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Song K, Chung S. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Obsession with COVID-19 among Older Adults. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:221-231. [PMID: 38634940 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were socially isolated for their protection against the virus impacting their mental health. Aiming to explore the role of loneliness and social isolation in the obsession with COVID-19 among older adults, we conducted an anonymous online survey with 300 older adults aged 65-80 years in South Korea between January and February 2023. The survey collected demographic information, past psychiatric history, medical disease, current psychological distress, and experiences related to COVID-19. Rating scales were the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), and Loneliness and Social Isolation Scale (LSIS). The regression analysis revealed that CRBS (β = 0.55, p < 0.001) and SAVE-6 (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of obsession with COVID-19 (adjusted R2 = 0.63, F = 126.9, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that loneliness and social isolation had a positive total effect on obsession with COVID-19, mediated by reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety (Standardized Estimator = 0.21, standard error = 0.05, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.41). Loneliness and social isolation were found to be indirectly linked to obsession with COVID-19 through reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness and social isolation among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent obsession with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, 53, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05368, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Pires MT, Mourão S, Santos J. Psychometric Validation of the Portuguese Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (PT-OCS). Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:563. [PMID: 38470674 PMCID: PMC10931488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Portuguese population are quite relevant and partially related to their repetitive and disruptive thinking about the disease. The successive periods of lockdown contributed to an additional burden on the family-work-life balance for parents. This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (PT-OCS), which was developed using a general sample from several regions of the country (n = 531) together with a specific sample of Portuguese parents (n = 109). The confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the PT-OCS includes a set of excellent psychometric properties concerning both the general sample (χ2(1) = 0.446, p = 0.504; CFI = 1.0; GFI = 1.0; RMSEA = 0.0; standardised RMR = 0.003) and the parent group (χ2(2) = 1.816, p = 0.403; CFI = 1.0; GFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.0; standardised RMR = 0.016; Bollen-Stine bootstrap p = 0.65). The scale shows very good reliability (0.84 < α/ω < 0.88). As expected, obsession with COVID-19 was highly correlated with COVID-19 anxiety, and women had higher PT-OCS scores. The findings suggest that the PT-OCS is a reliable and valid measure for both persistent and disruptive thinking about COVID-19 in different groups of the Portuguese population, with potential for studying future epidemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Taveira Pires
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Susana Mourão
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal;
| | - José Santos
- Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal;
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Durmaz A, Gun Kakasci C. Investigation of the Relationship Between COVID-19 Anxiety and Perception of Risk in Pregnancy, Fears of Death and Losing Their Baby in the Pandemic. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 88:347-363. [PMID: 35726590 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine Covid-19 anxiety, obsession, perception of risk and self-care agency levels of pregnant women during the pandemic and investigate the association between Covid-19 anxiety, obsession, perception of risk and self-care agency levels and the fears of death and losing their baby in the pregnant women. The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Five hundred thirty-eight pregnant women were included in the study. "COVID-19 Anxiety Scale," "COVID-19 Obsession Scale," "Risk Perception in Pregnancy Scale," and "The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale" were used to collect data of the study. In this study, the total Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, COVID-19 Obsession Scale, The Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire, The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale were found to be 0.73, 0.70, 0.86 and 0.95 respectively. Statistical analysis of data in the study was conducted using SPSS (22.0, IBM Corp. Armonk, NY) statistical program. Statistically significant differences were identified between the mean score from COVID-19 anxiety scale and the mean scores from COVID-19 obsession scale, the perception of pregnancy risk questionnaire and the exercise of self-care agency scale. These results suggest that education and health policies that focus on the health of pregnant women and their fetus should be developed for antenatal care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durmaz
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Ciğdem Gun Kakasci
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Rivera-Calcina R, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Valencia PD, Yupanqui-Lorenzo DE, Arias Gallegos WL, Reyes-Bossio M, Oré-Kovacs N, Rojas-Jara C, Gallegos M, Polanco-Carrasco R, Cervigni M, Martino P, Lobos-Rivera ME, Moreta-Herrera R, Palacios Segura DA, Samaniego-Pinho A, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Camargo A, Torales J, Monge Blanco JA, González P, Smith-Castro V, Petzold-Rodriguez O, Calderón R, Matute Rivera WY, Ferrufino-Borja D, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A, Palacios J, Burgos-Videla C, Eduviges Florez León AM, Vergara I, Vega D, Noe-Grijalva M, Shulmeyer MK, Urrutia Rios HT, Lira Lira AE, Lee SA. Assessment of Obsessive Thoughts About COVID-19 in 7 Latin American Countries: Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsession With COVID-19 Scale. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231210148. [PMID: 37883293 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231210148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) among seven Latin American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Although the OCS has been used in several countries and languages, there is a need for approaches that better integrate the cross-cultural equivalence of the scale. A total of 3185 people participated in the study. The results indicated the presence of a unidimensional structure and good reliability indices for the OCS in each country. The alignment method indicated that the OCS is an invariant measure of COVID-19 obsession among the populations of seven Latin American countries. The findings based on IRT analysis indicated that all OCS items had adequate discrimination and difficulty parameters. The findings contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the scale in different countries at the same time, something that has been pending evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Pablo D Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlanepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicol Oré-Kovacs
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Psicologia. Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud y Del Comportamiento. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ciencias Del Comportamiento (LICIC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Torales
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Pedronel González
- Universidad Jesús de Nazareth, Honduras
- Asociación Hondueña de Intervención en Crisis y Salud Mental, Honduras
| | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Raymundo Calderón
- Colegio Estatal de Psicólogos en Intervención de Jalisco A.C. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Daniela Ferrufino-Borja
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Agueda Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia
- Vicerrectorado de investigación, Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Del Valle de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | | | - Ibeth Vergara
- Asociación Panameña de Psicólogos, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Diego Vega
- Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Marion K Shulmeyer
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Sherman A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
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Li Z, Wang F, Sun Y. The Relationship Between Fear and Anxiety Among Chinese Uninfected Residents During the Pandemic: A Conditional Process Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4095-4104. [PMID: 37822576 PMCID: PMC10562509 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s420047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the relationship between residents' COVID-19 fear and anxiety, consider whether this relationship is mediated through obsessions and the moderating role of self-efficacy on this mediating pathway. Methods This study used an online questionnaire to obtain and assess fear, obsession, anxiety and self-efficacy in 1589 Chinese COVID-19 uninfected residents. A conditional process model was used to examine the relationships between variables. Results Higher levels of fear were positively associated with obsession and anxiety. In addition, obsession was positively associated with anxiety, while self-efficacy attenuated the effect of fear on obsession and further mitigated the indirect effect of fear on anxiety through obsession. Conclusion During the COVID-19 outbreak, uninfected residents suffered varying degrees of psychological distress. COVID-19 fear may have an effect on anxiety in COVID survivors through obsession, and self-efficacy as a protective factor for individual mental health partially attenuates the effect of COVID-19 fear on obsession and the indirect effect of fear on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Li
- College of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- College of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Psychological Institute and Network Aging Research, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Kim JH, Chung S. Validation of the Korean version of the Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale and its relationship with COVID-related hypochondriasis among healthcare workers who witnessed patient deaths. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3203. [PMID: 37667549 PMCID: PMC10570490 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) among healthcare workers who witnessed patient deaths. We also examined whether grief rumination may impact the cognitive-behavioral model of hypochondriasis. METHODS This study was conducted via an anonymous online survey targeting healthcare workers who had worked at a tertiary hospital and had witnessed patient deaths over the previous 2 years. Demographic data and responses to the UGRS, the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) for healthcare workers, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), and the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS) were collected by requesting participants to recall their emotional state during the 2 weeks after witnessing a patient's death. RESULTS The Korean version of the UGRS is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.941) and valid (comparative fit index = 0.920, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.900, root-mean-square-error of approximation = 0.102, standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.050) for measuring grief rumination in healthcare workers. The OCS was predicted by CRBS (β = 0.19, p < 0.001), SAVE-9 (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), UGRS (β = 0.16, p = 0.010), and PGS (β = 0.16, p = 0.010, adjusted R2 = 0.49, F = 52.9, p < 0.001). In mediation analysis, grief rumination directly influenced coronavirus preoccupation; the relationship was mediated by viral anxiety and coronavirus reassurance-seeking behavior. CONCLUSION Grief rumination of healthcare workers who witnessed patient death requires further exploration as it may influence hypochondriacal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hye Kim
- Department of Clinical NursingUniversity of UlsanSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, ASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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Cho E, Hong J, Kim H, Park CHK, Hong Y, Park J, Jun JY, Chung S. Influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Preoccupation With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Frontline Nursing Professionals: Mediating Role of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior and Adherence to Physical Distancing. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e282. [PMID: 37698207 PMCID: PMC10497351 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between preoccupation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reassurance-seeking behavior, viral anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and adherence to physical distancing among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 inpatient wards. Additionally, the study aimed to determine whether the commitment to physical distancing mediates the influence of intolerance of uncertainty on viral anxiety. METHODS Frontline healthcare professionals working in the COVID-19 inpatient wards at three tertiary-level affiliated hospitals in Korea were surveyed between April 7 and 26, 2022. The survey included scales-such as the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 and a questionnaire on adherence to physical distancing. A total of 256 responses were analyzed after excluding inappropriate or incomplete responses. RESULTS Pearson's correlation analysis found that age was significantly associated with the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (r = -0.12, P < 0.05) and adherence to physical distancing (r = 0.27, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis ascertained that age (β = -0.07, P = 0.002), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (β = 0.35, P < 0.001), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (β = 0.24, P < 0.001) were predictors of obsession with COVID-19 (Adjusted R² = 0.60, F = 78.1, P < 0.001). The indirect pathway by mediation analysis showed that reassurance-seeking and viral anxiety mediated the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the preoccupation with COVID-19. CONCLUSION During the pandemic, there may be a strong association between reassurance-seeking behavior, viral anxiety, and a heightened preoccupation with COVID-19 among frontline healthcare workers. Thus, from the early stages of infectious disease, a psychological support team for medical staff responding to the disease should be established, and periodic evaluations should be conducted to identify high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulah Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Hong
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harin Kim
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youjin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chung S, Lee HS, Jang S, Shin YW, Kim JH, Jun JY. Pandemic Grief Reaction and Intolerance of Uncertainty on the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of COVID-Related Hypochondriasis Among Firefighters. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:826-833. [PMID: 37794664 PMCID: PMC10555506 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the feasibility of cognitive-behavioral model hypochondriasis regarding coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among firefighters. In addition, we examined the possible role of their grief reaction and intolerance of uncertainty in the model of COVID-related hypochondriasis. METHODS An anonymous online survey was done on October 27-28, 2022, among firefighters who witnessed people's death. Demographic characteristics were collected, and their psychological states were assessed using rating scales such as the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12). RESULTS Their OCS score was expected by the CRBS (β=0.30, p<0.001), FCV-19S (β=0.10, p<0.001), PGS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and IUS12 (β=0.04, p=0.024) (F=134.5, p<0.001). The COVID-related cognitive-behavioral model of hypochondriasis was feasible among firefighters who witnessed people's death. Their pandemic grief reaction and intolerance of uncertainty directly influenced their preoccupation with coronavirus, and viral anxiety and coronavirus reassurance-seeking behavior mediated the relationship. CONCLUSION Firefighters' viral anxiety and coronavirus reassurance-seeking behavior mediated the influence of pandemic grief reaction or intolerance of uncertainty on the preoccupation with coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU (Seoul National University) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Chen S, Lan X, Yu H. A social network analysis: mental health scales used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199906. [PMID: 37706038 PMCID: PMC10495585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The focus on psychological issues during COVID-19 has led to the development of large surveys that involve the use of mental health scales. Numerous mental health measurements are available; choosing the appropriate measurement is crucial. Methods A rule-based named entity recognition was used to recognize entities of mental health scales that occur in the articles from PubMed. The co-occurrence networks of mental health scales and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were constructed by Gephi. Results Five types of MeSH terms were filtered, including research objects, research topics, research methods, countries/regions, and factors. Seventy-eight mental health scales were discovered. Discussion The findings provide insights on the scales used most often during the pandemic, the key instruments used to measure healthcare workers' physical and mental health, the scales most often utilized for assessing maternal mental health, the tools used most commonly for assessing older adults' psychological resilience and loneliness, and new COVID-19 mental health scales. Future studies may use these findings as a guiding reference and compass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Lan
- Department of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Makino T, Ide S, Shiino T, Hiraoka D, Ishibashi S, Suzuki F, Nishitani S. Validity and reliability of the Japanese versions of the coronavirus anxiety scale for adolescents and obsession with COVID-19 scale for adolescents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15710. [PMID: 37576515 PMCID: PMC10422950 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused mental health issues in both adults and adolescents. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) questionnaires measure anxiety and persistent and disturbed thoughts (also known as obsessions) related to COVID-19. We developed Japanese versions of the CAS (i.e., CAS-JA) and OCS (i.e., OCS-JA) questionnaires to make them suitable for adolescents and validated the characteristics of these scales. Methods Two online surveys were administered to high school students aged 15-18 years. A total of 263 students participated in the first survey and almost half of them participated in the second survey. In the first survey, participants responded to the CAS-JA, OCS-JA, generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive subscales of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and Kessler 6 Scale (K6). The SCAS and K6 were used to verify discriminant validity and inter-scale correlations. In the second survey, the participants completed the CAS-JA and OCS-JA again to verify test-retest reliability. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis and calculated the model fit indices. Additionally, we examined the internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and inter-item correlations of the CAS-JA and OCS-JA. Moreover, differences in CAS-JA and OCS-JA responses by gender and region of residence (state of emergency and non-emergency areas) were examined. Results The results of the single-factor model confirmatory factor analysis of model fit indices were above the threshold. The required criteria for internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and discriminant and convergent validity were met in both the CAS-JA and OCS-JA. No statistically significant differences attributed to residence and gender were found in both questionnaires. Conclusions The results indicate that the CAS-JA and OCS-JA questionnaires are useful in measuring COVID-19-related anxiety, and persistent and disturbed thoughts in Japanese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Makino
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sohei Ide
- New Institute of SocioInfonomics, Tama University, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Kobe Shinwa University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daiki Hiraoka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suzuki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shota Nishitani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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11
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Zhang D, Wang C, Yuan T, Li X, Yang L, Huang A, Li J, Liu M, Lei Y, Sun L, Zhang J, Zhang L. Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale based on Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) models among Chinese front-line healthcare workers. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:224. [PMID: 37550697 PMCID: PMC10405510 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2022, the COVID-19 epidemic has rebounded widely and frequently in China. Healthcare workers have faced grand challenges such as soaring COVID-19 patients, being busy with the nucleic acid screening of all the populations in the epidemic areas every day, and testing positive for COVID-19, all of which contributed to anxiety easily according to the Conservation of Resources theory. However, anxiety among healthcare workers is not only associated with personal health but also adversely affects the quality of health services. Therefore, it is crucial to search for suitable tools to monitor the anxiety related to COVID-19 among healthcare workers. The current study aimed to test the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Chinese healthcare workers. METHODS The current study employed a cross-sectional design. The CAS was translated into Chinese. Then, according to Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) models, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version were measured among 811 healthcare workers. RESULTS The split-half reliability was 0.855. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.895. The retest coefficient was 0.901 with 10 days as the retest interval. The content validity index was 0.920. In exploratory factor analysis, one common factor was extracted and explained 72.559% of the total variance. All item load values on the common factor ranged from 0.790 to 0.885, and the communality of each item ranged from 0.625 to 0.784. With confirmatory factor analysis, the single factor model showed an excellent goodness-of-fit, chi-square/degree of freedom (χ2/df) = 3.339, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.992, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.975, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.054, root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.005, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.967, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.932, and comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.966. The multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed the invariance measuring anxiety of COVID-19 was in similar ways across ages, hospital degrees, and professional titles. With convergent validity, the CAS was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder (r = 0.619, P < 0.001), fear of COVID (r = 0.550, P < 0.001), and depression (r = 0.367, P < 0.001). According to IRT models, the results showed that all item discrimination parameters were higher than 1.70 and difficulty parameters ranged from 1.13 to 2.83. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of CAS has good psychometric properties in healthcare workers after China adjusted the COVID-19 management measures during the COVID-19 Omicron epidemic, and can be used for assessing the anxiety associated with COVID-19 in Chinese healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Anle Huang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Nursing Department, the People's Hospital of Yingshang, 566 Ganluo Road, Chengbei New District, Yingshang County, Anhui Province, Fuyang, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Anhui Province, Wuhu City, P.R. China.
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Burak D. Psychometric properties of pandemic awareness scale for students aged 8-12: The case of COVID-19. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 149:106944. [PMID: 37009303 PMCID: PMC10039782 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to show awareness in order to reduce the health risks posed by pandemics. In Turkey, primary and secondary schools, which were kept closed until September 2021 due to COVID-19, were reopened and students were expected to show awareness to avoid contamination. Therefore, it became even more important to reveal the awareness level of these students. In this study, it was aimed to develop a tool that could measure the awareness of the pandemic in general, and the awareness of COVID-19 in particular, of 8-12 year-old students. For this purpose, the data of the study were obtained during the period when primary and secondary schools in Turkey started face-to-face education (15 September 2021-15 October 2021). The data of the study were gathered from 466 primary (3rd and 4th grades) and secondary school (5th, 6th and 7th grades) students studying in different cities (13 cities) of Turkey, districts and villages of these city centers. The data were randomly divided into two equal data sets. Parallel and exploratory factor analysis were performed with the first data set. As a result of analysis, a single factor model with 12-item was obtained that explained approximately 44% of the variances. This model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis using the second data set. As a result of the tests, it was found that the model fitted well (RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.050, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91 and GFI = 0.93) and a tool Pandemic Awareness Scale (PAS) was reached. In addition, it was seen that the scale showed measurement invariance in terms of gender, and partial measurement invariance according to school type. It was found that the reliability of the scores obtained from the scale was high. With this scale, COVID-19 awareness of students aged 8-12 could be measured, as well as the awareness of the same age group in pandemics with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Burak
- Kilis 7 Aralik University, Faculty of Education, Department of Elementary Education, No: 134, Kilis 79100, Turkey
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13
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Lo HKY, Wong GHS, Chan JKN, Wong CSM, Lei JHC, So YK, Fung VSC, Chu RST, Chung AKK, Lee KCK, Cheng CPW, Chan WC, Chang WC. COVID-19 perseverative cognition and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: The moderating role of resilience, loneliness and coping strategies. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00699-7. [PMID: 37230268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased depression prevalence in general population. However, the relationship between persistent dysfunctional thinking associated with COVID-19 (perseverative-cognition) and depression, and its potential moderators are understudied. We aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 perseverative-cognition and depression, and the moderating effect of potential risk and protective factors on this association in general public during the peak of fifth COVID-19 wave in Hong Kong. METHODS This survey recruited 14,269 community-dwelling adults between March 15-April 3, 2022 to investigate association between COVID-19 perseverative-cognition and depression, and the moderating effect of resilience, loneliness and three coping strategies (including emotion-focused, problem-focused and avoidant coping) on this association, using hierarchical regression models and simple slope analyses. COVID-19 perseverative cognition was assessed by the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) and depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS Perseverative-cognition was positively associated with depression severity. Resilience, loneliness and three coping strategies moderated the association between perseverative-cognition and depression. Specifically, greater resilience and emotion-focused coping ameliorated the association between perseverative-cognition and depression, while higher levels of loneliness, avoidant and problem-focused coping accentuated such association. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design precluded establishing causality among variables. CONCLUSION This study affirms that COVID-19 perseverative-cognition is significantly related to depression. Our findings indicate the potential critical role of enhanced personal resilience and social support, and adoption of emotion-focused coping in mitigating negative effect of COVID-19 related maladaptive thinking on depression severity, thereby facilitating development of targeted strategies to reduce psychological distress amidst the prolonged pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ka Ying Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gabbie Hou Sem Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joe Kwun Nam Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Corine Sau Man Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Janet Hiu Ching Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Kiu So
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Shi Cheng Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan Sai Ting Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Kar Kin Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Krystal Chi Kei Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Calvin Pak Wing Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Lee SA. Mass Shootings Anxiety Scale: A preliminary psychometric study. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:207-218. [PMID: 37219958 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2214889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass shootings have caused many to feel anxious and afraid of this seemingly common event. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the properties of the Mass Shootings Anxiety Scale (MSAS), which is a five-item scale that was based on 759 adults. The MSAS demonstrated solid reliability (α and ω of 0.93), factorial validity (PCA and CFA support), and convergent validity (e.g., correlations with functional impairment and drug/alcohol coping). The MSAS also measures anxiety equivalently across gender, political orientation, and gun violence exposure groups. The MSAS not only discriminates well between persons with and without dysfunctional anxiety, using a cut score of ≥10 (92% sensitivity and 89% specificity), but also demonstrates incremental validity by explaining 5% to 16% additional variance in important outcomes beyond sociodemographics and posttraumatic stress. These preliminary results support the MSAS as a valid screening tool for clinical practice and scholarly inquiry.
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Delaney K, Dietrich MS, Corte C, Akard TF, Piano MR. Hazardous alcohol use, drinking motives and COVID-19-related anxiety in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37052579 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2198022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of anxiety and drinking motives with hazardous and binge alcohol use among young adults. PARTICIPANTS We recruited young adults (N = 182, mean age 25) between November 2020 and December 2020. METHODS Linear regressions were used to evaluate relationships among hazardous alcohol use (US Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C [USAUDIT-C]), binge drinking (Alcohol Intake Questionnaire [AIQ]), PROMIS-Anxiety, COVID-19 related anxiety (CAS), and the drinking to cope with depression and anxiety subscales of the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire. RESULTS Sixty-two percent of participants reported hazardous drinking (USAUDIT-C score > 4). PROMIS Anxiety and CAS scores were 63.7 and 1.0, respectively. Scores were positively associated with drinking patterns. However, the drinking to cope with depression motive significantly mediated these associations. CONCLUSIONS After the onset of the pandemic, hazardous and binge drinking patterns among young adults were associated with drinking to cope with depression rather than anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Delaney
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary S Dietrich
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Collen Corte
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Terrah Foster Akard
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mariann R Piano
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Yoon IJ, Lee SJ. Health Literacy and Anxiety Among Hemodialysis Patients During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1051-1061. [PMID: 37038599 PMCID: PMC10082572 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic can cause psychological distress, and hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease may be particularly vulnerable. The aim of this study is to investigate anxiety levels among patients undergoing hemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the relationship between health literacy and anxiety. Methods This study recruited 149 hemodialysis patients from two hospitals between July 16th and July 31st, 2021. Patient data were collected using questionnaires on general characteristics, health literacy, generalized anxiety, and coronavirus disease-related anxiety. We used the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and the Korean version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale to evaluate the anxiety symptoms of the patients. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Walli's test and Spearman's rank correlation. Results The results showed that health literacy increased with decreasing age and increasing educational level among patients who source health information from the internet and among patients without comorbidities. Patients with comorbidities showed high levels of general anxiety. Patients who search for health information for ≥1 hour had high levels of coronavirus disease-related anxiety. Both CAS and GAD showed a significant negative correlation with the sub-domains of health literacy, except for critical health literacy. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the need for a follow-up study on whether health literacy programs will reduce the anxiety levels of patients undergoing hemodialysis during infectious disease outbreaks. In addition, provision of social support for patients with comorbidity is essential for reducing their anxiety levels during disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ju Yoon
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, Hallym University, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Lee
- School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Correspondence: Su Jung Lee, Tel +82-33-248-2722, Fax +82-33-248-2734, Email
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17
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Chung SK, Kim J, Bhandari P. Factors Related to Clinical Competence among Graduating Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Korean Acad Nurs 2023; 53:145-154. [PMID: 37164343 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.22087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated clinical competency, COVID-19-related anxiety, coping strategies, self-efficacy, and perceived stress among graduating nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited from universities located in four major cities in South Korea. General demographic information, clinical competency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and coping strategies were assessed using reliable questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean clinical competency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, adaptive coping, and maladaptive coping were 138.16 ± 18.34, 83.85 ±14.02, 21.37 ± 5.79, 53.15 ± 4.64, and 30.98 ± 6.73, respectively. COVID-19-related anxiety was reported by 4.3% of participants. Clinical competency was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = .44, p < .001) and adaptive coping (r = .20, p = .035) and was significantly negatively correlated with maladaptive coping (r = .20, p = .035). The predictors of clinical competency were self-efficacy (β = .434, p < .001) and adaptive coping (β = .173, p < .039), which explained 23% of the variance in clinical competency. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy and adaptive coping strategies are significant predictors of clinical competence during the pandemic. Planning and implementing various curricular and non-curricular activities to increase senior students' self-efficacy and adaptive coping strategies will help prepare competent nursing graduates for the pandemic when they enter the nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinsook Kim
- Department of Nursing, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea
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18
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Lobos-Rivera ME, Flores-Monterrosa AN, Tejada-Rodríguez JC, Chacón-Andrade ER, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Lee SA, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vilca LW, Reyes-Bossio M, Gallegos M. Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:9. [PMID: 36988703 PMCID: PMC10050804 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans (M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety (p = .003), depression (p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession (p = .032) were significant (χ2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R2 = .242) and predict a 24.2% chance of dysfunctional bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo D Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Alshomrani A. Arabic language version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale adaptation and validity evaluation in Saudi sample. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023; 59:43. [PMID: 37009466 PMCID: PMC10047459 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The obsession with COVID-19 scale is a reliable and validated scale developed to assess obsessions related to coronavirus infection (COVID-2019) and because of its usefulness, this paper is aiming to develop an Arabic version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale and evaluate its validity. Firstly, scale translated to Arabic through the guidelines of Sousa and Rojjanasriratw for scale translation and adaptation. Then we distributed the final version with some sociodemographic questions and an Arabic version of the COVID-19 fear scale to a convenient sample of college students. Internal consistency, factor analysis, average variable extraction, composite reliability, Pearson correlation, and mean differences has been measured.
Results
Out of 253 students, 233 responded to the survey, where 44.6% of them were female. Calculated Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82, item-total correlations were 0.891–0.905, and inter-item correlations were 0.722–0.805. Factor analysis identified one factor which reflects 80.76% of the cumulative variances. The average variance extracted was 0.80, and the composite reliability was 0.95. The correlation coefficient between the two scales was 0.472.
Conclusions
The Arabic version of obsession with COVID-19 scale has high values of internal consistency, and convergent validity, and has a unidimensional factor that reflects its reliability and validity.
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Durak Batıgün A, Şenkal Ertürk İ. COVID-19 associated psychological symptoms in Turkish population: A path model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:2436-2447. [PMID: 34230790 PMCID: PMC8247107 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mediator roles of risk factors (intolerance of uncertainty, negative metacognition, and negative prospections) and protective factors (positive prospections and psychological resilience) together on the link between COVID-19-related feelings and behaviors, thoughts, and precautions taken and psychological symptoms with an integrative approach in Turkey. The online sample consisted of Turkish adults. The results of path analyses indicated that feelings and behaviors related to COVID-19, thoughts about COVID-19, and precautions taken related to COVID-19 are significantly associated with intolerance of uncertainty. Intolerance of uncertainty is significantly associated with negative metacognition, negative and positive prospections, psychological symptoms, and psychological resilience. Negative metacognition, negative and positive prospections, and psychological resilience are significantly associated with psychological symptoms. Mediation analysis demonstrated that intolerance of uncertainty significantly mediated the relationship between feelings and behaviors related to COVID-19, thoughts about COVID-19, and precautions taken related to COVID-19 and negative metacognition, psychological resilience, positive and negative prospections, and psychological symptoms. Lastly, negative metacognition, psychological resilience, positive and negative prospections significantly mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological symptoms. Implications for mental health providers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Durak Batıgün
- Faculty of Languages History and Geography, Department of Psychology, Ankara University, PC: 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
| | - İpek Şenkal Ertürk
- Faculty of Languages History and Geography, Department of Psychology, Ankara University, PC: 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
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Tantirattanakulchai P, Hounnaklang N, Pongsachareonnont PF, Khambhiphant B, Hounnaklang S, Win N, Tepjan S. Impact of COVID-19 on Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Low Vision and Blindness. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:789-796. [PMID: 36919032 PMCID: PMC10008418 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s401714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disability is globally recognized as a key cause of depression. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the vulnerability of patients with low vision to health and health-related issues, especially mental health. This study aimed to examine the association between the impact of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms in patients with low vision and blindness. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and July 2022 and involved face-to-face interviews. Patients with low vision and blindness diagnosed with depression were excluded. The following items were included in the questionnaire: sociodemographic information, Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the impact of COVID-19, and The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between the impact of COVID-19 and depression. Results The prevalence of depression among patients with low vision and blindness was 43.0%. Three factors were associated with depressive symptoms: compliance with COVID-19 prevention strategies (β = 0.16, p<0.01), anxiety during COVID-19 (β = 0.24, p<0.001), and social support (β = -0.16, p<0.01). Conclusion The findings indicated that COVID-19 significantly increased depressive symptoms among patients with low vision and blindness. The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been considered critical and emergent public health issues. Stakeholders, particularly public health organizations, need to urgently implement preventive and protective measures to help patients with physical and mental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pear Ferreira Pongsachareonnont
- Center of Excellence in Retina, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bharkbhum Khambhiphant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nanda Win
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Hajek A, König HH. Prevalence and correlates of coronavirus anxiety in Germany: Results of a nationally representative survey. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:287-295. [PMID: 35412446 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2059722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the prevalence and correlates of coronavirus anxiety in the nationally representative adult population in Germany (N = 3,075) via an online survey conducted in August/September 2021. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to quantify coronavirus anxiety. In sum, 71.2% of the respondents did not report coronavirus anxiety at all (i.e., a score of zero). The average score for coronavirus anxiety was 1.3 (SD: 2.9, ranging from 0 to 20). Several correlates were identified via two-part models. Knowledge about the correlates of coronavirus anxiety may assist in providing targeted support to individuals at risk of high anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Manrique-Millones D, García-Serna J, Castillo-Blanco R, Fernández-Ríos N, Lizarzaburu-Aguinaga DA, Parihuamán-Quinde GR, Villarreal-Zegarra D. When COVID-19 strikes mental health: a measurement analysis of reassurance seeking behavior scale in Peruvian population. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132804. [PMID: 37138976 PMCID: PMC10151000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overstated. To combat its dire consequences, some screening measures have been hastily developed and require robust verification to explore their adequacy across different groups. The present research study aimed to analyze measurement invariance by sociodemographic characteristics of the Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behavior Scale (CRSB) in Peruvian adults. Methods A total of 661 participants completed The Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behavior Scale (CRSB), the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and sociodemographic information a subgroup filled in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Reliability and measurement invariance across sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. Likewise, associations with depression and dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety were examined. Results Results showed that the single factor structure of the CRSB with correlated errors fitted the data adequately and the instrument was invariant across gender, age, and loss of a significant relative to COVID-19. In addition, significant associations with depressive symptoms and dysfunctional anxiety were found. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that the Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behaviors Scale is invariant across different sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- *Correspondence: Denisse Manrique-Millones,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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24
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Kartol A, Söner O. Adaptation of the Turkish version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale (TR-OCS): its association with psychological distress and resilience. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2022; 35:38. [PMID: 36538107 PMCID: PMC9764313 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the physical and mental health of individuals. Measures required to prevent the spread of the virus, such as isolation, hygiene, mask use, and lockdown, led individuals to develop obsessive thoughts and behaviors. This study aims to adapt the obsession with COVID-19 scale (OCS) to Turkish culture. This four-item scale aims at measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19. The study group consisted of 870 participants from seven regions of Turkey. Data from different groups were collected for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Data for the exploratory factor analysis were collected from 296 (71.5%) females and 118 (28.5%) males (n = 414). For the confirmatory factor analysis, data were collected from 301 (66.0%) females and 155 (34.0%) males (n = 456). As a result of the analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the TR-OCS was confirmed in the Turkish sample. It was revealed that TR-OCS scores had a positive relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress but a negative relationship with resilience. The findings confirmed that the TR-OCS was valid and reliable. This scale is a short and effective tool for measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Kartol
- grid.411549.c0000000107049315Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Osman Söner
- grid.34538.390000 0001 2182 4517Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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25
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Cho E, Lee D, Cho IK, Lee J, Ahn J, Bang YR. Insomnia Mediate the Influence of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior and Viral Anxiety on Preoccupation With COVID-19 Among the General Population. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2022.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective We explored in this study whether insomnia, viral anxiety, reassurance- seeking behavior, and preoccupation with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are related among the general population. As well, we explored the possibility that insomnia may mediate the association between COVID-19 viral anxiety and preoccupation.Methods During November 9–15, 2021, 400 participants voluntarily completed this survey, and participants’ age, sex, living location, and marital status were collected. Responses to questions about COVID-19 were also gathered, and their symptoms were rated using the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).Results Preoccupation with COVID-19 was predicted by young age (β = -0.08, p = 0.012), CRBS (β = 0.52, p < 0.001), FCV-19S (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and ISI (β = 0.07, p = 0.029) (adjusted R2 = 0.62, F = 163.6, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that insomnia partially mediates the influence of reassurance seeking behavior and viral anxiety on preoccupation with COVID-19.Conclusions Sleep disturbances can contribute to a vicious cycle of hypochondriacal preoccupation with COVID-19. In order to reduce an individual’s viral anxiety, insomnia symptoms must be addressed.
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26
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Xia L, Lian Q, Yang H, Wu D. The adaption of the Chinese version of the COVID Stress Scales as a screening instrument of stress: Psychometric properties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:962304. [PMID: 36062123 PMCID: PMC9429793 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.962304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) was used to access related distress concerning Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on China's epidemic prevention and control policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, the adaption of the Chinese version of the CSS was developed. Our study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Chinese adapted version of the CSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was employed to construct a national sample of 2,116 participants in Chinese mainland. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity. The results demonstrated that the six-factor solution for the Chinese adaptation of the CSS proved a good fit with the data after comparing the factor structure with the five-factor model. The six-factor model had good reliability and supported good convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the CSS Chinese adaption. Overall, our findings supported the Chinese adapted version of the CSS as a psychometrically sound measure of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoping Lian
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China
| | - Daxing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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27
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Kim C, Ahmed O, Silva WAD, Park CHK, Yoo S, Chung S. Applicability and Psychometric Comparison of the General-Population Viral Anxiety Rating Scales among Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9946. [PMID: 36011584 PMCID: PMC9407985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the reliability and validity of viral anxiety rating scales (developed for the general population) among healthcare workers. In addition, we compared the psychometric properties of rating scales in accordance with the Generalized Anxiety Scale-7 items (GAD-7) during this COVID-19 pandemic. The viral anxiety of 330 healthcare workers was measured with Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 items (SAVE-9), SAVE-6, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS-7). Factor analyses, item response theory, and Rasch model analyses were conducted to confirm the construct validities of the scales and compare the psychometric properties of rating scales. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis examined the cutoff scores of rating scales in accordance with a mild degree of generalized anxiety. The SAVE-9, SAVE-6, CAS, FCV-19S, and CAS-7 scales showed good reliability of internal consistency among healthcare workers. Their construct validity and convergent validity of each scale were similarly good. Furthermore, in comparing the psychometric properties of rating scales, we observed that the CAS scale was the most discriminating and difficult among the scales. The CAS and FCV-19S provided more information and were more efficient than the SAVE-9, SAVE-6, and CAS-7 scales when they were used to measure healthcare workers' viral anxiety. Viral anxiety rating scales can be applied to healthcare workers with good reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changnam Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Changwon 06351, Korea
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
- National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | | | - C. Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soyoung Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Moreta-Herrera R, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Salinas A, Jiménez-Borja M, Gavilanes-Gómez D, Jiménez-Mosquera CJ. Factorial Validity, Reliability, Measurement Invariance and the Graded Response Model for the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale in a Sample of Ecuadorians. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221116515. [PMID: 35850602 PMCID: PMC9297068 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the research are to evaluate the factorial validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, discrimination, and difficulty of the Covid-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) applied to a sample of Ecuadorian adults (N = 451). The study is based on an instrumental design with Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) technics. The results confirmed the validity of the CAS single-factor structure, with measurement invariance across gender and high internal consistency. Additionally, all CAS items displayed adequate discrimination indexes and proper ordering of the difficulty thresholds. In a conclusion, the CAS is a valid measurement scale for Ecuadorian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato, Ecuador
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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29
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Kim ST, Seo JH, Lee S, Jeon S, Park CI, Kim SJ, Kang JI. Dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety in nonpsychotic psychiatric outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:556-563. [PMID: 35344625 PMCID: PMC9087144 DOI: 10.1002/da.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of people worldwide. This study examined dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety in nonpsychotic psychiatric outpatients during the pandemic using the coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) and examined the relationship between coronavirus anxiety and clinical symptoms using network analysis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 192 patients who first visited the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Severance Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic with chief complaints of depressed mood, anxiety, somatic symptoms, or insomnia were included. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with and without dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety. Network analysis was conducted to estimate the network of coronavirus anxiety and depressive, anxious, and hypochondriacal psychopathology. RESULTS The results showed that 7.8% of patients exhibited dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety (CAS ≥ 5). Patients with dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety showed higher levels of health worry, somatic preoccupation, and subjective anxiety compared to patients without dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety. In the network analysis, the health worry node (Item 6 of the WI) showed the greatest number of connections with coronavirus anxiety nodes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that health worry may be an important bridge symptom that connects coronavirus anxiety and other clinical psychopathology. Patients with elevated health worries should be carefully monitored during the COVID-19 pandemic for exacerbation of previous symptoms and COVID-19-related psychopathology. Understanding the psychological factors in the face of the pandemic and their relationships with clinical psychiatric symptoms would help people prevent and overcome mental health problems during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Tae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Seo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumoa Jeon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Lee J, Cho IK, Lee D, Kim K, Ahn MH, Chung S. Mediating Effects of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior or Obsession With COVID-19 on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Viral Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e157. [PMID: 35638193 PMCID: PMC9151989 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores whether the intolerance of uncertainty among healthcare workers prompts viral anxiety, and whether this association is mediated by their reassurance-seeking behavior and preoccupation with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. METHODS An online survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Asan Medical Center, on November 29, 2021. Demographic characteristics and responses to items from rating scales were collected, including Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9, Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty-12 (IUS-12). RESULTS Among the 329 participants, viral anxiety of healthcare workers was predicted by being female (β = 0.14, P = 0.002), CRBS (β = 0.30, P < 0.001), OCS (β = 0.32, P < 0.001), and IUS-12 (β = 0.15, P = 0.002) scores (adjusted R² = 0.43, F = 31.1, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that the intolerance of uncertainty directly influenced viral anxiety, and reassurance-seeking behavior and obsession with COVID-19 partially mediated the association. CONCLUSION The intolerance of uncertainty among healthcare workers directly influenced their viral anxiety, and reassurance-seeking behavior and obsession with COVID-19 mediated this association in this era of "living with coronavirus" in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyumin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Ahn
- Division of Psychiatry, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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31
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Ishibashi S, Ide S, Suzuki F, Teo A, Nagata T, Kosaka H. Development of the Japanese version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:124-125. [PMID: 35043511 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Ishibashi
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga-city, Japan.,University of Fukui Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yoshida-gun, Japan
| | - Sohei Ide
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suzuki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Japan
| | - Alan Teo
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui Hospital, Yoshida-gun, Japan
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32
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Mendoza NB, Frondozo CE, Dizon JIWT, Buenconsejo JU. The factor structure and measurement invariance of the PHQ-4 and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in a Southeast Asian context amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35250246 PMCID: PMC8887801 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) as an ultra-brief screener of depression and anxiety in the Philippines during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data from 4,524 non-clinical community respondents aged 18-73 years old was collected online between March and July 2020. We evaluated the screener's factor structure, measurement invariance, and criterion-related validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup CFA, and structural equation modeling (SEM), respectively. We also evaluated the accuracy of the PHQ-4 cut-off scores by comparing the them with the screeners' full scales (i.e., PHQ-9 and GAD-7). Using the cutoff scores of the screeners, we also estimated the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety. The PHQ-4 has good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.82). The CFA results show that the two-factor model has an excellent model fit that is superior to the one-factor model. The two-factor model held through increasingly constrained multigroup CFA models across gender, age, and geographical location groups, demonstrating measurement invariance. The SEM model supported the PHQ-4's theoretical association to stress, negative affect, and positive affect, supporting the screener's criterion-related validity. In estimating prevalence rates, among those screened by the PHQ-4 cut-off scores for depression (n = 1,905, 42.11%) and anxiety (n = 1,853, 40.96%), 81.78% and 94.06% were consequently screened by the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively. This study supports the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the PHQ-4 as an ultra-brief screener of depression and anxiety in a large community sample in Southeast Asia. The inclusion of ultra-brief screeners in COVID-19-related studies and other human disasters, especially among non-clinical samples in low- and middle-income countries, is relevant for the sustainable evaluation and monitoring of the severity mental health symptoms leading to timely and effective mental health service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman B. Mendoza
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Cherry E. Frondozo
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - John Ian Wilzon T. Dizon
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Jet U. Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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33
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Validation and Factorial Invariance of the Life Skills Ability Scale in Mexican Higher Education Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate the Life Skills Ability Scale through internal consistency and construct validity in the context of higher education in Mexico. In study 1, the reliability and factor structure of the scale were evaluated with a sample of 525 higher education students (Mage = 19.94 years, SD = 3.85). In study 2, the factor invariance of the instrument was analyzed based on sample gender, which consisted of 707 higher education students (Mage = 20.03 years, SD = 4.19). The results showed adequate reliability and construct validity with a second order model and an eight-factor structure (teamwork, goal-setting, time management, emotional skills, communication, social skills, leadership, problem-solving, and decision-making). Likewise, there was measure equivalence between men and women. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the Life Skills Ability Scale in a Mexican context is a reliable and valid instrument that allows the assessment of life skills in higher education students.
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Pekárová V, Rajčániová E, Tomšik R. Slovak Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:172-182. [PMID: 35201952 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2039812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS-SK) in a sample of adult Slovaks (N = 743). The data were collected online during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. Along with the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Well-Being Index were administered to the respondents. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis show a stable uni-dimensional structure of the CAS-SK, good reliability, and adequate convergent validity. The Item Response Theory findings suggest that all items have good discrimination parameters, all thresholds increased monotonically across the rating scale, and that the CAS-SK is more informative in individuals with a high level of coronavirus anxiety. These results suggest that the CAS-SK is a valid and reliable tool for measuring coronavirus anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pekárová
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rajčániová
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Tomšik
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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35
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Valencia PD, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D, Reyes-Bossio M, White M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Palacios DA, Moreta-Herrera R, Samaniego-Pinho A, Lobos-Rivera ME, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Tapia BP, Ferrari IF, Flores-Mendoza C. Cross-cultural validation of the new version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in twelve Latin American countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-18. [PMID: 35068911 PMCID: PMC8765828 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was recently developed to assess dysfunctional anxiety related to COVID-19. Although different studies reported that the CAS is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether it is invariant across countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS in twelve Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5196 people participated, with a mean age of 34.06 (SD = 26.54). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS across countries and gender. Additionally, the graded response model (GRM) was used to provide a global representation of the representativeness of the scale with respect to the COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety construct. The unidimensional structure of the five-item CAS was not confirmed in all countries. Therefore, it was suggested that a four-item model of the CAS (CAS-4) provides a better fit across the twelve countries and reliable scores. Multigroup CFA showed that the CAS-4 exhibits scalar invariance across all twelve countries and all genders. In addition, the CAS-4 items are more informative at average and high levels of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety than at lower levels. According to the results, the CAS-4 is an instrument with strong cross-cultural validity and is suitable for cross-cultural comparisons of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety symptoms in the general population of the twelve Latin American countries evaluated. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02563-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlanepantla de Baz, State of Mexico Mexico
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Michel White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Granma Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bismarck Pinto Tapia
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Bolivia
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Peña-Calero BN, Barboza-Palomino M, White M, Reyes-Bossio M. Measurement of coronaphobia in older adults: Validation of the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:20-27. [PMID: 34924214 PMCID: PMC8765729 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is an instrument that measures the severity of anxiety due to COVID-19 or coronaphobia. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are the most vulnerable age group; therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAS in this group. MATERIALS AND METHOD 274 Peruvian older adults participated (Mage=67.86; SD=6.34, 64.6% women). In addition to the CAS, the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) were applied. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factor structure of the CAS and Item Response Theory was used to analyze item characteristics. A sequence of hierarchical variance models was used to evaluate the measurement invariance of the CAS according to age. To assess reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) and the omega coefficient (ω) were used. The correlations between the CAS score and the scores of the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scales were calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS The results of the CFA indicated that the unidimensional model of the CAS fitted the data adequately and showed very good reliability (α and ω≥.83). Likewise, all items provided high information and adequate discrimination, which allowed for better detection of average and high levels of coronaphobia in the older adult population. However, the CAS did not show evidence of being strictly invariant between older adults aged 60-65 years and 66-86 years. The CAS showed significant correlations with anxiety (r=.72; [95%CI: .66, .87] p<.01) and depression (r=.53; [95%CI: .43, .76] p<.01). CONCLUSION The CAS in Spanish shows evidence of validity based on internal structure, convergent and divergent validity, as well as an adequate reliability estimate to assess coronaphobia in older adults. The CAS can be used to detect average and high levels of coronaphobia in the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian Norman Peña-Calero
- Grupo de Estudios Avances en Medición Psicológica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Peru
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
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Spitzenstätter D, Schnell T. The existential dimension of the pandemic: Death attitudes, personal worldview, and coronavirus anxiety. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:1031-1041. [PMID: 33357041 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1848944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey to investigate relationships between coronavirus anxiety, individual death attitudes, and personal worldview was conducted among 202 German-speaking adults in Central Europe. Results indicated that death anxiety significantly predicts coronavirus anxiety beyond sociodemographic variables. Women reported higher coronavirus anxiety than men. Against expectations, dimensions of personal worldview were hardly related to coronavirus anxiety. In contrast, we found evidence for a curvilinear relationship between religiosity as well as atheism and negative death attitudes. Our study contributes to recent discussions about death anxiety as a transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology and yields important implications for psychosocial support in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
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Kim HS, Ahn J, Lee J, Hong Y, Kim C, Park J, Chung S. The Mediating Effect of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior on the Influence of Viral Anxiety and Depression on COVID-19 Obsession Among Medical Students. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:899266. [PMID: 35770057 PMCID: PMC9234214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare workers experienced great psychological burden due to the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, medical healthcare workers experienced greater instances of insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms than the general population. This study aimed to explore the association between viral anxiety and obsession with COVID-19 among medical students with reassurance-seeking behavior as a mediator. METHODS In October 2021, an online survey was conducted among medical students at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine. The clinical characteristics of 162 participants and their responses to rating scales, including stress and anxiety to viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9), and Obsession with COVID-19 scale were collected. RESULTS Medical students' obsession with COVID-19 was based on the PHQ-9 (β = 0.15, p = 0.01), SAVE-6 (β = 0.43, p < 0.001), and CRBS (β = 0.38, p < 0.001) scores (adjusted R2 = 0.49, F = 39.9, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that medical students' viral anxiety and depression directly influenced their obsession with COVID-19, and their reassurance-seeking behavior partially mediated the effects of depression or viral anxiety on obsession with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Medical students' viral anxiety and depression may affect their obsession with COVID-19, and reassurance-seeking behaviors may mediate this. Therefore, medical students should adopt adaptive coping strategies to prevent high levels of viral anxiety and recurrent reassurance-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sub Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Junseok Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jukab Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Youjin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Changnam Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim H, Kim H, Lee HJ, Cho E, Koh SJ, Ahmed O, Chung S. The Validation Study of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Scale Among Patients With Cancer in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:811083. [PMID: 35492734 PMCID: PMC9046784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.811083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) scale among patients with cancer who are in serious situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The survey included questions on the participants' demographic information, clinical history of cancer (including cancer type, stage, current treatment or diagnosis of complete remission), and scores on rating scales, including the SAVE-6 scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results determined that the model fits the single factor structure of the SAVE-6 scale among patients with cancer. The multi-group CFA showed that SAVE-6 can measure the anxiety response in a similar way across multiple variables, such as sex, presence of clinical depression, being in a state of complete remission, or currently undergoing cancer treatment. The SAVE-6 scale showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.819) and convergent validity with the rating scales, such as CAS [r = 0.348 (95% CI, 0.273-0.419), p < 0.001] and PHQ-9 items score [r = 0.251 (95% CI, 0.172-0.328), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms SAVE-6 as a reliable and valid rating scale for measuring the anxiety response of patients with cancer during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Joo Lee
- Department of Public Medical Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eulah Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwok S, Engle J, Datta AN. Resilience of adolescents and teenagers with self-limited and genetic-generalized epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2021; 17:100520. [PMID: 34977525 PMCID: PMC8709791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There were no significant differences in anxiety and depression before and during the pandemic. Overall, there was no reported change in seizure frequency during the pandemic. On the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale, only 6% were in the dysfunctional range. A subgroup experienced pandemic-related disruptive changes. Some disruptive changes may be related to modifiable factors, such as sleep and exercise.
Introduction The study-objective was to determine the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with self-limited and genetic-generalized epilepsy. Methods Patients completed the Children’s Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2nd Edition (MASC-2) questionnaires before and during the pandemic. Via tele-visits, a pandemic-lifestyle survey and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was administered. Results Fifty subjects with a mean (SD) age of 14.44 (2.97) years and 4.85 (2.97) years of epilepsy were included. Overall, mood (62%), anxiety (61%), sleep (68%) and seizure frequency (88%) were unchanged/improved during the pandemic. There was no significant difference in pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 CDI-2 and MASC-2 total T-scores. In 24% with a worsening CDI-2 total T-score, associations included higher total OCS score (p = 0.001), poor sleep (p = 0.013) and pre-existing psychiatric history (p = 0.0450). In 28% with a worsening MASC-2 total T-score, associations included less exercise during the pandemic (p = 0.028) and lower maternal education history (p = 0.022). On OCS, 6% were in the dysfunctional range. Conclusions This cohort demonstrated emotional resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, screening is important, as a subgroup experienced disruptive changes, possibly related to modifiable factors, such as sleep and exercise. Lay summary To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with epilepsy (CWE), 50 CWE completed a pandemic-lifestyle survey. Questionnaires for anxiety and depression completed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were also compared. Overall, there was no worsening of seizures, anxiety, or depression during the pandemic. During the pandemic, 24% had more depressive symptoms (associations: poor sleep and psychiatric history) and 28% had more anxiety (associations: less exercise and lower maternal education).This cohort showed emotional resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular screening is important, as some CWE experienced disruptive changes, related to modifiable-factors, such as sleep and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kwok
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Engle
- Department of Psychology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita N Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
The five-item Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was found to be a useful and valid mental health screener. Participants in the respective surveys were mostly from single countries such as the US, Turkey, Mexico, or Brazil. However, a cross-cultural re-examination is lacking. This study fills this gap. In several multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with 25 countries from five continents as groups, sex and age as groups, and different stages of concern with COVID-19 infection, CAS was found to be invariant across all groups; this indicates that CAS is appropriate for meaningfully comparing the results across different groups. On a global basis, Coronavirus anxiety did not differ between female and male participants. Regarding age, however, younger individuals suffered more from anxiety of the pandemic. Individualistic cultures and those with low power distance such as in the Western hemisphere had higher COVID-19 anxiety. CAS values were also higher for those individuals who had been infected by COVID-19, those whose relatives had been infected, and those who experienced COVID-19-related death in the family. Overall, CAS is a parsimonious, valid, and reliable mental health screener on a global basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lieven
- Institute for Mobility, University of St. Gallen, Bahnhofstr. 8, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Chen JH, Tong KK, Su X, Yu EWY, Wu AM. Measuring COVID-19 related anxiety and obsession: Validation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale in a probability Chinese sample. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1131-1137. [PMID: 34706425 PMCID: PMC8414841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With concern over the rise in mental health symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study set out to address the absence of pandemic-specific screening tools for detecting those in Chinese societies who are at-risk for experiencing mental distress due to the pandemic; thus, its aim was to validate the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) in Chinese adults. METHODS With a two-stage cluster random sampling method, we surveyed 1011 Chinese community-dwelling adults (38.8% men; 41.2 years old on average with an SD of 15.8) in June and July of 2020. RESULTS Our psychometric evaluation results showed that the Chinese version of CAS and OCS retained their original one-dimensional structure and demonstrated measurement invariance across genders. In line with validation studies of the CAS and OCS in other languages, subsequent analyses also provided support to our Chinese version with respect to their satisfactory internal consistency (α = .87 and .73, respectively), and good concurrent validity (i.e., positive associations with negative feelings, excessive time-consumption, subjective distress, and functioning impairment). LIMITATIONS Due to constraints of time and cross-sectional design, we only validated CAS and OCS among Chinese adults and did not evaluate their test-retest reliability nor predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS Considering the practical benefits of understanding the source of mental symptoms during the pandemic, we recommend the use of CAS and OCS in Chinese communities to facilitate early identification and intervention for those who require clinical attention due to their COVID-19 related anxiety and obsessive thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Eilo Wing-yat Yu
- Department of Government and Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
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Liu C, Lee Y, Lin Y, Yang S. Factors associated with anxiety and quality of life of the Wuhan populace during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress Health 2021; 37:887-897. [PMID: 33739610 PMCID: PMC8250064 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, China, affecting the mental health and quality of life (QoL) of its inhabitants. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with anxiety and QoL in the Wuhan populace during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire survey was carried out during July 6-10, 2020. The questionnaire collected information on demography, anxiety, QoL, and social-environmental support. The main statistical methods included descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate regression analysis. In total, 226 participants were recruited. The findings showed that females, elderly, middle-income, poor health status, shortage of medical supplies, and insufficient basic commodities were associated with anxiety significantly. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social-environmental support was significantly related to anxiety. Higher social-environmental support was significantly associated with a higher QoL. Our findings showed that the social-environmental support may reduce anxiety and improve the QoL for those living in an area heavily affected by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Healthcare AdministrationCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Ya‐Chen Lee
- Department of Occupational TherapyCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Ying‐Lien Lin
- Department of Industrial and Information ManagementNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan, ROC
| | - Shang‐Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare AdministrationCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
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Vally Z, Alowais A. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: Factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Arabic Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260355. [PMID: 34818370 PMCID: PMC8612521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature reports that fear and anxiety related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be a significant factor in promoting adherence to health-protective behaviours. This study aimed to validate an Arabic version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Participants aged 18 to 58 years of age were recruited from a university population (students and staff) as well as via social media from 22 June to 18 July 2020 when the United Arab Emirates was under a partial government-instituted lockdown. They completed Arabic versions of the CAS and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. A confirmatory factor analysis produced a unidimensional structure and all items satisfactorily loaded onto this single factor (i.e., the physiological symptoms of fear and anxiety related to coronavirus). The Arabic CAS was internally consistent and concurrently valid. These preliminary findings suggest that the Arabic CAS is a valid and reliable instrument to employ in the assessment of dysfunctional anxiety related to coronavirus. The availability of this validated measure will enable the further conduct of a variety of mental health studies in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also holds clinical utility as a potential screening measure for those afflicted by anxiety symptomology during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Aisha Alowais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D, Reyes-Bossio M, White M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Palacios DA, Moreta-Herrera R, Samaniego-Pinho A, Lobos-Rivera ME, Ferrari IF, Flores-Mendoza C, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Tapia BP, Gallegos WLA. Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:763993. [PMID: 34867664 PMCID: PMC8634949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Michel White
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Educación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - Carmen Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Individual Differences Assessment, Post-Graduation Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bismarck Pinto Tapia
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Bolivia
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Tesema AK, Shitu K, Adugna A, Handebo S. Psychological impact of COVID-19 and contributing factors of students' preventive behavior based on HBM in Gondar, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258642. [PMID: 34695144 PMCID: PMC8544846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ethiopian Federal government has locked down schools as one measure to contain Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological effect of COVID-19 on students is increased due to the reopening of schools. The psychological effect of the pandemic is increasing along with physical aspect of health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychological impact of Covid-19 and its contributing factors of students' behavior in Ethiopia. METHODS A cross sectional design was conducted from November to December 2020. Data were collected using pre tested self- administered questionnaire from secondary school students in Gondar city North West Ethiopia. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 403 secondary school students. Data were entered and cleaned with Epidata version 4.62 and exported for analysis STATA version 14. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to show the association of dependent and independent variables. Independent variables in relation to dependent variable measured using odd ratios and B coefficient with 95% confidence interval for Covid-19 anxiety and preventive behavior of Covid-19 respectively were used. RESULTS A total of 370 students were participated giving response rate of 92%. The prevalence of Covid-19 anxiety and obsession among secondary school students were 38.1% and 40.27% respectively. Being 11thgrade 54% (AOR = 0.46; 95%CI:0.22, 0.95) and increased knowledge16% (AOR = 0.84;95%CI: 0.77, 0.89) score associated with decreased COVID-19 anxiety while Covid-19 obsession, 14.51 times (AOR = 14.51;95%CI: 8.05, 26.17), and being female 1.6 times (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.51) increased Covid-19 Anxiety. Furthermore, increased self-efficacy 0.5 times (B = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.62), and increased cues to action 0.4 times (B = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.69) increased preventive behavior of Covid-19 while perceived barrier 0.1 times (B = -0.1; 95%CI:-0.22, 0.01) decrease preventive behavior of Covid-19. CONCLUSION Almost two individuals of five participants developed COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 obsession. Being grade 11th and knowledge were negatively associated with anxiety while being female and being obsessed with COVID-19 were positively associated with anxiety. No variable was associated with obsession of Covid-19. Intervention is needed to reduce anxiety among females. Furthermore, perceived barrier, self-efficacy and cues to action were significant factors of preventive behaviour of Covid-19. Therefore, to increase preventive behaviour of Covid-19, information, education and communication and behavioural change communication should be targeted on reducing barriers and increasing motivations and confidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenew Kassie Tesema
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kegnie Shitu
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Adugna
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Simegnew Handebo
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Coronavirus-related anxiety and fear among South African diagnostic radiographers working in the clinical setting during the pandemic. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2021; 52:586-594. [PMID: 34649816 PMCID: PMC8486620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The current coronavirus pandemic has impacted the healthcare sector significantly. Policies and practices had to be amended to ensure maximum safety for both patients and healthcare professionals, including radiographers. This led to negative impacts on the occupational wellbeing and mental health of radiographers. Purpose The aim of this study was to fill the gap in knowledge about coronavirus-related anxiety and fear among diagnostic radiographers across South Africa in order to inform policy and practice so as to mitigate the negative influence the coronavirus pandemic conditions has on the occupational wellbeing of diagnostic radiographers working on the frontline. Methodology A quantitative, descriptive research design, using a cross-sectional approach, was employed. Two-hundred and forty-eight (n=248) South African diagnostic radiographers working in the clinical setting during the current coronavirus pandemic were recruited through social media. Data pertaining to their coronavirus-related anxiety and fear were collected through a digital questionnaire comprising three parts: demographics, coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS), and fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19S). Results Most of the participants’ coronavirus anxiety scale scores are indicative of probable dysfunctional anxiety (69.8%). The participants had higher levels of coronavirus-related fear compared to anxiety. Anxiety levels were dependent on biological sex. For all other demographic variables anxiety and fear levels were independent. Conclusion Support strategies should be implemented to mitigate the negative impacts of a pandemic such as the coronavirus pandemic on the occupational wellbeing and mental health of diagnostic radiographers. More research in this area is recommended to inform future policy and workforce development as well as practice amendments.
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Serpas DG, Ignacio DA. Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in a US college sample. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2536-2541. [PMID: 34586962 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1975178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the 5-item Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) among US undergraduates (N = 212). The CAS demonstrated adequate internal consistencies among the sample. CAS scores correlated in a theoretically consistent manner with the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. A confirmatory factor analysis of a single factor solution yielded good model fit after correlating one pair of item residual variances. Findings indicate good reliability and validity of the CAS among US undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Serpas
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Daniel A Ignacio
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
- School of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Diógenes de Medeiros E, Gregório Nascimento da Silva P, Mota Reis L, P Monteiro R, Lins de Holanda Coelho G, Lohana Cardoso Guimarães C, C Bezerra de Medeiros P. Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Brazil. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2424-2434. [PMID: 34376128 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1961175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to adapt the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Brazil, using a range of statistical techniques (e.g., factor analysis, item response theory). Two studies were conducted (Ntotal = 512). The unidimensional structure presented a good model fit and reliability, significant convergent validity, and all items presenting very high discrimination levels, adequately assessing medium and high anxiety levels. We also gathered evidence on cutoff points for detecting anxiety symptoms, reinforcing the diagnostic feasibility (for screening) of the CAS. Our findings emphasize the CAS as useful for rapid assessment and research involving COVID-19 and mental health markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Mota Reis
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Renan P Monteiro
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Ahn J, Lee J, Hong Y, Park J, Chung S. Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 for Medical Students: Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Measure for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:705805. [PMID: 34413799 PMCID: PMC8369005 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and validity of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) among medical students who are at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. A total of 212 medical students participated in the online anonymous survey that used SAVE-6, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items (GAD-7), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). We observed that the single-factor structure model of the SAVE-6 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.756) and a good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.320, p < 0.001), CAS (rho = 0.229, p < 0.001), and WSAS (rho = 0.278, p < 0.001). The appropriate cut-off score of the SAVE-6 scale was determined as 15 points in accordance with at least a mild degree of generalized anxiety (GAD-7 score of 5) among medical students. In conclusion, the SAVE-6 scale can be applied to medical students as a reliable and valid rating scale to assess anxiety response to the present viral pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jukab Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Youjin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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