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Huang Y, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Bhatarasakoon P, Pichayapan P, Worland S. Depression and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Engineering Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Thailand. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2334. [PMID: 37628531 PMCID: PMC10454827 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental health problem that can affect everyone at different stages of development. Though the prevalence rate of depression among university students is rising, exploration among engineering students is limited. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors of among engineering students in Thailand. METHODS A total of 346 students participated in this study. All completed the outcome inventory depression subscale (OI-D) to evaluate the level and prevalence of depression. Other variables assessed included social skills, learning styles, relationship satisfaction, interpersonal difficulty, alcohol use, internet addiction, and neuroticism. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to test the association between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and depression. RESULTS Of the 346 students with the mean age of 20.25 (SD, 1.33), 52.31% were male. Based on the OI-D, 35.3% of participants exhibited symptoms indicative of major depression. Multiple regression showed that only neuroticism, interpersonal difficulties, social skills, and self-esteem appeared to be the significant predictors of depression. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression among engineering students in Thailand was unexpectedly high compared with the prevalence of depression among engineering students in some other countries. Intra- and interpersonal factors were found to be associated with depression. Further study on identifying these risk factors should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Huang
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patraporn Bhatarasakoon
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Preda Pichayapan
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shirley Worland
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Park CH, Kwon J, Lee JT, Ahn S. Impact of Criterion Versus Norm-Referenced Assessment on the Quality of Life in Korean Medical Students. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e133. [PMID: 37128877 PMCID: PMC10151616 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are known to be subjected to immense stress under competitive curricula and have a high risk of depression, burnout, anxiety and sleep disorders. There is a global trend of switching from norm-referenced assessment (NRA) to criterion-referenced assessment (CRA), and these changes may have influenced the quality of life (QOL), sleep phase, sleep quality, stress, burnout, and depression of the medical students. We hypothesized that there is a significant difference of QOL between CRA and NRA and that sleep, stress, burnout, and depression are the main contributors. METHODS By administering an online survey regarding QOL and its contributors to Korean medical students, 365 responses from 10 medical schools were recorded. To clarify the complex relationship between the multiple factors in play, we applied nonlinear machine learning algorithms and utilized causal structure learning techniques on the survey data. RESULTS Students with CRA had lower scores in stress (68.16 ± 11.29, 76.03 ± 12.38, P < 0.001), burnout (48.09 ± 11.23, 55.93 ± 13.07, P < 0.001), depression (12.77 ± 9.82, 16.44 ± 11.27, P = 0.003) and higher scores in QOL (95.79 ± 16.20, 89.65 ± 16.28, P < 0.001) compared with students with NRA. Multiple linear regression, permutation importance of the random forest model and the causal structure model showed that depression, stress and burnout are the most influential factors of QOL of medical students. CONCLUSION Medical students from schools that use CRA showed higher QOL scores, as well as lower burnout, stress and depression when compared with students from schools that use NRA. These results may be used as a basis for granting justification for the transition to CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Hwan Park
- Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Kwon
- Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sangzin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Bitar Z, Rogoza R, Hallit S, Obeid S. Mindfulness among lebanese university students and its indirect effect between mental health and wellbeing. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:114. [PMID: 37055857 PMCID: PMC10100626 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are a high-risk population for developing mental health issues. Mindfulness, the non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, has an effective role in numerous psychological contexts among students. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between mindfulness, mental health and wellbeing among Lebanese university students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between mental health and wellbeing in this population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 363 Lebanese university students recruited through convenience sampling (July-September 2021). The Wellbeing Index Scale, Lebanese Anxiety Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory were used to assess subjective well-being, anxiety, depression and mindfulness respectively. RESULTS Our findings showed that higher mindfulness (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001) was significantly correlated with a higher wellbeing, whereas more depression (Beta=-0.36; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with a lower wellbeing. The results of the indirect effect analysis showed that mindfulness mediated the association between anxiety and wellbeing and between depression and wellbeing. Higher anxiety/depression were significantly associated with lower mindfulness and a lower wellbeing (direct effect). Moreover, higher mindfulness was significantly associated with a higher wellbeing. CONCLUSION Mindfulness is associated with improved wellbeing and plays an indirect role between mental health issues and wellbeing. Our results suggest that mindfulness presents an adaptive approach and coping method associated with improved students' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bitar
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Radosław Rogoza
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
- Social Innovation Chair, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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Alshammari T, Alseraye S, Rogowska A, Alrasheed N, Alshammari M. Examining the Indirect Effect of Online Gaming on Depression via Sleep Inequality and Anxiety-A Serial and Parallel Mediation Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247293. [PMID: 36555910 PMCID: PMC9781004 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders are highly prevalent among first-year college students. Gaming disorder (GD) is an emerging disorder linked to physical and psychological consequences. We aimed to investigate the mechanism linking GD with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among first-year undergraduate students. Four hundred fifty-seven participants were recruited, and the survey included the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Our results showed that female students scored significantly higher than males in anxiety and depression. Furthermore, we found that depression is positively and strongly correlated to anxiety, and both are moderately associated with sleep quality. Gaming is positively related to depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Interestingly, the health sciences tracks showed lower sleep quality than undergraduates from other tracks. There was a 64% variance in depression explained by many predictors, including anxiety, sleep quality, gaming, painkiller use, and gender. In addition, the mediation models showed that the association between gaming and depression is mediated indirectly by sleep quality, and sleep quality may be mediated directly by anxiety. The first year in college occurs at a critical developmental and professional stage, and our results highlight the need to establish support programs and conduct mental health educational workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Alseraye
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nouf Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kaya C. Factors impacting depression severity among Turkish college students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Weight-Related Status and Associated Predictors with Psychological Well-being among First-Year University Students in Bangladesh: A Pilot Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUniversity students (especially first-years) not only have to cope with their academic curriculum but also issues such as being away from the home environment and living independently for the first time. Those who do not adapt quickly to these new conditions are likely to be susceptible to physical and psychological vulnerabilities. The present study surveyed first-year Bangladeshi undergraduate students to investigate their weight status (i.e., the prevalence of being normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese) and the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 404 first-year university students (aged 18–23 years) residing at a Bangladeshi university. The participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic and behavioral variables, alongside the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine significant associations between the variables under examination. Prevalence rates of being normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese were 66.8%, 20.3%, 9.7%, and 3.2% respectively. Associated predictors of weight-related problems were being female and lack of physical exercise. The prevalence rate of depression was 68.1%. There were no significant gender differences and associated predictors of depression were lack of physical exercise, unsatisfactory sleep quality, excessive internet use, and excessive reading hours. Being underweight, overweight, or being obese alongside the prevalence of depression among first-year university students were high. Findings indicate that first-year university students are a vulnerable group for some physical and psychological problems. Findings recommend the need for intervention programs, alongside adequate and appropriate supportive services for first-year Bangladeshi university students.
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Rasheduzzaman M, Al Mamun F, Faruk MO, Hosen I, Mamun MA. Depression in Bangladeshi university students: The role of sociodemographic, personal, and familial psychopathological factors. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1585-1594. [PMID: 33442872 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although depression has adverse effects on all aspects of university students' quality of life, fewer studies have been conducted in Bangladesh; which was investigated herein. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1844 students enrolled at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the explanatory power of the variables predicting depression in this population. FINDINGS Depression prevalence was 28.7%; and female gender, first-year student status, substance use, past-year physical and psychological illness, stressful life events, family psychiatric history, and personal suicidal behaviors were the main risk factors. The final model considering all the studied variables explained 23.5% of the variance in depression. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Effective psychological help services, awareness and intervention programs, and so on, should be implemented to reduce students' psychological burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rasheduzzaman
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh (CHINTA Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh (CHINTA Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh (CHINTA Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Dhaka Dental College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh (CHINTA Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh (CHINTA Research Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Saltan A, Ankaralı H. Does Pilates effect on depression status, pain, functionality, and quality of life in university students? A randomized controlled study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:198-205. [PMID: 32488934 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise program on health-related quality of life, pain, functional level, and depression status in university students. DESIGN AND METHODS The exercise programs were carried out for 12 weeks. The scales of Nottingham Health Profile, Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Beck Depression Inventory were used at the baseline and after training. FINDINGS Exercise should be encouraged to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in healthy university students. Both Pilates and therapeutic exercises approach can be preferred. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results of this study show the inability to identify clear different effects from therapeutic exercises on university students for Pilates exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Saltan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Handan Ankaralı
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Biostatistics, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Prevalence of depression and its relationship with quality of life among university students in Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15798. [PMID: 32978428 PMCID: PMC7519638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) are common in university students and are considerably influenced by the given socioeconomic context. Being former European colonies, Macau and Hong Kong are China’s special administrative regions, with different sociocultural and economic background compared to mainland China. This study compared the prevalence of depression in university students between Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China and examined the association between depression and quality of life (QOL). The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure depression and QOL, respectively.
Altogether, 2,312 university students participated in this study. The overall prevalence of depression was 28.9%; 35.2% in Macau, 41.0% in Hong Kong, and 16.8% in mainland China. Compared to the “No depression” group, students with depression had significantly lower QOL scores in the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. Factors associated with depression were different between the three study sites. Sleep disturbances and high academic pressure were positively associated with depression in all the three samples. In mainland China, male students (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.10–2.56) were more likely to have depression while those who were interested in their major (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29–0.69) were less likely to have depression. In Macau, students in Grade 3 (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.36–0.89) and those who were interested in their major (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42–0.81) or had optimistic perspective about their future (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36–0.73) were less likely to have depression. Nursing students (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.21–2.87) and students with the average score on major subject less than 65 (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.70–5.78) were more likely to have depression. In Hong Kong, students with optimistic perspective about their future (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.91) were less prone to have depression. Depression is common among Chinese university students, particularly in Macau and Hong Kong. Considering the negative impact of depression on QOL, regular screening and effective treatments should be offered to this population.
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Tekindal M, Çevriml M, Akin A, Mat B, Arikan M, Polat M. The relationship between consumption of animal products and expenditure levels with Quality of Life Scores (SF-36) by veterinary students in Turkey. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to calculate the quality of life scores (Short Form-36) of veterinary students in Turkey and review their scores with regards to different socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 1211 students studying veterinary medicine in 26 different faculties in Turkey were selected by stratified sampling method and were asked questions concerning their consumption of and expenditures on foods of animal origin using the SF-36 questionnaire between October and December 2018. Significant differences were found between SF-36 components in terms of year level, gender, accommodation status, income level, and level of expenditures on foods and foods of animal origin (P<0.01). With the increase in the size of the budget set aside for animal products, the scores in the domains of physical functioning, vitality, mental health, pain, and general health perception also enhanced, and statistically significant differences were found (P<0.01). The low quality of life scores of the veterinary students can be improved by increasing their income level and consumption of foods of animal origin. This will ensure that they are energetic and have the desired level of mental and general health perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A.C. Akin
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey
| | - B. Mat
- Selçuk University, Turkey
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Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
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Milic M, Levine H, Pekmezovic T, Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Maric G, Popovic A, Stevanovic J, Patil KH, Gazibara T. Is exposure to indoor secondhand smoke associated with poor mental health? Results from non-conflict and post-conflict setting. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:1294-1307. [PMID: 32841089 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1810716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between exposure to indoor SHS and self-reported HRQoL among healthy non-smoking students at the University of Belgrade, Serbia and Kosovska Mitrovica located in the post-conflict Kosovo province. Students who presented at Student Public Health Center in Belgrade in 2009 and Kosovska Mitrovica in 2015 for mandatory health checks were invited to participate. Data were collected using socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire, health-related quality of life questionnaire Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A total of 82.3% students in Belgrade sample and 76.0% in Kosovska Mitrovica sample reported daily exposure to indoor SHS. After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and behavior, daily exposure to indoor SHS for more than 6 hours was associated with poorer Vitality (β = -5.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.49, -1.61) and Mental Health (β = 5.00, 95% CI-8.94, -1.07) only among students at the University of Belgrade. This study showed that the association between longer daily indoor SHS exposure and poor mental health HRQoL was not consistent in non-conflict and post-conflict setting. This association was not found in a post-conflict setting. Strict no smoking policies are needed in student housing, university campuses and all public spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- Faculty for Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Shakouri SK, Aghdam AT, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Abdolalipour S, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Association of quality of life with physical activity, depression, and demographic characteristics and its predictors among medical students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:147. [PMID: 32766332 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face a variety of challenges during their years of medical education that can affect their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to investigate the association of QOL with physical activity (PA), depression, and demographic characteristics, as well as to determine its predictors among medical students in different stages of education. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 186 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in different educational stages including basic sciences, physiopathology, externship, and internship using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, International PA Questionnaire, World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 23 through descriptive and analytic statistics including one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS There were significant differences in total score of QOL among students in different stages (P < 0.05). There were indirect significant correlations between total score of QOL (β [confidence interval 95%]:-0.85 [-1.11--0.59]) and its all subdomains with Beck depression score but direct significant correlations with total PA (P < 0.05) except for social relationship. Educational stage, employment status, family income, inhabitant, moderate PA, and depression were the predictors of QOL and altogether explained 63% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS To pay attention to the predictors of QOL, life among medical students seems necessary for increasing their QOL to provide high-quality care for people with disabilities as well as for the whole community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health and Management, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Somayeh Abdolalipour
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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de-Mateo-Silleras B, Camina-Martín MA, Cartujo-Redondo A, Carreño-Enciso L, de-la-Cruz-Marcos S, Redondo-Del-Río P. Health Perception According to the Lifestyle of University Students. J Community Health 2020; 44:74-80. [PMID: 30014181 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-018-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
University students are characterized by having inadequate eating habits, along with an unhealthy lifestyle, which, among other factors, can affect the perception they have of their state of health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the health perception of a group of university students according to lifestyle. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 214 university students from different universities and branches of knowledge. Anthropometric data were collected. Three questionnaires were administered: PREDIMED (Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence), SF-36 (perception of health state) and GPAQ (physical activity (PA)). The differences between variables were analyzed using Student-t or Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Chi-Square tests. Statistical significance was reached at p < 0.05. Most students were found to be normal weighted. The subjects presented an moderate MD adherence, this being better in Health Sciences students. 75.7% practiced light PA. The health perception is worse for most of the subscales analyzed than that of the reference population (except physical-function, physical-role, and emotional-role). There is an association between PA and health perception: students with intense PA have less body pain and better physical function; the less active, the less vitality. The more physically active subjects the greater MD adherence. Lifestyle and eating habits of health sciences students are healthier than that of students from other branches of knowledge. The physically active subjects have a better perception of quality of life-related to health and greater MD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de-Mateo-Silleras
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mª Alicia Camina-Martín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Cartujo-Redondo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Carreño-Enciso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sandra de-la-Cruz-Marcos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paz Redondo-Del-Río
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
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Samuels DV, Rosenthal R, Lin R, Chaudhari S, Natsuaki MN. Acne vulgaris and risk of depression and anxiety: A meta-analytic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:532-541. [PMID: 32088269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown an association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety, but a quantitative review has not yet been conducted. OBJECTIVE We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that elucidates the association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published before October 1, 2019 from the PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. We used a metaanalytic approach to perform a random effects analysis comparing individuals with and without acne. Subgroup analyses between studies included age, study setting, and geographic region. RESULTS Forty-two studies were included. We found a significant association of acne vulgaris with depression (r = 0.22 [95% confidence interval 0.17-0.26, P < .00001]) and anxiety (r = 0.25 [95% confidence interval 0.19-0.31, P < .00001]). Subgroup analyses and comparisons showed moderating influences based on factors including age, study setting, and geographic region. LIMITATIONS Inconsistency between publications regarding acne and outcome ascertainment, data reporting, and studies with no control group posed considerable barriers to synthesizing all available published literature. CONCLUSIONS Because of an increased risk for depression and anxiety, clinicians should pursue aggressive treatment of acne and consider psychiatric screening or referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Samuels
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.
| | - Robert Rosenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Rick Lin
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; Bay Area Corpus Christi Medical Center, South Texas Dermatology Residency Program, McAllen, Texas
| | - Soham Chaudhari
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; Bay Area Corpus Christi Medical Center, South Texas Dermatology Residency Program, McAllen, Texas
| | - Misaki N Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California
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16
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Milic M, Gazibara T, Pekmezovic T, Kisic Tepavcevic D, Maric G, Popovic A, Stevanovic J, Patil KH, Levine H. Tobacco smoking and health-related quality of life among university students: Mediating effect of depression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227042. [PMID: 31914158 PMCID: PMC6948726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between cigarette smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among students in two different universities, and the potential mediating effect of depression. Participants were students who came for mandatory check-ups at Student Health Care Centers in two Universities in Serbia, differing by socio-politically and economically environments. Students completed socio-demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the SF-36 questionnaire for assessment of HRQoL. In both populations, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and health factors, smoking was associated with poorer Mental Composite Score (MCS) and Physical Composite Score (PCS) (Belgrade 1,624 students: MCS β = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31, 5.44, PCS β = 1.01, 95% CI -0.50, 2.52; Kosovska Mitrovica 514 students: MCS β = 5.06, 95% CI 1.74, 8.37, PCS β = 3.29, 95% CI 0.75, 5.83). After additional adjustment for BDI score, the observed associations were lost (Belgrade: MCS β = 1.12, 95% CI -0.57, 2.80, PCS β = -0.40, 95% CI -1.71, 0.92; Kosovska Mitrovica: MCS β = 0.77, 95% CI -2.06, 3.60, PCS β = 0.56, 95% CI -1.75, 2.87). Higher BDI score was associated with poorer PCS and MCS across all quintiles. The association of smoking with impairment of HRQoL among university students in two different settings was mediated by higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for further research on the interaction between smoking, mental health and quality of life, with implications for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milic
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- School for Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Shah T, Pol T. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in college students. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dagnew B, Dagne H, Andualem Z. Depression and Its Determinant Factors Among University of Gondar Medical and Health Science Students, Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:839-845. [PMID: 32280225 PMCID: PMC7125332 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s248409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by loss of interest or pleasure. Prevalence of depression is varied in different groups and countries. No adequate study has been undertaken in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and determinant factors among University of Gondar Medical and Health Sciences students, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out using simple random sampling technique to select study participants and the study was conducted from June to July 2019. We used self-administered second edition of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to collect data on depressive symptoms. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula. We entered the data using Epi Info 7 and then exported into Stata 14 for analysis. A binary logistic regression was used to identify determinant factors of depression. In the final model, a variable with a p<0.05 was considered as a significant factor for depression by an adjustment of odds ratio with 95% of uncertainty interval (UI). RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-three students completed the questionnaire with 97.7% response rate. The mean age of participants was 20.8 (±1.83, 18-34) years. The prevalence of depression was 34.73% (95% UI: 29.94-39.52%). The odds of having depression was higher among students who came from rural family (AOR=1.67, 95% UI: 1.02-2.72), who experienced tooth grinding (AOR=2.79, 95% UI: 1.36-5.74), who had night sleep disturbances (AOR=1.95, 95% UI: 1.17-3.25), who reported daytime sleepiness (AOR=1.93, 95% UI: 1.16-3.20), who had reported stress (AOR=4.20, 95% UI: 1.90-9.26), and those studying Health sciences (AOR=2.65, 95% UI: 1.34-5.26). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression among university students was high which could lead to loss of personal control, disturbed learning capacity, and social interaction. Preventive strategies such as life skills training should be given for prevention and management of depression particularly targeting students coming from a rural family, those with stress, and having poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zewudu Andualem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Shakouri SK, Aghdam AT, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Abdolalipour S, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Association of quality of life with physical activity, depression, and demographic characteristics and its predictors among medical students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:147. [PMID: 32766332 PMCID: PMC7377133 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face a variety of challenges during their years of medical education that can affect their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to investigate the association of QOL with physical activity (PA), depression, and demographic characteristics, as well as to determine its predictors among medical students in different stages of education. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 186 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in different educational stages including basic sciences, physiopathology, externship, and internship using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, International PA Questionnaire, World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 23 through descriptive and analytic statistics including one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS There were significant differences in total score of QOL among students in different stages (P < 0.05). There were indirect significant correlations between total score of QOL (β [confidence interval 95%]:-0.85 [-1.11--0.59]) and its all subdomains with Beck depression score but direct significant correlations with total PA (P < 0.05) except for social relationship. Educational stage, employment status, family income, inhabitant, moderate PA, and depression were the predictors of QOL and altogether explained 63% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS To pay attention to the predictors of QOL, life among medical students seems necessary for increasing their QOL to provide high-quality care for people with disabilities as well as for the whole community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health and Management, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Somayeh Abdolalipour
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail:
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20
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Kim CJ, Park HR, Schlenk EA, Kang SW, Seo EJ. The moderating role of acculturation mode on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life among international students in Korea. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:192-197. [PMID: 31753227 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the moderating role of acculturation mode on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in international students. This cross-sectional study enrolled a convenience sample of 147 international students at a university in Korea. Participants' overall HRQoL was moderate (mean = 57.2 of 80). The main and interaction effects of depressive symptoms and selected acculturation modes explained 39.9% of the variance in HRQoL. For all acculturation modes except the integration mode, as depressive symptom scores increased, HRQoL decreased. Specifically, at high depressive symptoms levels, participants with the marginalization, separation, and assimilation modes had worse HRQoL than did the integration mode, while HRQoL was similar for all acculturation modes at low depressive symptom levels. These findings suggest that future prospective intervention strategies should be considered for not only depressive symptoms levels, but also for different acculturation modes to enhance HRQoL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ja Kim
- Ajou University College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Ran Park
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | | | - Se-Won Kang
- Department of Nursing Science, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Seo
- Ajou University College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Suwon, South Korea.
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21
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Lee B, Kaya C, Chen X, Wu JR, Iwanaga K, Umucu E, Bezyak J, Tansey TN, Chan F. The Buffering Effect of Character Strengths on Depression. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The transition from high school to college can be very stressful for Turkish students because they may experience value conflicts and adjustment issues, which can trigger the development of mental health problems. Character strengths can serve as a buffer against psychopathology. The aim of the study was to examine perceived stress and negative attributional style as mediating factors between character strengths and depression among Turkish college students. Bootstrap testing approach was implemented to compute direct and indirect effects and total effect in the mediation analysis. Altogether 235 students from two Turkish universities participated in the study. The results showed that character strengths were associated with lower levels of depression and it was negatively associated with perceived stress and negative attributional style. The results also indicated that perceived stress and negative attribution style completely mediated the relationship between character strengths and depression among Turkish college students. These findings suggested the need to develop empirically supported interventions that can promote character strengths toward reducing stress, negative attributions, and depression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cahit Kaya
- Department of Educational Sciences, Giresun University, Turkey
| | - Xiangli Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jia-Rung Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kanako Iwanaga
- Health and Human Sciences Department, Northern Illinois University, IL, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jill Bezyak
- Rehabilitation Counseling and Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Timothy N. Tansey
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fong Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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22
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Onuigbo LN, Eseadi C, Ebifa S, Ugwu UC, Onyishi CN, Oyeoku EK. Effect of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Program on Depressive Symptoms Among University Students with Blindness in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Oginni OA, Mosaku KS, Mapayi BM, Akinsulore A, Afolabi TO. Depression and Associated Factors Among Gay and Heterosexual Male University Students in Nigeria. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1119-1132. [PMID: 28466230 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Homosexuality is a recognized risk factor for depression in high-income countries; however, there is little research investigating the relationship between depression and sexual orientation in developing countries, especially in Africa. In this first study to investigate psychopathology in sexual minority men in Nigeria, the prevalence rates of depression in Nigerian gay and heterosexual individuals were compared as well as the explanatory power of risk and resilience factors in both groups. Eighty-one gay and 81 heterosexual male university students were, respectively, recruited from the Obafemi Awolowo University. Both groups were assessed for depression and other clinical factors, including alcohol and other substance use, suicidal ideation, and resilience. Gay students were further assessed for sexuality-related variables, including minority stress factors such as internalized homophobia and perceived stigma. The prevalence rates of depression among gay and heterosexual students were, respectively, 16 and 4.9% (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.15-11.82), and this increased likelihood for depression was significantly attenuated by resilience. Clinical factors correlated significantly with depression in both groups, explaining 31% of the variance in depression in gay and heterosexual students, respectively. Sexuality-related variables including internalized homophobia and perceived stigma were further associated with depression in gay students-accounting for a further 14% of the variance of depression in gay students. The findings highlight the importance of minority stress factors in understanding depression among non-heterosexual individuals in a developing country, and the need for further research to investigate the mechanisms of these relationships in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle A Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Kolawole S Mosaku
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Boladale M Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adesanmi Akinsulore
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Temitope O Afolabi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Seo EH, Kim SG, Kim SH, Kim JH, Park JH, Yoon HJ. Life satisfaction and happiness associated with depressive symptoms among university students: a cross-sectional study in Korea. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2018; 17:52. [PMID: 30568720 PMCID: PMC6297950 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of life satisfaction and happiness, as well as the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in a large sample of university students. METHODS We included 2338 students at 6 universities in 1 metropolitan city and 2 provinces of Korea. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, and scores of 16 or higher were categorized as the presence of depression. Various sociodemographic, life satisfaction, happiness, and clinical factors (alcohol consumption and sleep quality) were measured. According to the presence of depression, sociodemographic, life satisfaction, happiness, and clinical characteristics were compared using statistical analyses. Further, a logistic regression model was constructed to examine the impact of life satisfaction, happiness, and clinical factors on depression. RESULTS Among participants, 13.4% were identified as having depression. Life satisfaction and happiness were associated with a lower risk of depression, while hazardous alcohol drinking and poor sleep quality were related to a higher risk of depression. In addition, female gender, subjective body shape as obese, and insufficient pocket money were found to be significant correlates of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated possible risk and protective factors of underlying depressive symptoms. Especially, our findings suggest that improvement in life satisfaction and happiness would be important in the prevention and management of depression. Our findings may contribute to developing specialized mental health programs for prevention, screening, and treatment of depression among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Seo
- 1Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gon Kim
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Yoon
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
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25
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Kakunje A, Prabhu A, Sindhu Priya ES, Karkal R, Kumar P, Gupta N, Rahyanath PK. Valproate: It's Effects on Hair. Int J Trichology 2018; 10:150-153. [PMID: 30386073 PMCID: PMC6192236 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_10_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproate is a drug used in the treatment of various seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis, and off label in many indications by various specialists. The common adverse drug reactions reported on valproate administration are tremor, weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, thrombocytopenia, and hair loss. An internet search with keywords “valproate” and “hair” was done on Google Search and PubMed for articles related to the topic. Recognition of cosmetically significant side effects on hair is necessary and neglect of which might result in poor compliance. Valproate-induced hair loss is diffused, nonscarring, and dose related. Other hair-related adverse events are curling of hair, graying, dirty appearance, and changes in texture. In contrast to oral ingestions causing hair loss, experiments with topical valproic acid have shown some initial evidence on hair regeneration. This makes valproate's effects on hair interesting and understanding it's effects on hair is very much essential in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kakunje
- Department of Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - E S Sindhu Priya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravichandra Karkal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Parmod Clinic, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India
| | - P K Rahyanath
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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26
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Nur N, Kıbık A, Kılıç E, Sümer H. Health-related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Undergraduate University Students. Oman Med J 2017; 32:329-334. [PMID: 28804586 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to explore factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among students of Cumhuriyet University, Turkey. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 1751 undergraduate students. HRQOL was measured using the Turkish version of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire. We looked at the effect of sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age, drinking, and smoking) on the individual HRQOL domains. RESULTS Place of residency (odds ratio (OR) = 3.947 for role emotion dimension), smoking status (OR = -2.756 for role physical dimension), received amount of pocket money (OR = 2.463 for mental health dimension), and body mass index (OR = 1.463 for mental health dimension) were the factors significantly associated with the HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS Young students' HRQOL is affected by socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors. To improve student's HRQOL, any health-promoting strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors and socioeconomic supports for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Nur
- Department of Public Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kıbık
- Department of Public Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Esma Kılıç
- Department of Public Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Haldun Sümer
- Department of Public Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Schlarb AA, Claßen M, Hellmann SM, Vögele C, Gulewitsch MD. Sleep and somatic complaints in university students. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1189-1199. [PMID: 28572738 PMCID: PMC5441659 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s125421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common among university students. Poor sleep is associated with impaired daily functioning, increased risk of psychiatric symptoms, and somatic complaints such as pain. Previous results suggest that poor sleep exacerbates pain, which in turn negatively affects sleep. The purpose of the present study was to determine prevalence rates, comorbidity, and role of depression as a factor of moderating the relationship between sleep and physical complaints in German university students. SAMPLES AND METHODS In total, 2443 German university students (65% women) completed a web survey. Self-report measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, three modules of the Patient Health Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on the functional somatic syndromes (FSSs). RESULTS More than one-third (36.9%) reported poor sleep as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Somatoform syndrome was identified in 23.5%, and the prevalence of any FSS was 12.8%. Self-reported sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunctioning were significant predictors of somatoform syndrome, whereas sleep efficiency and sleep duration influenced somatic complaints indirectly. Moderate correlations were found between stress, anxiety, somatoform syndrome, depression, and overall sleep quality. The effect of somatic complaints on sleep quality was associated with the severity of depression. Anxiety shows direct effects on somatization and depression but only indirect associations with sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika A Schlarb
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Merle Claßen
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sara M Hellmann
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Marco D Gulewitsch
- Faculty of Science, Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Li W, Meng X, Xu Z, Yu Q, Shi J, Yu Y, D'Arcy C, Huang Y, Kou C. Prevalence, correlates of major depression: A mental health survey among undergraduates at a mainland Chinese university. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2016; 8:206-14. [PMID: 26178524 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional survey among Chinese university students aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduates, in order to provide basic information for the prevention and treatment of depression among the college-aged population. METHODS A total of 2,046 undergraduates were interviewed face to face using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (WHO-CIDI, version 3.0). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria were used to diagnose MDD. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between MDD and selected correlates. RESULTS The survey response rate was 90.1% (N = 1,843). The prevalence rates of MDD were 3.9% (lifetime), 2.4% (12 months) and 0.4% (30 days). No significant gender or age differences were found in prevalence rates. No sociodemographic characteristics were related to the lifetime prevalence of MDD. In contrast, family structure and environment factors specifically being from a single-parent family (odds ratio [OR] = 2.513, confidence interval [CI] = 1.404-2.500), parents having mental problems (OR = 1.809, CI = 1.104-2.964), and physical punishment (OR = 1.789, CI = 1.077-3.001) were associated with higher lifetime prevalence of MDD. DISCUSSION These findings showed a relatively lower prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI MDD in this sample of Chinese undergraduates than that reported for students in other countries. However, the prevalence rate for university students was higher than that reported for general Chinese population. Family structure and socio-environmental factors in the student's family of origin significantly correlated with the lifetime prevalence of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and the Douglas Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ziqi Xu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jieping Shi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Institute of Mental health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Depression, Anxiety and Symptoms of Stress among Baccalaureate Nursing Students in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080779. [PMID: 27527192 PMCID: PMC4997465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the prevalence of depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong. Recent epidemiological data suggest that the prevalence of mild to severe depression, anxiety and stress among qualified nurses in Hong Kong stands at 35.8%, 37.3% and 41.1%, respectively. A total of 661 nursing students were recruited to participate in our cross-sectional mental health survey using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant relationships between variables. Working in general medicine, being in financial difficulty, having sleep problems, not having leisure activity and perceiving oneself in poor mental health were significant correlates of past-week depression, anxiety and stress. Year of study, physical inactivity and family crisis in the past year correlated significantly with depression. Imbalanced diets significantly correlated with anxiety. Stress was significantly associated with a lack of alone time. This is the first study to confirm empirically that clinical specialty, financial difficulties and lifestyle factors can increase nursing students’ levels of depression and anxiety and symptoms of stress. Prevention, including the early detection and treatment of mental disorder, promises to reduce the prevalence of these indicators among this group.
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Oztasan N, Ozyrek P, Kilic I. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TURKEY. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28:210-4. [PMID: 27482164 PMCID: PMC4949046 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.210-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Purpose of this descriptive study is to determine the mental health problems and quality of life levels of college students and examine the relationship between them. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 429 students continuing their education in Health School at Afyon Kocatepe University. Data were collected by using information form, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), SF 36 Quality of Life Scale questionnaires. In the analysis of obtained data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analyses were used. Findings: Mental symptoms which the students got the highest scores from the subscales of BSI were respectively, depression (1.31±0.75), hostility (1.22±0.67) and anxiety (1.00±0.65). Discomfort severity index which is the overall score of the scale was found 1.07±0.61. Relation between state of mind and quality of life was found statistically significant (F: 70.894; p<0.000). When quality of life summary scores examined, it was found out that physical health summary score (48.92±7.93) and mental health summary score (43.44±9.52) points were low. Conclusions: Consequently, according to averages of scores, it can be said that frequency of the mental symptoms of students are high but their quality of life is low. It was found that when students’ quality of life decreased, their mental symptoms increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Oztasan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Pakize Ozyrek
- Department of Surgery Nursing, Health Sciences High School, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kilic
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Lins L, Carvalho FM, Menezes MS, Porto-Silva L, Damasceno H. Health-related quality of life of students from a private medical school in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 6:149-54. [PMID: 26547925 PMCID: PMC4646360 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.563a.5dec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to describe factors associated with its variation among undergraduate medical students at a Brazilian private medical school. METHODS A cross-sectional study in a sample (n=180) of medical students at a private medical school in Salvador, Brazil, stratified by year of medical course. Data about age, sex, year of course, physical activity, sleepiness, headaches, participation in a student loan program supported by the Brazilian government (FIES) and living arrangements were collected using a self-administered form. HRQOL was assessed by using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the SF-36 form. The eight domains of SF-36 and the Physical Component (PCS) and Mental Component (MCS) Summaries scales were calculated. RESULTS The medical students showed poor HRQOL, mainly because of the mental component. Lower mean scores were found among those with FIES support, females, those suffering from sleepiness, headaches and lacking physical activity. No clear trend was observed in the variation of the SF-36 mean scores according to the year of medical school. However, students in the fifth year of the course had the highest HRQOL mean scores. CONCLUSIONS Health-related quality of life of students at this private medical school was poor, mainly because of its mental component. Lower HRQOL was associated with FIES support, females, sleepiness, headaches and lack of regular physical activity. Higher scores were found among fifth year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Lins
- Department of Humanities, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
| | - Fernando M. Carvalho
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marta S. Menezes
- Department of Humanities, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
| | - Larissa Porto-Silva
- Department of Humanities, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
| | - Hannah Damasceno
- Department of Humanities, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
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Sokratous S, Merkouris A, Middleton N, Karanikola M. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptoms among Cypriot university students: a cross-sectional descriptive co-relational study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:235. [PMID: 25266117 PMCID: PMC4147177 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings in the literature suggest that the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students is associated with specific socio-demographic characteristics. No related research studies have been conducted among university students in Cyprus. The current study aims to add more evidence to the literature by estimating the prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms and their association with individual, parental, academic and health-related behavior characteristics. METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study with internal comparison was performed. The occurrence of depressive symptoms was assessed by the Center for Epidemiology Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D). Clinical depressive symptoms were reported as CES-D values ≥ 20. The socio-demographic and other characteristics of the participants were assessed using a questionnaire specifically designed for the present study. Both questionnaires were completed anonymously and voluntarily by 1,500 students (29.9% males and 70.1% females, response rate 85%). RESULTS The prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms [CES-D score ≥ 20] was 27.9%. Among other, strong positive associations with clinical depressive symptoms were observed with a) positive personal and family history of depression (OR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.77 - 4.60), b) self -assessed poor physical and mental health (OR 11.30, 95% CI: 7.05 - 18.08). Moreover, students with learning disabilities, as well as those who were dissatisfied with the major under study, the quality of the educational system, the living arrangement, their social life and the available university facilities (OR 2.73, 95% CI: 2.00 - 3.72) were more likely to report clinical depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study highlight specific individual, parental, academic and health-related behavior characteristics of the students associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. Thus, targeted interventions considering the socio-demographic profile of vulnerable students for early recognition and manifestation of mental health disturbances may be designed. Moreover, the relatively high prevalence of clinical symptoms of depression within this particular cultural context may warrant further investigation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Sokratous
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Vragadinou Street, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Anastasios Merkouris
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Vragadinou Street, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Vragadinou Street, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Vragadinou Street, Limassol, Cyprus
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Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Gazibara T, Popovic A, Trajkovic G, Pekmezovic T. The impact of alcohol on health-related quality of life in Belgrade University students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2014; 39:130-5. [PMID: 23421572 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2012.746348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess alcohol drinking patterns and its influence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among the Belgrade University students. METHODS Between April and June, 2009, 1624 students were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. All participants in the study completed the questionnaire that comprised demographic data, as well as information referring to education, social status, lifetime residence, and habits. HRQoL was assessed by using SF-36 questionnaire and general depressive status by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS The occurrence of getting drunk on a yearly level had a statistically significant correlation with both SF-36 composite scores (ρ = -.048, p = .049 for Physical Composite Score (PCS), ρ = -.053, p = .038 for Mental Composite Score (MCS)) and the total score (ρ= -.057, p = .025). Those who were never getting drunk had statistically significantly higher scores for Social functioning and Mental health SF-36 as well as for MCS compared to students who were getting drunk on monthly and weekly basis. After adjustment for multiple testing, Social functioning domain and MCS remained statistically significant. The final models of hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that gender, place of residence during high schooling, type of faculty, depression, chronic conditions, and alcohol consumption accounted 15.2% of the variance in PCS and 17.7% of the variance in MCS. CONCLUSION Information regarding drinking patterns and its influence on HRQoL in the Belgrade University students can help public health professionals, university administration, and local health care providers in developing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.
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The association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms among Cypriot university students: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1121. [PMID: 24304515 PMCID: PMC3866572 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous findings suggest that stressful life events have a causal relationship with depressive symptoms. However, to date little is known concerning the contribution of the number and severity of recent stressful life events on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with the number and the severity of self-reported stressful life events among university students in Cyprus. Methods A descriptive correlational design with cross sectional comparison was used. The CES-D scale was applied for the assessment of depressive symptoms and the LESS instrument for stressful life events. Both scales were completed anonymously and voluntarily by 1.500 students (response rate 85%). Results The prevalence of mild to moderate depressive symptoms [CES-D score between 16 and 21] and of clinically significant depressive symptoms [CES-D score ≥ 22] were 18.8% and 25.3% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in clinically significant depressive symptoms by gender, with higher rates among women (x2 = 8.53, df = 1, p = 0.003). Higher scores on the LESS scale were associated with more frequent reports of clinical depressive symptoms (x2 = 70.63, df = 4, p < 0.001). Similarly, an association was found between the number of life events and clinical depressive symptoms (x2 = 40.06, df = 4, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics confirmed that the responders who reported a high number (n = 12–21) of stressful life events during the previous year (OR = 2.64 95% CI: 1.02, 6.83) and a severe degree of stress due to these events (total LESS score > 351, OR = 3.03 95% CI: 1.66, 5.39) were more likely to manifest clinical depressive symptoms. Conclusions The high frequency of occurrence of depressive symptoms among Cypriot university students, as well as the strong association with stressful life events, highlights the need for psychological empowerment strategies towards students by institutional counseling services.
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Evaluating of life quality in patients with acne vulgaris using generic and specific questionnaires. Dermatol Res Pract 2013; 2013:108624. [PMID: 24371434 PMCID: PMC3859265 DOI: 10.1155/2013/108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that can adversely affect the quality of life of patients. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life in patients with acne vulgaris. Methods. This study was carried out on 70 patients with acne vulgaris (28 males, 42 females). All the patients filled out two Persian versions of questionnaires: short form 36 (SF-36) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 17). Results. The scores for physical functioning, social functioning, and bodily pain domains in patients were over 70%, but the scores for role physical, general health, vitality, role emotional, and mental health in patients were under 70%. Scores on the DLQI in patients with acne vulgaris ranged from 0 to 22 (mean ± SD, 8.18 ± 4.83). After comparing mean score of DLQI with respect to gender and age, it was found that the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Acne vulgaris has a significant effect on the quality of life. There was not any significant gender or age related difference in QOL.
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Jamali A, Tofangchiha S, Jamali R, Nedjat S, Jan D, Narimani A, Montazeri A. Medical students' health-related quality of life: roles of social and behavioural factors. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2013; 47:1001-1012. [PMID: 24016170 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long and demanding course of medical education may be accompanied by distress with serious consequences. This study was conducted to assess the multidimensional health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in medical students in different stages of medical education and its associations with behavioural and social factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in medical students at three medical schools at, respectively, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Aja University of Medical Sciences and Baghiyatalah Medical School, in November and December 2011 using stratified sampling. Data were obtained on participants' characteristics, including gender, current education stage, living situation, smoking status, physical activity, and membership of associations or teams. Health-related QoL was measured using the Persian version of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which generates a physical component score (PCS) and a mental component score (MCS). Logistic regression was applied to measure the adjusted associations between variables. RESULTS Of the 1350 students invited, 1086 individuals completed the survey to give a response rate of 80.4%. Logistic regression showed male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, p < 0.001), living with family versus in a dormitory (OR = 2.72, p < 0.001) and participation in daily physical activity (OR = 16.96, p < 0.001) to be significantly associated with a higher PCS. Being in an internship versus in the basic sciences stage of medical education showed a significant association with a lower PCS (OR = 0.12, p < 0.001). Similarly, male gender (OR = 1.67, p < 0.05), living with family rather than in a dormitory (OR = 16.91, p < 0.001), daily physical activity (OR = 25.36, p < 0.001), and membership of associations or teams (OR = 3.67, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher MCS. Likewise, studying in internship rather than in the basic sciences stage was accompanied by a lower MCS (OR = 0.12, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This large, multi-institution study, despite its limitations, indicates that medical students in internships show lower scores in all domains of QoL. Social engagement is an important associate of higher HR-QoL. Further studies should address the efficacy of interventions, such as self-awareness programmes and initiatives to encourage students to be more physically and socially active, in improving students' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Socioeconomic status and the risk of depression among U.K. higher education students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1491-501. [PMID: 23412652 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many university students experience some symptoms of depression during the course of their studies but there is evidence that students from less advantaged backgrounds may be more vulnerable. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional online survey of 923 undergraduate students attending 6 U.K. Universities in the academic year 2009-2010 who completed a modified version of the Zagazig Depression Scale (ZDS). RESULTS Overall, 58.1% of female and 59.9% of male study participants screened positive for depression (ZDS score >10). In the fully adjusted model, final year students (OR = 1.8) who lived in a more deprived area (OR = 2.3) were more likely to report higher rates of depressive symptoms. Additionally, students with high perceived control (OR = 1.6) whose mothers were highly educated (OR = 0.5) and from a family of a high affluence (OR = 0.3) were less likely to suffer from higher rates of depressive symptoms. The relationship between lower social economic status and depression was partly mediated by low sense of control. CONCLUSION Students from less advantaged backgrounds are more at risk of depression but a strong sense of control over one's life may be protective. APPLICATION Since depression has strong impact on students' learning and quality of life universities should consider confidential screening for mental health problems and provide additional support for students.
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Taylor VH, Forhan M, Vigod SN, McIntyre RS, Morrison KM. The impact of obesity on quality of life. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:139-46. [PMID: 23731876 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An important association exists between obesity and mental illness that impacts all aspects of an individual's quality of life. This association can begin early in the developmental trajectory and we do not yet completely understand all the mechanisms linking obesity and mental illness. What we e do know is that physical health factors that often occur secondary to obesity, combined with societal attitudes toward those that are obese coupled with iatrogenic treatment factors linked to psychiatric pharmacotherapy and a number of biologic mediators result in an important and increasing common comorbidity. Recognizing this association is essential for the proper management of both conditions. The following review addresses this issue and provides clinical pearls to help deal with this issue.
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A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:391-400. [PMID: 23260171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common health problem, ranking third after cardiac and respiratory diseases as a major cause of disability. There is evidence to suggest that university students are at higher risk of depression, despite being a socially advantaged population, but the reported rates have shown wide variability across settings. PURPOSE To explore the prevalence of depression in university students. METHOD PubMed, PsycINFO, BioMed Central and Medline were searched to identify studies published between 1990 and 2010 reporting on depression prevalence among university students. Searches used a combination of the terms depression, depressive symptoms, depressive disorders, prevalence, university students, college students, undergraduate students, adolescents and/or young adults. Studies were evaluated with a quality rating. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reported prevalence rates ranged from 10% to 85% with a weighted mean prevalence of 30.6%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that university students experience rates of depression that are substantially higher than those found in the general population. Study quality has not improved since 1990.
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Pei Lin L, Wan Putri Elena WD, Mohd Razif S. Nutrition Quality of Life among Female-Majority Malay Undergraduate Students of Health Sciences. Malays J Med Sci 2012; 19:37-49. [PMID: 23785251 PMCID: PMC3684233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students generally tend to engage in problematic eating behaviours, including unhealthy dieting, skipping meals, and high intake of fast food, although they are aware of the negative consequences. Eating behaviours have been shown to be interestingly related to quality of life (QoL). Our study aimed to 1) assess general nutrition quality of life (NQoL) status and 2) compare NQoL status based on gender, financial resources, study courses, year of study, and body mass index (BMI) profiles. METHODS This study was conducted among undergraduates of health sciences in a local public university in Terengganu. Students completed the Malay version of NQoL (6 domains; 50 items; Likert-type responses 1-5). Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 16.0, utilising descriptive and parametric statistics. RESULTS A total of 241 students were enrolled [age = 19.7 (0.1) years; female (83.0%); Malay (96.7%)]. Social/Interpersonal Factors [3.84 (0.43)] emerged as the best component, while Food Impact [3.10 (0.40)] was the worst. Across all variables, only gender and study courses showed significantly different NQoL. Females scored better than males in Self-Efficacy (confidence in food selection ability) (P < 0.05). Nursing students also experienced significantly greater NQoL (mean = 3.58, 95% CI = 3.47, 3.68) than radiography students in Self-Efficacy (p < 0.05). Medical laboratory technology students had a significantly more favourable NQoL rating (mean = 3.62, 95% CI = 3.47, 3.76) than nursing students in Self-Image (p < 0.05). Study courses significantly influenced the NQoL status of students with Good NQoL, while those with Poor NQoL were mostly influenced by gender and financial resources (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These outcomes indicate that specific demographic characteristics seemed to make a difference in the NQoL of undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lua Pei Lin
- Centre for Clinical and Quality of Life Studies (CCQoLS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Dali Wan Putri Elena
- Centre for Clinical and Quality of Life Studies (CCQoLS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shahril Mohd Razif
- Centre for Clinical and Quality of Life Studies (CCQoLS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Glazebrook C. Analysis of an Egyptian study on the socioeconomic distribution of depressive symptoms among undergraduates. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47:927-37. [PMID: 21626055 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide population surveys show that prevalence of mental disorders in developing countries was as common as in industrialized countries. College life is an important stage in every person's life; unfortunately, it may be the time to experience depression for the first time. Latterly, there has been a steady increase in the number of university students diagnosed and treated as depressed patients. This paper presents the results of a study carried out on a representative sample of undergraduate students of an Egyptian University, which aimed to study the relationship between social factors and the occurrence of depression. It was assumed that the poorer the socio-economic background the higher the rates of depression. METHOD Data were collected in 2004 from students at Assiut University using the Zagazig Depression scale (ZDS) and an Egyptian socio-economic status measure. This analysis, based on a refined version of the ZDS used STATA (v. 10.1.). Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate regression models were used to test for associations with the dimensions of SES and depression. RESULT Thirty-seven percent of the students had symptoms scored above the threshold for moderate depression. In the fully adjusted model: faculty of study, father's occupation, family income and number of persons per room were associated with depression in this sample. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among Egyptian students found in this study call attention to the need for a student counseling service offering mental health support. This service should particularly discover an approach for low affluence students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Ibrahim
- Community Health School, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Bhandari P. Stress and health related quality of life of Nepalese students studying in South Korea: a cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22410138 PMCID: PMC3334675 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years there has been a growing trend among students to travel for educational purposes to other countries where there is the possibility of experiencing considerable amounts of stress affecting their physical and mental functioning. The aims of the current study were to investigate the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of Nepalese students studying in South Korea to explore the relationship between HRQOL and perceived and acculturative stress, and to identify the determinants of HRQOL. Methods One hundred and thirty students were enrolled in this study. HRQOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Forms (SF-12) questionnaire. Perceived stress and acculturative stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and Acculturative Stress Scale for international students, respectively. Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results Perceived stress and acculturative stress were negatively correlated with HRQOL. The highest value in the HRQOL was reported for the vitality subscale and the lowest value was reported for the role-emotional. In the regression model, perceived stress, acculturative stress, relationship with advisor, and marital status accounted for a significant (p < .001) portion of the variance (49%) in the mental component summary of the HRQOL. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that Nepalese students studying in South Korea experience a considerable amount of perceived and acculturative stress, which is negatively related with their HRQOL. Provision of culture specific counseling and orientation programs may benefit the students. The determinants of HRQOL identified in this study were perceived stress, acculturative stress, relationship with advisor, and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Bhandari
- Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Science, Ewha Womans University, Helen Building, 11-1 Daehyun Dong, Seodaemun gu, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
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Gonçalves G, Amado JM, Matos ME, Massa A. The prevalence of acne among a group of Portuguese medical students. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:514-7. [PMID: 21518023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Gonçalves
- Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal.
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Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Challenor EC, Glazebrook C. Establishing the reliability and validity of the Zagazig Depression Scale in a UK student population: an online pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10:107. [PMID: 21143972 PMCID: PMC3003634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is thought that depressive disorders will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020. Recently, there is a steady increase in the number of university students diagnosed and treated as depression patients. It can be assumed that depression is a serious mental health problem for university students because it affects all age groups of the students either younger or older equally. The current study aims to establish the reliability and validity of the Zagazig Depression scale in a UK sample. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional online survey. A sample of 133 out of 275 undergraduate students from a range of UK Universities in the academic year 2008-2009, aged 20.3 ± 6.3 years old were recruited. A modified back translated version of Zagazig Depression scale was used. In order to validate the Zagazig Depression scale, participants were asked to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire. Statistical analysis includes Kappa analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's correlation analysis, and Confirmatory Factor analysis. RESULTS Using the recommended cut-off of Zagazig Depression scale for possible minor depression it was found that 30.3% of the students have depression and higher percentage was identified according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (37.4%). Females were more depressed. The mean ZDS score was 8.3 ± 4.2. Rates of depression increase as students get older. The reliability of The ZDS was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha was .894). For validity, ZDS score was strongly associated with PHQ, with no significant difference (p-value > 0.05), with strong positive correlation (r = +.8, p-value < 0.01). CONCLUSION The strong, significant correlation between the PHQ and ZDS, along with high internal consistency of the ZDS as a whole provides evidence that ZDS is a reliable measure of depressive symptoms and is promising for the use of the translated ZDS in a large-scale cross-culture study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Ibrahim
- Community Health School, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Shona J Kelly
- Centre for Intergenerational Health Research, University of South Australia, Division of Health Sciences, Social Epidemiology Unit, City East Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily C Challenor
- Division of Epidemiology, Community Health Sciences School, D Floor, West Block, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Division of Psychiatry, Community Health Sciences School, A Floor, South Block, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Sergentanis TN, Papadodima SA, Evaggelakos CI, Mytilinaios DG, Goutas ND, Spiliopoulou CA. Students' physical and psychological reactions to forensic dissection: Are there risk factors? ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2010; 3:287-294. [PMID: 21046569 DOI: 10.1002/ase.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of students to forensic dissection encompass psychologico-emotional and physical components. This exploratory study aimed to determine risk factors for students' adverse physical and psychological reactions to forensic dissection. All sixth-year medical students (n = 304) attending the compulsory practical course in forensic medicine in the 2005-2006 academic year were asked to complete a questionnaire at the conclusion of the five-day course. The questionnaire surveyed physical and psychological reactions (outcomes) and 47 student traits, beliefs, and behaviors (risk factors) that might predispose to adverse reactions. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression yielded five independent risk factors for negative psychological reactions: female gender, stereotypic beliefs about forensic pathologists, a less cognitive and more emotional frame of mind relative to forensic dissection, more passive coping strategies, and greater fear of death. The sole independent risk factor for physical symptoms was a less cognitive/more emotional approach to dissection. Students' reactions to forensic dissection integrate a host of inherent and dissection-related risk factors, and future interventions to improve this aspect of medical education will need to take into account the complexities underlying students' experiences with dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Pekmezovic T, Popovic A, Tepavcevic DK, Gazibara T, Paunic M. Factors associated with health-related quality of life among Belgrade University students. Qual Life Res 2010; 20:391-7. [PMID: 20878242 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the study were to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among students of University of Belgrade (Serbia) and to identify factors that might have associated with their HRQoL including relationship with depression. METHODS Between April and June, 2009, 1624 students were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. HRQoL was assessed by using SF-36 questionnaire and general depressive status by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In statistical analysis, ANOVA (Bonferroni adjustment), χ(2) test, and correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS In our study, the highest SF-36 scale score was obtained for Physical Functioning. All SF-36 domains significantly (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with BDI. Students of medical sciences had the lowest scores in almost all SF-36 domains. Students who lived with parents had statistically significantly higher scores of majority of SF-36 domains. The total SF-36 score significantly correlated with average monthly family income (P = 0.002). Smokers and non-smokers significantly differed in the total SF-36 score (P = 0.001). Based on the comparison across the physical activity categories, there is a clear pattern of differences in the total SF-36 scores (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that multiple factors are adversely associated with students' HRQoL. Appropriate health education programs to target modifiable risk factors may improve students' HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26A, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Halvorsen JA, Stern RS, Dalgard F, Thoresen M, Bjertness E, Lien L. Suicidal ideation, mental health problems, and social impairment are increased in adolescents with acne: a population-based study. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:363-70. [PMID: 20844551 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study to explore the relationship of suicidal ideation, mental health problems, and social functioning to acne severity among adolescents aged 18-19 years. A total of 4,744 youth were invited and 3,775 (80%) participated. In all, 14% reported having substantial acne (a lot and very much). Among those with very much acne, as compared those with no/little acne, suicidal ideation was twice as frequently reported among girls (25.5 vs. 11.9%) and three times more frequently reported among boys (22.6 vs. 6.3%). Suicidal ideation remained significantly associated with substantial acne (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.30-2.50) in a multivariate model including adjustments of symptoms of depression, ethnicity, and family income. Mental health problems, as assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (2.25, 1.69-3.00), low attachment to friends (1.52, 1.21-1.91), not thriving at school (1.41, 1.12-1.78), never having had a romantic relationship (1.35, 1.05-1.70), and never having had sexual intercourse (1.51, 1.21-1.89) were all associated with substantial acne in a multivariate model. Acne is frequently found in late adolescence and is associated with social and psychological problems. Adverse events including suicidal ideation and depression that have been associated with therapies for acne may reflect the burden of substantial acne rather than the effects of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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