1
|
Kristensen MA, Rich KK, Mogensen TC, Damsgaard Jensen AM, Fex Svenningsen Å, Zhang M. Focal Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs the Integrity of the Basement Membrane of Hindlimb Muscle Fibers Revealed by Extracellular Matrix Immunoreactivity. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:543. [PMID: 38792565 PMCID: PMC11121831 DOI: 10.3390/life14050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) stands as a prominent global cause of disability, with motor deficits being a common consequence. Despite its widespread impact, the precise pathological mechanisms underlying motor deficits after TBI remain elusive. In this study, hindlimb postural asymmetry (HL-PA) development in rats subjected to focal TBI was investigated to explore the potential roles of collagen IV and laminin within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of selected hindlimb muscles in the emergence of motor deficits following TBI. A focal TBI was induced by ablating the left sensorimotor cortex in rats and motor deficits were assessed by measuring HL-PA. The expression of laminin and collagen IV in eight selected muscles on each side of the hindlimbs from both TBI- and sham-operated rats were studied using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the TBI rats exhibited HL-PA, characterized by flexion of the contralateral (right) hindlimb. In the sham-operated rats, the immunoreactive components of laminin and collagen IV were evenly and smoothly distributed along the border of the muscle fibers in all the investigated muscles. In contrast, in the TBI rats, the pattern was broken into aggregated, granule-like, immunoreactive components. Such a labeling pattern was detected in all the investigated muscles both from the contra- and ipsilateral sides of the TBI rats. However, in TBI rats, most of the muscles from the contralateral hindlimb showed a significantly increased expression of these two proteins in comparison with those from the ipsilateral hindlimb. In comparison to sham-operated rats, there was a significant increase in laminin and collagen IV expression in various contralateral hindlimb muscles in the TBI rats. These findings suggest potential implications of laminin and collagen IV in the development of motor deficits following a focal TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Albæk Kristensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.A.K.); (K.K.R.); (T.C.M.); (Å.F.S.)
| | - Karen Kalhøj Rich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.A.K.); (K.K.R.); (T.C.M.); (Å.F.S.)
| | - Tobias Christian Mogensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.A.K.); (K.K.R.); (T.C.M.); (Å.F.S.)
| | | | - Åsa Fex Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.A.K.); (K.K.R.); (T.C.M.); (Å.F.S.)
- Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.A.K.); (K.K.R.); (T.C.M.); (Å.F.S.)
- Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
James G, Ahern BJ, Goodwin W, Goss B, Hodges PW. Targeted multifidus muscle activation reduces fibrosis of multifidus muscle following intervertebral disc injury. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024:10.1007/s00586-024-08234-5. [PMID: 38607406 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aerobic exercise produces beneficial outcomes in patients with low back pain and partially attenuates the fibrotic changes to the multifidus in a model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. More targeted exercise might be required to fully attenuate these fibrotic alterations. This study aimed to investigate whether activation of the multifidus induced by neurostimulation could reduce fibrosis of the multifidus in a model of IVD degeneration in sheep. METHODS IVD degeneration was induced in 18 merino sheep via a partial thickness unilateral annulus fibrosus lesion to the L1/2 and L3/4 IVDs. All sheep received an implantable neurostimulation device that provides stimulation of the L2 medial branch of the dorsal ramus. Three months after surgery, the animals were assigned to Injury or Activated groups. Activated animals received neurostimulation and the Injury group received no stimulation. Six months after surgery, the multifidus was harvested at L2 and L4. Van Gieson's, Sirius Red and immunofluorescence staining for Collagen-I and -III and quantitative PCR was used to examine fibrosis. Muscle harvested from a previous study without IVD injury was used as a control. RESULTS Neurostimulation of the multifidus attenuated IVD degeneration dependent increases in the connective tissue, including Collagen-I but not Collagen-III, compared to the Injury group at L4. No measures of the multifidus muscle at L2, which received no stimulation, differed between the Injury and Activated groups. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that targeted activation of the multifidus muscle attenuates IVD degeneration dependent fibrotic alterations to the multifidus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G James
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - B J Ahern
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - W Goodwin
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - B Goss
- Mainstay Medical, San Diego, USA
| | - P W Hodges
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Howard JJ, Joumaa V, Robinson KG, Lee SK, Akins RE, Syed F, Shrader MW, Huntley JS, Graham HK, Leonard T, Herzog W. Collagenase treatment decreases muscle stiffness in cerebral palsy: A preclinical ex vivo biomechanical analysis of hip adductor muscle fiber bundles. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:1639-1645. [PMID: 37198748 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the dose-response relationship of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) on collagen content and the change in muscle fiber bundle stiffness after ex vivo treatment of adductor longus biopsies with CCH in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Biopsy samples of adductor longus from children with CP (classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V) were treated with 0 U/mL, 200 U/mL, 350 U/mL, or 500 U/mL CCH; percentage collagen reduction was measured to determine the dose-response. Peak and steady-state stresses were determined at 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% strain increments; Young's modulus was calculated. RESULTS Eleven patients were enrolled (nine males, two females, mean age at surgery 6 years 5 months; range: 2-16 years). A linear CCH dose-response relationship was determined. Peak and steady-state stress generation increased linearly at 5.9/2.3mN/mm2 , 12.4/5.3mN/mm2 , 22.2/9.7mN/mm2 , and 33.3/15.5mN/mm2 at each percentage strain increment respectively. After CCH treatment, peak and steady-state stress generation decreased to 3.2/1.2mN/mm2 , 6.5/2.9mN/mm2 , 12.2/5.7mN/mm2 , and 15.4/7.7mN/mm2 respectively (p < 0.004). Young's modulus decreased from 205 kPa to 100 kPa after CCH (p = 0.003). INTERPRETATION This preclinical ex vivo study provides proof of concept for the use of collagenase to decrease muscle stiffness in individuals with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Howard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karyn G Robinson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Stephanie K Lee
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Faizan Syed
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Wade Shrader
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - James S Huntley
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - H Kerr Graham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Melbourne, Hugh Williamson Gait Laboratory, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Leonard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deschrevel J, Maes K, Andries A, Beukelaer ND, Corvelyn M, Costamagna D, Campenhout AV, Wachter ED, Desloovere K, Agten A, Vandenabeele F, Nijs S, Gayan-Ramirez G. Fine-needle percutaneous muscle microbiopsy technique as a feasible tool to address histological analysis in young children with cerebral palsy and age-matched typically developing children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294395. [PMID: 37992082 PMCID: PMC10664906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of motor disorders attributed to a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. Knowledge on skeletal muscle properties is important to understand the impact of CP and treatment but data at the microscopic levels are limited and inconsistent. Currently, muscle biopsies are collected during surgery and are restricted to CP eligible for such treatment or they may refer to another muscle or older children in typically developing (TD) biopsies. A minimally invasive technique to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children is needed to provide insights into the early muscle microscopic alterations and their evolution in CP. This paper describes the protocol used to 1) collect microbiopsies of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and semitendinosus (ST) in CP children and age-matched TD children, 2) handle the biopsies for histology, 3) stain the biopsies to address muscle structure (Hematoxylin & Eosin), fiber size and proportion (myosin heavy chain), counting of the satellite cells (Pax7) and capillaries (CD31). Technique feasibility and safety as well as staining feasibility and measure accuracy were evaluated. Two microbiopsies per muscle were collected in 56 CP (5.8±1.1 yr) and 32 TD (6±1.1 yr) children using ultrasound-guided percutaneous microbiopsy technique. The biopsy procedure was safe (absence of complications) and well tolerated (Score pain using Wong-Baker faces). Cross-sectionally orientated fibers were found in 86% (CP) and 92% (TD) of the biopsies with 60% (CP) and 85% (TD) containing more than 150 fibers. Fiber staining was successful in all MG biopsies but failed in 30% (CP) and 16% (TD) of the ST biopsies. Satellite cell staining was successful in 89% (CP) and 85% (TD) for MG and in 70% (CP) and 90% (TD) for ST biopsies, while capillary staining was successful in 88% (CP) and 100% (TD) of the MG and in 86% (CP) and 90% (TD) for the ST biopsies. Intraclass coefficient correlation showed reliable and reproducible measures of all outcomes. This study shows that the percutaneous microbiopsy technique is a safe and feasible tool to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children for histological analysis and it provides sufficient muscle tissue of good quality for reliable quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Deschrevel
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Andries
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva De Wachter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anouk Agten
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Vandenabeele
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Nijs
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wohlgemuth RP, Brashear SE, Smith LR. Alignment, cross linking, and beyond: a collagen architect's guide to the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1017-C1030. [PMID: 37661921 PMCID: PMC10635663 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00287.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a complex network of collagens, proteoglycans, and other proteins that produce a favorable environment for muscle regeneration, protect the sarcolemma from contraction-induced damage, and provide a pathway for the lateral transmission of contractile force. In each of these functions, the structure and organization of the muscle ECM play an important role. Many aspects of collagen architecture, including collagen alignment, cross linking, and packing density affect the regenerative capacity, passive mechanical properties, and contractile force transmission pathways of skeletal muscle. The balance between fortifying the muscle ECM and maintaining ECM turnover and compliance is highly dependent on the integrated organization, or architecture, of the muscle matrix, especially related to collagen. While muscle ECM remodeling patterns in response to exercise and disease are similar, in that collagen synthesis can increase in both cases, one outcome leads to a stronger muscle and the other leads to fibrosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the architectural features of each layer of muscle ECM: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. Further, we detail the importance of muscle ECM architecture to biomechanical function in the context of exercise or fibrosis, including disease, injury, and aging. We describe how collagen architecture is linked to active and passive muscle biomechanics and which architectural features are acutely dynamic and adapt over time. Future studies should investigate the significance of collagen architecture in muscle stiffness, ECM turnover, and lateral force transmission in the context of health and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross P Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sarah E Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loomis T, Smith LR. Thrown for a loop: fibro-adipogenic progenitors in skeletal muscle fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C895-C906. [PMID: 37602412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00245.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are key regulators of skeletal muscle regeneration and homeostasis. However, dysregulation of these cells leads to fibro-fatty infiltration across various muscle diseases. FAPs are the key source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in muscle, and disruption to this process leads to a pathological accumulation of ECM, known as fibrosis. The replacement of contractile tissue with fibrotic ECM functionally impairs the muscle and increases muscle stiffness. FAPs and fibrotic muscle form a progressively degenerative feedback loop where, as a muscle becomes fibrotic, it induces a fibrotic FAP phenotype leading to further development of fibrosis. In this review, we summarize FAPs' role in fibrosis in terms of their activation, heterogeneity, contributions to fibrotic degeneration, and role across musculoskeletal diseases. We also discuss current research on potential therapeutic avenues to attenuate fibrosis by targeting FAPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Loomis
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Costamagna D, Bastianini V, Corvelyn M, Duelen R, Deschrevel J, De Beukelaer N, De Houwer H, Sampaolesi M, Gayan-Ramirez G, Campenhout AV, Desloovere K. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Adult Muscle Stem Cells from Children with Cerebral Palsy and hiPSC-Derived Neuromuscular Junctions. Cells 2023; 12:2072. [PMID: 37626881 PMCID: PMC10453788 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT) injections are commonly used as spasticity treatment in cerebral palsy (CP). Despite improved clinical outcomes, concerns regarding harmful effects on muscle morphology have been raised, and the BoNT effect on muscle stem cells remains not well defined. This study aims at clarifying the impact of BoNT on growing muscles (1) by analyzing the in vitro effect of BoNT on satellite cell (SC)-derived myoblasts and fibroblasts obtained from medial gastrocnemius microbiopsies collected in young BoNT-naïve children (t0) compared to age ranged typically developing children; (2) by following the effect of in vivo BoNT administration on these cells obtained from the same children with CP at 3 (t1) and 6 (t2) months post BoNT; (3) by determining the direct effect of a single and repeated in vitro BoNT treatment on neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) differentiated from hiPSCs. In vitro BoNT did not affect myogenic differentiation or collagen production. The fusion index significantly decreased in CP at t2 compared to t0. In NMJ cocultures, BoNT treatment caused axonal swelling and fragmentation. Repeated treatments impaired the autophagic-lysosomal system. Further studies are warranted to understand the long-term and collateral effects of BoNT in the muscles of children with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Costamagna
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (V.B.); (N.D.B.)
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.C.); (R.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Valeria Bastianini
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (V.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.C.); (R.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Robin Duelen
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.C.); (R.D.); (M.S.)
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorieke Deschrevel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (G.G.-R.)
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (V.B.); (N.D.B.)
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah De Houwer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.D.H.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.C.); (R.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (G.G.-R.)
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.D.H.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (V.B.); (N.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wohlgemuth RP, Feitzinger RM, Henricson KE, Dinh DT, Brashear SE, Smith LR. The extracellular matrix of dystrophic mouse diaphragm accounts for the majority of its passive stiffness and is resistant to collagenase digestion. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 18:100131. [PMID: 36970609 PMCID: PMC10036937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) has several functions including providing structural integrity to myofibers, enabling lateral force transmission, and contributing to overall passive mechanical properties. In diseases such as Duchenne Muscular dystrophy, there is accumulation of ECM materials, primarily collagen, which results in fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that fibrotic muscle is often stiffer than healthy muscle, in part due to the increased number and altered architecture of collagen fibers within the ECM. This would imply that the fibrotic matrix is stiffer than the healthy matrix. However, while previous studies have attempted to quantify the extracellular contribution to passive stiffness in muscle, the outcomes are dependent on the type of method used. Thus, the goals of this study were to compare the stiffness of healthy and fibrotic muscle ECM and to demonstrate the efficacy of two methods for quantifying extracellular-based stiffness in muscle, namely decellularization and collagenase digestion. These methods have been demonstrated to remove the muscle fibers or ablate collagen fiber integrity, respectively, while maintaining the contents of the extracellular matrix. Using these methods in conjunction with mechanical testing on wildtype and D2.mdx mice, we found that a majority of passive stiffness in the diaphragm is dependent on the ECM, and the D2.mdx diaphragm ECM is resistant to digestion by bacterial collagenase. We propose that this resistance is due to the increased collagen cross-links and collagen packing density in the ECM of the D2.mdx diaphragm. Taken altogether, while we did not find increased stiffness of the fibrotic ECM, we did observe that the D2.mdx diaphragm conveyed resistance against collagenase digestion. These findings demonstrate how different methods for measuring ECM-based stiffness each have their own limitations and can produce different results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross P. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Ryan M. Feitzinger
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Kyle E. Henricson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Daryl T. Dinh
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Sarah E. Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Namjoo AR, Abrbekoh FN, Saghati S, Amini H, Saadatlou MAE, Rahbarghazi R. Tissue engineering modalities in skeletal muscles: focus on angiogenesis and immunomodulation properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 37061717 PMCID: PMC10105969 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular diseases and injuries are challenging issues in human medicine, resulting in physical disability. The advent of tissue engineering approaches has paved the way for the restoration and regeneration of injured muscle tissues along with available conventional therapies. Despite recent advances in the fabrication, synthesis, and application of hydrogels in terms of muscle tissue, there is a long way to find appropriate hydrogel types in patients with congenital and/or acquired musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding specific muscular tissue microenvironments, the applied hydrogels should provide a suitable platform for the activation of endogenous reparative mechanisms and concurrently deliver transplanting cells and therapeutics into the injured sites. Here, we aimed to highlight recent advances in muscle tissue engineering with a focus on recent strategies related to the regulation of vascularization and immune system response at the site of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rezaei Namjoo
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kahn RE, Krater T, Larson JE, Encarnacion M, Karakostas T, Patel NM, Swaroop VT, Dayanidhi S. Resident muscle stem cell myogenic characteristics in postnatal muscle growth impairments in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C614-C631. [PMID: 36622072 PMCID: PMC9942895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP), a perinatal brain alteration, have impaired postnatal muscle growth, with some muscles developing contractures. Functionally, children are either able to walk or primarily use wheelchairs. Satellite cells are muscle stem cells (MuSCs) required for postnatal development and source of myonuclei. Only MuSC abundance has been previously reported in contractured muscles, with myogenic characteristics assessed only in vitro. We investigated whether MuSC myogenic, myonuclear, and myofiber characteristics in situ differ between contractured and noncontractured muscles, across functional levels, and compared with typically developing (TD) children with musculoskeletal injury. Open muscle biopsies were obtained from 36 children (30 CP, 6 TD) during surgery; contracture correction for adductors or gastrocnemius, or from vastus lateralis [bony surgery in CP, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair in TD]. Muscle cross sections were immunohistochemically labeled for MuSC abundance, activation, proliferation, nuclei, myofiber borders, type-1 fibers, and collagen content in serial sections. Although MuSC abundance was greater in contractured muscles, primarily in type-1 fibers, their myogenic characteristics (activation, proliferation) were lower compared with noncontractured muscles. Overall, MuSC abundance, activation, and proliferation appear to be associated with collagen content. Myonuclear number was similar between all muscles, but only in contractured muscles were there associations between myonuclear number, MuSC abundance, and fiber cross-sectional area. Puzzlingly, MuSC characteristics were similar between ambulatory and nonambulatory children. Noncontractured muscles in children with CP had a lower MuSC abundance compared with TD-ACL injured children, but similar myogenic characteristics. Contractured muscles may have an intrinsic deficiency in developmental progression for postnatal MuSC pool establishment, needed for lifelong efficient growth and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill E Larson
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tasos Karakostas
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neeraj M Patel
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vineeta T Swaroop
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mice Placental ECM Components May Provide A Three-Dimensional Placental Microenvironment. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010016. [PMID: 36671588 PMCID: PMC9855196 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioethical limitations impair deeper studies in human placental physiology, then most studies use human term placentas or murine models. To overcome these challenges, new models have been proposed to mimetize the placental three-dimensional microenvironment. The placental extracellular matrix plays an essential role in several processes, being a part of the establishment of materno-fetal interaction. Regarding these aspects, this study aimed to investigate term mice placental ECM components, highlighting its collagenous and non-collagenous content, and proposing a potential three-dimensional model to mimetize the placental microenvironment. For that, 18.5-day-old mice placenta, both control and decellularized (n = 3 per group) were analyzed on Orbitrap Fusion Lumos spectrometer (ThermoScientific) and LFQ intensity generated on MaxQuant software. Proteomic analysis identified 2317 proteins. Using ECM and cell junction-related ontologies, 118 (5.1%) proteins were filtered. Control and decellularized conditions had no significant differential expression on 76 (64.4%) ECM and cell junction-related proteins. Enriched ontologies in the cellular component domain were related to cell junction, collagen and lipoprotein particles, biological process domain, cell adhesion, vasculature, proteolysis, ECM organization, and molecular function. Enriched pathways were clustered in cell adhesion and invasion, and labyrinthine vasculature regulation. These preserved ECM proteins are responsible for tissue stiffness and could support cell anchoring, modeling a three-dimensional structure that may allow placental microenvironment reconstruction.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vechetti IJ, Norrbom J, Alkner B, Hjalmarsson E, Palmcrantz A, Pontén E, Pingel J, von Walden F, Fernandez-Gonzalo R. Extracellular vesicle characteristics and microRNA content in cerebral palsy and typically developed individuals at rest and in response to aerobic exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1072040. [PMID: 36620222 PMCID: PMC9811128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1072040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were examined in cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developed (TD) individuals at rest and after aerobic exercise, focusing on the size, concentration, and microRNA cargo of EVs. Nine adult individuals with CP performed a single exercise bout consisting of 45 min of Frame Running, and TD participants completed either 45 min of cycling (n = 10; TD EX) or were enrolled as controls with no exercise (n = 10; TD CON). Blood was drawn before and 30 min after exercise and analyzed for EV concentration, size, and microRNA content. The size of EVs was similar in CP vs. TD, and exercise had no effect. Individuals with CP had an overall lower concentration (∼25%, p < 0.05) of EVs. At baseline, let-7a, let-7b and let-7e were downregulated in individuals with CP compared to TD (p < 0.05), while miR-100 expression was higher, and miR-877 and miR-4433 lower in CP compared to TD after exercise (p < 0.05). Interestingly, miR-486 was upregulated ∼2-fold in the EVs of CP vs. TD both at baseline and after exercise. We then performed an in silico analysis of miR-486 targets and identified the satellite cell stemness factor Pax7 as a target of miR-486. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured with a miR-486 mimetic and RNA-sequencing was performed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that several genes involved in sarcomerogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) were downregulated. Our data suggest that circulating miR-486 transported by EVs is elevated in individuals with CP and that miR-486 alters the transcriptome of myoblasts affecting both ECM- and sarcomerogenesis-related genes, providing a link to the skeletal muscle alterations observed in individuals with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Alkner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Eksjö, Region Jönköping County and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emma Hjalmarsson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Palmcrantz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Pontén
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Characterisation of Progressive Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis in the Mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158735. [PMID: 35955872 PMCID: PMC9369129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disease leading to progressive muscle wasting, respiratory failure, and cardiomyopathy. Although muscle fibrosis represents a DMD hallmark, the organisation of the extracellular matrix and the molecular changes in its turnover are still not fully understood. To define the architectural changes over time in muscle fibrosis, we used an mdx mouse model of DMD and analysed collagen and glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans content in skeletal muscle sections at different time points during disease progression and in comparison with age-matched controls. Collagen significantly increased particularly in the diaphragm, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius in adult mdx, with fibrosis significantly correlating with muscle degeneration. We also analysed collagen turnover pathways underlying fibrosis development in cultured primary quadriceps-derived fibroblasts. Collagen secretion and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) remained unaffected in both young and adult mdx compared to wt fibroblasts, whereas collagen cross-linking and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) expression significantly increased. We conclude that, in the DMD model we used, fibrosis mostly affects diaphragm and quadriceps with a higher collagen cross-linking and inhibition of MMPs that contribute differently to progressive collagen accumulation during fibrotic remodelling. This study offers a comprehensive histological and molecular characterisation of DMD-associated muscle fibrosis; it may thus provide new targets for tailored therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoffman DB, Raymond-Pope CJ, Sorensen JR, Corona BT, Greising SM. Temporal changes in the muscle extracellular matrix due to volumetric muscle loss injury. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:124-137. [PMID: 33535825 PMCID: PMC8364566 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1886285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a devastating orthopedic injury resulting in chronic persistent functional deficits, loss of joint range of motion, pathologic fibrotic deposition and lifelong disability. However, there is only limited mechanistic understanding of VML-induced fibrosis. Herein we examined the temporal changes in the fibrotic deposition at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 48 days post-VML injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Lewis rats (n = 39) underwent a full thickness ~20% (~85 mg) VML injury to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle unilaterally, the contralateral TA muscle served as the control group. All TA muscles were harvested for biochemical and histologic evaluation. RESULTS The ratio of collagen I/III was decreased at 3, 7, and 14 days post-VML, but significantly increased at 48 days. Decorin content followed an opposite trend, significantly increasing by day 3 before dropping to below control levels by 48 days. Histological evaluation of the defect area indicates a shift from loosely packed collagen at early time points post-VML, to a densely packed fibrotic scar by 48 days. CONCLUSIONS The shift from early wound healing efforts to a fibrotic scar with densely packed collagen within the skeletal muscle occurs around 21 days after VML injury through dogmatic synchronous reduction of collagen III and increase in collagen I. Thus, there appears to be an early window for therapeutic intervention to prevent pathologic fibrous tissue formation, potentially by targeting CCN2/CTGF or using decorin as a therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Hoffman
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | | | - Jacob R. Sorensen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | | | - Sarah M. Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455;,For reprints contact: Sarah M. Greising, Ph.D., 1900 University Ave SE, 220A Cooke Hall, Minneapolis MN, 55455, , Phone: 612-626-7890, Fax: 612-626-7700
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Konno RN, Nigam N, Wakeling JM, Ross SA. The Contributions of Extracellular Matrix and Sarcomere Properties to Passive Muscle Stiffness in Cerebral Palsy. Front Physiol 2022; 12:804188. [PMID: 35153814 PMCID: PMC8827041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.804188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy results from an upper motor neuron lesion and significantly affects skeletal muscle stiffness. The increased stiffness that occurs is partly a result of changes in the microstructural components of muscle. In particular, alterations in extracellular matrix, sarcomere length, fibre diameter, and fat content have been reported; however, experimental studies have shown wide variability in the degree of alteration. Many studies have reported changes in the extracellular matrix, while others have reported no differences. A consistent finding is increased sarcomere length in cerebral palsy affected muscle. Often many components are altered simultaneously, making it difficult to determine the individual effects on muscle stiffness. In this study, we use a three dimensional modelling approach to isolate individual effects of microstructural alterations typically occurring due to cerebral palsy on whole muscle behaviour; in particular, the effects of extracellular matrix volume fraction, stiffness, and sarcomere length. Causation between the changes to the microstructure and the overall muscle response is difficult to determine experimentally, since components of muscle cannot be manipulated individually; however, utilising a modelling approach allows greater control over each factor. We find that extracellular matrix volume fraction has the largest effect on whole muscle stiffness and mitigates effects from sarcomere length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Konno
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ryan N. Konno
| | - Nilima Nigam
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - James M. Wakeling
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Ross
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fridén J, Stankovic N, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Increased muscle fiber size and pathology with botulinum toxin treatment of upper extremity muscles in cerebral palsy. CURRENT TOPICS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 18:167-178. [PMID: 36999118 PMCID: PMC10049878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX) are regularly used to treat skeletal muscle spasticity and relieve pain during rehabilitation therapy. However, while numerous preclinical studies have shown dramatic atrophic changes in muscle, little is known about the long-term effect of toxin on human skeletal muscle. In this study, muscle morphology was analyzed in biopsies taken from spastic upper extremity muscles of 8 cerebral palsy patients treated with BTX 5 months to 4 years prior sampling and was compared to muscles from 7 patients who had not ever received BTX treatment (overall 25 muscle biopsies obtained from 6 different muscles.). The most important (and surprising) finding was that BTX-treated muscles contained significantly larger fibers compared to untreated muscles. A strong correlation between fiber size and age was observed but the growth rate in the BTX group was larger. Pathological signs such as central nuclei, neonatal myosin heavy chain expression, angular fibers and hybrid fibers (expressing both slow and fast myosin heavy chain fibers) were significantly greater in BTX-treated muscles compared to untreated muscles. Capillarization was also increased in BTX-treated muscle compared to untreated muscles and was the best predictor of fiber size. We suggest that, in the context of spasticity, BTX may block negative, atrophy-inducing pressure of the central nervous system on skeletal muscle or may allow an altered use pattern that should be considered a positive adjuvant to current rehabilitation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fridén
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Tetrahand Surgery and Hand Surgery, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Stankovic
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Department of Radiology, University of California and Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, San Diego, California, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California and Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard L. Lieber
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago IL, USA
- Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maywood IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Energetics of walking in individuals with cerebral palsy and typical development, across severity and age: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture 2021; 90:388-407. [PMID: 34564011 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) report physical fatigue as a main cause of limitation, deterioration and eventually cessation of their walking ability. A consequence of higher level of fatigue in individuals with CP leads to a less efficient and long-distance walking ability. RESEARCH QUESTION This systematic review investigates the difference in 1) walking energy expenditure between individuals with CP and age-matched typically developing (TD) individuals; and 2) energetics of walking across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and age. METHODS Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Scopus) were searched using search terms related to CP and energetics of walking. RESULTS Forty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Thirty-one studies compared energy expenditure between CP and age-matched controls. Twelve studies correlated energy expenditure and oxygen cost across GMFCS levels. Three studies investigated the walking efficiency across different ages or over a time period. A significant increase of energy expenditure and oxygen cost was found in individuals with CP compared to TD age-matched individuals, with a strong relationship across GMFCS levels. SIGNIFICANCE Despite significant differences between individuals with CP compared to TD peers, variability in methods and testing protocols may play a confounding role. Analysis suggests oxygen cost being the preferred/unbiased physiological parameter to assess walking efficacy in CP. To date, there is a knowledge gap on age-related changes of walking efficiency across GMFCS levels and wider span of age ranges. Further systematic research looking at longitudinal age-related changes of energetics of walking in this population is warranted.
Collapse
|
18
|
Larger muscle fibers and fiber bundles manifest smaller elastic modulus in paraspinal muscles of rats and humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18565. [PMID: 34535711 PMCID: PMC8448745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive elastic modulus of muscle fiber appears to be size-dependent. The objectives of this study were to determine whether this size effect was evident in the mechanical testing of muscle fiber bundles and to examine whether the muscle fiber bundle cross-section is circular. Muscle fibers and fiber bundles were extracted from lumbar spine multifidus and longissimus of three cohorts: group one (G1) and two (G2) included 13 (330 ± 14 g) and 6 (452 ± 28 g) rats, while Group 3 (G3) comprised 9 degenerative spine patients. A minimum of six muscle fibers and six muscle fiber bundles from each muscle underwent cumulative stretches, each of 10% strain followed by 4 minutes relaxation. For all specimens, top and side diameters were measured. Elastic modulus was calculated as tangent at 30% strain from the stress–strain curve. Linear correlations between the sample cross sectional area (CSA) and elastic moduli in each group were performed. The correlations showed that increasing specimen CSA resulted in lower elastic modulus for both rats and humans, muscle fibers and fiber bundles. The median ratio of major to minor axis exceeded 1.0 for all groups, ranging between 1.15–1.29 for fibers and 1.27–1.44 for bundles. The lower elastic moduli with increasing size can be explained by relatively less collagenous extracellular matrix in the large fiber bundles. Future studies of passive property measurement should aim for consistent bundle sizes and measuring diameters of two orthogonal axes of the muscle specimens.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lieber RL, Binder-Markey B. Biochemical and structural basis of the passive mechanical properties of whole skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3809-3823. [PMID: 34101193 PMCID: PMC8364503 DOI: 10.1113/jp280867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive mechanical properties of whole skeletal muscle are not as well understood as active mechanical properties. Both the structural basis for passive mechanical properties and the properties themselves are challenging to determine because it is not clear which structures within skeletal muscle actually bear passive loads and there are not established standards by which to make mechanical measurements. Evidence suggests that titin bears the majority of the passive load within the single muscle cell. However, at larger scales, such as fascicles and muscles, there is emerging evidence that the extracellular matrix bears the major part of the load. Complicating the ability to quantify and compare across size scales, muscles and species, definitions of muscle passive properties such as stress, strain, modulus and stiffness can be made relative to many reference parameters. These uncertainties make a full understanding of whole muscle passive mechanical properties and modelling these properties very difficult. Future studies defining the specific load bearing structures and their composition and organization are required to fully understand passive mechanics of the whole muscle and develop therapies to treat disorders in which passive muscle properties are altered such as muscular dystrophy, traumatic laceration, and contracture due to upper motor neuron lesion as seen in spinal cord injury, stroke and cerebral palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Edward Hines V.A. Medical Center, Hines, IL USA
| | - Ben Binder-Markey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences
and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel
University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dykstra PB, Dayanidhi S, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. Stretch-induced satellite cell deformation incontracturedmuscles in children with cerebral palsy. J Biomech 2021; 126:110635. [PMID: 34303895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are quiescent, adult skeletal muscle stem cells responsible for postnatal muscle growth and repair. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have muscle contractures with reduced SC abundance, extracellular matrix abnormalities and reduced serial sarcomere number resulting in greatly increased in vivo sarcomere length, perhaps due to impaired sarcomere addition, compared to children with typical development (TD). Stretch is a strong activator of SCs that leads to addition of sarcomeres during bone-muscle growth. Mechanical loading and subsequent deformation of intracellular structures can lead to activation and proliferation, perhaps by cytoskeletal transmissions of extracellular mechanical signals to the nuclei. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of ex vivo stretch-induced sarcomere length change on SC deformation in children with CP and TD. Muscle biopsies were obtained from twelve children (7 CP, 5 TD) during surgery. Fiber bundles were labeled with fluorescent antibodies for Pax7 (SC), DRAQ5 (nuclei), and alpha-actinin (sarcomere protein). Fibers were stretched using a custom jig and imaged using confocal microscopy. SC nuclear length, height and aspect ratio underwent increased deformation with increasing sarcomere length (p < 0.05) in both groups. Slopes of association for SC nuclear length, aspect ratio and sarcomere lengths were similar between CP and TD. Our results indicate that SC in children with CP undergo similar deformation as TD across sarcomere lengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Dykstra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry G Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Edward G Hines VA Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu LY, Mileti CJ, Loomis T, Brashear SE, Ahmad S, Chellakudam RR, Wohlgemuth RP, Gionet-Gonzales MA, Leach JK, Smith LR. Skeletal muscle progenitors are sensitive to collagen architectural features of fibril size and cross linking. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C330-C342. [PMID: 34191625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00065.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for the robust regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. However, in fibrotic environments marked by abundant collagen and altered collagen organization, the regenerative capability of MuSCs is diminished. MuSCs are sensitive to their extracellular matrix environment but their response to collagen architecture is largely unknown. The present study aimed to systematically test the effect of underlying collagen structures on MuSC functions. Collagen hydrogels were engineered with varied architectures: collagen concentration, cross linking, fibril size, and fibril alignment, and the changes were validated with second harmonic generation imaging and rheology. Proliferation and differentiation responses of primary mouse MuSCs and immortal myoblasts (C2C12s) were assessed using EdU assays and immunolabeling skeletal muscle myosin expression, respectively. Changing collagen concentration and the corresponding hydrogel stiffness did not have a significant influence on MuSC proliferation or differentiation. However, MuSC differentiation on atelocollagen gels, which do not form mature pyridinoline cross links, was increased compared with the cross-linked control. In addition, MuSCs and C2C12 myoblasts showed greater differentiation on gels with smaller collagen fibrils. Proliferation rates of C2C12 myoblasts were also higher on gels with smaller collagen fibrils, whereas MuSCs did not show a significant difference. Surprisingly, collagen alignment did not have significant effects on muscle progenitor function. This study demonstrates that MuSCs are capable of sensing their underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and enhancing differentiation on substrates with less collagen cross linking or smaller collagen fibrils. Thus, in fibrotic muscle, targeting cross linking and fibril size rather than collagen expression may more effectively support MuSC-based regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ya Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Cassidy J Mileti
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Taryn Loomis
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sarah E Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sarah Ahmad
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Rosemary R Chellakudam
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ross P Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Anand V, Khandelwal M, Sharma A. Biglycan: an emerging small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) marker and its clinicopathological significance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3935-3950. [PMID: 34181183 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structural organization of tissue and delivery of external cues to the cell. Biglycan, a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), is a key component of the ECM that participates in scaffolding the collagen fibrils and mediates cell signaling. Dysregulation of biglycan expression can result in wide range of clinical conditions such as metabolic disorder, inflammatory disorder, musculoskeletal defects and malignancies. In this review, we aim to update our current understanding regarding the link between altered expression of biglycan and different clinicopathological states. Biglycan interacts with toll like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 on the immune cells which initiates inflammation and aggravates inflammatory disorders. ECM unbound soluble biglycan acts as a DAMP (danger associated molecular pattern) resulting in sterile inflammation. Dysregulation of biglycan expression is also observed in inflammatory metabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis and obesity. In cancer, high-biglycan expression facilitates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis which is associated with poor clinical outcome. As a pivotal structural component of the ECM, biglycan strengthens the musculoskeletal system and its absence is associated with musculoskeletal defects. Thus, SLRP biglycan is a potential marker which is significantly altered in different clinicopathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
- Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhuram Khandelwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV. Serum trace element and amino acid profile in children with cerebral palsy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126685. [PMID: 33249374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing data demonstrate that both trace elements and amino acids play a significant role in neurodevelopment and brain functioning. Certain studies have demonstrated alteration of micronutrient status in children with cerebral palsy, although multiple inconsistencies exist. THE OBJECTIVE of the present study was to assess serum trace element and mineral, as well as amino acid levels in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS 71 children with cerebral palsy (39 boys and 32 girls, 5.7 ± 2.3 y.o.) and 84 healthy children (51 boys and 33 girls, 5.4 ± 2.3 y.o.) were enrolled in the present study. Serum trace element and mineral levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acid profile was evaluated by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Children with cerebral palsy are characterized by significantly lower Cu and Zn levels by 6% and 8%, whereas serum I concentration exceeded the control values by 7%. A tendency to increased serum Mn and Se levels was also observed in patients with cerebral palsy. Serum citrulline, leucine, tyrosine, and valine levels were 15 %, 23 %, 15 %, and 11 % lower than those in healthy controls. Nearly twofold lower levels of serum proline were accompanied by a 44 % elevation of hydroxyproline concentrations when compared to the control values. In multiple regression model serum I, Zn, and hydroxyproline levels were found to be independently associated with the presence of cerebral palsy. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between Cu, Mn, Se, I, and Zn levels with hydroxyproline and citrulline concentrations. CONCLUSION The observed alterations in trace element and amino acid metabolism may contribute to neurological deterioration in cerebral palsy. However, the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow to estimate the causal trilateral relationships between cerebral palsy, altered trace element, and amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
|
24
|
Brashear SE, Wohlgemuth RP, Gonzalez G, Smith LR. Passive stiffness of fibrotic skeletal muscle in mdx mice relates to collagen architecture. J Physiol 2021; 599:943-962. [PMID: 33247944 PMCID: PMC9926974 DOI: 10.1113/jp280656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The amount of fibrotic material in dystrophic mouse muscles relates to contractile function, but not passive function. Collagen fibres in skeletal muscle are associated with increased passive muscle stiffness in fibrotic muscles. The alignment of collagen is independently associated with passive stiffness in dystrophic skeletal muscles. These outcomes demonstrate that collagen architecture rather than collagen content should be a target of anti-fibrotic therapies to treat muscle stiffness. ABSTRACT Fibrosis is prominent in many skeletal muscle pathologies including dystrophies, neurological disorders, cachexia, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia and metabolic disorders. Fibrosis in muscle is associated with decreased contractile forces and increased passive stiffness that limits joint mobility leading to contractures. However, the assumption that more fibrotic material is directly related to decreased function has not held true. Here we utilize novel measurement of extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen architecture to relate ECM form to muscle function. We used mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy that becomes fibrotic, and wildtype mice. In this model, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was significantly stiffer, but with similar total collagen, while the soleus muscle did not change stiffness, but increased collagen. The stiffness of the EDL was associated with increased collagen crosslinking as determined by collagen solubility. Measurement of ECM alignment using polarized light microscopy showed a robust relationship between stiffness and alignment for wildtype muscle that broke down in mdx muscles. Direct visualization of large collagen fibres with second harmonic generation imaging revealed their relative abundance in stiff muscles. Collagen fibre alignment was linked to stiffness across all muscles investigated and the most significant factor in a multiple linear regression-based model of muscle stiffness from ECM parameters. This work establishes novel characteristics of skeletal muscle ECM architecture and provides evidence for a mechanical function of collagen fibres in muscle. This finding suggests that anti-fibrotic strategies to enhance muscle function and excessive stiffness should target large collagen fibres and their alignment rather than total collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Ross P. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Gabriella Gonzalez
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wakeling JM, Tijs C, Konow N, Biewener AA. Modeling muscle function using experimentally determined subject-specific muscle properties. J Biomech 2021; 117:110242. [PMID: 33545605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle models are commonly based on intrinsic properties pooled across a number of individuals, often from a different species, and rarely validated against directly measured muscle forces. Here we use a rich data set of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle forces recorded during in-situ and in-vivo isometric, isotonic, and cyclic contractions to test the accuracy of forces predicted using Hill-type muscle models. We identified force-length and force-velocity parameters for each individual, and used either these subject-specific intrinsic properties, or population-averaged properties within the models. The modeled forces for cyclic in-vivo and in-situ contractions matched with measured muscle-tendon forces with r2 between 0.70 and 0.86, and root-mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.10 to 0.13 (values normalized to the maximum isometric force). The modeled forces were least accurate at the highest movement and cycle frequencies and did not show an improvement in r2 when subject-specific intrinsic properties were used; however, there was a reduction in the RMSE with fewer predictions having higher errors. We additionally recorded and tested muscle models specific to proximal and distal regions of the muscle and compared them to measures and models from the whole muscle belly: there was no improvement in model performance when using data from specific anatomical regions. These results show that Hill-type muscle models can yield very good performance for cyclic contractions typical of locomotion, with small reductions in errors when subject-specific intrinsic properties are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Wakeling
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - C Tijs
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Concord Field Station, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - N Konow
- Concord Field Station, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Bedford, MA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - A A Biewener
- Concord Field Station, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Bedford, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wheatley BB. Investigating Passive Muscle Mechanics With Biaxial Stretch. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1021. [PMID: 32973555 PMCID: PMC7468495 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The passive stiffness of skeletal muscle can drastically affect muscle function in vivo, such as the case for fibrotic tissue or patients with cerebral palsy. The two constituents of skeletal muscle that dominate passive stiffness are the intracellular protein titin and the collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM). However, efforts to correlate stiffness and measurements of specific muscle constituents have been mixed, and thus the complete mechanisms for changes to muscle stiffness remain unknown. We hypothesize that biaxial stretch can provide an improved approach to evaluating passive muscle stiffness. Methods We performed planar biaxial materials testing of passively stretched skeletal muscle and identified three previously published datasets of uniaxial materials testing. We developed and employed a constitutive model of passive skeletal muscle that includes aligned muscle fibers and dispersed ECM collagen fibers with a bimodal von Mises distribution. Parametric modeling studies and fits to experimental data (both biaxial and previously published) were completed. Results Biaxial data exhibited differences in time dependent behavior based on orientation (p < 0.0001), suggesting different mechanisms supporting load in the direction of muscle fibers (longitudinal) and in the perpendicular (transverse) directions. Model parametric studies and fits to experimental data exhibited the robustness of the model (<20% error) and how differences in tissue stiffness may not be observed in uniaxial longitudinal stretch, but are apparent in biaxial stretch. Conclusion This work presents novel materials testing data of passively stretched skeletal muscle and use of constitutive modeling and finite element analysis to explore the interaction between stiffness, constituent variability, and applied deformation in passive skeletal muscle. The results highlight the importance of biaxial stretch in evaluating muscle stiffness and in further considering the role of ECM collagen in modulating passive muscle stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Wheatley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Corvelyn M, De Beukelaer N, Duelen R, Deschrevel J, Van Campenhout A, Prinsen S, Gayan-Ramirez G, Maes K, Weide G, Desloovere K, Sampaolesi M, Costamagna D. Muscle Microbiopsy to Delineate Stem Cell Involvement in Young Patients: A Novel Approach for Children With Cerebral Palsy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:945. [PMID: 32848872 PMCID: PMC7424076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP), the single largest cause of childhood physical disability, is characterized firstly by a lesion in the immature brain, and secondly by musculoskeletal problems that progress with age. Previous research reported altered muscle properties, such as reduced volume and satellite cell (SC) numbers and hypertrophic extracellular matrix compared to typically developing (TD) children (>10 years). Unfortunately, data on younger CP patients are scarce and studies on SCs and other muscle stem cells in CP are insufficient or lacking. Therefore, it remains difficult to understand the early onset and trajectory of altered muscle properties in growing CP children. Because muscle stem cells are responsible for postnatal growth, repair and remodeling, multiple adult stem cell populations from young CP children could play a role in altered muscle development. To this end, new methods for studying muscle samples of young children, valid to delineate the features and to elucidate the regenerative potential of muscle tissue, are necessary. Using minimal invasive muscle microbiopsy, which was applied in young subjects under general anaesthesia for the first time, we aimed to isolate and characterize muscle stem cell-derived progenitors of TD children and patients with CP. Data of 15 CP patients, 3–9 years old, and 5 aged-matched TD children were reported. The muscle microbiopsy technique was tolerated well in all participants. Through the explant technique, we provided muscle stem cell-derived progenitors from the Medial Gastrocnemius. Via fluorescent activated cell sorting, using surface markers CD56, ALP, and PDGFRa, we obtained SC-derived progenitors, mesoangioblasts and fibro-adipogenic progenitors, respectively. Adipogenic, skeletal, and smooth muscle differentiation assays confirmed the cell identity and ability to give rise to different cell types after appropriate stimuli. Myogenic differentiation in CP SC-derived progenitors showed enhanced fusion index and altered myotube formation based on MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN expression, as well as disorganization of nuclear spreading, which were not observed in TD myotubes. In conclusion, the microbiopsy technique allows more focused muscle research in young CP patients. Current results show altered differentiation abilities of muscle stem cell-derived progenitors and support the hypothesis of their involvement in CP-altered muscle growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Corvelyn
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorieke Deschrevel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Prinsen
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido Weide
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|