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Huang Y, Lyu N, Gohil S, Bapat S, Essien EJ, Thornton JD. Intention to get naloxone among patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 36138420 PMCID: PMC9502607 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription opioids have been increasingly prescribed for chronic pain while the opioid-related death rates grow. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is increasingly recommended in these patients, yet there is limited research that investigates the intention to get naloxone. This study aimed to investigate intention toward getting naloxone in patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain and to assess the predictive utility of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) constructs in explaining intention to get naloxone. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of a panel of U.S. adult patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain using a Qualtrics®XM survey. These patients participated in the study during February to March 2020. The online internet survey assessed the main outcome of intention to get naloxone and constructs of TRA (attitudes and subjective norms); additional measures assessed the characteristics of patients' opioid overdose risk factors, knowledge of naloxone, and their demographics. The relationship between TRA constructs, namely, attitudes and subjective norms, and the intention variable was examined using logistic regression analyses with the intention outcome contrasted as follows: high intention (scores ≥ 5) and non-high intention (scores < 5). RESULTS A total of 549 participants completed the survey. Most of them were female (53.01%), White or Caucasian (83.61%), non-Hispanic (87.57%) and had a mean age of 44.16 years (SD = 13.37). Of these, 167 (30.42%) had high intention to get naloxone. The TRA construct of subjective norm was significantly associated with increased likelihood of higher intentions to get naloxone (OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.50-3.70, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides empirical support of the TRA in predicting intention to get naloxone among chronic pain patients currently taking opioids. Subjective norms significantly predicted intention to get naloxone in these patients. The interventions targeting important reference groups of these patients would have greater impact on increasing intention to get naloxone in this population. Future studies should test whether theory-based interventions focusing on strengthening subjective norms increase intention to get naloxone in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204
| | - Ning Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204
| | - Shrey Gohil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204
| | - Shweta Bapat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204
| | - E James Essien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204
| | - J Douglas Thornton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Room 9045, Houston, USA, TX, 77204. .,Prescription Drug Misuse Education and Research (PREMIER) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Kanamori M, Shrader CH, George SS, Adkins T, Bartholomew TS, Sanchez M, de la Rosa M. Influences of immigration stress and occupational exploitation on Latina seasonal workers' substance use networks: a qualitative study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 21:457-475. [PMID: 32609076 PMCID: PMC7775321 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1778591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
US female Latina seasonal farm workers (LSW) are a medically underserved community experiencing severe health disparities. We explored the relationship between alcohol and prescription medication, and LSW social networks using a qualitative approach. In 2015, this study used convenience sampling to recruit 28 LSWs in South Florida for three focus group discussions in Spanish. Focus groups were translated to English for analysis, which employed a general inductive approach. Themes included prescription medication distribution within networks, spirituality/religion practice with friends and family, and alcohol use with friends. Substance abuse prevention and treatment interventions should account for the unique needs of LSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara St. George
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Adkins
- Pediatrics Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler S. Bartholomew
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mario de la Rosa
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Theall KP, Sterk CE, Elifson KW. Male Condom Use by Type of Relationship following an HIV Intervention among Women Who Use Illegal Drugs. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260303300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Predictors of increased male condom use are investigated following a recent, gender-specific HIV intervention among African-American women. Data were analyzed from 138 women (aged 18 to 59), recruited from inner-city Atlanta (Georgia, U.S.) neighborhoods. Predictors of condom use with steady and casual paying partners were examined separately. Increased condom use with steady partners was associated with drug-using status, intervention assignment, sexual relationship characteristics, age at first condom use, and HIV testing history. Condom use with casual paying partners was associated with having sex while high and the frequency of crack cocaine use. Personalized norms regarding condom use were not salient factors in predicting increased rates of condom use with either partner type. Findings indicate the continued need to consider sex in the context of drug use, and reveal the importance of measuring such influences and all antecedents of condom use separately for steady versus casual sexual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P. Theall
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
| | - Claire E. Sterk
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
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Nydegger LA, Ames SL, Stacy AW. The development of a new condom use expectancy scale for at-risk adults. Soc Sci Med 2015; 143:179-84. [PMID: 26363449 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Engaging in risky sexual behavior increases transmission of HIV. OBJECTIVE The present study used previously elicited salient outcomes of condom use to examine the factor structure and test the predictive utility of a condom use expectancy scale. METHODS Participants were drug offenders from court ordered drug diversion programs in Southern California. The condom use expectancy scale consisted of three factors: positive condom outcome items, negative condom outcome items, and safe sex items. RESULTS The factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure. Positive condom use expectancies were a significant predictor of both condom use and intentions to use condoms, and negative condom use expectancies predicted non-use of condoms. CONCLUSION Understanding conditions of condom use can aid public health researchers and practitioners to better identify those in need of HIV prevention and how to target those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl A Nydegger
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 2071 North Summit Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53203, USA.
| | - Susan L Ames
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 W. Foothill Blvd., Suite 310 Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
| | - Alan W Stacy
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 W. Foothill Blvd., Suite 310 Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
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Kennedy DP, Brown RA, Morrison P, Vie L, Ryan GW, Tucker JS. Risk evaluations and condom use decisions of homeless youth: a multi-level qualitative investigation. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:62. [PMID: 25636862 PMCID: PMC4324882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homeless youth are at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy than non-homeless youth. However, little is known about how they evaluate risk within the context of their sexual relationships. It is important to understand homeless youths' condom use decisions in light of their sexual relationships because condom use decisions are influenced by relationship dynamics in addition to individual attitudes and event circumstances. It is also important to understand how relationship level factors, sexual event circumstances, and individual characteristics compare and intersect. Methods To explore these issues, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 37 homeless youth in Los Angeles County in 2011 concerning their recent sexual relationships and analyzed the data using systematic methods of team-based qualitative data analysis. Results We identified themes of risk-related evaluations and decisions at the relationship/partner, event, and individual level. We also identified three different risk profiles that emerged from analyzing how different levels of risk intersected across individual respondents. The three profiles included 1) Risk Takers, who consistently engage in risk and have low concern about consequences of risk behavior, 2) Risk Avoiders, who consistently show high concern about protection and consistently avoid risk, and 3) Risk Reactors, those who are inconsistent in their concerns about risk and protection and mainly take risks in reaction to relationship and event circumstances. Conclusions Interventions targeting homeless youth should reflect multiple levels of risk behavior and evaluation in order to address the diversity of risk profiles. Relationship/partner-, event-, and individual-level factors are all important but have different levels of importance for different homeless youth. Interventions should be tailored to address the most important factor contributing to homeless youth reproductive needs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1419-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Kennedy
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | - Ryan A Brown
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | - Penelope Morrison
- The RAND-University of Pittsburgh Health Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Loryana Vie
- The Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Gery W Ryan
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
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Calsyn DA, Peavy M, Wells EA, Campbell ANC, Hatch-Maillette MA, Greenfield SF, Tross S. Differences between men and women in condom use, attitudes, and skills in substance abuse treatment seekers. Am J Addict 2013; 22:150-7. [PMID: 23414501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For substance abuse treatment-seekers engaging in high risk sexual behavior, their inconsistent condom use may be related to their condom use attitudes and skills. OBJECTIVE This study compared treatment-seeking male and female substance abusers in their reported barriers to condom use and condom use skills. METHODS Men and women (N = 1,105) enrolled in two multi-site HIV risk reduction studies were administered the Condom Barriers Scale, Condom Use Skills, and an audio computer-assisted structured interview assessing sexual risk behavior. RESULTS Men endorsed more barriers to condom use, especially on the Effects on Sexual Experience factor. For both men and women, stronger endorsement of barriers to condom use was associated with less use of condoms. However, the difference between condom users and non-users in endorsement of condom barriers in general is greater for men than women, especially for those who report having casual partners. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the need to focus on gender-specific barriers to condom use in HIV/STI prevention interventions, especially risk behavior intervention techniques that address sexual experience with condoms. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Results provide additional information about the treatment and prevention needs of treatment-seeking men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Calsyn
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Brown RA, Kennedy DP, Tucker JS, Golinelli D, Wenzel SL. Monogamy on the Street: A Mixed-Methods Study of Homeless Men. JOURNAL OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH 2013; 7:10.1177/1558689813480000. [PMID: 24327811 PMCID: PMC3856210 DOI: 10.1177/1558689813480000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a mixed methods approach to explore the determinants of relationship patterns and risky sex among homeless men living in downtown Los Angeles. This involved analysis of qualitative interviews focused on gender ideology and sexual events ( n = 30) as well as structured interviews ( n = 305) focused on homeless men’s sexual partners, sexual behaviors, and social networks. We found that men valued committed relationships but were frustrated by their lack of access to female partners (accentuated by the stigma attached to homeless males) and also by structural and logistical barriers to relationships. Some men reported monogamous relationships; such relationships were less likely with homeless or substance-using partners and more likely with partners central to men’s social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Brown
- RAND Corporation – RAND Health, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90402, T. 310 393 0411 x.6234, F. 310 392 4818
| | - David P. Kennedy
- RAND Corporation – RAND Health, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90402, T. 310 393 0411 x.6234, F. 310 392 4818
| | - Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation – RAND Health, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90402, T. 310 393 0411 x.6234, F. 310 392 4818
| | - Daniela Golinelli
- RAND Corporation – RAND Health, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90402, T. 310 393 0411 x.6234, F. 310 392 4818
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8
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Kapadia F, Latka MH, Wu Y, Strathdee SA, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Hudson SM, Thiede H, Garfein RS. Longitudinal determinants of consistent condom use by partner type among young injection drug users: the role of personal and partner characteristics. AIDS Behav 2011; 15:1309-18. [PMID: 19449099 PMCID: PMC3180628 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-009-9569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the longitudinal influence of individual-, relationship- and social-level factors on condom use by partner type among young injections drug users (IDUs) enrolled in the Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study-III/Drug Users Intervention Trial (CIDUS-III/DUIT) from 2002 to 2004. Based on longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations (GEE), consistent condom use with main partners was more commonly reported among males and those with greater self-efficacy for condom use; main partner’s desire for pregnancy and needle sharing were negatively associated with consistent condom use. Among those with casual partners, having fewer sex partners was associated with consistent condom use. Positive attitudes toward condom use and partner norms supporting condom use were associated with greater consistent condom use with both partner types. These findings suggest that intervention strategies targeting individual- and partner-level factors may provide avenues for intervening upon sexual risks among young IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kapadia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies & Public Health, New York University, New York, 10012, USA.
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9
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Abstract
We examined normative beliefs about multiple sexual partners and social status in China and their association with risky sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Self-reported and biological markers of sexual risk were examined among 3,716 market vendors from a city in eastern China. Men who were older or with less education believed having multiple sexual partners was linked to higher social status. Adjusting for demographic characteristics, normative beliefs were significantly associated with having multiple sexual partners, while having multiple sexual partners was significantly associated with STIs. Normative beliefs regarding sexual behaviors may play an important role in individual risk behaviors. Future HIV/STI interventions must address community beliefs about the positive meaning of sexual risks, particularly among men with traditional beliefs about gender roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Center for Community Health, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 10920 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Beharie N, Kalogerogiannis K, McKay MM, Paulino A, Miranda A, Rivera-Rodriguez A, Torres E, Ortiz A. The HOPE Family Project: A Family-Based Group Intervention to Reduce the Impact of Homelessness on HIV/STI and Drug Risk Behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01609513.2010.510091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Fishbein M, Brown L, Diclemente R, Romer D, Valois R, Vanable PA, Carey MP, Salazar L. Differentiating between precursor and control variables when analyzing reasoned action theories. AIDS Behav 2010; 14:225-36. [PMID: 19370408 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-009-9560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the distinction between precursor and control variables in the context of reasoned action theory. Here the theory is combined with structural equation modeling to demonstrate how age and past sexual behavior should be situated in a reasoned action analysis. A two wave longitudinal survey sample of African-American adolescents is analyzed where the target behavior is having vaginal sex. Results differ when age and past behavior are used as control variables and when they are correctly used as precursors. Because control variables do not appear in any form of reasoned action theory, this approach to including background variables is not correct when analyzing data sets based on the theoretical axioms of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior, or the Integrative Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hennessy
- Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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12
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Gullette DL, Wright PB, Booth BM, Feldman Z, Stewart KE. Stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy in condom use among rural African-American stimulant users. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2010; 20:428-41. [PMID: 19887285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study (a) examined the stages of change (SOC) for condom use with primary and casual partners among rural heterosexual African American stimulant users, (b) identified gender differences in variables associated with SOC, and (c) assessed the association of SOC with decisional balance and self-efficacy. A total of 72 participants completed the study. SOC with a primary partner were much lower than with a casual partner, indicating more consistent condom use with casual partners. Significant gender differences existed in decisional balance for condom use for both primary (p = .02) and casual partners (p =.03), with women having higher decisional balance scores than men. Women also reported higher self-efficacy scores for condom use with casual partners than men. In regression models, age, decisional balance, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with SOC for condom use with a primary partner; however, only self-efficacy was significantly associated with SOC with casual partners. The results provide support for the development of interventions that promote the advantages of and increase self-efficacy for condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gullette
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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13
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Williams ML, McCurdy SA, Bowen AM, Kilonzo GP, Atkinson JS, Ross MW, Leshabari MT. HIV seroprevalence in a sample of Tanzanian intravenous drug users. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2009; 21:474-83. [PMID: 19842830 PMCID: PMC2862568 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.5.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injection drug use has recently emerged in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with increased risk of testing HIV-positive in a sample of injection drug users (IDUs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were recruited by a trained outreach worker or were referred by IDUs who had completed the study. Blood specimens and self-reported socioeconomic and behavioral data were collected from 315 male and 219 female IDUs. Data were analyzed using univariate odds ratios and multivariate logistic regression modeling. Forty-two percent of the sample tested HIV-positive. Several socioeconomic, injection, and sexual factors were found to be associated with increased odds of testing HIV-positive. Multivariate analysis showed that having had sex more than 81 times in past 30 days, earning less than 100,000 shillings (US$76) in the past month, residency in Dar es Salaam for less than 5 years, and injecting for 3 years were independently associated with the greatest risk of infection. The rate of HIV infection in this sample of IDUs was found to be very high, suggesting that injection drug use may be a factor in the continuing epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The factors associated with increased risk of HIV infection suggest further research is needed on the needle use and sexual networks of IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
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Czuchry M, Timpson S, Williams ML, Bowen AM, Ratliff EA. Improving Condom Self-Efficacy and Use among Individuals Living with HIV: The Positive Choices Mapping Intervention. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009; 14:230-239. [PMID: 20396620 DOI: 10.1080/14659890902874212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Few interventions have been designed to improve behavioral outcomes and reduce risk of HIV transmission of individuals living with HIV, most focusing on preventative efforts directed at individuals who are HIV-negative. However, people living with HIV present individual and public health risks (infection with a different strain of HIV, health complications from contracting STD's, continued sexual activity with individuals with unknown HIV status) that have become the focus of intervention efforts. The current paper explores a promising new intervention, The Positive Choices Mapping intervention (PCM), designed to increase condom self-efficacy and use among African American crack cocaine smokers who are living with HIV. The intervention was grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and incorporated an empirically backed visual representation strategy (node-link mapping). The focus of the current paper is on the main components of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Czuchry
- Texas Lutheran University, Department of Psychology, 1000 W. Court St., Seguin, TX 78155
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15
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Timpson SC, Ross MW, Williams ML, Atkinson J. Characteristics, Drug Use, and Sex Partners of a Sample of Male Sex Workers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2009; 33:63-9. [PMID: 17366246 DOI: 10.1080/00952990601082670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Some male sex workers (MSWs) are also engaging in a significant amount of illicit drug use and other high risk behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and sex partner characteristics in a sample of MSW. Data were collected from 179 men who were trading sex for money in Houston, TX. In the past 30 days they reported an average of 56 male partners and 5 female partners. Of the 179 men, 152 had been tested for HIV and knew their status. Twenty-six percent of those tested had tested positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Timpson
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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16
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The relationship-oriented information-motivation-behavioral skills model: a multilevel structural equation model among dyads. AIDS Behav 2009; 13:173-84. [PMID: 18259851 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-007-9350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transmission rates of HIV infection have increased steadily among heterosexual adults, however current theoretical models have not been tested statistically at the dyadic level in which risk behaviors occur. The purpose of the current study was to test an Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of HIV risk behavior (IMB) specifically articulated for heterosexual couples in established relationships using data from both members of 75 dyads. The multilevel relationship-oriented information-motivation-behavioral skills (RELO-IMB) model was evaluated at the individual and dyadic level of analysis to examine partner differences on core variables. Results indicated that not only did the RELO-IMB model provide a good fit to the data when analyzed at the dyadic level, but that the structural relations among the core variables were quite different between the individual- and dyadic-level models. This is the first theoretical model of HIV risk behavior to be analyzed at the dyadic level, and the results suggest ways to effectively design intervention strategies for individuals in intimate relationships.
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17
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What you think you know can hurt you: perceptual biases about HIV risk in intimate relationships. AIDS Behav 2009; 13:246-57. [PMID: 18080101 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-007-9341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of heuristic biases and the false consensus effect can lead individuals to misperceive risk of HIV infection. The current paper presents the results of two studies which sought to examine whether individuals, (a) weigh risk relevant information accurately in their assessments of HIV risk, and (b) are susceptible to the false consensus effect in their assessments of actual intimate partner risk behaviors. The results of the first study support the hypothesis that individuals do not use objective risk information based on probability statistics in their assessments of HIV risk. In addition, the results of the second study find that female partners exhibit the false consensus effect regarding sexual risk behaviors, whereas male partners did not. Discussion centers on the role of perceptual biases in HIV risk behaviors among individuals in intimate relationships.
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A cluster analysis of drug use and sexual HIV risks and their correlates in a sample of African-American crack cocaine smokers with HIV infection. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 97:44-53. [PMID: 18495380 PMCID: PMC2586763 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to classify a sample of HIV-seropositive African-American crack cocaine smokers into homogenous HIV drug use and sexual risk groups using a two step multivariate cluster analysis. Two hundred and fifty-eight crack cocaine smokers participated in the study. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct HIV risk groups. The highest risk group, the largest one, was characterized by frequent, daily crack use, multiple sex partners, trading sex, and inconsistent condom use. The consistent condom use group, the smallest group, was characterized by consistent condom use. The inconsistent condom use group, the second largest group, was distinguished by inconsistent condom use. Comparisons of the three HIV risk groups revealed that the highest risk group had a higher proportion of illegal sources of income, higher proportion of binged crack use, frequent, daily, alcohol use, same gender sex partners, and scored higher on depressive symptoms. Members of the consistent condom use group were more likely to have been HIV diagnosed for a shorter time, to have HIV serodiscordant casual sex partners, higher psychological motivation for condom use, and a lower frequency of vaginal sex. Members of the inconsistent condom use group were more likely to have a main sex partner, to be married, to be on public assistance, to know the HIV serostatus of their casual partner, and less likely to conceal their HIV serostatus. An alarming finding was that a large number of participants inconsistently used condoms with HIV serodiscordant sex partners. Interventions aiming to prevent the secondary spread of HIV infection in African-American crack cocaine smokers should take this variability in account and focus on the differences.
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Brown KE, Arden MA, Hurst KM. A qualitative analysis of accounts of hormonal contraceptive use: experiences and beliefs of British adolescents. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2008; 12:269-78. [PMID: 17763266 DOI: 10.1080/13625180701440719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Britain has high rates of unintended adolescent pregnancy compared to other European countries. Relatively little is known about the beliefs, attitudes and experiences of using hormonal contraceptive methods amongst middle-class adolescents, and mention of their views in the literature will add to the knowledge in this area. The current qualitative study addresses these issues to some extent. METHODS Middle-class 16-18-year-old men and women were interviewed about their understanding and use of hormonal contraceptives. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and transcripts subjected to an adaptation of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). RESULTS Six emergent themes represent important aspects of these adolescents' experiences: negative experiences, experiences unrelated to pregnancy prevention, mistrust of the pill, risk reduction, issues of communication and trust, and perceptions of pill promotion by adults. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate the complexities inherent in contraceptive health care in relation to hormonal methods and highlight not only potential targets for enhancing effective use, but the importance of the way such information is disseminated.
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Smith RA, Nguyen LK. 'Searching for a "generalized social agent" to predict Namibians' intentions to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. AIDS Care 2008; 20:235-43. [PMID: 18293135 DOI: 10.1080/09540120701487658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Debate surrounds the definition, measurement and utility of subjective norms (theory of reasoned action, Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). Scholars propose alternative concepts including descriptive norms and injunctive norms (Cialdini et al., 1990), enabling factors and social embeddedness (e.g. Barrera, 1986), and betweenness to others in a network (Wasserman & Faust, 1994) to explain social influences on willingness to perform a behaviour. This study explores the relative utility and comparability of different social concepts in understanding Namibians' intentions (n=1200) to abstain from sex or to be faithful to one sexual partner. Neither subjective norms nor the five other concepts consistently predict either intentions, although they account for 21% of variance in intentions to abstain and 24% of intentions to have one sexual partner in one region. Conflicting relationships between injunctive and subjective norms exist; stigma surrounding HIV prevention provides some explanation. Campaigns designed to alter norms may benefit from altering stigma simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Smith
- Communication Arts & Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
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Peters RJ, Williams M, Ross MW, Atkinson J, McCurdy SA. The use of fry (embalming fluid and PCP-laced cigarettes or marijuana sticks) among crack cocaine smokers. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2008; 38:285-95. [PMID: 19157045 PMCID: PMC2873769 DOI: 10.2190/de.38.3.f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Statistics show that the prevalence of crack cocaine use and embalming fluid and phencyclidine (PCP)-laced cigarettes or marijuana sticks, commonly referred to on the street as "fry" or "wet" is a problem; however, the relationship between these substances of abuse and concurrent polydrug use is unknown. In the present study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 426 African-American crack users in Houston, Texas, to investigate the difference between those who concurrently reported lifetime (defined as at least one usage of fry in life) fry use and those who stated they never used fry. The data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Fry users were significantly more likely than non-users to not have a casual sex partner (92% users vs. 84% non-users, p < or = 0.05) and were more likely to have been diagnosed with gonorrhea in the past 12 months (9% users vs. 2% non-users, p < or = 0.05). In addition fry users had significantly higher odds of currently trading sex for drugs (OR = 2.30, p < or = 0.05), marijuana use (OR = 12.11, p < or = 0.05), and codeine (syrup) use (OR = 8.10, p < or = 0.05). These findings are important in determining the "cultural novelties" relative to crack and fry use among younger African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Peters
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ross MW, Timpson SC, Williams ML, Amos C, McCurdy S, Bowen AM, Kilonzo GP. Responsibility as a dimension of HIV prevention normative beliefs: measurement in three drug-using samples. AIDS Care 2007; 19:403-9. [PMID: 17453576 DOI: 10.1080/09540120600813780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The concept of responsibility was derived originally from principles of morality, as part of a network of rights, duties and obligations. HIV risk-related studies have suggested that a sense of responsibility for condom use to protect a partner is a potentially important predictor of condom use in drug-using populations. We created a four-item scale measuring Self responsibility to use condoms and Partner's responsibility to use condoms. Data were collected from three drug-using samples: crack smokers, HIV seropositive crack smokers in an intervention study in Houston, Texas, and Tanzanian heroin users in Dar es Salaam. Data indicated that the four responsibility items had high alpha coefficients in each sample, and that there were moderate to high intercorrelations between equivalent self and partner responsibility items. There were significant differences in scale scores between the crack smokers and the HIV positive crack smokers and the Tanzanian samples, but no significant differences between the HIV positive and Tanzanian samples. Comparing within the first crack-smoker sample those who were HIV positive and negative showed significant differences in the direction of higher beliefs in responsibility to use condoms in the HIV positive group. These data suggest that responsibility is measurable, holds similar psychometric properties across three samples differing in culture and HIV serostatus, and that condom use responsibility is conceptualized as a measure of general responsibility rather than as a reciprocal self/partner responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Guo Q, Johnson CA, Unger JB, Lee L, Xie B, Chou CP, Palmer PH, Sun P, Gallaher P, Pentz M. Utility of the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior for predicting Chinese adolescent smoking. Addict Behav 2007; 32:1066-81. [PMID: 16934414 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
One third of smokers worldwide live in China. Identifying predictors of smoking is important for prevention program development. This study explored whether the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predict adolescent smoking in China. Data were obtained from 14,434 middle and high school students (48.6% boys, 51.4% girls) in seven geographically varied cities in China. TRA and TPB were tested by multilevel mediation modeling, and compared by multilevel analyses and likelihood ratio tests. Perceived behavioral control was tested as a main effect in TPB and a moderation effect in TRA. The mediation effects of smoking intention were supported in both models (p<0.001). TPB accounted for significantly more variance than TRA (p<0.001). Perceived behavioral control significantly interacted with attitudes and social norms in TRA (p<0.001). Therefore, TRA and TPB are applicable to China to predict adolescent smoking. TPB is superior to TRA for the prediction and TRA can better predict smoking among students with lower than higher perceived behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA.
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Brewer TH, Zhao W, Metsch LR, Coltes A, Zenilman J. High-risk behaviors in women who use crack: knowledge of HIV serostatus and risk behavior. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:533-9. [PMID: 17407822 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether crack cocaine-using women who are aware of their HIV serostatus have made modifications in risk behaviors, we compared known HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) users with respect to sexual risk behaviors, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginitis, and correlates of unprotected sex. METHODS We used a cross-sectional design with street outreach, recruitment, and interviews of sexually active crack cocaine using women. Women received testing for HIV, STIs, and vaginitis. RESULTS Sixty-one HIV+ and 117 HIV- women were enrolled. HIV+ women were significantly more likely to be African-American. There were no significant differences in drug use, types of sexual partners, number of paying partners, attitudes regarding condoms, or STI diagnoses. HIV+ women were less likely to engage in unprotected sex compared with HIV- women (56% vs. 75%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.99). Among HIV+ women, unprotected sex was negatively associated with stronger beliefs regarding the protective value of condoms (AOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.67) and concurrent injection-drug use (AOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Although the majority of crack using HIV+ crack using women in this sample continued to engage in high-risk sexual activities, they were less likely to do so than HIV- women. Interventions targeting this population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toye H Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Peters RJ, Williams M, Ross MW, Atkinson J, Yacoubian GS. Codeine Cough Syrup Use Among African-American Crack Cocaine Users. J Psychoactive Drugs 2007; 39:97-102. [PMID: 17523589 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2007.10399868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
While studies show evidence of a clear problem with the prevalence of crack cocaine and codeine cough syrup use separately, the relationship between these substances of abuse and concurrent polydrug use is unknown. In an attempt to ascertain beyond anecdotal evidence, the authors carried out a cross-sectional study among 482 African-American crack users to investigate the differences between those who were concurrently codeine cough syrup users and those who were not codeine cough syrup users in Houston, Texas. Logistic regression indicated that codeine use was significantly associated with lower participant age and lower education; codeine cough syrup users were significantly more likely than nonusers to not have a main sexual partner. In addition, codeine users had significantly higher odds of ever trading sex for money, marijuana use, and fry use. These findings are important in determining the "cultural novelties" relative to crack and codeine use among younger African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Peters
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Williams ML, McCurdy SA, Atkinson JS, Kilonzo GP, Leshabari MT, Ross MW. Differences in HIV risk behaviors by gender in a sample of Tanzanian injection drug users. AIDS Behav 2007; 11:137-44. [PMID: 17004117 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in drug use and sexual behaviors among from 237 male and 123 female heroin users in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Multivariate models of risk of needle sharing were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Men were significantly older, more likely to inject only white heroin, share needles, and give or lend used needles to other injectors. Women were more likely to be living on the streets, have injected brown heroin, have had sex, have had a higher number of sex partners, and have used a condom with the most recent sex partner. Being male and earning less than US $46 in the past month were significant predictors of increased risk of needle sharing. Despite differences in sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behaviors by gender, both male and female injectors in Dar es Salaam exhibit elevated risk of HIV infection associated with drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 2516, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Williams ML, Bowen AM, Timpson SC, Ross MW, Atkinson JS. HIV prevention and street-based male sex workers: an evaluation of brief interventions. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2006; 18:204-15. [PMID: 16774463 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and the comparative efficacy of brief HIV risk reduction interventions to increase condom use during paid anal sex by street-based male sex workers (MSWs). Of the 399 street-based MSWs who participated in the evaluation of acceptability, 112 participated in the evaluation of efficacy. Acceptability was evaluated by assessing completion rates. Intervention efficacy was assessed across two brief interventions, a "standard" and a "standard-plus" interventions. The primary outcome of concern was condom use during paid anal sexual encounters. In addition to this variable, changes in drug use, needle use, condom use beliefs, and condom use intention were also assessed. Results showed that almost two thirds of MSWs enrolled in a brief intervention completed it. Completion rates varied by age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and HIV status. Condom use during paid anal sex increased postintervention. In addition, condom use intentions, positive condom use outcome expectations, and condom use normative expectations increased preintervention to postintervention. However, there were no significant differences between the standard and the standard-plus brief interventions in any of the outcomes measured. Brief interventions to reduce the HIV risks are acceptable to MSWs and are efficacious for reducing unprotected anal sex during paid sexual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, USA.
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Process Evaluation Results from a Condom Use Intervention with Substance Abusers in Treatment. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2005. [DOI: 10.1300/j020v23n01_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
This study sought to determine whether drug-using male sex workers (MSWs) spatially bridge sexual networks across cities and to determine whether the behaviors of MSWs who bridge differ from the behaviors of those who do not. Data were collected from 42 MSWs in Houston, Texas, between May 2003 and February 2004. Spatial bridging was defined as having traded sex for money in another city before traveling to and trading in Houston. Cities bridged by MSWs were geographically plotted and were primarily located in the Gulf Coast and in Florida. Slightly less than half of MSWs were identified as spatially bridging from one city to another. A significantly higher proportion of MSWs who bridged cities were homosexual (55% vs. 23%) and HIV positive (31% vs. 5%). Those who bridged cities used marijuana and injected drugs more frequently and had significantly more male sex partners than MSWs who did not bridge cities. Despite the small sample size, this study found that many drug-using MSWs spatially bridge sexual networks in cities where they trade sex for money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Williams
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, San Antonio Regional Campus, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7976, San Antonio, TX 78284-7976, USA.
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Sterk CE, Klein H, Elifson KW. Predictors of Condom-Related Attitudes among At-Risk Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2004; 13:676-88. [PMID: 15333282 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes toward using male condoms tend to be associated with higher rates of sexual risk. Little has been written about the factors that influence women's attitudes toward condom use, and this has implications for HIV intervention efforts. METHODS Two hundred fifty adult women considered to be at risk based on demographic and family characteristics and residing in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area were interviewed between August 1997 and August 2000. Street outreach efforts were used to identify potential study participants, with further expansion of the sample done via targeted sampling and ethnographic mapping procedures. RESULTS Women held ambivalent to weakly positive attitudes toward condoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that five factors were associated with a greater frequency of engaging in seven specific types of sexual activities known to be associated with HIV transmission: condom-related attitudes (negative condom attitudes), marital status (being married vs. other marital status classification), religiosity (lesser), childhood physical abuse (greater), and the amount of illegal drug use (greater). Four significant predictors of condom attitudes were also identified: age (better condom attitudes among younger women), childhood neglect (more conductive condom attitudes among nonneglected women), self-esteem (more self-esteem = more favorable condom attitudes), and the number of drug problems experienced (more drug problems = more negative condom attitudes). CONCLUSIONS The more negative at-risk women's attitudes were regarding condom use, the more often they tended to engage in risky sex. Specific backgrounds and characteristics of the women were associated with greater/lesser condom use. To increase condom use, programs should consider targeting specific types of women as well as their specific attitudes toward condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Sterk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Dévieux J, Malow R, Stein JA, Jennings TE, Lucenko BA, Averhart C, Kalichman S. Impulsivity and HIV risk among adjudicated alcohol- and other drug-abusing adolescent offenders. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2002; 14:24-35. [PMID: 12413190 PMCID: PMC2602755 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.14.7.24.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although impulsivity is likely to be related to HIV risk--particularly in incarcerated substance-abusing youth--this area of research has been understudied. To investigate the relationship between impulsivity and various HIV/AIDS risk behaviors and attitudes, a sample of court-referred and incarcerated culturally diverse inner-city adolescents (males: N = 266; females: N = 111) were divided into high and low impulsive groups based on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory Impulsivity Scale. Findings showed that compared to the less impulsive group, the highly impulsive adolescents reported more frequent marijuana and alcohol use in the last 3 months as well as a significantly higher proportion of unprotected sex when high on alcohol and marijuana, higher perceived susceptibility to HIV, more AIDS-related anxiety, greater HIV knowledge, less sexual self-efficacy, and less favorable sexual attitudes. Implications for interventions among incarcerated youth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Dévieux
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, FL 33136, USA
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