Polluted Environments-Mini-Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010376. [PMID: 35010636 PMCID: PMC8751164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) results from sulfide oxidation, which incorporates hydrogen ions, sulfate, and metals/metalloids into the aquatic environment, allowing fixation, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in the aquatic food chain. Acidic leachates from waste rock dams from pyritic and (to a lesser extent) coal mining are the main foci of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) production. When AMD is incorporated into rivers, notable changes in water hydro-geochemistry and biota are observed. There is a high interest in the biodiversity of this type of extreme environments for several reasons. Studies indicate that extreme acid environments may reflect early Earth conditions, and are thus, suitable for astrobiological experiments as acidophilic microorganisms survive on the sulfates and iron oxides in AMD-contaminated waters/sediments, an analogous environment to Mars; other reasons are related to the biotechnological potential of extremophiles. In addition, AMD is responsible for decreasing the diversity and abundance of different taxa, as well as for selecting the most well-adapted species to these toxic conditions. Acidophilic and acidotolerant eukaryotic microorganisms are mostly composed by algae (diatoms and unicellular and filamentous algae), protozoa, fungi and fungi-like protists, and unsegmented pseudocoelomata animals such as Rotifera and micro-macroinvertebrates. In this work, a literature review summarizing the most recent studies on eukaryotic organisms and micro-organisms in Acid Mine Drainage-affected environments is elaborated.
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Niu A, Lin C. Managing soils of environmental significance: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125990. [PMID: 34229372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmentally significant soils (ESSs) mainly include acid sulfate, heavy metal(loid)-contaminated, petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated, pesticide-contaminated, and radionuclide-contaminated soils. These soils are interrelated and have many common characteristics from an environmental management perspective. In this review, we critically evaluate the available literature on individual ESSs, aiming to identify common problems related to environmental quality/risk assessment, remediation approaches, and environmental regulation for these soils. Based on these findings, we highlight the challenges to, and possible solutions for sustainable ESS management. Contaminated land has been rapidly expanding since the first industrial revolution from the industrialized Western countries to the emerging industrialized Asia and other parts of the world. Clean-up of contaminated lands and slowdown of their expansion require concerted international efforts to develop advanced cleaner production and cost-effective soil remediation technologies in addition to improvement of environmental legislation, regulatory enforcement, financial instruments, and stakeholder involvement to create enabling environments. Two particular areas require further action and research efforts: developing a universal system for assessing ESS quality and improving the cost-effectiveness of remediation technologies. We propose an integrated framework for deriving ESS quality indicators and make suggestions for future research directions to improve the performance of soil remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Niu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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7
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Beghelli FGS, Cetra M, Marchese M, López-Dovál JC, Rosa AH, Pompêo MLM, Moschini-Carlos V. Taxonomic and non-taxonomic responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to metal toxicity in tropical reservoirs. The case of Cantareira Complex, São Paulo, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180962. [PMID: 32321032 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms that are recognized as water quality bio-indicators. A wide variety of indices and metrics have been shown to respond to a variety of anthropogenic impacts, usually under a general condition of environmental impairment. The absence of a clear distinction in the relations between specific pollutants and biotic variables is very common and can lead to biased interpretation of biomonitoring. The aims of this research were to test taxonomic and non-taxonomic responses to specific environmental conditions instead to general conditions. For this purpose, we estimated the theoretical toxicity by comparing toxicity values published by EPA with metal concentrations in water and sediments. Then we tested the responses of biological variables to toxicity and other environmental conditions using the linear mixed effects models approach. We generated 32 models considering 24 different biological metrics and indices that were grouped in five levels. Taxonomic and abundance metrics were best predictor than functional or tolerance-based indexes. The strongest model was that which considered subfamily taxonomic resolution responding to Al_w and Cr_s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico G S Beghelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Faculdade de Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo/FATEC, Rua Dr. João Vieira de Camargo, 104, 18205-600 Itapetininga, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Cetra
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos/UFSCar, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP 264, Km 110, Itinga,18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Marchese
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología/INALI, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Júlio César López-Dovál
- Catalan Institute for Water Research/ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André H Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L M Pompêo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Stenger‐Kovács C, Lengyel E, Buczkó K, Padisák J, Korponai J. Trait-based diatom functional diversity as an appropriate tool for understanding the effects of environmental changes in soda pans. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:320-335. [PMID: 31993118 PMCID: PMC6972871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline lakes, among the most seriously endangered ecosystems, are threatened due to climate change and human activities. One valuable feature of these environments is that they constitute areas of high biodiversity. Ecologists are, therefore, under great pressure to improve their understanding of the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the biodiversity of saline lakes. In this study, a total of 257 samples from 32 soda pans in Central Europe between 2006 and 2015 were examined. The effects of environmental variables and of geographical and limnoecological factors on functional diversity were analyzed. Furthermore, the explanatory power of the trait-based approach was assessed, and the applicability of the indices for biomonitoring purposes was determined. It was found that low habitat heterogeneity and harsh environments lead to the selection of a small number of suitable traits, and consequently, to a naturally low level of functional diversity. Anthropogenic activities enhance diversity at functional level due to the shift toward freshwater characteristics. On the regional scale, the effects of the region and status (natural, degraded, reconstructed) on diatom functional diversity were significant and more pronounced than that of the environmental and other limnoecological factors. The degree of variance found in functional diversity ascribed to environmental variables is five times greater in the case of the application of a trait-based approach, than when a taxonomic one is employed in the literature. Each of the tested functional diversity indices was sensitive to the most important environmental variables. Furthermore, these were type-specific and proved to be more complex indicators than taxonomic metrics. It is possible to suggest four functional diversity indices (FGR, FRic, FDis, and FDiv) which emphasize their independence from substrate and seasonal variations for ecological status assessment and conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edina Lengyel
- Department of LimnologyUniversity of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
| | - Krisztina Buczkó
- Department of BotanyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
- MTA Centre for Ecological ResearchDanube Research InstituteBudapestHungary
| | - Judit Padisák
- Department of LimnologyUniversity of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
| | - János Korponai
- Department of Water Supply and SewerageFaculty of Water ScienceNational University of Public ServiceBajaHungary
- Department of Environmental SciencesSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaCluj‐NapocaRomania
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He F, Wu N, Dong X, Tang T, Domisch S, Cai Q, Jähnig SC. Elevation, aspect, and local environment jointly determine diatom and macroinvertebrate diversity in the Cangshan Mountain, Southwest China. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2020; 108:105618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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10
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Steyn M, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM, Genthe B, van den Heever-Kriek PE, Weyers C. Treated acid mine drainage and stream recovery: Downstream impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in relation to multispecies toxicity bioassays. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 235:377-388. [PMID: 30708275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The success and long term effectiveness of extensive and expensive engineering solutions to restore streams impacted by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is rarely tested. Concentrations of pollutants were measured in water along a longitudinal gradient from a stretch of the Tweelopie stream, South Africa, that receives pH-treated acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned gold mine. The biotoxic effects of treated AMD were determined through macroinvertebrate biotic indices (SASS5) and a battery of toxicity bioassays. These included the L. sativa, A. cepa, D. magna toxicity and Ames mutagenicity tests, as well as an in vitro human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Even though the Tweelopie stream was moderately to severely degraded by multiple anthropogenic stressors, the impact of the treated AMD was masked by the improvement in the system downstream after mixing with the domestic wastewater effluent receiving stream, and subsequent further dilution as a result of the karst springs downstream. The general improvement of the system downstream was clearly shown by the decrease in the ecotoxicity and mutagenicity in relation to the in-stream macroinvertebrates. PCA multivariate analysis successfully displayed associations between the different environmental variables and the decrease in toxicity and subsequent ecosystem improvement downstream. This study indicated that environmental management of AMD remediation should consider long term assessment strategies, including multiple factors, to promote biological ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steyn
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.
| | - P J Oberholster
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - A M Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Genthe
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | | | - C Weyers
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa
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11
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DeNicola DM, Stapleton MG. Using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological integrity of streams remediated for acid mine drainage. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. DeNicola
- Department of Biology; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock PA 16057 U.S.A
| | - Michael G. Stapleton
- Department of Environmental Geosciences; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock PA 16057 U.S.A
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