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Schaefer CE, Nguyen D, Fang Y, Gonda N, Zhang C, Shea S, Higgins CP. PFAS Porewater concentrations in unsaturated soil: Field and laboratory comparisons inform on PFAS accumulation at air-water interfaces. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 264:104359. [PMID: 38697007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) leaching from unsaturated soils impacted with aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is an environmental challenge that remains difficult to measure and predict. Complicating measurements and predictions of this process is a lack of understanding between the PFAS concentrations measured in a collected environmental unsaturated soil sample, and the PFAS concentrations measured in the corresponding porewater using field-deployed lysimeters. The applicability of bench-scale batch testing to assess this relationship also remains uncertain. In this study, field-deployed porous cup suction lysimeters were used to measure PFAS porewater concentrations in unsaturated soils at 5 AFFF-impacted sites. Field-measured PFAS porewater concentrations were compared to those measured in porewater extracted in the laboratory from collected unsaturated soil cores, and from PFAS concentrations measured in the laboratory using batch soil slurries. Results showed that, despite several years since the last AFFF release at most of the test sites, precursors were abundant in 3 out of the 5 sites. Comparison of field lysimeter results to laboratory testing suggested that the local equilibrium assumption was valid for at least 3 of the sites and conditions of this study. Surprisingly, PFAS accumulation at the air-water interface was orders of magnitude less than expected at two of the test sites, suggesting potential gaps in the understanding of PFAS accumulation at the air-water interface at AFFF-impacted sites. Finally, results herein suggest that bench-scale testing on unsaturated soils can in some cases be used to inform on PFAS in situ porewater concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Schaefer
- CDM Smith, 110 Fieldcrest Avenue, #8, 6(th) Floor, Edison, NJ 08837, USA.
| | - Dung Nguyen
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way, # 100, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
| | - Yida Fang
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way, # 100, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
| | - Nicholas Gonda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Chuhui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Stephanie Shea
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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2
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Sarkar A, Al-Said T, Naqvi SWA, Ahmed A, Fernandes L, Madhusoodhanan R, Thuslim F, Yamamoto T, Al-Yamani F. A preliminary study on benthic nutrient exchange across sediment-water interfaces in a shallow marine protected area of the Northwestern Arabian Gulf. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106420. [PMID: 38430642 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sedimentary processes are expected to play a crucial role in macronutrient cycling of the shallow Arabian Gulf. To investigate this aspect, sediment cores were collected from the shallow intertidal and subtidal expanses of the first Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Kuwait in the Northwestern Arabian Gulf (NAG). Porewater nutrient profiling and whole core incubation experiments were conducted to measure the nutrient fluxes, both with and without the addition of the nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU). The porewater data confirmed the potential of sediments to host multiple aerobic and anaerobic pathways of nutrient regeneration. The average (±SD) of net nutrient fluxes from several incubation experiments indicated that ammonium (NH4+) predominantly fluxed out of the sediment (3.81 ± 2.53 mmol m-2 d-1), followed by SiO44- (3.07 ± 1.21 mmol m-2 d-1). In contrast, the average PO43- flux was minimal, at only 0.06 ± 0.05 mmol m-2 d-1. Fluxes of NO3- (ranged from 0.07 ± 0.005 to 1.16 ± 0.35 mmol m-2 d-1) and NO2- (0.03 ± 0.003 to 0.71 ± 0.21 mmol m-2 d-1) were moderate, which either reduced or reversed in the presence of ATU (-0.001 ± 0.0001 to 0.01 ± 0.0001 mmol m-2 d-1 and -0.001 ± 0.0003 to 0.006 ± 0.001 mmol m-2 d-1 for NO3- and NO2- respectively). Thus, this study provides preliminary experimental evidence that nitrification can act as a source of NO3- and NO2- as well as contribute towards the relatively high concentrations of NO2- (>1 in the gulf waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sarkar
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait.
| | - Turki Al-Said
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Syed Wajih Ahmad Naqvi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Loreta Fernandes
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Fathima Thuslim
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Faiza Al-Yamani
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, P. O. Box 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
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3
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Li XY, Li XY, Jiang YF, Zhang C, Yang Q, Manzoor M, Luo J, Guan DX. High-resolution chemical imaging to understand Cd activation in rice rhizosphere of karstic soils. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140988. [PMID: 38122945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) activation, especially at a high spatial resolution, in paddy soils with a high geogenic Cd background is yet to be understood. To investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of Cd activation in rice rhizosphere, pot and rhizotron experiments were conducted using four paddy soils with high geogenic Cd (0.11-3.70 mg kg-1) from Guangxi, southwestern China. The pot experiment results showed that porewater Cd concentrations initially decreased and then increased over the complete rice growth period, reaching its lowest value during the late-tillering and early-filling stages. Besides, correlation analysis identified organic matter and root manganese (Mn) content as the main factors affecting rice Cd uptake, with Mn having a negative effect and organic matter having a positive effect. Sub-millimeter two-dimensional chemical imaging revealed that the distribution of labile Cd in the rhizosphere (by diffusive gradients in thin-films, or DGT) was influenced by the root system and soil properties, such as pH (by planar optode) and acid phosphatase activity (by soil zymography). Soil acid phosphatase activity increased under Cd stress. The overall pH at rice rhizosphere decreased. Moreover, a close relationship was found between the spatial distributions of soil labile Mn and Cd at the rhizosphere, with higher Mn being associated with lower Cd lability. This study highlights Mn as a key element in regulating rice Cd uptake and enlightens future Mn-based strategies for addressing Cd pollution in rice paddy soils, especially in karst areas with high geochemical background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Maria Manzoor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Balistrieri LS. Using Multiple Metal Mixture Models to Predict Toxicity of Riverine Sediment Porewater to the Benthic Life Stage of Juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Environ Toxicol Chem 2024; 43:62-73. [PMID: 37750585 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Five metal mixture dose-response models were used to predict the toxicity of porewater to young sturgeon at areas of interest in the Upper Columbia River (WA, USA/BC, Canada) and to evaluate these models as tools for risk assessments. Dose components of metal mixture models included exposure to free metal ion activities or metal accumulation by biotic ligands or humic acid, and links of dose to response used logistic equations, independent joint action equations, or additive toxicity functions. Laboratory bioassay studies of single metal exposures to juvenile sturgeon, porewater collected in situ in the fast-flowing Upper Columbia River, and metal mixture models were used to evaluate toxicity. The five metal mixture models were very similar in their predictions of adverse response of juvenile sturgeon and in identifying copper (Cu) as the metal responsible for the most toxic conditions. Although the modes of toxic action and the 20% effective concentration values were different among the dose models, predictions of adverse response were consistent among models because all doses were tied to the same biological responses. All models indicated that 56% ± 5% of 122 porewater samples were predicted to have <20% adverse response, 25% ± 5% of samples were predicted to have 20% to 80% adverse response, and 20% ± 4% were predicted to have >80% adverse response in juvenile sturgeon. The approach of combining bioassay toxicity data, compositions of field porewater, and metal mixture models to predict lack of growth and survival of aquatic organisms due to metal toxicity is an important tool that can be integrated with other information (e.g., survey studies of organism populations, life cycle and behavior characteristics, sediment geochemistry, and food sources) to assess risks to aquatic organisms in metal-enriched ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:62-73. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie S Balistrieri
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Grafton, Wisconsin
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5
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Li Y, Wang Z, Cai Y, Xiao K, Guo Z, Pan F. High resolution dissolved heavy metals in sediment porewater of a small estuary: Distribution, mobilization and migration. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167238. [PMID: 37741402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the distribution features, mobilization mechanisms and migration processes of heavy metals (HMs) in estuarine sediments is essential to predict their potential toxicity risk and for following contamination remediation. In this study, high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and a sequential extraction procedure were employed to determine the porewater dissolved iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and their geochemical species fractions in sediments of the Xixi River Estuary, Xiamen, China. The results showed that at estuarine sites with high TOC and TS content, sulfate reduction is the main diagenetic pathway of OC degradation and directly inhibits the reduction of Fe/Mn oxides. The mobility of most HMs in porewater profiles was influenced by multiple factors, such as the adsorption-desorption by Fe/Mn oxides, HM-sulfide co-precipitation, and the degradation of OM under different redox conditions. However, no environmental correlation and control factors of Ni and Zn have been found. In addition, the profile-averaged distribution of most HMs showed a seaward increasing trend, probably due to the severe industrial wastewater discharge and increasing salinity responsible for the competitive adsorption of HM ions. The overall positive fluxes of all HMs, together with the higher positive diffusion fluxes of some HMs such as Mn, Cr, V and Zn, suggest that the HMs mobility in small estuarine sediments should be seriously reconsidered due to its high contamination potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yu Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhanrong Guo
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Feng Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
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6
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Perkins AK, Rose AL, Grossart HP, Schulz KG, Neubauer D, Tonge MP, Rosentreter JA, Eyre BD, Rojas-Jimenez K, Deschaseaux E, Oakes JM. Fungi increases kelp (Ecklonia radiata) remineralisation and dissolved organic carbon, alkalinity, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:166957. [PMID: 37704140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are key players in terrestrial organic matter (OM) degradation, but little is known about their role in marine environments. Here we compared the degradation of kelp (Ecklonia radiata) in mesocosms with and without fungicides over 45 days. The aim was to improve our understanding of the vital role of fungal OM degradation and remineralisation and its relevance to marine biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, or volatile sulfur). In the presence of fungi, 68 % of the kelp detritus degraded over 45 days, resulting in the production of 0.6 mol of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 0.16 mol of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), 0.23 mol of total alkalinity (TA), and 0.076 mol of CO2, which was subsequently emitted to the atmosphere. Conversely, when fungi were inhibited, the bacterial community diversity was reduced, and only 25 % of the kelp detritus degraded over 45 days. The application of fungicides resulted in the generation of an excess amount of 1.5 mol of DOC, but we observed only 0.02 mol of DIC, and 0.04 mol of TA per one mole of kelp detritus, accompanied by a CO2 emission of 0.081 mol. In contrast, without fungi, remineralisation of kelp detritus to DIC, TA, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and methanethiol (MeSH) was significantly reduced. Fungal kelp remineralisation led to a remarkable 100,000 % increase in DMSP production. The observed substantial changes in sediment chemistry when fungi are inhibited highlight the important biogeochemical role of fungal remineralisation, which likely plays a crucial role in defining coastal biogeochemical cycling, blue carbon sequestration, and thus climate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Perkins
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia; Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew L Rose
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia; Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Experimental Limnology, 16775 Neuglobsow, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kai G Schulz
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Darshan Neubauer
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Experimental Limnology, 16775 Neuglobsow, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthew P Tonge
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Judith A Rosentreter
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley D Eyre
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Elisabeth Deschaseaux
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M Oakes
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
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7
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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8
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Sheng C, He X, Shen N, Han T, Chen J, Liu C, Li X. Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment- porewater system of two mariculture sites. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140109. [PMID: 37689146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, understanding the fate of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in benthic environments on which cultivated shellfish depend is still limited. In this work, the occurrence, concentration levels, and phase distributions of LMATs in the benthic environments of two mariculture sites (Sishili and Rongcheng Bays) in China were investigated for the first time. Five LMATs: okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), gymnodimine, 13-desmethyl spirolide C, and azaspiracid-2 (AZA2) and three derivatives: dinophysistoxin-1 isomer (DTX1-iso), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, and 7-epi- pectenotoxin-2 seco acid were detected in different environmental samples. OA and PTX2 were the dominant LMATs in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) and sediment, whereas AZA2 was present in the sediment only. Notably, DTX1-iso was found for the first time to be widely distributed in the benthic environments of the bays. In BBL, the average proportion of LMATs in the dissolved phase (99.20%) was much higher than in the particulate phase (0.80%). Partition of LMATs was more balanced between sediment porewater (57.80% average proportion) and sediment (42.20%). The concentrations of ∑LMATs in the BBL seawater ranged from 19.09 ng/L to 41.57 ng/L (mean of 32.67 ng/L), and the spatial distribution trend was higher in offshore than nearshore. ∑LMATs concentrations in the sediment and porewater of the two bays ranged from 17.04 ng/kg to 150.13 ng/kg (mean of 53.58 ng/kg) and from 8.29 ng/L to 120.58 ng/L (mean of 46.63 ng/L), respectively. Their spatial distributions differed from those in BBL, showing a trend of high concentrations in areas with heavy land-based inputs. ∑LMATs concentrations in porewater were significantly higher than those in BBL seawaters, suggesting that the potential hazards of LMATs to benthic organisms may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xiuping He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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9
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Allen DJ, Huang J, Farrell M, Mosley LM. Novel insight into ammonium, phosphate, and iron(II) dynamics in the sediment porewater of a constructed wetland under artificial aeration through the diffusive equilibrium in thin films technique. Environ Res 2023; 236:116746. [PMID: 37517502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of porewater concentrations in constructed wetland sediments could help to understand biogeochemical processes, the sources and sinks of nutrients, and their effect on overlying water quality. In this study, we measured high-resolution porewater concentration profiles of ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3N), phosphate (PO43--P), and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) in-situ in the Laratinga constructed wetland in Mount Barker (South Australia) using diffusive equilibration in thin films (DET) techniques. Measurements were taken under light and dark conditions, and non-aerated and aerated conditions to determine the effect on sediment porewater nutrient concentrations. Baseline surface water nutrient concentrations (NH4+-N > 36 mg L-1, PO43--P > 0.43 mg L-1) greatly exceeded water quality guideline criteria. Aeration of the water column alleviated night-time hypoxic conditions (i.e. dissolved oxygen increased from a minimum of 0.7 mg L-1 to a minimum of 4 mg L-1), and increased the redox potential in the sediment. Significant differences were present for NH4+-N, PO43--P, and Fe(II) concentrations with depth in the sediment. Ammonium concentrations in the sediment reduced under aerated conditions, presumably due to enhanced nitrification. However it was observed that PO43--P and Fe(II) concentrations increased significantly with aeration, especially under dark conditions, and were strongly correlated (R2>0.8). This was not what was hypothesised and points to complex interactions between Fe and P in the sediment. Nitrate concentrations in the sediment were below the detection limit (<0.9 mg L-1) which suggests limited nitrification-denitrification is occurring. Overall the results suggest that DET techniques are useful tools for quantifying porewater concentrations of nutrients in constructed wetlands under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Kaurna Country, Gate 4 Waite Road, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Jianyin Huang
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Kaurna Country, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Kaurna Country, Gate 4 Waite Road, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Luke M Mosley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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10
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Gao Z, Guo H, Chen D, Yu C, He C, Shi Q, Qiao W, Kersten M. Transformation of dissolved organic matter and related arsenic mobility at a surface water-groundwater interface in the Hetao Basin, China. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122202. [PMID: 37453683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Porewater arsenic mobility above the groundwater table has been recognized as a potential cause of arsenic-rich groundwater, but the processing pathways of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in that hyporheic zone and their effect on porewater arsenic release remain poorly understood. To address these issues, two porewater profiles were sampled in a surface water-groundwater interaction zone from the Hetao Basin, China, to monitor the porewater geochemistry and DOM molecular characteristics. The results show that the porewater arsenic, Fe(II), and DOC concentrations were all significantly higher than those of the intruding pond water, and were located above the conservative mixing model lines. This indicates a net release of these solutes from the sediment. By comparing the porewater with pond water DOM, we found that the carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) were selectively preserved, carbohydrates and aliphatics/proteins were preferentially consumed, and low O/C-ratio compounds with high bioproduction index (I_bioprod) and terrestrial index (I_terr) were produced. The transformation of CHO to CHOS compounds also represented a pathway of recalcitrant DOM production. The produced recalcitrant organic compounds mostly contributed to the elevated porewater DOC concentrations, but their contribution decreased along the filtration path. The consumption of labile DOM compounds would be responsible for Fe(III) hydroxide reduction and arsenic release. The generated recalcitrant DOM may also be a driver of porewater arsenic mobility by acting as electron shuttles. This study highlights the importance of the hyporheic zone in shaping shallow groundwater DOM composition and the potential contribution to arsenic enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Dou Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chen Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China
| | - Wen Qiao
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Michael Kersten
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, 55099, Germany
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11
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Risacher FF, Schneider H, Drygiannaki I, Conder J, Pautler BG, Jackson AW. A review of peeper passive sampling approaches to measure the availability of inorganics in sediment porewater. Environ Pollut 2023; 328:121581. [PMID: 37054866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediment porewater dialysis passive samplers, also known as "peepers," are inert containers with a small volume of water (usually 1-100 mL) capped with a semi-permeable membrane. When exposed to sediment over a period of days to weeks, chemicals (typically inorganics) in sediment porewater diffuse through the membrane into the water. Subsequent analysis of chemicals in the peeper water sample can provide a value that represents the concentrations of freely-dissolved chemicals in sediment, a useful measurement for understanding fate and risk. Despite more than 45 years of peeper uses in peer-reviewed research, there are no standardized methods available, which limits the application of peepers for more routine regulatory-driven decision making at sediment sites. In hopes of taking a step towards standardizing peeper methods for measuring inorganics in sediment porewater, over 85 research documents on peepers were reviewed to identify example applications, key methodological aspects, and potential uncertainties. The review found that peepers could be improved by optimizing volume and membrane geometry to decrease the necessary deployment time, decrease detection limits, and provide sufficient sample volumes needed for commercial analytical laboratories using standardized analytical methods. Several methodological uncertainties related to the potential impact of oxygen presence in peeper water prior to deployment and oxygen accumulation in peepers after retrieval from sediment were noted, especially for redox-sensitive metals. Additional areas that need further development include establishing the impact of deionized water in peeper cells when used in marine sediment and use of pre-equilibration sampling methods with reverse tracers allowing shorter deployment periods. Overall, it is expected that highlighting these technical aspects and research needs will encourage work to address critical methodological challenges, aiding in the standardization of peeper methods for measuring porewater concentrations at contaminated regulatory-driven sediment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent F Risacher
- Geosyntec Consultants, 135 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5J2, Canada.
| | - Haley Schneider
- Geosyntec Consultants, 924 Anacapa St Ste 4A, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | | | - Jason Conder
- Geosyntec Consultants, 3530 Hyland Ave, Suite 100, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Brent G Pautler
- SiREM, 130 Stone Rd. West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 3Z2, Canada
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12
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Chételat J, Palmer MJ, Paudyn K, Jamieson H, Amyot M, Harris R, Hesslein R, Pelletier N, Peraza I. Remobilization of legacy arsenic from sediment in a large subarctic waterbody impacted by gold mining. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131230. [PMID: 36989775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination from mining poses an environmental challenge due to the mobility of this redox-sensitive element. This study evaluated arsenic mobility in sediments of Yellowknife Bay (Canada), a large subarctic water body impacted by gold mining during the 20th century. Short-term measurements of arsenic flux from sediment, arsenic profiling of the water column and sediment porewater, and mass balance modelling were conducted to assess the importance of sediment as an arsenic source. Sediment arsenic fluxes were highly variable throughout Yellowknife Bay and ranged from - 65-1520 µg m-2 day-1. Elevated fluxes measured near the mine site were among the highest published for well-oxygenated lakes. Redox boundaries were typically 2-3 cm below the sediment surface as indicated by porewater profiles of iron, manganese, and arsenic, with arsenic maxima of 65-3220 µg L-1 predominately as arsenite. Sediment arsenic flux was positively related to its solid-phase concentration. Modelling indicated sediment was a principal source of arsenic to the water column. Adsorption and precipitation processes in the oxidizing environment of near-surface sediments did not effectively attenuate arsenic remobilized from contaminated sediments. Internal recycling of legacy arsenic between sediment and surface water will impede a return to background conditions in Yellowknife Bay for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chételat
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael J Palmer
- North Slave Research Centre, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora College, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Katrina Paudyn
- School of Environmental Studies, Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Jamieson
- School of Environmental Studies, Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reed Harris
- Reed Harris Environmental Ltd., Oakville, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Pelletier
- Carleton University, Geography and Environmental Studies, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ines Peraza
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Turetta C, Barbaro E, Skidmore ML, Gambaro A, Michaud AB, Mitchell AC, Vick-Majors TJ, Priscu JC, Barbante C. Trace element, rare earth element and trace carbon compounds in Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2023:164480. [PMID: 37263426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) lies beneath 801 m of ice in the lower portion of the Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) in West Antarctica and is part of an extensive and active subglacial drainage network. Here, the geochemical characterization of SLW rare earth elements (REE), trace elements (TE), free amino acids (FAA), and phenolic compounds (PC) measured in lakewater and sediment porewater are reported. The results show, on average, higher values of REEs in the lakewater than in the porewater, and clear changes in all REE concentrations and select redox sensitive trace element concentrations in porewaters at a depth of ~15 cm in the 38 cm lake sediment core. This is consistent with prior results on the lake sediment redox conditions based on gas chemistry and microbiological data. Low concentrations of vanillyl phenols were measured in the SLW water column with higher concentrations in porewater samples and their concentration profiles in the sediments may also reflect changing redox conditions in the sediments. Vanillin concentrations increased with depth in the sediments as oxygenation decreases, while the concentrations of vanillic acid, the more oxidized component, were higher in the more oxygenated surface sediments. Collectively these results indicate redox changes occurring with the upper 38 cm of sediment in SLW and provide support for the existence of a seawater source, already hypothesized, in the sediments below the lowest measured depth, and of a complex and dynamic geochemical system beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our results are the first to detail geochemical properties from an Antarctic subglacial environment using direct sampling technology. Due to their isolation from the wider environment, subglacial lakes represent one of our planets last pristine environments that provide habitats for microbial life and natural biogeochemical cycles but also impact the basal hydrology and can cause ice flow variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy.
| | - Mark L Skidmore
- Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Andrew C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Trista J Vick-Majors
- Department of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - John C Priscu
- Polar Oceans Research Group, Sheridan, MT 59749, USA
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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14
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Mandal A, Ghosh A, Saha R, Bhadury P. Seasonal variability of modern benthic foraminifera assemblages in a mangrove ecosystem from northeast coastal Bay of Bengal. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114679. [PMID: 36860022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benthic foraminifera assemblages, nutrient dynamics of surface and porewater from 10 intertidal sites spanning over two years (2019-2020) covering two major estuaries in Sundarbans mangrove were evaluated to understand role of seasonal precipitation and primary production (driven by eddy nutrients) with a focus on standing crop. Benthic foraminifera abundance ranged between 280 individuals/10 cc in pre-monsoon (2019), 415 individuals/10 cc in post-monsoon 2019 and 630 individuals/10 cc in post-monsoon (2020). Standing crop was highest in post-monsoon coinciding with eddy nutrients driven stoichiometry and increase in abundance of large diatom cells. Calcareous and agglutinated foraminifer taxa Ammonia sp.1, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Entzia macrescens and Textularia sp. respectively were frequent. Entzia macrescens was found in dense mangrove vegetation sites; exhibited strong relationship with sediment texture and pore water total organic carbon. One of the major findings is mangroves with pneumatophores improves oxygen availability in sediment and leads to an increase in standing crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprava Mandal
- Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratul Saha
- WWF-India Sundarbans Landscape, Wildlife and Habitats Division, 22 Biplabi Ambika Chakraborty Sarani, Kolkata 700029, West Bengal, India
| | - Punyasloke Bhadury
- Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Lee HJ, Jang YL, Jeong H, Jeong DY, Kim GB. Techniques for monitoring bioavailable organic pollutants in sediment: Application of poly(methyl methacrylate) as a passive sampler. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114271. [PMID: 36330937 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) passive sampler was applied to harbor sediment to examine whether the substrate could be used as a tool to measure freely dissolved concentrations of contaminants. An ex situ method required at least 1 g of PMMA to detect freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment with <100 ng/g dry weight. Two weeks were sufficient to reach equilibrium under 180 rpm for PAHs with a molar volume of <250 cm3/mol. For the in situ method, a deployment time of four months was sufficient to measure PAHs with a molar volume up to 250 cm3/mol in the sediment bed. The PMMA passive sampler could be used to measure the bioavailable fraction of PAHs in porewater, reflecting the complex properties of sediment with strong sorption such as black carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Lee Jang
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Jeong
- Korean Seas Geosystem Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeong Jeong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; College of Marine Science, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wang D, Tang X, Li R, Wu X. Electrokinetic geosynthetics restrained nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water through porewater drainage. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135674. [PMID: 35835238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Porewater is the primary carrier of sediment nitrogen and a crucial source of overlying water nitrogen; its separation thus is essential for restraining nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water. We developed a novel device using electrokinetic geosynthetics to drain porewater with nitrogen and restrain nitrogen release. A batch experiment lasted 1120 h (about 47 days) was conducted with 20 cm depth of overlying water under three conditions, i.e., undrained at 0 V/cm voltage gradient (control), drained at 0 V/cm, and drained at 0.5 V/cm. Under the pulsed direct current, once porewater drained, overlying water replenished sediment pore space and supplied porewater. Along with porewater drainage, sediment nitrogen concentration was reduced by 11%-30%, decreasing nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water from 83 mg/m2 in the first 100 h to -95 mg/m2 after about 600 h. Processes such as electroosmosis, electromigration, and redox reaction contributed to the restraint on nitrogen release. This research revealed the potentiality of applying electrokinetic geosynthetics to in-situ restraint on sediment nitrogen release in eutrophic waterbodies such as fishponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
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17
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Washburn SJ, Damond J, Sanders JP, Gilmour CC, Ghosh U. Uptake Mechanisms of a Novel, Activated Carbon-Based Equilibrium Passive Sampler for Estimating Porewater Methylmercury. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:2052-2064. [PMID: 35698924 PMCID: PMC9420783 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe the validation of a novel polymeric equilibrium passive sampler comprised of agarose gel with embedded activated carbon particles (ag+AC), to estimate aqueous monomethylmercury (MeHg) concentrations. Sampler behavior was tested using a combination of idealized media and realistic sediment microcosms. Isotherm bottle experiments with ag+AC polymers were conducted to constrain partitioning to these materials by various environmentally relevant species of MeHg bound to dissolved organic matter (MeHgDOM) across a range of sizes and character. Log of partitioning coefficients for passive samplers (Kps ) ranged from 1.98 ± 0.09 for MeHg bound to Suwannee River humic acid to 3.15 ± 0.05 for MeHg complexed with Upper Mississippi River natural organic matter. Reversible equilibrium exchange of environmentally relevant MeHg species was demonstrated through a series of dual isotope-labeled exchange experiments. Isotopically labeled MeHgDOM species approached equilibrium in the samplers over 14 days, while mass balance was maintained, providing strong evidence that the ag+AC polymer material is capable of equilibrium measurements of environmentally relevant MeHg species within a reasonable deployment time frame. Samplers deployed across the sediment-water interface of sediment microcosms estimated both overlying water and porewater MeHg concentrations within a factor of 2 to 4 of measured values, based on the average measured Kps values for species of MeHg bound to natural organic matter in the isotherm experiments. Taken together, our results indicate that ag+AC polymers, used as equilibrium samplers, can provide accurate MeHg estimations across many site chemistries, with a simple back-calculation based on a standardized Kps. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2052-2064. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J. Washburn
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees
Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, United States
| | - Jada Damond
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental
Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County, 5200 Westland Blvd., Baltimore,
Maryland 21250, United States
| | - James P. Sanders
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC 20460, United States
| | - Cynthia C. Gilmour
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees
Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental
Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County, 5200 Westland Blvd., Baltimore,
Maryland 21250, United States
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18
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Santore RC, Toll JE, DeForest DK, Croteau K, Baldwin A, Bergquist B, McPeek K, Tobiason K, Judd NL. Refining our understanding of metal bioavailability in sediments using information from porewater: Application of a multimetal biotic ligand model as an extension of the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:1335-1347. [PMID: 34953029 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs) derived by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2005 provide a mechanistic framework for understanding metal bioavailability in sediments by considering equilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory, which predicts that metal bioavailability in sediments is determined largely by partitioning to sediment particles. Factors that favor the partitioning of metals to sediment particles, such as the presence of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and sediment organic matter, reduce metal bioavailability to benthic organisms. Because ESBs link metal bioavailability to partitioning to particles, they also predict that measuring metals in porewater can lead to a more accurate assessment of bioavailability and toxicity to benthic organisms. At the time of their development, sediment ESBs based on the analysis of porewater metal concentrations were limited to comparison with hardness-dependent metals criteria for the calculation of interstitial water benchmark units (IWBUs). However, the multimetal biotic ligand model (mBLM) provides a more comprehensive assessment of porewater metal concentrations, because it considers factors in addition to hardness, such as pH and dissolved organic carbon, and allows for interactions between metals. To evaluate the utility of the various sediment and porewater ESBs, four Hyalella azteca bioassay studies were identified that included sediment and porewater measurements of metals and porewater bioavailability parameters. Evaluations of excess simultaneously extracted metals, IWBUs, and mBLM toxic units (TUs) were compared among the bioassay studies. For porewater, IWBUs and mBLM TUs were calculated using porewater metal concentrations from samples collected using centrifugation and peepers. The percentage of correct predictions of toxicity was calculated for each benchmark comparison. The mBLM-based assessment using peeper data provided the most accurate predictions for the greatest number of samples among the evaluation methods considered. This evaluation demonstrates the value of porewater-based evaluations in conjunction with sediment chemistry in understanding toxicity observed in bioassay studies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1335-1347. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Toll
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Baldwin
- Windward Environmental LLC, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Kate McPeek
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Judd
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Judd NL, Toll JE, McPeek K, Baldwin A, Bergquist B, Tobiason K, DeForest DK, Santore RC. Collection and use of porewater data from sediment bioassay studies for understanding exposure to bioavailable metals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:1321-1334. [PMID: 34664778 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Metal Mixtures (Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Silver and Zinc) equilibrium partitioning approach causally link metal concentrations and toxicological effects; they apply to sediment and porewater (i.e., interstitial water). The evaluation of bioavailable metal concentrations in porewater, using tools such as the biotic ligand model, provides an advancement that complements sediment-based evaluations. However, porewater characterization is less commonly performed in sediment bioassays than sediment chemistry characterization due to the difficulty and expense of porewater collection as well as concerns about interpretation of porewater data. This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different porewater extraction methods for analysis of metals and bioavailability parameters during laboratory sediment bioassays, with a focus on peepers and centrifugation. The purpose is to provide recommendations to generate bioassay porewater data of sufficient quality for use in risk-based decision-making, such as for regulated cleanup actions. Comparisons of paired data from previous bioassay studies indicate that metal porewater concentrations collected via centrifugation tend to be higher than those collected via peepers. However, centrifugation disrupts the redox status of the sediment; also, metal concentrations can vary markedly based on centrifugation conditions. Data to compare the concentrations of peeper- and centrifugation-collected bioavailability parameters (e.g., major ions, pH) are much more limited, but indicate smaller differences than those observed for metal concentrations. While peepers can be sampled without altering the redox status of the porewater, the small volume of porewater peepers collected is enough for metal concentration analysis, but insufficient for analysis of all metal bioavailability parameters. Given the benefits of metal collection via peepers, it is optimal to use centrifugation and peepers in tandem for bioassay porewater collection to improve bioavailability predictions. Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1321-1334. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Judd
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John E Toll
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kate McPeek
- Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy Baldwin
- Windward Environmental LLC, Syracuse, New York, USA
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20
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Castillejos Sepúlveda A, Gatti LM, Kerl CF, Chennu A, Klatt JM. Arsenic speciation analysis in porewater by a novel colorimetric assay. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154155. [PMID: 35231514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is common toxic contaminant, but tracking its mobility through submerged soils is difficult because microscale processes dictate its speciation and affinity to minerals. Analyses on environmental dissolved arsenic (As) species such as arsenate and arsenite currently require highly specialized equipment and large sample volumes. In an effort to unravel arsenic dynamics in sedimentary porewater, a novel, highly sensitive, and field-usable colorimetric assay requiring 100 μL of sample was developed. Two complementary protocols are presented, suitable for sub-micromolar and micromolar ranges. Phosphate is a main interfering substance, but can be separated by measuring phosphate and arsenate under two different acidities. Arsenite is assessed by oxidation of arsenite to arsenate in the low-acidity reagent. Optimization of the protocol and spectral analyses resulted in elimination of various interferences (silicate, iron, sulfide, sulfate), and the assay is applicable across a wide range of salinities and porewater compositions. The new assay was used to study As mobilization processes through the soil of a contaminated brook. Water column sources of arsenic were limited to a modest input by a groundwater source along the flow path. In one of the sites, the arsenite and arsenate porewater profiles showed active iron-driven As redox cycling in the soil, which may play a role in arsenic mobilization and releases arsenite and arsenate into the brook water column. Low arsenic concentrations downstream from the source sites indicated arsenic retention by soil and dilution with additional sources of water. Arsenic is thus retained by the Bossegraben before it merges with larger rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lais M Gatti
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carolin F Kerl
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Arjun Chennu
- Data Science and Technology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - Judith M Klatt
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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21
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Qin C, Xu X, Peck E. Sink or source? Insights into the behavior of copper and zinc in the sediment porewater of a constructed wetland by peepers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153127. [PMID: 35051472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The H-02 free water surface constructed wetland has been applied to remove heavy metals, mainly copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), from wastewater on the Savannah River Site (Aiken, SC, USA). More and more studies focus on the metal behavior between the sediment and the overlying water, which directly reflects the stability of metals after sedimentation in constructed wetlands. This study focused on the biogeochemical pathways in metal bioavailability and remobilization in the sediment after metals were removed from the overlying water. The dialysis sampling device (peeper) was used to collect porewater samples from eight depths in the sediment for the measurement of Cu, Zn, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and major anions (sulfate and chloride). Surface water samples were also collected for the measurement of Cu, Zn, DOC, and anions. Different temporal trends were observed for dissolved Cu between the surface and bottom waters, but not for dissolved Zn. There were no obvious changes in porewater metal concentrations with increasing depths in the sediment. Sediment served as a sink for Cu as only 3% of porewater samples showed higher labile Cu concentrations than the surface water during the entire year, and these samples were collected below the sediment-water interface. However, sediment served as a source for Zn in summer and winter as 32% of porewater samples showed higher labile Zn concentrations than the surface water, and these samples were collected at all sediment depths. We think the seasonal changes in the behaviors of Cu and Zn are primarily controlled by the sulfur dynamics and the metal removal processes in the constructed wetland, as well as the different complexing chemistry between Cu and Zn. Also, our study supports that peeper is a powerful tool for studying the biogeochemistry of metals in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Qin
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Erin Peck
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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22
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Zhao Z, Li S, Wang S, Liao J, Lu W, Tan D, Yang D. Heavy metal characteristics in porewater profiles, their benthic fluxes, and toxicity in cascade reservoirs of the Lancang River, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:36013-36022. [PMID: 35061179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The construction of cascade reservoirs on the Lancang River (the upper Mekong) has an important influence on the distribution and accumulation of heavy metals. Heavy metal contents in porewater provide vital information about their bioavailability, studies on this aspect are rare until now. In this study, sediment cores were collected from four adjacent cascade reservoirs in the upper Mekong River to study the distribution, potential sources, diffusive fluxes and toxicity of heavy metals in porewater. The findings indicated that the average contents of Mn, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the sediment porewater were 6442, 644, 11.50, 2.62, 1.23, 3.95, 0.031, and 0.24 µg/L, respectively; these contents varied as the sediment depth increased. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources, As, Mn and Fe were primarily affected by natural inputs, and Ni was affected by a combination of natural and anthropogenic effects. The diffusive fluxes of Mn, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the cascade reservoirs of the Lancang River were 919 - 35,022, 2.12 - 2881, 0.17 - 750, 0.71 - 7.70, 2.30 - 31.18, (-3.35) - 6.40, 0.06 - 0.54, and (-0.52) - 4.08 µg/(m2 day), respectively. The results of toxic units suggested that the contamination and toxicity of heavy metals in porewater were not serious. Overall, in the cascade reservoirs, the content and toxicity of heavy metals in porewater of the upstream reservoirs were higher than that of the downstream reservoirs. The operation of the cascade reservoirs enabled greater accumulation of contaminants in sediments of the upstream reservoirs. This research gives strong support for the prevention of heavy metal contamination and the sustainability of water resources under the running condition of cascade reservoirs on such a large international river (the Lancang-Mekong River).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shehong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Shilu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Di Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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23
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Zang K, Zhang G, Xu X, Zheng N, Xiong H, Hong H, Jiang K, Liang M. Methane emission via sediment and water interface in the Bohai Sea, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:465-474. [PMID: 35459509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sediment is recognized as the largest reservoir and source of methane (CH4) in the ocean, especially in the shallow coastal areas. To date, few data of CH4 concentration in sediment have been reported in the China shelf seas. In this study, we measured CH4 concentration in sediment and overlying seawater columns, and conducted an incubation experiment in the Bohai Sea in May 2017. CH4 concentration was found to be ranged from 3.075 to 1.795 μmol/L in sediment, which was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in overlying seawater columns. The surface sediment was an important source of CH4, while bottom seawater acted as its sink. Furthermore, the net emission rate via sediment water interface (SWI) was calculated as 2.45 μmol/(m2∙day) based on the incubation experiment at station 73, and the earthquake may enhance CH4 release from sediment to seawater column in the eastern Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Zang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haoyu Xiong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haixiang Hong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Miao Liang
- Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Camargo K, Vogelbein MA, Horney JA, Dellapenna TM, Knap AH, Sericano JL, Wade TL, McDonald TJ, Chiu WA, Unger MA. Biosensor applications in contaminated estuaries: Implications for disaster research response. Environ Res 2022; 204:111893. [PMID: 34419473 PMCID: PMC8639622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the time and monetary costs associated with traditional analytical chemistry, there remains a need to rapidly characterize environmental samples for priority analysis, especially within disaster research response (DR2). As PAHs are both ubiquitous and occur as complex mixtures at many National Priority List sites, these compounds are of interest for post-disaster exposures. OBJECTIVE This study tests the field application of the KinExA Inline Biosensor in Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel (GB/HSC) and in the Elizabeth River, characterizing the PAH profiles of these region's soils and sediments. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the biosensor to include soils. METHODS The biosensor enables calculation of total free PAHs in porewater (C free), which is confirmed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. To determine potential risk of the collected soils the United States Environmental Protection (USEPA) Agency's Regional Screening Level (RSL) Calculator is used along with the USEPA Region 4 Ecological Screening Values (R4-ESV) and Refined Screening Values (R4-RSV). RESULTS Based on GC-MS results, all samples had PAH-related hazard indices below 1, indicating low noncarcinogenic risks, but some samples exceeded screening levels for PAH-associated cancer risks. Combining biosensor-based C free with Total Organic Carbon yields predictions highly correlated (r > 0.5) both with total PAH concentrations as well as with hazard indices and cancer risks. Additionally, several individual parent PAH concentrations in both the GB/HSC and Elizabeth River sediments exceeded the R4- ESV and R4-RSV values, indicating a need for follow-up sediment studies. CONCLUSIONS The resulting data support the utility of the biosensor for future DR2 efforts to characterize PAH contamination, enabling preliminary PAH exposure risk screening to aid in prioritization of environmental sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisa Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Texas A&M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Mary Ann Vogelbein
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Jennifer A Horney
- Epidemiology Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Timothy M Dellapenna
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77554, USA
| | - Anthony H Knap
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Texas A&M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Jose L Sericano
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Texas A&M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Terry L Wade
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Texas A&M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Thomas J McDonald
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences - Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology (IFT), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael A Unger
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA.
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25
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Alves AV, Ferraz MA, Moreno BB, Nobre CR, Antunes RM, Pusceddu FH, Bordon ICDCL, Favaro DIT, Cotrim MEB, Choueri RB. Microscale Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) for interstitial water of estuarine sediments affected by multiple sources of pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:10122-10137. [PMID: 34510342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries in the world are affected by different contamination sources related to urbanisation and port/industrial activities. Identifying the substances responsible for the environmental toxicity in estuaries is challenging due to the multitude of stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) is a suitable way of determining causes of toxicity of sediments, but it poses difficulties since its application is labour intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis provided by a TIE based on microscale embryotoxicity tests with interstitial water (IW) to identify toxicants in estuarine sediments affected by multiple stressors. TIE showed toxicity due to different combinations of metals, apolar organic compounds, ammonia and sulphides, depending on the contamination source closest to the sampling station. The microscale TIE was able to discern different toxicants on sites subject to different contamination sources. There is good agreement between the results indicated in the TIE and the chemical analyses in whole sediment, although there are some disagreements, either due to the sensitivity of the test used, or due to the particularities of the use of interstitial water to assess the sediment toxicity. The improvement of TIE methods focused on identifying toxicants in multiple-stressed estuarine areas are crucial to discern contamination sources and subsidise management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Vecchio Alves
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise Ambiental Integrada, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema/Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aliceda Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barbosa Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP), Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante D. Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Medeiros Antunes
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hermes Pusceddu
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-101Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Cristina da Costa Leal Bordon
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Deborah Inês Teixeira Favaro
- IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Centro do Reator de Pesquisa (CRPq), Avenida. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marycel Elena Barbosa Cotrim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Centro de Quimica e Meio Ambiente (CQMA), Avenida. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun L, Liang X, Jin M, Zhang X. Sources and fate of excessive ammonium in the Quaternary sediments on the Dongting Plain, China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150479. [PMID: 34583081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive ammonia-nitrogen (N) in aquifers has caused groundwater pollution on the Dongting Plain (DTP), which seriously threatens the safety of drinking water. It is urgent and necessary to determine the sources and enrichment mechanisms of ammonia-N in groundwater. Carrying out water and soil collaborative research on a three-dimensional scale can more comprehensively analyze the sources of N, including natural and anthropogenic sources. In this study, surface and groundwater quality characteristics were examined from a total of 77 sites on the DTP. Two subsequent boreholes were drilled in the high ammonia concentration area and normal groundwater area, respectively, to compare the effects of anthropogenic activities. Indicators from hydrogeochemical and pedogeochemical analyses, as well as various isotopes, including δ15N-NH4+, δ15N-TON, δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O, δD-H2O, and δ13C-TOC were used to identify ammonium sources and transformation mechanisms in the strata. We found that the sediments were contaminated by manure and sewage in the aquifers, and part of the shallow groundwater was additionally contaminated by nitrogen fertilizers. Excessive ammonium-N was also detected in the deep aquitards and sediments, which were mainly dominated by mineralization. Ammonia oxidation (with weak hydroxylamine oxidation) is an important biogeochemical process in which ammonia and nitrate do not accumulate in oxidizing groundwater environments. However, heterotrophic nitrification (HN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) are the release mechanisms for excessive ammonium-N under reducing conditions. In addition, organic matter (OM) on the DTP had a wide range of biogeochemical proxies generated by phytoplankton within a lake, and the comparatively resilient terrestrial organic residues washed in from the surrounding terrestrial area. This study breaks through the conventional mechanisms for the release of excessive ammonium from sediments to aquifers, which provides new ideas for research on ammonium in sediments and ammonia in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xing Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Menggui Jin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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Chen Y, Liu X, Yuan S, Dong F, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y. Accumulation of epoxiconazole from soil via oleic acid-embedded cellulose acetate membranes and bioavailability evaluation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118283. [PMID: 34619177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A passive sampler in the soil environment is a relatively novel technique and has had quite limited applications, especially for pesticides. Oleic acid-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (OECAMs) were developed to evaluate the bioavailability of epoxiconazole (EPO) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The uptake of EPO by OECAMs (R2 = 0.975) and earthworms (R2 = 0.938) was compared and found to follow a two-compartment kinetic model. EPO sampling by OECAMs reached equilibrium (94%) within 2 d. OECAM could be used to determine the concentration of EPO in soil porewater. Furthermore, a significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.990) was observed between the EPO concentrations in earthworms and the OECAMs. The EPO concentrations in the porewater and OECAMs were lower in soils with a higher organic matter (OM) content. The EPO concentrations in the porewater, earthworms, and OECAMs decreased by 64.4, 49.0, and 56.1%, respectively, in the presence of 0.5% biochar, compared with the control. Furthermore, the use of OECAMs versus earthworms for soil testing also allows you to avoid factors that increase variance in organisms, such as avoidance behaviors or feeding. Therefore, OECAMs show good potential for use as a passive sampler to evaluate the bioavailability of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shankui Yuan
- Environment Division, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Muthukumar P, Selvam S, Babu DSS, Roy PD, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Elzain HE. Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Tiruchendur coast at southeast India using 222Rn as a naturally occurring tracer. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113233. [PMID: 34902766 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of natural tracers such as radon isotope mass balance has been useful in estimating the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). This study used 222Rn and evaluated the magnitude of SGD at Tiruchendur coast of southeast India in the Gulf of Mannar (Indian Ocean). Higher magnitudes of 222Rn in the porewater and seawater in comparison with the groundwater suggest simultaneous SGD with fluxes of 0.1-0.25 m3 m-2 d-1 at offshore and 0.4-0.20 m3 m-2 d-1 at the near shore. These baseline data would contribute to the management and protection of the Gulf of Mannar region in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muthukumar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; Registration No: 19212232221045, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D S Suresh Babu
- Centre for Earth Sciences Studies, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 031, India
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Y Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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29
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Cervi EC, Hudson M, Rentschler A, Clark S, Brown SS, Burton GA. Evaluation of Capping Materials to Reduce Zinc Flux from Sediments in a Former Mining Pit Lake. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:193-200. [PMID: 34856002 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wilson Mine is a former vanadium mine site located in the Ouachita Mountains near Hot Springs, Arkansas. The site, which drains via two streams to Lake Catherine, has undergone extensive reclamation to significantly reduce groundwater and surface water contact with mine spoils. One of the streams passes through a former mine pit forming East Wilson Pond, and flux from pit lake sediments can result in elevated metal, that is, zinc (Zn), concentrations in overlying water. To mitigate potential risks, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of capping materials for partitioning Zn-contaminated sediments from overlying water in East Wilson Pond. A 28-day laboratory study compared the effectiveness of capping materials including combinations of limestone, bentonite clay, and gravel for mitigating Zn flux, including under reasonable worst-case conditions (pH 5.5) encountered in the hypolimnion. Dissolved Zn was monitored over time in overlying water and in sediment porewaters within untreated controls and within the capping layer of treated systems. The use of limestone and/or bentonite clay improved buffering capacity compared to the noncapped control, and pH declined gradually but only modestly in the overlying water and porewater of all treated systems. Concentrations of Zn in overlying water of the noncapped control increased from approximately 30 to 100 µg/L during the study period, while concentrations in the overlying water and porewater of systems containing capping materials remained low (10-30 µg/L). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the capping materials for neutralizing pH and reducing Zn flux, and a three-layer cap consisting of limestone (top) + bentonite clay (middle) + gravel (bottom) was determined to be most effective. These results were used to inform the selection of materials for the application of a cap to reduce Zn flux from the pit lake sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:193-200. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cimino Cervi
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michelle Hudson
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison Rentschler
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Clark
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven S Brown
- Environmental Remediation and Restoration, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | - G Allen Burton
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wieder RK, Vile MA, Scott KD, Quinn JC, Albright CM, McMillen KJ, Herron C, Fillingim H. Is bog water chemistry affected by increasing N and S deposition from oil sands development in Northern Alberta, Canada? Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:766. [PMID: 34731304 PMCID: PMC8566411 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur emissions from oil sands operations in northern Alberta, Canada have resulted in increasing deposition of N and S to the region's ecosystems. To assess whether a changing N and S deposition regime affects bog porewater chemistry, we sampled bog porewater at sites at different distances from the oil sands industrial center from 2009 to 2012 (10-cm intervals to a depth of 1 m) and from 2009 to 2019 (top of the bog water table only). We hypothesized that: (1) as atmospheric N and S deposition increases with increasing proximity to the oil sands industrial center, surface porewater concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, DON, and SO42- would increase and (2) with increasing N and S deposition, elevated porewater concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, DON, and SO42- would be manifested increasingly deeper into the peat profile. We found weak evidence that oil sands N and S emissions affect bog porewater NH4+-N, NO3--N, or DON concentrations. We found mixed evidence that increasing SO42- deposition results in increasing porewater SO42- concentrations. Current SO42- deposition, especially at bogs closest to the oil sands industrial center, likely exceeds the ability of the Sphagnum moss layer to retain S through net primary production, such that atmospherically deposited SO42- infiltrates downward into the peat column. Increasing porewater SO42- availability may stimulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction and/or inhibit CH4 production, potentially affecting carbon cycling and gaseous fluxes in these bogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kelman Wieder
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Alberta, T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Melanie A Vile
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Alberta, T9S 3A3, Canada
- Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Kimberli D Scott
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - James C Quinn
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Cara M Albright
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Kelly J McMillen
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
- Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Caitlyn Herron
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Hope Fillingim
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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31
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Donohoe RM, Duke BM, Clark SL, Joab BM, Dugan JE, Hubbard DM, DaSilva AR, Anderson MJ. Toxicity of Refugio Beach Oil to Sand Crabs (Emerita analoga), Blue Mussels (Mytilus sp.), and Inland Silversides (Menidia beryllina). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:2578-2586. [PMID: 34192809 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monterey formation crude oil spilled from an onshore pipeline and entered the surf zone near Refugio State Beach, Santa Barbara County, California (USA) on 19 May 2015. During this season, early life stages of many marine fish and invertebrates were present. Surf zone water and beach porewater samples were collected during the 4 mo after the spill and 2 yr later for chemical analyses. Elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were observed in surf zone water and porewater near the release point, declining with distance and time. Early life stage toxicity was investigated by conducting 6- and 7-d static renewal bioassays with sand crab (Emerita analoga) post larvae (megalopae) and inland silverside larvae (Menidia beryllina), respectively, and a 48-h blue mussel (Mytilus sp.) embryo development bioassay. Dilutions of a high-energy water accommodated fraction of the Refugio Beach oil and a seawater control were prepared to simulate surf zone PAH concentrations (nominal PAH45 ; 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µg/L). The PAH45 median lethal concentrations (LC50s), based on measured concentrations, were 381 µg/L for Mytilus sp., 75.6 µg/L for Menidia, and 40.9 µg/L for Emerita. Our results suggest that PAH concentrations in coastal waters of the spill-affected area were potentially lethal to early life stages of fish and invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2578-2586. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Donohoe
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bryand M Duke
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Bruce M Joab
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jenifer E Dugan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - David M Hubbard
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - April R DaSilva
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael J Anderson
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
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32
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Turner T, Wheeler R, Oliver I. Assessing the Impacts of Land Spreading Water-Treatment Residuals on the Anecic Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, Soil Microbial Activity, and Porewater Chemistry. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1964-1972. [PMID: 33818818 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-treatment residuals (WTRs), by-products of drinking water clarification, are increasingly recycled to land to promote circular economy and reduce disposal costs, yet there is a lack of published literature on their effects on soil ecology. In the present study, the effects of WTRs on earthworm growth, soil respiration, and soil porewater chemistry were investigated throughout a 7-wk outdoor mesocosm trial. We derived WTRs from both aluminum and iron coagulants and applied them to a loam soil at 0 to 20% (w/w). In addition, soil from a field that had received long-term WTR applications and that of an adjacent nontreated reference field were included in the study. Earthworm mass increase was significantly higher in all but one laboratory-treated soil when compared to the control. Furthermore, a linear regression model was used to predict increases in weekly soil respiration based on the application rates of both Al and Fe WTRs. In addition, a significant increase in soil respiration was observed from the treated farm soils during the first 4 wk of the trial. Measured sodium, magnesium, potassium, and iron porewater concentrations were higher in the treated farm soils than the reference site soil in a majority of samples, although these differences may be related to land management. Laboratory-treated soils had elevated porewater arsenic concentrations (e.g., ~17 µg L-1 in controls vs ~62 µg L-1 in the 20% w/w Al WTR treatment in week 1), whereas porewater nickel concentrations were, respectively, elevated and lowered in Al WTR- and Fe WTR-amended samples. Overall, observed disturbances to soil ecology were determined to be minimal. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1964-1972. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Turner
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
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33
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Sun L, Liang X, Jin M, Ma B, Zhang X, Song C. Ammonium and nitrate sources and transformation mechanism in the Quaternary sediments of Jianghan Plain, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 774:145131. [PMID: 33610997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inorganic nitrogen (IN) compound content in groundwater is generally attributed to anthropogenic activities. Here, natural nitrogen sources in Quaternary sediments from aquifers and aquitards of Jianghan Plain (JHP), China were identified. Ammonium and nitrate content in groundwater samples collected from 129 well sites were determined through chemical analysis. Subsequent 4 boreholes were drilled at areas with high nitrogen concentration in the Quaternary aquifer. Indicators from hydrochemistry and soil geochemistry analysis, as well as optically stimulated luminescence dating and various of radioactive isotope δ14C-CO2 and stable isotopes including δ15N-NH4+, δ15N-total organic nitrogen (TON), δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O, δD-H2O, and δ13C-total organic carbon (TOC) were used to identify high-concentration N compound sources and transformation mechanisms (NO3-: 0.02-770 mg L-1; NH4-N: 0-30.5 mg L-1) in the porous media. The thick clay layer protected the underlying media. Paleo-precipitation characteristics were preserved in the porewater; that is, it had not been affected by anthropogenic activities. The high nitrate concentration in the shallow oxidized aquifer was mostly attributed to manure and sewage (δ15N-NO3- was 14‰). The ammonium-N in the deep strata and part of ammonium-N in the shallow strata (aquifers and aquitards) were from natural sources, mainly from natural TON mineralization. Adsorption was an auxiliary factor for ammonium enrichment in the shallow strata, as were dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and low ammonia volatilization. Organic matter (OM) involved in mineralization was a mixture of lacustrine algae and terrigenous clastic sediments (from river upstream). The algae were traced to lake formation and frequent evolutionary changes in river environments, as indicated by alterations in sedimentary facies. The present findings may encourage researchers to consider natural IN sources' contribution to N contamination using quantitative models. They also serve as a valuable reference for understanding other pollutants' transformation mechanism in similar environments and provide research ideas for similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xing Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Menggui Jin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Chen Song
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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34
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Preece EP, Hobbs W, Hardy FJ, O'Garro L, Frame E, Sweeney F. Prevalence and persistence of microcystin in shoreline lake sediments and porewater, and associated potential for human health risk. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129581. [PMID: 33482515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Midlatitude waterbodies are experiencing increased cyanobacteria blooms that necessitate health advisories to protect waterbody users. Although surface waters may contain cyanotoxins such as microcystin (MC), at concentrations that pose potential public health risks, little is known about MC contamination of shoreline sediments. Based on growing evidence that lake and reservoir sediments can accumulate MCs, we hypothesized that shoreline sediments (i.e., recreational beaches) may accumulate MCs and thereby pose a potential health risk to recreational users even if people stay out of contaminated water. We sampled nearshore surface water, shoreline sediment, and porewater from seven Washington State, USA, lakes/reservoirs recreational beaches to determine MC presence/absence during or immediately following cyanobacteria blooms. We found MCs in shoreline sediments at all waterbodies using ELISA and LC-MS/MS. MC concentrations in shoreline sediments and porewaters persisted for 20 days following dissipation of cyanobacteria blooms when MC concentrations were near analytical reporting limits in corresponding surface waters. A human health risk assessment based on potential MC exposure through incidental ingestion of porewaters and sediments found, even when very high MC concentrations occur in surface waters (i.e., >11,000 μg/L), estimated ingestion doses are below MC World Health Organization tolerable daily intake and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's risk reference dose. While our findings suggest MCs in Washington State recreational beaches in 2018 did not present a significant human health risk, future blooms with higher MC concentrations could pose human health risks via the shoreline sediment/porewater exposure pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Hobbs
- Washington State Department of Ecology, PO Box 47600, Olympia, WA, USA.
| | - F Joan Hardy
- Washington Department of Health, 243 Israel Rd SE, Tumwater, WA, USA.
| | - Lenford O'Garro
- Washington Department of Health, 243 Israel Rd SE, Tumwater, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Frame
- King County Environmental Laboratory, 322 W Ewing St. Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Francis Sweeney
- King County Environmental Laboratory, 322 W Ewing St. Seattle, WA, USA.
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35
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Gillmore ML, Price GAV, Golding LA, Stauber JL, Adams MS, Simpson SL, Smith REW, Jolley DF. The Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique Predicts Sediment Nickel Toxicity to the Amphipod Melita plumulosa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1266-1278. [PMID: 33348464 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The geographical shift of nickel mining to small island countries of the Southeast Asia and Melanesia region has produced a need to assess the environmental risk associated with increased sediment nickel exposure to benthic estuarine/marine biota. Chemical measurements of nickel concentration and potential bioavailability, including the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), were compared to effects on 10-d reproduction of the epibenthic estuarine/marine amphipod Melita plumulosa in nickel-spiked sediments and field-contaminated sediments with different characteristics. The 10% effect concentrations (EC10s) for amphipod reproduction ranged from 280 to 690 mg/kg total recoverable nickel, from 110 to 380 mg/kg dilute acid-extractable nickel, and from 34 to 87 μg Ni/m2 /h DGT-labile nickel flux. Nickel bioavailability was lower in sediments with greater total organic carbon, clay content, and percentage of fine particles. Measurements of DGT-labile nickel flux at the sediment-water interface integrated exposure to nickel from porewater, overlying water, and ingested sediment exposure pathways and were found to have the strongest relationship with the biological response. At most, there was a 29% reduction in 10-d M. plumulosa reproduction relative to the control when exposed to nickel from field-contaminated sediments collected from nickel laterite mining regions of New Caledonia. The DGT technique can be used as a complementary tool to measure the bioavailability of nickel in estuarine/marine sediments, especially sediments that are in nickel laterite mining regions where there are no or few toxicity data available for determining biological effects on local species. Based on the combined data set of the 3 nickel-spiked sediments a DGT-labile nickel EC10 threshold of 50 (30-69) μg Ni/m2 /h was determined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1266-1278. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Gillmore
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gwilym A V Price
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa A Golding
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Liu J, Yu X, Chen X, Du J, Zhang F. Utility of radium quartet for evaluating porewater-derived carbon to a saltmarsh nearshore water: Implications for blue carbon export. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:144238. [PMID: 33385654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saltmarshes are global hotspots of carbon sequestration and storage and are known as effective blue carbon ecosystems. However, the role of porewater exchange in saltmarshes as a source of carbon to the nearshore waters is still poorly constrained. Herein, we examined the radium quartet, dissolved inorganic (DIC) and organic (DOC) carbon in the porewater and nearshore surface water of Chongming Dongtan saltmarsh, China. Multiple methods based on the radium quartet were applied to estimate the porewater exchange, including the three-endmember model, mass balance model and time series observation. All methods revealed that the porewater exchange rate in Chongming Dongtan saltmarsh equaled 3.37 ± 1.23 cm d-1. The porewater-derived DIC and DOC fluxes were then estimated to be (1.51 ± 0.64) × 107 and (9.97 ± 6.96) × 105 mol d-1, respectively, which correspondingly made up 64.6% and 35.6%, of the total inputs into the Chongming Dongtan saltmarsh nearshore water. Considering the intertidal area covered by saltmarsh vegetation, carbon export through the porewater exchange was 3.87 ± 1.55 g C m-2 d-1, and was 1.2-fold greater than the carbon burial rate, accounting for approximately 29% of carbon outwelling in Chongming Dongtan saltmarsh. This study highlights the significance of porewater exchange for evaluating carbon sequestration capacity, and suggests that porewater exchange should not be overlooked in blue carbon assessments of saltmarshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Yuan ZF, Gustave W, Sekar R, Bridge J, Wang JY, Feng WJ, Guo B, Chen Z. Simultaneous measurement of aqueous redox-sensitive elements and their species across the soil-water interface. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:1-10. [PMID: 33637235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The redox-sensitive elements, such as iron, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and arsenic, shift their speciation every millimeter (mm) across the soil-water interface in the flooded soil environments. Monitoring of element speciation at this high-resolution (HR) within the SWI is still difficult. The key challenge lies in obtaining sufficient porewater samples at specific locations along the soil gradient for downstream analysis. Here with an optimized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method and a HR porewater sampler, we demonstrate mm-scale element profiles mapping across the SWI in paddy soils. High-concentrations of iron and manganese (> 10 mg/L) were measured by ICP-MS in an extended dynamic range mode to avoid signal overflow. The iron profile along the SWI generated by the ICP-MS method showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to that measured independently using a colorimetric method. Furthermore, four arsenic (arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acid), two phosphorus (phosphite and phosphate) and two sulfur (sulfide and sulfate) species were separated in 10 min by ion chromatography -ICP-MS with the NH4HCO3 mobile phase. We verified the technique using paddy soils collected from the field, and present the mm-scale profiles of iron, manganese, and arsenic, phosphorus, sulfur species (relative standard deviation < 8%). The technique developed in this study will significantly promote the measurement throughput in limited samples (e.g. 100 μL) collected by HR samplers, which would greatly facilitate redox-sensitive elements biogeochemical cycling in saturated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Feng Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; Department of Plant Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of The Bahamas, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Raju Sekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jonathan Bridge
- Department of Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Jia-Yue Wang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wei-Jia Feng
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Lim AG, Loiko SV, Kuzmina DM, Krickov IV, Shirokova LS, Kulizhsky SP, Vorobyev SN, Pokrovsky OS. Dispersed ground ice of permafrost peatlands: Potential unaccounted carbon, nutrient and metal sources. Chemosphere 2021; 266:128953. [PMID: 33223213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical consequences of massive ground ice (wedges) melt upon permafrost thaw is one of the central issues of environmental research linked to climate warming in the Arctic. Little is known about the chemical properties of dispersed ground ice abundant throughout permafrost peatlands that can easily melt with increasing active layer thickness (ALT). This is especially pertinent in continental lowlands, that account for sizeable areas of the Arctic, and contain high amount of organic carbon in both solid (peat) and liquid (porewater) phases. Here we studied 8 peat cores (0-130 cm depth)-comprised of porewater from the active layer (0-45 cm) as well as ice dispersed in frozen peat (40-130 cm)-across a latitudinal profile of Western Siberia Lowland (WSL) extending from discontinuous into continuous permafrost zones. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), alkali and alkaline-earth metals (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Rb, Cs), sulfate, phosphorus, some trace elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, V, As, Y, REE, Zr, Hf, U) were sizably [more than 3 times] enriched in peat ice compared to peat porewaters from the active layer. In most sampled cores, there was a local maximum of strong enrichment (up to factors between 14 and 58) in DOC, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Sr, As located 30-50 cm below the active layer. This maximum likely occurred due to solute concentration during full freezing of the soil column during winter. There was a sizable correlation between DOC, Al, Fe and other major and trace element concentrations that suggests strong control of organic complexes and organo-mineral (Al, Fe) colloids on element migration throughout the peat profile. The pool of C, major cations and trace metals in peat ice (40-130 cm) was approximately 3-55 times higher than the pool of these elements in porewaters from the active layer (0-40 cm). A 1-m increase of the ALT over the next 100 years is capable of mobilizing 58 ± 38 Tg of DOC from soil ice into the rivers and lakes of the WSL latitudinal belt (63-67 °N). This fast lateral export of C (3.7 ± 2.7 t C km-2 y-1) may double current C yields in WSL rivers (3.4 ± 1.3 t C km-2 y-1). A strong increase (150-200%) in riverine export of Zn, P and Cs may also occur while other micronutrients (Fe, Ni, Co, Ba, Mo, Rb) and toxicants (Cd, As, Al) may be affected to a lesser degree (20-30% increase). We propose a global peat ice inventory in permafrost regions is essential for assessing the consequences of permafrost thaw on surface aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem G Lim
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Loiko
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia; Tomsk Oil and Gas Research and Design Institute (TomskNIPIneft), Prospect Mira 72, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daria M Kuzmina
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V Krickov
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila S Shirokova
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563 CNRS University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France; Institute of Ecological Problem of the North, 23 Nab Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Sergey P Kulizhsky
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey N Vorobyev
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina av., 36, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563 CNRS University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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Alhar MAM, Thompson DF, Oliver IW. Mine spoil remediation via biochar addition to immobilise potentially toxic elements and promote plant growth for phytostabilisation. J Environ Manage 2021; 277:111500. [PMID: 33069155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are thousands of disused and abandoned mining sites around the world with substantial accumulations of exposed mine spoil materials that pose a direct threat to their surrounding environment. Management of such sites, and neutralisation of the environmental threats they pose, is therefore extremely important and is an issue of global significance. Low cost management and remediation strategies need to be developed because many abandoned mine sites are in remote and/or economically challenged areas. One promising option is the incorporation of biochar into spoil materials, which has the potential to immobilise leachable toxic constituents and facilitate revegetation and thereby stabilisation of spoil heaps. This study investigated the capacity of readily available biochar materials made from wheat and rice waste products to immobilise and retain key metallic contaminants Pb and Zn from solution, and also investigated the utility of biochar application for remediating mine spoil heaps from different mine types in terms of facilitating establishment of vegetation coverage and minimising porewater element mobility within spoil heaps. The results demonstrated the high sorption capacity of the biochars (typically >97% of Pb or Zn in solution) and their ability to retain the metals despite an active desorption procedure (>93% of sorbed Pb retained and >75% of sorbed Zn). The remediation trial revealed that biochar application increased plant yield and decreased plant assimilation of many potentially toxic elements and also decreased spoil porewater concentrations of Al, Cd, Pb and Zn in most cases. In some spoil types investigated biochar addition also significantly decreased porewater concentrations of As (e.g. from ~30 mg/L to ~5 mg/L), demonstrating its potential utility for low cost environmental remediation across a range of mine spoil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa A M Alhar
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David F Thompson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG2, UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Li JY, Zhang L, Wang Q, Xu J, Yin J, Chen Y, Gong Y, Kelly BC, Jin L. Applicability of Equilibrium Sampling in Informing Tissue Residues and Dietary Risks of Legacy and Current-Use Organic Chemicals in Aquaculture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:79-87. [PMID: 33090545 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium sampling based on silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used to determine the concentrations of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and assess the thermodynamic potentials for bioaccumulation of these compounds in the aquatic environment. This allows the use of PDMS-based sampling techniques in assisting conventional sampling and extraction methods for the determination of the concentrations of HOCs in aquaculture products. The present study is an ex situ demonstration of how well PDMS can inform the tissue residues and dietary risks of legacy or current-use organic chemicals in aquaculture species from farm ponds in eastern China. For legacy contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, n = 10), good agreement between the predicted concentrations based on PDMS and the measured lipid-normalized concentrations was observed for 60% of the studied biota, including both pelagic and benthic species. For pesticides currently used, such as pyrethroid (PE) (n = 4) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs, n = 7), the measured tissue residues were consistently higher than those predicted by PDMS, possibly caused by the continuous input from the surroundings. For the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, n = 5), the only detected chemical was also underestimated. Adjusted by ingestion rates of aquaculture products and toxicology data, the target hazard quotients of these chemicals predicted from PDMS were generally comparable to those derived from measured concentrations in tissue because of the predominance of PBDEs. Overall, PDMS-based equilibrium sampling offered an alternative approach for the prediction of tissue residues and dietary risks of PBDEs. Moreover, it should be applied with caution for PEs, OPPs, and OCPs. Improving the application of PDMS for these chemicals in farm ponds warrants future study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:79-87. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Xu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Peng S, Kong D, Li L, Zou C, Chen F, Li M, Cao T, Yu C, Song J, Jia W, Peng P. Distribution and sources of DDT and its metabolites in porewater and sediment from a typical tropical bay in the South China Sea. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115492. [PMID: 33254672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is well known for its harmful effects and has been banned around the world. However, DDT is still frequently detected in natural environments, particularly in aquaculture and harbor sediments. In this study, 15 surface sediment samples were collected from a typical tropical bay (Zhanjiang Bay) in the South China Sea, and the levels of DDT and its metabolites in sediment and porewater samples were investigated. The results showed that concentrations of DDXs (i.e., DDT and its metabolites) in bulk sediments were 1.58-51.0 ng g-1 (mean, 11.5 ng g-1). DDTs (DDT and its primary metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)) were the most prominent, accounting for 73.2%-98.3% (86.1% ± 12.8%) of the DDXs. Additionally, high-order metabolites (i.e., 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDMU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDNU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (p,p'-DDOH), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)methane (p,p'-DDM), and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP)) were also detected in most of the sediment and porewater samples, with DDMU and DBP being predominant. The DDTs concentration differed among the sampling sites, with relatively high DDTs concentrations in the samples from the aquaculture zone and an area near the shipping channel and the Haibin shipyard. The DDD/DDE ratios indicated a reductive dichlorination of DDT to DDD under anaerobic conditions at most of the sampling sites of Zhanjiang Bay. The possible DDT degradation pathway in the surface sediments of Zhanjiang Bay was p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDD(p,p'-DDE)/p,p'-DDMU/p,p'-DDNU/ … /p,p'-DBP. The DDXs in the sediments of Zhanjiang Bay were mainly introduced via mixed sources of industrial DDT and dicofol, including fresh input and historical residue. The concentrations of DDXs in porewater samples varied from 66.3 to 250 ng L-1, exhibiting a distribution similar to that in the accompanying sediments. However, the content of high-order metabolites was relatively lower in porewater than in sediment, indicating that high-order degradation mainly occurs in particles. Overall, this study helps in understanding the distribution, source, and degradation of DDT in a typical tropical bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Deming Kong
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Liting Li
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fajin Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chiling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Wanglu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Herath I, Zhao FJ, Bundschuh J, Wang P, Wang J, Ok YS, Palansooriya KN, Vithanage M. Microbe mediated immobilization of arsenic in the rice rhizosphere after incorporation of silica impregnated biochar composites. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:123096. [PMID: 32768840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study mechanistically addressed for the first time, the contradiction between the application of many biochars to paddy soil and increased arsenic (As) release as employed by most of previous studies. Three types of biochar containing natural and chemical forms of Si: (i) unmodified rice husk biochar (RHBC), (ii) RHBC modified with Si fertilizer (Si-RHBC), and (iii) RHBC modified with nanoparticles of montmorillonite clay (NM-RHBC) were applied in As-contaminated paddy soil to examine their potential to control the mobility of As in the soil-microbe-rice system. Both Si-RHBC and NM-RHBC decreased As concentration in porewater by 40-65 %, while RHBC decreased by 30-44 % compared to biochar unamended soil from tillering to maturing stage. At tillering stage, RHBC, Si-RHBC and NM-RHBC amendments significantly decreased As(III) concentration in the rice rhizosphere by 57, 76 and 73 %, respectively compared to the control soil. The immobilization of As is due to: (i) lowering of microbe mediated As release from iron minerals, (ii) oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by aioA gene, and (iii) adsorption on a Si-ferrihydrite complex. The decrease of more toxic As(III) and its oxidation to less mobile As(V) by Si-rich biochar amendments is a promising As detoxification phenomenon in the rice rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indika Herath
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Kelly TJ, Hamilton E, Watts MJ, Ponting J, Sizmur T. The Effect of Flooding and Drainage Duration on the Release of Trace Elements from Floodplain Soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:2124-2135. [PMID: 32701177 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Floodplains downstream of urban catchments are sinks for potentially toxic trace elements. An intensification of the hydrological cycle and changing land use will result in floodplains becoming inundated for longer durations in the future. We collected intact soil cores from a floodplain meadow downstream of an urban catchment and subjected them to an inundation/drainage cycle in the laboratory to investigate the effect of flood duration on trace element concentrations in the soil porewater. The porewater concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Zn increased, whereas Cu and Pb decreased with flood duration. All the Cr present in porewaters was identified as Cr(III). Copper concentrations increased after drainage but Pb mobility remained suppressed. Both pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased with flood duration but were lower in treatments that were drained for the longest duration (which were also the treatments flooded for the shortest duration). The porewater concentrations of Cr and Ni decreased after drainage to levels below those observed before inundation, mirroring the DOC concentrations. We concluded that the duration of floodplain inundation does have an influence on the environmental fate of trace elements but that flooding does not influence all trace elements in the same way. The implications of an intensification of the hydrological cycle over the coming decades are that floodplains may become a source of some trace elements to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2124-2135. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kelly
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Ponting
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Sizmur
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
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Wu L, Wang R, Huang CL, Wu CC, Wong CS, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. Impact of passive sampler protection apparatus on sediment porewater profiles of hydrophobic organic compounds. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126534. [PMID: 32224359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling techniques have been widely used to determine the dissolved concentration profiles of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment porewater. However, the effects of having a protection for the passive sampler on profiling HOCs concentrations in sediment porewater, especially in deep sediment, have remained unclear. To address this issue, low density polyethylene passive samplers with and without protectors, which consisted of glass fiber filter and porous stainless steel shield, were simultaneously deployed in sediment of the Dongjiang River, South China. The results showed that the protectors retarded the dissipation of performance reference compounds (PRCs) from the sampler by a factor of 2-9. The protectors seemed to exert a negligible effect on the measured concentrations of PAHs, BDE-47, and BDE-99 in surficial sediment porewater (0-14 cm depth) from both samplers. However, the sediment porewater concentration profiles of PAHs and BDE-47 from the sampler with protectors were in agreement with those normalized by dry weight in deep sediment (16-34 cm depth), indicating that a diffusion layer established by the protectors may minimize the probability of local depletion of the target analytes in deep sediment. In addition, the log Koc values of PAHs, BDE-47, and BDE-99 exhibited a slight increasing trend with sediment depth. This finding suggested that in situ passive sampling techniques could be a feasible tool in determining the site-specific log Koc values of HOCs at different sediment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chun-Li Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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Villa JA, Smith GJ, Ju Y, Renteria L, Angle JC, Arntzen E, Harding SF, Ren H, Chen X, Sawyer AH, Graham EB, Stegen JC, Wrighton KC, Bohrer G. Methane and nitrous oxide porewater concentrations and surface fluxes of a regulated river. Sci Total Environ 2020; 715:136920. [PMID: 32023513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers are a critical missing component of current global GHG models. Their exclusion is mainly due to a lack of in-situ measurements and a poor understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of GHG production and emissions, which prevents optimal model parametrization. We combined simultaneous observations of porewater concentrations along different beach positions and depths, and surface fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide at a plot scale in a large regulated river during three water stages: rising, falling, and low. Our goal was to gain insights into the interactions between hydrological exchanges and GHG emissions and elucidate possible hypotheses that could guide future research on the mechanisms of GHG production, consumption, and transport in the hyporheic zone (HZ). Results indicate that the site functioned as a net source of methane. Surface fluxes of methane during river water stages at three beach positions (shallow, intermediate and deep) correlated with porewater concentrations of methane. However, fluxes were significantly higher in the intermediate position during the low water stage, suggesting that low residence time increased methane emissions. Vertical profiles of methane peaked at different depths, indicating an influence of the magnitude and direction of the hyporheic mixing during the different river water stages on methane production and consumption. The site acted as either a sink or a source of nitrous oxide depending on the elevation of the water column. Nitrous oxide porewater concentrations peaked at the upper layers of the sediment throughout the different water stages. River hydrological stages significantly influenced porewater concentrations and fluxes of GHG, probably by influencing heterotrophic respiration (production and consumption processes) and transport to and from the HZ. Our results highlight the importance of including dynamic hydrological exchanges when studying and modeling GHG production and consumption in the HZ of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Villa
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 323 Hamilton Hall, 611 McKinely Street, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Garrett J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lupita Renteria
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jordan C Angle
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan Arntzen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Samuel F Harding
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Huiying Ren
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Audrey H Sawyer
- School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, 125 Oval Dr S, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily B Graham
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - James C Stegen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 307 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yi Z, Lehto NJ, Robinson BH, Cavanagh JAE. Environmental and edaphic factors affecting soil cadmium uptake by spinach, potatoes, onion and wheat. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136694. [PMID: 32019035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The relative ease with which cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can transfer to crop plants can pose a potential health risk to consumers. However, efforts to predict and mitigate these risks are often confounded by the various factors that influence metal accumulation in the edible plant parts. The aim of this work was to identify key drivers that determine Cd concentrations in spinach leaves, potato tubers, onion bulbs and wheat grain grown in commercial horticultural operations across New Zealand (NZ). Paired soil and plant samples (n = 147) were collected from farms across different NZ growing regions. Cadmium concentrations in the edible parts were measured and four different tests were used to examine the potential bioavailability of soil Cd: pseudo-total and porewater concentrations, 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2-extraction and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). Information on a range of soil and climatic variables was also collected. The methods' ability to represent Cd concentrations in the plant parts was assessed through single and multiple regression analysis that considered the different variables and the farm locations. Soil Cd concentrations determined by the different tests were positively related to plant concentrations and there were clear regional differences between these relationships. The Ca(NO3)2 extraction predicted over 76% of the variability in Cd concentrations in onion bulbs and spinach leaves, while DGT and porewater Cd provided the best estimates for potato tubers and wheat grains, respectively, once regional differences were considered, along with certain environmental and soil variables. The results show that certain soil and environmental factors can be a key influence for determining Cd accumulation in the edible parts of some plants and that regional differences are important for modulating the extent to which this occurs. These effects should be considered when trying to mitigate the potential risks arising from Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Yi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 7647, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Niklas J Lehto
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 7647, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Brett H Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jo-Anne E Cavanagh
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Gerald Street, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
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Valero A, Umbría-Salinas K, Wallner-Kersanach M, Andrade CFD, Yabe MJS, Contreira-Pereira L, Wasserman JC, Kuroshima KN, Zhang H. Potential availability of trace metals in sediments in southeastern and southern Brazilian shipyard areas using the DGT technique and chemical extraction methods. Sci Total Environ 2020; 710:136216. [PMID: 31923659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Speciation and partitioning of trace metals, from solid to solution phases of sediments, control their bioavailability and thus their potential ecological risk to organisms. Therefore, in order to obtain a broad evaluation of their risk, it is necessary to couple methodologies that are able to assess metal mobility in sediment. In this study, the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique and the application of 0.1 M HCl acid extraction methods, together with solid-state voltammetric sensors, were used with the objective of assessing mobility and potential availability of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in sediment porewaters and solid sediments in southeastern and southern Brazilian shipyard areas. The highest labile metal concentrations were found in shipyards with the longest histories of operations. Trace metal distributions in porewater and in the solid phase of sediments (labile metals) and significant correlations among metals enabled to distinguish the contribution of anti-fouling paint components. The diffusive flux of every metal measured at the surface of the sediment indicated that CuDGT had the highest flux (3.66E-03 mmol·m-2 d-1) in the shipyard with the longest operating time. Therefore, enrichment was observed for Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments, indicating a possible ecological risk level of 'Effects Range Median' to 'Apparent Effects Threshold' for oyster larvae (Mollusca) (Cu), bivalves (Pb) and the infaunal community (Zn). Probable Effect Concentrations (PEC) to sediment-dwelling biota can be expected as well, related to high concentrations of Cu and Zn in sediment. This study allowed a comprehensive evaluation of potential bioavailability and ecological risk of trace metals in aquatic systems where there is continuous and specific input of these elements. The use of the DGT technique with solid-state voltammetry in the sediment of distinct Brazilian estuarine systems demonstrated its potential to be applied in future environmental network programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astolfo Valero
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil
| | - Karelys Umbría-Salinas
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil
| | - Mônica Wallner-Kersanach
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Ferreira de Andrade
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Katia Naomi Kuroshima
- Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK
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48
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Sanders JP, McBurney A, Gilmour CC, Schwartz GE, Washburn S, Kane Driscoll SB, Brown SS, Ghosh U. Development of a Novel Equilibrium Passive Sampling Device for Methylmercury in Sediment and Soil Porewaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:323-334. [PMID: 31692059 PMCID: PMC9188764 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the concept of equilibrium passive sampling for methylmercury (MeHg) using the strategy developed for hydrophobic organic chemicals. Passive sampling should allow prediction of the concentration of the chemically labile fraction of MeHg in sediment porewaters based on equilibrium partitioning into the sampler, without modeling diffusion rates through the sampler material. Our goals were to identify sampler materials with the potential to mimic MeHg partitioning into animals and sediments and provide reversible sorption in a time frame appropriate for in situ samplers. Candidate materials tested included a range of polymers embedded with suitable sorbents for MeHg. The most promising were activated carbon (AC) embedded in agarose, thiol-self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports embedded in agarose, and cysteine-functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, which yielded log sampler-water partition coefficients of 2.8 to 5 for MeHgOH and MeHg complexed with dissolved organic matter (Suwannee River humic acid). Sampler equilibration time in sediments was approximately 1 to 2 wk. Investigation of the MeHg accumulation mechanism by AC embedded in agarose suggested that sampling was kinetically influenced by MeHg interactions with AC particles and not limited by diffusion through the gel for this material. Also, AC exhibited relatively rapid desorption of Hg and MeHg, indicating that this sorbent is capable of reversible, equilibrium measurements. In sediment:water microcosms, porewater concentrations made with isotherm-calibrated passive samplers agreed within a factor of 2 (unamended sediment) or 4 (AC-amended sediment) with directly measured concentrations. The present study demonstrates a potential new approach to passive sampling of MeHg. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:323-334. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sanders
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa McBurney
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Grace E Schwartz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer Washburn
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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49
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Zhang L, Ni Z, Wu Y, Zhao C, Liu S, Huang X. Concentrations of porewater heavy metals, their benthic fluxes and the potential ecological risks in Daya Bay, South China. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110808. [PMID: 31910532 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) concentrations in surface sediment porewater and their benthic fluxes were investigated in Daya Bay, South China, to study their accumulation and transfer at the sediment-water interface, as well as the impact of human activities on heavy metals. Heavy metals in porewater displayed different patterns in three partitions (top, center and inlet), which was mainly attributed to the difference in the biogeochemical conditions, hydrodynamic force inner the bay and the human activities along the bay. Ecological risk assessment results showed that heavy metals in porewater dramatically exceeded the background values. The average release of heavy metals from sediment were (6.1 ± 3.3) × 104-(2.7 ± 1.6) × 108 g a-1 in the bay, so they had potential risks to the water environment, and sediment should be paid more attention to as the endogenesis of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- Ministry of Natural Resources South China Sea Bureau, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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50
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Viana JLM, Dos Santos SRV, Dos Santos Franco TCR, Almeida MAP. Occurrence and partitioning of antifouling booster biocides in sediments and porewaters from Brazilian Northeast. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:112988. [PMID: 31541816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fouling organisms attach and grow on submerged surfaces causing several economic losses. Thus, biocides have been introduced in antifouling paints in order to avoid this phenomenon, but their widespread use became a global problem, mainly in ports, leisure and fishing boat harbors, since these substances can be highly toxic to non-target organisms. The occurrence and environmental behavior of antifouling biocides are especially unknown in some peculiar regions, such as Amazon areas. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate, for the first time, levels and the partitioning behavior of the antifouling organic biocides irgarol, diuron and also stable degradation products of dichlofluanid and diuron (DMSA and DCPMU, respectively) in sediments and porewaters from a high boat traffic area located in the Northeast of Brazil, a pre-Amazon region. Our results showed high concentrations of irgarol (<1.0-89.7 μg kg-1) and diuron (<5.0-55.2 μg kg-1) in sediments. In porewater, DCPMU (<0.03-0.67 μg L-1) and DMSA (<0.008-0.263 μg L-1) were the mainly substances detected. High Kd and Koc obtained for both irgarol and diuron showed a partitioning preference in the solid phase. This work represents one of the few registers of contamination by antifouling substances in Amazonian areas, despite their environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Martins Viana
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sara Raiane Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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