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Shang W, Sun Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Yang Y, Liu Y, Gao W, Shen W, Yin D. Drug in Therapeutic Polymer: Sinomenine-Loaded Oxidation-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47552-47565. [PMID: 37768213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that frequently involves cartilage damage and the destruction of the bone structure, ultimately resulting in disability and long-term pain. It is clear that overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the complex inflammatory microenvironment are the main causes of RA pathogenesis; thereby, the efficacy of any single-drug treatment is limited. Herein, we formulated a therapeutic hyaluronic acid derivative (PAM-HA) with adsorption capacity to the subchondral bone, a long retention time within inflamed joints, and ROS-scavenging capacity, which was used as a drug carrier for realizing the controlled release of sinomenine (Sin) within arthritic joints. This "drug in therapeutic polymer" design strategy was aimed at realizing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory combination therapy for RA. In vivo experiments suggest that PAM-HA@Sin NPs can be retained in the inflamed joints of rats for a long time compared with commercially available free Sin injections. As expected, therapeutic PAM-HA polymeric carriers can increase joint lubrication and reduce oxidative stress, while the released Sin induces downregulation of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and upregulation of anti-inflammatory factors (Arg-1 and IL-10) via the NF-κB pathway. In summary, a ROS-scavenging hyaluronic acid (HA) derivative was developed as the nanocarrier for Sin delivery to simultaneously remodel the oxidative/inflammatory microenvironment in RA, which opens up new horizons for the development of therapeutic polymers and the combined therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Quanwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hanmeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technolgoy and Application, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wenheng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technolgoy and Application, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technolgoy and Application, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Balendran T, Lim K, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA. Targeting transcription factors for therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196931. [PMID: 37457726 PMCID: PMC10339812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes pain and disability. Many of the currently available drugs for treating RA patients are aimed at halting the progression of the disease and alleviating inflammation. Further, some of these treatment options have drawbacks, including disease recurrence and adverse effects due to long-term use. These inefficiencies have created a need for a different approach to treating RA. Recently, the focus has shifted to direct targeting of transcription factors (TFs), as they play a vital role in the pathogenesis of RA, activating key cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. In light of this, synthetic drugs and natural compounds are being explored to target key TFs or their signaling pathways in RA. This review discusses the role of four key TFs in inflammation, namely NF-κB, STATs, AP-1 and IRFs, and their potential for being targeted to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith Lim
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A. Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Han X, Li Q, Zhang S, Sun L, Liu W, Wang J. Inhibition of NEMO alleviates arthritis by blocking the M1 macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109983. [PMID: 37012872 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have identified NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), a regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK), as a potential target to inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, we investigated the interactions between NEMO and M1 macrophage polarization in RA. NEMO inhibition led to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines secreted from M1 macrophages in collagen-induced arthritis mice. From lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264, knocking down NEMO blocked M1 macrophage polarization accompanied by lesser M1 proinflammatory subtype. Our findings link the novel regulatory component of NF-κB signaling and human arthritis pathologies which will pave the way towards the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of innovative preventive strategies.
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Lin W, Xu L, Li G. Molecular Insights Into Lysyl Oxidases in Cartilage Regeneration and Rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32426343 PMCID: PMC7204390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage remains among the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its poor self-repair capacity. The lysyl oxidase family (LOX; also termed as protein-lysine 6-oxidase), mainly consists of lysyl oxidase (LO) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 (LOXL1-LOXL4), has been traditionally defined as cuproenzymes that are essential for stabilization of extracellular matrix, particularly cross-linking of collagen and elastin. LOX is essential in the musculoskeletal system, particularly cartilage. LOXs-mediated collagen cross-links are essential for the functional integrity of articular cartilage. Appropriate modulation of the expression or activity of certain LOX members selectively may become potential promising strategy for cartilage repair. In the current review, we summarized the advances of LOX in cartilage homeostasis and functioning, as well as copper-mediated activation of LOX through hypoxia-responsive signaling axis during recent decades. Also, the molecular signaling network governing LOX expression has been summarized, indicating that appropriate modulation of hypoxia-responsive-signaling-directed LOX expression through manipulation of bioavailability of copper and oxygen is promising for further clinical implications of cartilage regeneration, which has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for cartilage rejuvenation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Therefore, targeted regulation of copper-mediated hypoxia-responsive signalling axis for selective modulation of LOX expression may become potential effective therapeutics for enhanced cartilage regeneration and rejuvenation in future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang-Bi Capsule Alleviates the Joint Inflammation and Bone Destruction in Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1015083. [PMID: 32256633 PMCID: PMC7106906 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1015083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wang-Bi Capsule (WB), a traditional Chinese medicine- (TCM-) based herbal formula, is currently used in clinic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with positive clinical effects. However, its pharmacological mechanism of action in RA is still obscure. Therefore, this study established a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model to examine the efficacy of WB by using arthritis score, histological analysis, and micro-CT examination. Proinflammatory cytokines expression, osteoclast number, OPG/RANKL system, and NF-κB activation were then detected to further investigate the mechanism of WB in RA treatment. The results indicated that WB could alleviate the erythema and swelling of paws in CIA mice. It also inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone destruction and increased bone density in joints of CIA mice. Mechanistic studies showed that WB treatment decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum and joints of CIA mice. Moreover, it reduced the osteoclast number, increased OPG level, decreased RANKL level, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB in joints of CIA mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that WB could effectively alleviate disease progression of CIA mice by decreasing the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, modulating the OPG/RANKL system, and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.
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South S, Lucero J, Vijayagopal P, Juma S. Anti-Inflammatory Action of Blueberry Polyphenols in HIG-82 Rabbit Synoviocytes. J Med Food 2019; 22:1032-1040. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanique South
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Jacquelynn Lucero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Parakat Vijayagopal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Shanil Juma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
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Cai L, Li CM, Tang WJ, Liu MM, Chen WN, Qiu YY, Li R. Therapeutic Effect of Penta-acetyl Geniposide on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of Inducing Synovial Apoptosis and Inhibiting NF-κB Signal Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:2184-2195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Doxycycline affects gene expression profiles in aortic tissues in a rat model of vascular calcification. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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High-Throughput Study of the Effects of Celastrol on Activated Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090221. [PMID: 28878153 PMCID: PMC5615354 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural triterpene, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate its biological effect on activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The primary FLSs of the synovial tissues were obtained from synovial biopsies of patients with RA. The normal human FLS line (HFLS) was used as a control. After the RA–FLSs and HFLSs were treated with or without celastrol, various approaches, including the WST-1 assay, transwell assay, real-time PCR and ELISA analysis, were performed to estimate proliferation, invasion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the RA–FLSs. Microarray analysis was performed to screen for differentially expressed genes in RA–FLSs before and after celastrol treatment. The results showed that treatment of celastrol attenuated both the proliferation and invasion of the RA–FLSs. The expression of several chemokine genes, including CCL2, CXCL10, CXCL12, CCR2 and CXCR4, was significantly changed after celastrol treatment. The genes involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway appeared to be regulated by celastrol.
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Astilbin from Smilax glabra Roxb. Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8246420. [PMID: 29104606 PMCID: PMC5585559 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8246420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb. (with red cross-section) grown in Guizhou Province, China. We accessed its effect and potential mechanism on attenuation of the inflammatory response in CFA-induced AA rats. Our results showed that daily oral administration of astilbin at 5.3 mg/kg reduced joint damage in the hind paw of AA rats. Accordingly, astilbin exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Significant decrease of serum cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was also observed in astilbin-treated AA rats compared to the vehicle-treated AA rats. The reduced expression of these cytokines was associated with protein activity suppression of three key molecular targets in the pathogenesis of RA, including IKKβ, NF-κB p65 subunit, and TLR adaptor MyD88. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of astilbin on the inhibition of cytokines production as well as the reduction of inflammatory response in AA rats are close to a commonly used antirheumatic drug, leflunomide. Collectively, our data suggest that the action mechanism of astilbin, as an anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment, is associated with modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the expression of key elements in NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by TLR.
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11
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Zou Y, Li Q, Liu D, Li J, Cai Q, Li C, Zhao Q, Xu W. Therapeutic effects of matrine derivate MASM in mice with collagen-induced arthritis and on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2454. [PMID: 28550307 PMCID: PMC5446426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MASM is a matrine derivate that exhibits a number of pharmacological effects, including immunosuppressive activity and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of MASM in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were investigated using DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA-FLS). We demonstrated that MASM markedly attenuated the severity of arthritis in CIA mice. The therapeutic effects were associated with ameliorated joint swelling and reduced bone erosion and destruction. Furthermore, the administration of MASM suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In vitro, MASM inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13) by inhibiting both the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activation of NF-κB in IL-1β-stimulated RA-FLS. Additionally, MASM could induce apoptosis of RA-FLS via mitochondrial and Akt signaling pathways in human RA-FLS. These findings suggest that MASM could attenuate arthritis severity in CIA mice at least partially by blocking the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activation of NF-κB and by inducing apoptosis in RA-FLS. MASM could be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Orthopedics Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Changhai hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital, the first affiliated hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.
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Pekson R, Poltoratsky V, Gorasiya S, Sundaram S, Ashby CR, Vancurova I, Reznik SE. N,N-Dimethylacetamide Significantly Attenuates LPS- and TNFα-Induced Proinflammatory Responses Via Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:747-758. [PMID: 27782292 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth in a murine model, inhibits LPS-induced increases in placental pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulates the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, DMA's mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In the current study we investigate how DMA produces its anti-inflammatory effect. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we show that DMA suppresses secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, TNFα-challenged JEG-3 cells and LPS-stimulated human placental explants. DMA significantly attenuated the secretion of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, IL-6 secretion from TNFα-stimulated JEG-3 cells and TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) from LPS-stimulated human placental explants. We further investigated if DMA's effect on cytokine expression involves the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. DMA (10 mM) significantly inhibited nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but there was no significant change in the expression of phosphorylated or native forms of downstream proteins in the MAPK pathway. In addition, DMA significantly attenuated luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with NF-κB-Luc reporter plasmid, but not with AP-1-Luc or CEBP-Luc reporters. Overall, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of DMA is mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway via decreased IκBα degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pekson
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra E Reznik
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University.,Depts of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Zoheir KMA, Bakheet SA, Al-Shabanah OA, Al Rikabi AC, Attia SM. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG126 reduces activation of inflammatory cells and increases Foxp3 + regulatory T cells during pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:65-78. [PMID: 27608299 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases are key mediators of the signal transduction cascades that control expression of many genes involved in the induction of inflammation caused by arthritis. Here we investigate the effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG126 on a mouse model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). We report that when given at 5mg/kg i.p. every 48h from days 0-21, AG126 exerts potent anti-arthritic effects. Further, we investigated the role of AG126 on the key mediators of arthritic inflammation, namely, edema, arthritic score, presence of immunophenotypes including Foxp3+, CD4+Foxp3+, and CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. AG126 treatment significantly attenuated the severity of AIA and caused a substantial reduction in the percentage of CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD23+, CD80+, CD86+ CD122+, CD195+, TCRβ+, and GITR+ cells in whole blood. Moreover, administration of AG126 under arthritis-inducing conditions resulted in suppression of IL-17A+, IFN-γ+, CD4+ and CD25+ populations while causing an increase in the Foxp3+, CD4+Foxp3+, and CD25+Foxp3+ Treg populations in the spleen. In addition, RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of CD4, CD8, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 mRNAs and decreased IL-4 mRNA in the arthritic control (AC) mice, while treatment of animals with AG126 reversed these effects. Western blot analysis confirmed the decreased expression of IL-17, GITR, NF-κB p65 proteins and increased Foxp3 and IL-4 proteins following AG126 treatment of knee tissue. Thus, our findings provide new evidence that inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activity decreases the progression of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Al-Shabanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Cherkess Al Rikabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Matsumoto T, Takahashi N, Kojima T, Yoshioka Y, Ishikawa J, Furukawa K, Ono K, Sawada M, Ishiguro N, Yamamoto A. Soluble Siglec-9 suppresses arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model and inhibits M1 activation of RAW264.7 macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:133. [PMID: 27267914 PMCID: PMC4897938 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effects of soluble sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (sSiglec)-9 on joint inflammation and destruction in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and in monolayer cultures of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods DBA/1J mice were immunized with type II collagen. Effects of sSiglec-9 were evaluated using a physiologic arthritis score, histological analysis, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration, and the proportion of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vivo biofluorescence imaging was used to assess the distribution of sSiglec-9. Levels of M1 (TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase) and M2 (CD206, Arginase-1, and IL-10) macrophage markers and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules were examined in macrophages, and levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were examined in FLS. Results sSiglec-9 significantly suppressed the clinical and histological incidence and severity of arthritis. The proportion of Foxp3-positive Treg cells significantly improved and serum TNF-α concentration decreased in vivo. Although sSiglec-9 reduced the expression of M1 markers in macrophages, it did not affect the expression of M2 markers and MMPs in FLS. Nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65 phosphorylation was attenuated by sSiglec-9, and chemical blockade of the NF-kB pathway reduced M1 marker expression in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions In this study, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of sSiglec-9 in a murine CIA model. The mechanism underlying these effects involves the suppression of M1 proinflammatory macrophages by inhibiting the NF-kB pathway. sSiglec-9 may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobunori Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Toshihisa Kojima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Protective Care for Masticatory Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Ono
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Protective Care for Masticatory Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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15
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TenBroek EM, Yunker L, Nies MF, Bendele AM. Randomized controlled studies on the efficacy of antiarthritic agents in inhibiting cartilage degeneration and pain associated with progression of osteoarthritis in the rat. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:24. [PMID: 26794830 PMCID: PMC4721142 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an initial step in the development of a local therapeutic to treat osteoarthritis (OA), a number of agents were tested for their ability to block activation of inflammation through nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), subchondral bone changes through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and proteolytic degradation through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 activity. Candidates with low toxicity and predicted efficacy were further examined using either of two widely accepted models of OA joint degeneration in the rat: the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) model or the medial meniscal tear/medial collateral ligament tear (MMT/MCLT) model. Methods Potential therapeutics were assessed for their effects on the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and MMP-13 activity in vitro using previously established assays. Toxicity was measured using HeLa cells, a synovial cell line, or primary human chondrocytes. Drugs predicted to perform well in vivo were tested either systemically or via intraarticular injection in the MIA or the MMT/MCLT model of OA. Pain behavior was measured by mechanical hyperalgesia using the digital Randall-Selitto test (dRS) or by incapacitance with weight bearing (WB). Joint degeneration was evaluated using micro computed tomography and a comprehensive semiquantitative scoring of cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial histopathology. Results Several agents were effective both in vitro and in vivo. With regard to pain behavior, systemically delivered clonidine was superior in treating MIA-induced changes in WB or dRS, while systemic clonidine, curcumin, tacrolimus, and fluocinolone were all somewhat effective in modifying MMT/MCLT-induced changes in WB. Systemic tacrolimus was the most effective in slowing disease progression as measured by histopathology in the MMT/MCLT model. Conclusions All of the agents that demonstrated highest benefit in vivo, excepting clonidine, were found to inhibit MMP-13, NF-κB, and bone matrix remodeling in vitro. The MIA and MMT/MCLT models of OA, previously shown to possess inflammatory characteristics and to display associated pain behavior, were affected to different degrees by the same drugs. Although no therapeutic was remarkable across all measures, the several which showed the most promise in either model merit continued study with alternative dosing and therapeutic strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0921-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M TenBroek
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Laurie Yunker
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Mae Foster Nies
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Alison M Bendele
- Bolder BioPATH, Inc., 5541 Central Avenue, Suite 160, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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Qu L, Ji Y, Zhu X, Zheng X. hCINAP negatively regulates NF-κB signaling by recruiting the phosphatase PP1 to deactivate IKK complex. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:529-42. [PMID: 26089539 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling is essential to maintain homeostasis in immune system in response to various stimuli, which has been studied extensively and deeply. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its negative regulation are not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that human coilin-interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP) is a novel negative regulator in NF-κB signaling by deactivating IκB kinase (IKK) complex. In response to TNF stimulation, hCINAP dynamically associates with IKKα and IKKβ and inhibits IKK phosphorylation. Notably, hCINAP directly interacts with the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and mediates the formation of IKK-hCINAP-PP1 complex, serving as an adaptor protein that recruits PP1 to dephosphorylate IKK. Furthermore, decreased levels of hCINAP are observed in several inflammatory diseases with NF-κB hyperactivity. Our study suggests a novel mechanism underlying deactivation of IKK and provides new insight into the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Qu
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yapeng Ji
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Srivastava RAK, Mistry S, Sharma S. A novel anti-inflammatory natural product from Sphaeranthus indicus inhibits expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1, and slows atherosclerosis progression independent of lipid changes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:20. [PMID: 26064179 PMCID: PMC4462118 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, in which cytokines and growth factors play a major role in disease progression. The methanolic extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus as well as its active ingredient, 7-hydroxy frullanoide (7-HF), are shown to suppress LPS-induced cytokine production from mononuclear cells, and inhibit the expression of VCAM1, ICAM1 and E-selectin by TNF-α- stimulated HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. We tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of cytokines and adhesion molecules should attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis, independent of changes in the lipid profile. Studies were carried out in two animal models: a high fat-fed LDLr-/- mouse and a high fat-fed hyperlipidemic hamster. Methanolic extract of S. indicus was dosed to hyperlipidemic LDLr-/- at 100 and 300 mg (equivalent to 20 and 60 mg 7-HF)/kg body weight/ day for 8 weeks, and plasma lipids as well as aortic lesion area were quantitated. Hyperlipidemic hamsters were treated with one dose of 200 mg/kg/day. S. indicus extract treatment did not alter the lipid profile in both animal models, but reduced aortic lesion area in LDLr-/- mice and hyperlipidemic hamsters by 22 % and 45 %, respectively. Fenofibrate, included as a reference agent, decreased aortic lesions by 26 % in LDLr -/- mice and 84 % in hyperlipidemic hamsters, respectively, which was driven by massive reductions in proatherogenic lipoproteins. The lipid-independent anti-atherosclerotic activity of S. indicus was associated with the reductions in the circulating levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 via phosphorylation and degradation of IkB-α that prevents translocation of NF-kB in the nucleus to induce proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings demonstrate that anti-inflammatory agents that lower pro-inflammatory proteins inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. The methanolic extract of S. inducus, currently being used to treat psoriasis, offer promise to benefit individuals who have high circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and predisposed to coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Ajit K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd, Mumbai, India ; Present address: Integrated Pharma Solutions, Philadelphia, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sapna Mistry
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd, Mumbai, India ; Present address: BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Novato, CA USA
| | - Somesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd, Mumbai, India
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Dellinger AL, Cunin P, Lee D, Kung AL, Brooks DB, Zhou Z, Nigrovic PA, Kepley CL. Inhibition of inflammatory arthritis using fullerene nanomaterials. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126290. [PMID: 25879437 PMCID: PMC4400016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis; RA) is a complex disease driven by the interplay of multiple cellular lineages. Fullerene derivatives have previously been shown to have anti-inflammatory capabilities mediated, in part, by their ability to prevent inflammatory mediator release by mast cells (MC). Recognizing that MC can serve as a cellular link between autoantibodies, soluble mediators, and other effector populations in inflammatory arthritis, it was hypothesized that fullerene derivatives might be used to target this inflammatory disease. A panel of fullerene derivatives was tested for their ability to affect the function of human skin-derived MC as well as other lineages implicated in arthritis, synovial fibroblasts and osteoclasts. It is shown that certain fullerene derivatives blocked FcγR- and TNF-α-induced mediator release from MC; TNF-α-induced mediator release from RA synovial fibroblasts; and maturation of human osteoclasts. MC inhibition by fullerene derivatives was mediated through the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and FcγR-mediated increases in cellular reactive oxygen species and NF-κB activation. Based on these in vitro data, two fullerene derivatives (ALM and TGA) were selected for in vivo studies using K/BxN serum transfer arthritis in C57BL/6 mice and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice. Dye-conjugated fullerenes confirmed localization to affected joints in arthritic animals but not in healthy controls. In the K/BxN moldel, fullerenes attenuated arthritis, an effect accompanied by reduced histologic inflammation, cartilage/bone erosion, and serum levels of TNF-α. Fullerenes remained capable of attenuating K/BxN arthritis in mast cell-deficient mice Cre-Master mice, suggesting that lineages beyond the MC represent relevant targets in this system. These studies suggest that fullerene derivatives may hold promise both as an assessment tool and as anti-inflammatory therapy of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Dellinger
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Joint School of Nanosceince and Nanoengineering, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Lee
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew L. Kung
- Dana Farber Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - D. Bradford Brooks
- Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Kepley
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Joint School of Nanosceince and Nanoengineering, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang YI, Jung SH, Lee KT, Choi JH. 8,8'-Bieckol, isolated from edible brown algae, exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and ROS production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:460-8. [PMID: 25261704 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (E. cava) is an abundant brown alga that contains high levels of phlorotannins, which are unique marine polyphenolic compounds. It has been suggested that E. cava phlorotannins exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying molecular mechanism exerted by 8,8'-bieckol isolated from E. cava have not been reported. Thus, in this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of 8,8'-bieckol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that 8,8'-bieckol suppressed key inflammatory mediator [i.e., nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] production in both primary and RAW 264.7 macrophages. 8,8'-Bieckol inhibited NO by suppressing LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the mRNA and protein levels in primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, 8,8'-bieckol decreased the production and mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, 8,8'-bieckol treatment diminished transactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and suppressed LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophages. Furthermore, 8,8'-bieckol markedly reduced mortality in LPS-induced septic mice. Taken together, these data indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of 8,8'-bieckol are associated with the suppression of NO, PGE2, and IL-6 via negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway and ROS production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, 8,8'-bieckol protects mice from endotoxin shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tieri P, Zhou X, Zhu L, Nardini C. Multi-omic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis: re-evaluation of drug adverse effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:59. [PMID: 25414848 PMCID: PMC4220167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To provide a frame to estimate the systemic impact (side/adverse events) of (novel) therapeutic targets by taking into consideration drugs potential on the numerous districts involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the inflammatory and immune response to the gut-intestinal (GI) microbiome. Methods: We curated the collection of molecules from high-throughput screens of diverse (multi-omic) biochemical origin, experimentally associated to RA. Starting from such collection we generated RA-related protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks (interactomes) based on experimental PPI data. Pharmacological treatment simulation, topological and functional analyses were further run to gain insight into the proteins most affected by therapy and by multi-omic modeling. Results: Simulation on the administration of MTX results in the activation of expected (apoptosis) and adverse (nitrogenous metabolism alteration) effects. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) and Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase-4 (IRAK4, already an RA target) emerge as relevant nodes. The former controls the activation of inflammatory, proliferative and degenerative pathways in host and pathogens. The latter controls immune alterations and blocks innate response to pathogens. Conclusions: This multi-omic map properly recollects in a single analytical picture known, yet complex, information like the adverse/side effects of MTX, and provides a reliable platform for in silico hypothesis testing or recommendation on novel therapies. These results can support the development of RA translational research in the design of validation experiments and clinical trials, as such we identify GRB2 as a robust potential new target for RA for its ability to control both synovial degeneracy and dysbiosis, and, conversely, warn on the usage of IRAK4-inhibitors recently promoted, as this involves potential adverse effects in the form of impaired innate response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tieri
- IAC - Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone," CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Rome, Italy ; Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoYuan Zhou
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Christine Nardini
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai, China
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Xiang Q, Chen L, Fang J, Hou S, Wei L, Bai L, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. TNF receptor-associated factor 5 gene confers genetic predisposition to acute anterior uveitis and pediatric uveitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R113. [PMID: 24020968 PMCID: PMC3979155 DOI: 10.1186/ar4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5 (TRAF5) has been shown to be associated with autoimmune disease. The current study sought to investigate the potential association of TRAF5 with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and pediatric uveitis in Han Chinese. Methods Three TRAF5 SNPs were analyzed in 450 AAU patients with or without ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 458 pediatric uveitis patients, and 1,601 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Numerous variables were evaluated, including age, sex distribution, and clinical and laboratory observations. Results Two SNPs (rs6540679, rs12569232) of TRAF5 were associated with pediatric uveitis, and rs12569232 also showed a relation with the presence of microvascular leakage. No significant associations were found when patients were subdivided according to their rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) status or whether they had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Rs12569232 predisposed to AAU and its subgroups (with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or HLA-B27 positive). No association was found between rs10863888 and either pediatric uveitis or AAU. Conclusion This study revealed that TRAF5 is involved in the development of AAU and pediatric uveitis. Further stratified analysis according to the clinical and laboratory observations suggested that rs12569232/TRAF5 may play a role in the development of retinal vasculitis.
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Xue M, McKelvey K, Shen K, Minhas N, March L, Park SY, Jackson CJ. Endogenous MMP-9 and not MMP-2 promotes rheumatoid synovial fibroblast survival, inflammation and cartilage degradation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:2270-9. [PMID: 24982240 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) on the invasive characteristics of RA synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with RA or OA were treated with MMP small interfering RNA (siRNA), inhibitors and recombinant proteins or TNF-α, with or without cartilage explants. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assays, respectively; apoptosis by an in situ cell death detection kit; migration and invasion by CytoSelect invasion assay, scratch migration and collagen gel assays; cartilage degradation by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay; and inflammatory mediators and MMPs by ELISA, western blot and zymography. RESULTS MMP-2 was expressed by both OA and RA synovial fibroblasts, whereas only RA synovial fibroblasts expressed MMP-9. Suppressing MMP-2 or MMP-9 reduced RA synovial fibroblast proliferation equally. However, MMP-9 siRNA had greater effects compared with MMP-2 siRNA on promoting apoptosis and suppressing RA synovial fibroblast viability, migration and invasion. Suppression/inhibition of MMP-9 also decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, inactivated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and suppressed RA synovial fibroblast-mediated cartilage degradation. In contrast, suppression/inhibition of MMP-2 stimulated TNF-α and IL-17 secretion and activated NF-κB, while recombinant MMP-2 (rMMP-2) inactivated NF-κB and suppressed RA synovial fibroblast-mediated cartilage degradation. Results using specific inhibitors and rMMPs provided supportive evidence for the siRNA results. CONCLUSION Endogenous MMP-2 or MMP-9 contribute to RA synovial fibroblast survival, proliferation, migration and invasion, with MMP-9 having more potent effects. Additionally, MMP-9 stimulates RA synovial fibroblast-mediated inflammation and degradation of cartilage, whereas MMP-2 inhibits these parameters. Overall, our data indicate that MMP-9 derived from RA synovial fibroblasts may directly contribute to joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilang Xue
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Kelly McKelvey
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kaitlin Shen
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Nikita Minhas
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Lyn March
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
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Wang H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Wang S, Tu Q, Yang N. CARD11 blockade suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting CARD11/Bcl10 assembly and T helper type 17 response. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:238-45. [PMID: 24443940 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) is implicated in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmunity. The present study aimed to explore the role of CARD11 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with either CARD11-targeted interfering RNA (CARD11 siRNA) or control siRNA by intraperitoneal injection every 3 days after CIA establishment. The clinical score of arthritis was recorded every other day. Synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion were evaluated by histology and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Serum anti-type II collagen (anti-CII) antibodies and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CARD11/Bcl10 formation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation was assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and the percentage of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells was determined by flow cytometry. Systemic administration of CARD11 siRNA significantly reduced the clinical score of CIA severity. As indicated by the histology, joint inflammation and destruction were attenuated by CARD11 siRNA treatment. Micro-CT demonstrated less severe joint destruction in CARD11 siRNA-treated mice than in control mice. CARD11 siRNA treatment resulted in inhibition of CARD11/Bcl10 formation and the subsequent NF-κB activation. In addition, treatment with CARD11 siRNA resulted in a pronounced decrease in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. Serum anti-CII antibody and the percentage of Th17 cells were also significantly reduced. CARD11 is involved in the pathogenesis of CIA by formation of the CARD11/Bcl10 complex and enhancement of the Th17 cell response. Targeting CARD11 provides a novel research direction in the development of therapeutic strategies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Crocin suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:728709. [PMID: 24839356 PMCID: PMC4009253 DOI: 10.1155/2014/728709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment that is primarily used in various cuisines as a seasoning and coloring agent, as well as in traditional medicines for the treatment of edema, fever, and hepatic disorder. In this study, we demonstrated that crocin markedly induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which leads to an anti-inflammatory response. Crocin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide production via downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These effects were abrogated by blocking of HO-1 expression or activity. Crocin also induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular pools and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CAMK4). CAMK4 knockdown and kinase-dead mutant inhibited crocin-mediated HO-1 expression, Nrf2 activation, and phosphorylation of Akt, indicating that HO-1 expression is mediated by CAMK4 and that Akt is a downstream mediator of CAMK4 in crocin signaling. Moreover, crocin-mediated suppression of iNOS expression was blocked by CAMK4 inhibition. Overall, these results suggest that crocin suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS by inducing HO-1 expression via Ca2+/calmodulin-CAMK4-PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signaling cascades. Our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effects of crocin against endotoxin-mediated inflammation.
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Gallo-Ebert C, Donigan M, Stroke IL, Swanson RN, Manners MT, Francisco J, Toner G, Gallagher D, Huang CY, Gygax SE, Webb M, Nickels JT. Novel antifungal drug discovery based on targeting pathways regulating the fungus-conserved Upc2 transcription factor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:258-66. [PMID: 24145546 PMCID: PMC3910738 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01677-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by Candida albicans and related fungal pathogens pose a serious health problem for immunocompromised patients. Azole drugs, the most common agents used to combat infections, target the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Adaptation to azole therapy develops as drug-stressed cells compensate by upregulating several genes in the pathway, a process mediated in part by the Upc2 transcription factor. We have implemented a cell-based high-throughput screen to identify small-molecule inhibitors of Upc2-dependent induction of sterol gene expression in response to azole drug treatment. The assay is designed to identify not only Upc2 DNA binding inhibitors but also compounds impeding the activation of gene expression by Upc2. An AlphaScreen assay was developed to determine whether the compounds identified interact directly with Upc2 and inhibit DNA binding. Three compounds identified by the cell-based assay inhibited Upc2 protein level and UPC2-LacZ gene expression in response to a block in sterol biosynthesis. The compounds were growth inhibitory and attenuated antifungal-induced sterol gene expression in vivo. They did so by reducing the level of Upc2 protein and Upc2 DNA binding in the presence of drug. The mechanism by which the compounds restrict Upc2 DNA binding is not through a direct interaction, as demonstrated by a lack of DNA binding inhibitory activity using the AlphaScreen assay. Rather, they likely inhibit a novel pathway activating Upc2 in response to a block in sterol biosynthesis. We suggest that the compounds identified represent potential precursors for the synthesis of novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gallo-Ebert
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa Donigan
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ilana L. Stroke
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert N. Swanson
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa T. Manners
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jamie Francisco
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Geoffrey Toner
- Femeris, Women's Health Research Center, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Gallagher
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott E. Gygax
- Femeris, Women's Health Research Center, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maria Webb
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph T. Nickels
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
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Mohty M, Brissot E, Savani BN, Gaugler B. Effects of Bortezomib on the Immune System: A Focus on Immune Regulation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang W, Zhao F, Fang Y, Li X, Shen L, Cao T, Zhu H. Glycyrrhizin protects against porcine endotoxemia through modulation of systemic inflammatory response. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:R44. [PMID: 23497622 PMCID: PMC3672474 DOI: 10.1186/cc12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizin (GL) was recently found to suppress high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced injury by binding directly to it. However, the effect of GL on HMGB1 expression in endotoxemia as well as its underlying molecular mechanism remained unclear. METHODS Twenty-one pigs were divided into four groups: sham group (n=3), control group (n=6), ethyl pyruvate group (n=6) and glycyrrhizin group (n=6). Pigs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, monitored and given a continuous intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twelve hours after the start of the LPS infusion, ethyl pyruvate (30 mg/kg/hr) or glycyrrhizin (1 mg/kg/hr) was administered for 12 hours. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, oxygen exchange, and metabolic status were measured. The concentrations of cytokines in serum and the corresponding gene and protein expressions in tissue samples from liver, lungs, kidneys, small intestine and lymph nodes were measured. RESULTS GL maintained the stability of systemic hemodynamics and improved pulmonary oxygen exchange and metabolic status. GL also attenuated organ injury and decreased the serum levels of HMGB1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting their gene and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS GL improved systemic hemodynamics and protected vital organs against porcine endotoxemia through modulation of the systemic inflammatory response. By reducing the serum level and gene expression of HMGB1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, GL may become a potential agent for the treatment of sepsis.
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Bang SY, Kim JH, Kim HY, Lee YJ, Park SY, Lee SJ, Kim Y. Achyranthes japonica exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via NF-κB suppression and HO-1 induction in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:109-117. [PMID: 22974544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Achyranthes japonica Nakai have been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of edema and arthritis in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism responsible for anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of A. japonica roots (AJ) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitric oxide (NO) production and as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were examined in TG-elicited peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The activity of NF-κB and Nrf2 were examined by EMSA, immunocytochemistry or reporter assay. RESULTS AJ inhibited LPS-induced NO secretion as well as iNOS expression, without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, AJ suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation, degradation of IκB-α, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Further study demonstrated that AJ induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression via nuclear translocation and transactivation of Nrf2. In addition, the inhibitory effects of AJ on iNOS expression were abrogated by small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of HO-1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AJ suppresses LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in macrophages through the inhibition of IκB/NF-κB and MAPK as well as the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. These findings provide the scientific rationale for anti-inflammatory therapeutic use of A. japonica roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Bang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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Fox B, Schantz JT, Haigh R, Wood ME, Moore PK, Viner N, Spencer JPE, Winyard PG, Whiteman M. Inducible hydrogen sulfide synthesis in chondrocytes and mesenchymal progenitor cells: is H2S a novel cytoprotective mediator in the inflamed joint? J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:896-910. [PMID: 21679296 PMCID: PMC3822858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been proposed as an endogenous mediator of inflammation and is present in human synovial fluid. This study determined whether primary human articular chondrocytes (HACs) and mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) could synthesize H2S in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines relevant to human arthropathies, and to determine the cellular responses to endogenous and pharmacological H2S. HACs and MPCs were exposed to IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression and enzymatic activity of the H2S synthesizing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) were determined by Western blot and zinc-trap spectrophotometry, respectively. Cellular oxidative stress was induced by H2O2, the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Cell death was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (DCm) was determined in situ by flow cytometry. Endogenous H2S synthesis was inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CSE and CBS and pharmacological inhibitors D,L-propargylglycine and aminoxyacetate, respectively. Exogenous H2S was generated using GYY4137. Under basal conditions HACs and MPCs expressed CBS and CSE and synthesized H2S in a CBS-dependent manner, whereas CSE expression and activity was induced by treatment of cells with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 or LPS. Oxidative stress-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by GYY4137 treatment but increased by pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis or by CBS/CSE-siRNA treatment. These data suggest CSE is an inducible source of H2S in cultured HACs and MPCs. H2S may represent a novel endogenous mechanism of cytoprotection in the inflamed joint, suggesting a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Fox
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon, UK
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The involvement of oxidants and NF-κB in cytokine-induced MMP-9 synthesis by bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:673-88. [PMID: 22410640 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The activity of immune cells affects the balance between bone mineralization and resorption carried out by the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. This study was aimed at determining the possible interaction between inflammatory conditions and collagen type I degrading MMP (mainly MMP-2 and MMP-9) synthesis and secretion in rat osteoprogenitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed using primary rat bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitors during their advanced osteogenesis. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis and secretion in osteoprogenitors. RESULTS Results indicated that both synthesis and secretion of MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -8, -9, and -13) were significantly induced after pro-inflammatory cytokine treatments, except MMP-2, whose levels remained unchanged. NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells) inhibition assays showed that induced MMP-9 secretion by inflammatory cytokines was mediated by activation of NF-κB via the classical pathway and that oxidants play a significant role in this signal transduction pathway. In contrast, no such effect was observed for synthesis of MMP-2. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the possibility that inflammatory processes may trigger osteoblasts to absorb bone by secreting elevated levels of MMPs capable of degrading collagen type I, especially MMP-9 which is upregulated due to increased NF-κB transcription activity.
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Qu C, Mahmood A, Ning R, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Chen J, Jiang H, Chopp M. The treatment of traumatic brain injury with velcade. J Neurotrauma 2011; 27:1625-34. [PMID: 20649468 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits a strong inflammatory response that contributes to the acute pathological processes seen following TBI, including cerebral edema and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in addition to longer-term neurological damage and cognitive impairment. Proteasome inhibitors reduce vascular thrombotic and inflammatory events and consequently protect vascular function. In the present study we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Velcade (bortezomib), a potent and selective inhibitor of proteasomes, which is in clinical use for the treatment of multiple myeloma. When administered within 2 h after TBI onset, Velcade reduced inflammatory responses, lesion volume, and neurological functional deficits, and enhanced neuronal survival. Western blot and ELISA showed that Velcade decreased the expression of NF-κB. These results suggest that in the experimental setting, Velcade is an effective neuroprotective agent for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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van Loo G, Beyaert R. Negative regulation of NF-κB and its involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:221. [PMID: 21639951 PMCID: PMC3218875 DOI: 10.1186/ar3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB plays crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and mmune responses, and inappropriate NF-κB activity has been linked with many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Cells employ a multilayered control system to keep NF-κB signalling in check, including a repertoire of negative feedback regulators ensuring termination of NF-κB responses. Here we will review various negative regulatory mechanisms that have evolved to control NF-κB signalling and which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert van Loo
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Sasaki H, Suzuki N, Alshwaimi E, Xu Y, Battaglino R, Morse L, Stashenko P. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits periodontitis via glucocorticoid-independent nuclear factor-κB inactivation in interleukin-10-deficient mice. J Periodontal Res 2011; 45:757-63. [PMID: 20682015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a natural anti-inflammatory compound derived from licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The effect of GA on experimental periodontitis and its mechanism of action were determined in the present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 in interleukin-10-deficient mice. The effect of GA, which was delivered by subcutaneous injections in either prophylactic or therapeutic regimens, on alveolar bone loss and gingival gene expressions was determined on day 42 after initial infection. The effect of GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, T cell proliferation and osteoclastogenesis was also examined in vitro. RESULTS 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid administered either prophylactically or therapeutically resulted in a dramatic reduction of infection-induced bone loss in interleukin-10-deficient mice, which are highly disease susceptible. Although GA has been reported to exert its anti-inflammatory activity via downregulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (HSD2), which converts active glucocorticoids to their inactive forms, GA did not reduce HSD2 gene expression in gingival tissue. Rather, in glucocorticoid-free conditions, GA potently inhibited LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production and RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis, both of which are dependent on nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, GA suppressed LPS- and RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p105 in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GA inhibits periodontitis by inactivation of nuclear factor-κB in an interleukin-10- and glucocorticoid-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasaki
- Department of Cytokine Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Khalifé S, Zafarullah M. Molecular targets of natural health products in arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:102. [PMID: 21345249 PMCID: PMC3157637 DOI: 10.1186/ar3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) consume 'natural health products' (NHPs) whose therapeutic efficacy, toxicity and mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In a previous issue of Arthritis Research and Therapy, Haqqi and colleagues characterized IL-1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms in human OA chondrocytes. The cartilageprotective mechanisms of pomegranate extract involve diminishing MKK3-activated p38α, JNK, NF-κB and Runx2 pathways, which regulate inflammatory proteins and cartilage-destroying proteases. Epigallocatechin- 3-gallate, resveratrol, curcumin and other NHP active ingredients suppress multiple inflammatory and catabolic molecular mediators of arthritis. Non-toxicity, reduced severity and incidence of arthritis in animal models warrant testing NHP active ingredients for preventing human OA and RA.
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The role of cytokines in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neurol 2010; 258:533-48. [PMID: 21104265 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the role of cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-17, IL-10, IL-4 and chemokines in GBS and EAN as unraveled by studies both in the clinic and the laboratory. However, these studies occasionally yield conflicting results, highlighting the complex role that cytokines play in the disease process. Efforts to modulate cytokine function in GBS and other autoimmune disease have shown efficiency indicating that cytokines are important therapeutic targets.
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Lou X, Sun S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Liu X, Shan Y, Wang C. Negative Feedback Regulation of NF-κB Action by CITED2 in the Nucleus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:539-48. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The discovery of novel experimental therapies for inflammatory arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2009:698769. [PMID: 20339519 PMCID: PMC2842969 DOI: 10.1155/2009/698769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have revolutionized the medical therapy of inflammatory arthritis. However, it remains unclear as to what can be done to treat immune-mediated chronic inflammation after patients become refractory to these therapies or develop serious side-effects and/or infections forcing drug withdrawal. Because of these concerns it is imperative that novel targets be continuously identified and experimental strategies designed to test potential arthritis interventions in vitro, but more importantly, in well-validated animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Over the past few years, sphingosine-1-phosphate, interleukin-7 receptor, spleen tyrosine kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase 5/p38 kinase regulated/activated protein kinase, micro-RNAs, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand and the polyubiquitin-proteasome pathway were identified as promising novel targets for potential antiarthritis drug development. Indeed several experimental compounds alter the biological activity of these targets and have shown clinical efficacy in animal models of arthritis. A few of them have even entered the first phase of human clinical trials.
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Dambrova M, Zvejniece L, Skapare E, Vilskersts R, Svalbe B, Baumane L, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of NF-kappaB inhibitory guanidine derivative ME10092. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:455-60. [PMID: 20074673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The guanidine compound ME10092 (1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-guanidine) is known to possess anti-radical and anti-ischemic activity but its molecular targets have not been identified. This study investigated whether ME10092 regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-mediated signal transduction in vivo. The effect of ME10092 treatment (1-100 pmol/mouse) on nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, activation of expression of inflammatory mediators and production of nitric oxide were measured in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model in mice in vivo. The antinociceptive activity of ME10092 was tested in the formalin-induced paw licking test. ME10092 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, transcription of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements showed that ME10092 inhibited the LPS-induced increase in nitric oxide content in mouse brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In the formalin-induced paw licking test, ME10092 (at the dose of 3mg/kg, p.o. twice daily for eight days) significantly reduced nociceptive response. In conclusion, above results indicate that ME10092 inhibits NF-kappaB activation and suppresses the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in experimental models in vivo.
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Moehrlen U, Hamacher J. Regarding: Inflammatory Response Is No Different in Children Randomized to Laparoscopic or Open Appendectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2009; 19:847-8. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2009.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Moehrlen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Hamacher
- Pulmonary Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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Taylor CT, Cummins EP. The role of NF-kappaB in hypoxia-induced gene expression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1177:178-84. [PMID: 19845620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common physiologic and pathophysiologic stimulus that activates the expression of genes through oxygen-sensitive transcription factors including the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Hypoxia-dependent gene expression can have important physiologic or pathophysiologic consequences for an organism, depending upon the cause of the hypoxic insult. Consequently, this pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target in a number of disease states. While the mechanism linking hypoxia to the activation of HIF has been extensively studied, our understanding of how hypoxia activates NF-kappaB is limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that similar oxygen-sensing mechanisms are employed in conferring oxygen sensitivity to both HIF and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Furthermore, there is an extensive degree of cross-talk occurring between NF-kappaB and HIF. Investigations into mechanisms of hypoxic activation of HIF and NF-kappaB and how these signaling pathways interact will uncover new therapeutic modalities in a diverse range of disease states where hypoxia is a feature of the microenvironment including cancer, vascular disease, and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, College of Life Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Reduction of colonic inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats by feeding Marie Ménard apples, rich in polyphenols. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1620-8. [PMID: 19622193 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509990936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are immunomediated ailments affecting millions of individuals. Although diet is regarded as an important factor influencing IBD, there are no accepted dietary recommendations presently available. We administered 7.6 % lyophilised apples obtained from two cultivars (Golden Delicious and Marie Ménard, low and high in polyphenols, respectively) to HLA-B27 transgenic rats which develop spontaneous IBD. After 3 months feeding, rats fed Marie Ménard apples had reduced myeloperoxidase activity (3.6 (sem 0.3) v. 2.2 (sem 0.2) U/g tissue; P < 0.05) and reduced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (P < 0.05) and inducible NO synthase gene expression (P < 0.01) in the colon mucosa and significantly less diarrhoea (P < 0.05), compared with control rats. Cell proliferation in the colon mucosa was reduced significantly by feeding Golden Delicious apples, with a borderline effect of Marie Ménard apples. Gene expression profiling of the colon mucosa, analysed using the Whole Rat Genome 4 x 44 K Agilent Arrays, revealed a down-regulation of the pathways of PG synthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and TNFalpha-NF-kappaB in Marie Ménard-fed rats. In the stools of the animals of this group we also measured a significant reduction of bacteria of the Bacteriodes fragilis group. In conclusion, the administration of Marie Ménard apples, rich in polyphenols and used at present only in the manufacturing of cider, ameliorates colon inflammation in transgenic rats developing spontaneous intestinal inflammation, suggesting the possible use of these and other apple varieties to control inflammation in IBD patients.
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Cheng T, Zhang GY, Guo CJ, Zhang X. Effects of NF-kappaB inhibitor on titanium particulate-induced inflammation in a murine model. J Surg Res 2009; 162:225-30. [PMID: 19628224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling in response to implant particulates may be critical in the pathogenesis of implant loosening after joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in a murine model of inflammation induced by titanium (Ti) particulates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ti particulates were introduced into established air pouches on C57BL/6J mice. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with either high-dose PDTC (100 mg/kg) or low-dose PDTC (50 mg/kg). Mice without drug treatment, as well as mice injected with saline alone were included. Each group consisted of sixteen mice. The membranes and lavage fluid were harvested 2 d or 7 d after injection of particulate suspension for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS Histologic analysis showed that PDTC reduced inflammatory responses in air pouches, that is, thinner membrane and decreased cellular infiltration. In addition, PDTC reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the lavage fluid or supernatant of homogenates as evaluated by ELISA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PDTC inhibits Ti particulate-induced inflammatory responses in the murine model; thus it represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of implant loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- T'ao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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