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Bates AJ, Mitteldorf D, Rosser BRS, Wheldon CW, Polter EJ, Ross MW, Talley KMC, Haggart R, Wright MM, West W, Konety BR. Military service and health-related quality of life among gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors: Results from the Restore -2 study. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002649. [PMID: 38548328 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are notable disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between gay and bisexual men (GBM) and heterosexual patients with prostate cancer (PCa); however, the role of past military service is unclear. This study examines HRQOL differences in GBM PCa survivors based on reported military service history. METHODS We used data from the 24-month follow-up survey of the Restore-2 study, a clinical trial which evaluated a rehabilitation programme for GBM PCa survivors. PCa HRQOL was assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-50) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Prostate (FACT-P). Mental health quality of life was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) scale, while sexual functioning was measured using the Sexual Minorities and Prostate Cancer Scale (SMACS). Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted mean differences in HRQOL between GBM with and without a reported history of military service. RESULTS In this cross-sectional study of 351 GBM PCa survivors, 47 (13.4%) reported a history of US military service. After adjusting for covariates, participants who reported a history of military service (compared with those with no military service) had clinically better scores on the FACT-P physical, social and emotional well-being domains, as well as higher total FACT-General, EPIC urinary bother and hormonal function scores. Additionally, men with a history of military service reported significantly fewer sexual problems, more sexual confidence and less urinary incontinence in sex. CONCLUSION This exploratory study provides the first evidence that GBM PCa survivors with a military background may have clinically better outcomes than those without military service. Potential reasons may include the structured support and healthcare access associated with military service, fostering resilience and well-being. These findings underscore the need for further research to elucidate how military service influences PCa HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Bates
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Mitteldorf
- Malecare Cancer Support, New York, New York, USA
| | - B R S Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - C W Wheldon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E J Polter
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M W Ross
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K M C Talley
- Adult and Gerontological Health, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Haggart
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M M Wright
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - W West
- Department of Writing Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - B R Konety
- Allina Health Cancer Institute, Allina Health System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Ross MW, Smith RKW, Smith JJ. Anabolic effects of acellular bone marrow, platelet rich plasma, and serum on equine suspensory ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the response of suspensory ligament fibroblasts (SLF) to in vitro stimulation using acellular bone marrow (ABM), platelet rich plasma (in vitro PRP), and serum as potential treatment modalities for suspensory desmitis. Blood, bone marrow, and suspensory ligaments were collected from five horses. SLF were harvested, grown until confluent, and stimulated with various concentrations of ABM, PRP, equine serum, foetal bovine serum, and medium (control). The responses to the treatments were assessed using a combination of radiolabeling for total protein synthesis and an ELISA for quantification of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) production. Addition of all of the samples resulted in significant increases in COMP and total protein synthesis over controls (P<0.001). ABM caused the greatest increase in both COMP and total protein synthesis by the SLF. Equine ABM, PRP, and serum contain anabolic factors that promote matrix synthesis by SLF in vitro, with ABM having the greatest effect. Application of bone marrow to injured ligaments may enhance healing by providing anabolic factors, other than or in addition to mesenchymal stem cells, which stimulate matrix production.
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Ross MW, Leshabari S, Rosser BRS, Trent M, Mgopa L, Wadley J, Kohli N, Agardh A. Evaluation of an assessment instrument for a sexual health curriculum for nurses and midwifery students in Tanzania: The sexual health education for professionals scale (SHEPS). Appl Nurs Res 2018; 40:152-156. [PMID: 29579491 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the structure and content of a new scale, the SHEPS, to assess change in sexual health confidence, knowledge and attitudes in nursing and midwifery students following an intervention (a 2-day standardized workshop on sexual health). Students were 78 Tanzanian nursing and midwifery students attending a University of Health Sciences, who were assessed immediately before and after the workshop on matched pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. Data confirmed significant changed pre- and post-test on knowledge and confidence on topics taught in the workshop, with the effect also extending to some topics not or minimally covered, suggesting that there was a general increase in confidence and a perception of increased knowledge following the workshop. There was power to detect differences even with a moderate sized matched sample. Correlations between knowledge and confidence on the same content items were between 0.52 and 0.63, suggesting that respondents could clearly distinguish between knowledge and confidence. There were no significant differences pre- and post-test on several controversial cultural and religious attitudes including on abortion and non-vaginal penetrative sex. Alpha coefficients were 0.93 for pre-test and 0.90 for post-test. This field test demonstrates the preliminary appropriateness of the SHEPS as a tool for evaluating sexual health interventions in health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1300 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - S Leshabari
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - B R S Rosser
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - M Trent
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, #2064, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - L Mgopa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - J Wadley
- Department of Counseling and Human Services, Lincoln University, 1570 Baltimore Pike, PA 19352, USA
| | - N Kohli
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - A Agardh
- Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Zaag AS, Yazidi O, Jaidane NE, Ross MW, Castleman AW, Al Mogren MM, Linguerri R, Hochlaf M. Structure, Reactivity, and Fragmentation of Small Multi-Charged Methane Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1669-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sanaa Zaag
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - O. Yazidi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N.-E. Jaidane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M. W. Ross
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M. M. Al Mogren
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty
of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Linguerri
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
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Machine EM, Gillespie SL, Homedes N, Ross MW, Selwyn BJ, Anabwani GM, Kline MW. P17.22 Providers’ perceptions of the causes of loss to follow-up of hiv-infected children in botswana. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Machine EM, Gillespie SL, Homedes N, Selwyn B, Ross MW, Anabwani G, Schutze G, Kline M. P17.21 Failure to engage as key factor of loss to follow-up from care and treatment among hiv-infected children in botswana: a case-control study. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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MacKinnon MC, Bonder D, Boston RC, Ross MW. Analysis of stress fractures associated with lameness in Thoroughbred flat racehorses training on different track surfaces undergoing nuclear scintigraphic examination. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:296-301. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Bonder
- Toronto Equine Hospital; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - R. C. Boston
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - M. W. Ross
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
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Ross MW, Kajubi P, Mandel JS, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Internalized homonegativity/homophobia is associated with HIV-risk behaviours among Ugandan gay and bisexual men. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 24:409-13. [PMID: 23970711 DOI: 10.1177/0956462412472793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship of internalized homonegativity/homophobia (IH) to sexual risk behaviours among 216 Ugandan gay and bisexual men, using the 7-item IH scale previously developed on this population. IH was significantly associated with unprotected anal intercourse, and more so with unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Higher IH was also associated with more sex while intoxicated. There was a strong association between anal intercourse of any type and IH, suggesting a complex relationship between anal sex and identification with, or internalization of, homonegativity/homophobia. Specifically, it may be the anal component of sex rather than the sex with another man that is seen as labeling one as homosexual or stigmatizing. Those men who stated that they engaged in sex with other men for love, rather than for the physical feeling or for money, had higher IH scores. These data suggest that there may be an interactive relationship between IH and sexual behaviour, with greater internalization being associated with more stereotypically gay activities, which in turn may lead to more self-identification as gay and thus greater susceptibility to internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas, PO Box 20036, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Tomlinson JE, Johnson AL, Ross MW, Engiles JB, Levine DG, Wisner WA, Sweeney RW. Successful detection and removal of a functional parathyroid adenoma in a pony using technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:687-92. [PMID: 24417704 PMCID: PMC4858011 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J E Tomlinson
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA
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Huang L, Nehl EJ, Lin L, Meng G, Liu Q, Ross MW, Wong FY. Sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics of an online MSM sample in Guangdong, China. AIDS Care 2013; 26:648-52. [PMID: 24124988 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.844760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Public health research and interventions often assume that men who have sex with men (MSM) who use the Internet in China have similar characteristics to those in Western countries, though with little empirical evidence. This study aimed to describe and examine the sociodemographic and basic sexual behavioral characteristics of an online sample of MSM in Guangdong, China. In 2010, a total of 1100 MSM were recruited from an lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)-oriented website and were asked about their sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics. The majority of the participants (77.9%) self-identified as homosexual, and the mean age was 30.0 years (SD = 6.7). About 80% of the participants had attained a college degree and only 4.8% were unemployed. About 60% had a monthly salary of more than CNY 3000 (476 USD), and more than 10% were married. The majority (71.7%) had used condoms in the last anal sex. Nearly half of the participants have never been tested for HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (47.3% and 47.7%, respectively). More than 80% were willing to be contacted by researchers after the survey. Findings indicate that the sociodemographic characteristics of Chinese MSM who use the Internet are relatively similar to those in the Western countries. However, Chinese MSM are less likely to self-identify as homosexual and be tested for HIV and other STIs than Western MSM. On a positive note, Chinese MSM would be likely to engage in e-technology research showing potential feasibility of an online HIV/STI intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- a GZTZ.ORG (XQ Solutions) , Guangzhou , PR China
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11
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Nyitray AG, Ross MW, Wilkerson M, Villa LL, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR. P3.134 The Age-Specific Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) Antibodies Among Men with Gender-Fixed and Gender-Fluid Sexual Behaviour: The HIM Study. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Berg RC, Tikkanen R, Ross MW. Barebacking among men who have sex with men recruited through a Swedish website: associations with sexual activities at last sexual encounter. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20438. [PMID: 23557973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The research topic of barebacking emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, a multitude of studies, largely from the United States, have produced invaluable knowledge of factors that help explain the behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM), and that may contribute to HIV risk reduction programming and advice to counsellors working with barebackers. Given the scant empirical research about barebacking among European MSM, we conducted a survey among 3,634 MSM recruited through a web community in Nordic countries. The objectives of the study were twofold: to describe the sexual activities associated with barebacking behaviour at last sexual encounter, and to evaluate the relationship of barebacking with relevant variables. Men who reported barebacking (n=356) and men who did not (n=3,278) were compared. On the basis of the results of the analyses, the socio-sexual profile of barebackers drawn was one that is at increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections due to their sexual practices, particularly unprotected anal intercourse, but also group sex and rimming. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for MSM who reported more frequent HIV testing (odds ratio (OR)=5.16), a higher number of female sex partners (OR=16.80), using gay cruising places (OR=1.51) and gay chat rooms (OR=2.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Berg
- The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Berg RC, Tikkanen R, Ross MW. Barebacking among men who have sex with men recruited through a Swedish website: associations with sexual activities at last sexual encounter. Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.13.20438-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The research topic of barebacking emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, a multitude of studies, largely from the United States, have produced invaluable knowledge of factors that help explain the behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM), and that may contribute to HIV risk reduction programming and advice to counsellors working with barebackers. Given the scant empirical research about barebacking among European MSM, we conducted a survey among 3,634 MSM recruited through a web community in Nordic countries. The objectives of the study were twofold: to describe the sexual activities associated with barebacking behaviour at last sexual encounter, and to evaluate the relationship of barebacking with relevant variables. Men who reported barebacking (n=356) and men who did not (n=3,278) were compared. On the basis of the results of the analyses, the socio-sexual profile of barebackers drawn was one that is at increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections due to their sexual practices, particularly unprotected anal intercourse, but also group sex and rimming. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for MSM who reported more frequent HIV testing (odds ratio (OR)=5.16), a higher number of female sex partners (OR=16.80), using gay cruising places (OR=1.51) and gay chat rooms (OR=2.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Berg
- The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Tikkanen
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M W Ross
- University of Texas, Houston, United States of America
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Underwood C, van Eps AW, Ross MW, Laverman P, van Bloois L, Storm G, Schaer TP. Intravenous technetium-99m labelled PEG-liposomes in horses: a safety and biodistribution study. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:196-202. [PMID: 21696436 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Liposomes are phospholipid nanoparticles that extravasate at sites of increased vascular permeability. They have potential in equine medicine for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic imaging of infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the safety and biodistribution of i.v. polyethyleneglycol(PEG) liposomes in normal horses. METHODS PEG-liposomes were prepared by the film hydration method and labelled using (99m) Tc-hexamethyl-propylene-amine-oxime. A single dose of 0.24 µmol/kg bwt (99m) Tc-PEG-liposomes and 2.4 µmol/kg bwt unlabelled PEG-liposomes was administered to 10 conscious horses via i.v. infusion at a rate of 6 µmol/min for the first 15 min and 60 µmol/min thereafter. Clinical parameters, haematology, plasma biochemistry and serum complement activity were monitored serially. Scintigraphic imaging was performed at 1, 12 and 21 h post infusion (PI). Six horses were subjected to euthanasia at 24 h PI. The percentage injected dose per kilogram of tissue was calculated for multiple organs. Results were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Horses did not demonstrate adverse reactions during or after liposome infusion. There was a significant elevation in heart rate and respiratory rate at 20 and 25 min PI. No significant complement consumption was detected, although a trend for decreased total haemolytic complement values at 20 min PI was present. Scintigraphic studies revealed a prolonged vascular phase that lasted to 21 h PI, with a reproducible pattern of organ distribution. Biodistribution studies revealed the highest concentrations of radiopharmaceutical within the lung, kidney, liver and spleen. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous liposome administration appears to be safe in horses. When administered in combination with PEG-liposomes, (99m) Tc-PEG-liposomes have long circulating characteristics and a reproducible pattern of organ distribution in horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Radiolabelled liposomes may be useful for detecting infection, inflammation and neoplasia in the horse. Liposomes have significant potential for targeted drug delivery in the horse. This study establishes the scintigraphic findings and tissue distribution of 99mTc-PEG-liposomes after i.v. administration in healthy horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Underwood
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, PA, USA.
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Brites V, Franzreb K, Harvey JN, Sayres SG, Ross MW, Blumling DE, Castleman AW, Hochlaf M. Oxygen-containing gas-phase diatomic trications and tetracations: ReOz+, NbOz+ and HfOz+ (z = 3, 4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15233-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21566c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ross MW, Rosser BRS, Stanton J. Beliefs about cybersex and Internet-mediated sex of Latino men who have Internet sex with men: relationships with sexual practices in cybersex and in real life. AIDS Care 2010; 16:1002-11. [PMID: 15511732 DOI: 10.1080/09540120412331292444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cybersex (engaging in sexual self-stimulation while online with another person) and meeting partners for sex are commonly reported among men who have Internet sex with men (MISM). We studied 1,026 Latino MISM in the US and constructed a scale to measure beliefs about cybersex. Respondents were recruited to an online Internet study and compensated for their effort. Factor analysis indicated that there were three dimensions: (1) liking cybersex: perceived anonymity and safety of cybersex; (2) potential for greater IRL interaction in seeking partners on the Internet; and (3) a dimension of negative beliefs about Internet contacts which was not psychometrically stable. Safety referred to physical and HIV-related safety. We formed two scales to describe the first two dimensions. Respondents who were high on the 'liking cybersex: perceived anonymity and safety' scale were more likely than low scorers to use chat-rooms and webcams. They were also more likely than low scorers to have had cybersex and phone sex before meeting. Those who were high on the 'IRL interaction' scale were more likely than low scorers to use e-mail, bulletin boards and paid websites. However, there was significantly less disclosure about HIV status and discussion about safer sex by those higher on the 'IRL interaction scale', and when sex in real life did occur, those higher on the 'IRL interaction' scale were more likely to have receptive oral or anal sex, whereas those high on the 'liking cybersex: perceived anonymity/safety' scale were less likely to have insertive sex or be drunk/high. MISM scoring high on the 'IRL interaction' scale were significantly more likely than low scorers to prefer to meet partners on the Internet. We discuss the implications of the Internet for MSM and for sexual IRL interactions in the Internet age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Kamiru HN, Ross MW, Bartholomew LK, McCurdy SA, Kline MW. Effectiveness of a training program to increase the capacity of health care providers to provide HIV/AIDS care and treatment in Swaziland. AIDS Care 2010; 21:1463-70. [PMID: 20024725 DOI: 10.1080/09540120902883093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of HIV care and treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa is a complex undertaking that requires training of health care providers (HCPs). Many sub-Saharan African countries have introduced training programs to build human resources for health. Evaluation of the ongoing trainings is warranted so that programs can be improved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative's (BIPAI) HCP training program in Swaziland. The specific aims were: (1) to assess coverage and delivery of the training program; and (2) to determine the impact of the training program on HCPs' knowledge about HIV and pediatric practices, attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients, and self-efficacy to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART). The evaluation was a multimethod design with two types of data collection and analysis: (1) one-group pretest-posttest survey with 101 HCPs; and (2) semi-structured in-depth interviews with seven trainers from Baylor College of Medicine and 16 local HCPs in Swaziland. Quantitative data were analyzed using Stata Statistical Software version 8.2 for descriptive and multivariate analysis while factor analysis was done using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 14. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a didactic approach. Process evaluation showed that the training had good coverage, was delivered as intended, and improved as the work progressed. The training program led to a significant increase (p=0.0000) in HCPs' knowledge about HIV/AIDS, ART, and relevant clinical pediatrics practices between pretest (mean 68.7% SD 13.7) and post training (mean 84.0% SD 12.0). The training program also increased trainees' self-efficacy to provide ART and their attitudes toward AIDS patients (p=0.0000 and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, BIPAI training program in Swaziland had good coverage of all health care facilities and HCPs in Swaziland. The training was effective in imparting knowledge and skills to HCPs and in their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Kamiru
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland.
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Ross MW, Freedman B, Brew R. Changes in sexual behaviour between 1986 and 1988 in matched samples of homosexually active men. Community Health Stud 2010; 13:276-80. [PMID: 2605899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1989.tb00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Matched samples of homosexually active men were obtained using identical sampling methods in a city of one million people in 1986 and 1988. Data indicated that reported sexual behaviours had significantly changed in the direction of safer sex, particularly oral sex without ejaculation, anal sex with a condom (both insertive and receptive), which increased in frequency, and analingual and digitoanal receptive practices, wet kissing, and anal receptive intercourse generally, which decreased. Reported sources of education for both samples were primarily gay media and gay organisations. These data, with some caveats concerning design and comparability of samples, suggest that behavioural change in the appropriate direction has occurred in homosexually active men, and that gay organisations and media have been perceived as the most common source of information on safer sex in this population.
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Ross MW, Bell AC. Perceptions of AIDS: a pilot comparison with views of other selected disorders and their implications for further research. Community Health Stud 2010; 13:220-6. [PMID: 2776417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1989.tb00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Smith MA, Walmsley JP, Phillips TJ, Pinchbeck GL, Booth TM, Greet TRC, Richardson DW, Ross MW, Schramme MC, Singer ER, Smith RK, Clegg PD. Effect of age at presentation on outcome following arthroscopic debridement of subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle: 85 horses (1993-2003). Equine Vet J 2010; 37:175-80. [PMID: 15779633 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054223741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle (SCMFC) are well documented in horses < or =3 years; arthroscopic debridement or enucleation of the cyst is currently the surgical treatment of choice. However, studies of occurence and outcome following surgery in older horses are lacking. OBJECTIVE To identify factors important in outcome for horses with SCMFC treated by arthroscopic debridement. HYPOTHESIS Age of horse at presentation has a significant influence on return to work following arthroscopic treatment for SCMFC. Clinical and diagnostic findings are also significant with respect to prognosis. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records from 6 equine referral centres identified 85 horses that underwent arthroscopic debridement of SCMFC. Clinical examination, radiographic and arthroscopic findings were analysed together with follow-up data. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors affecting return to soundness. Event-time analysis was performed to evaluate return to work. RESULTS Older horses (>3 years) were less likely to return to soundness (P = 0.02) or to work (P = 0.04) than younger horses (< or = 3 years). Of 39 horses age 0-3 years, 25 (64%, 95% CI 49-79%) returned to soundness. Of 46 horses age >3 years, 16 (35%,95% CI 21-49%) returned to soundness. In addition, cartilage damage at sites other than the SCMFC negatively affected prognosis (P = 0.05). The hospital where treatment was performed had no influence on return to soundness. CONCLUSIONS Older horses carry a worse prognosis for both return to soundness and return to work. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE It is important for clients to be made aware of the difference in outcome between age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK
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Damani R, Ross MW, Aral SO, Berman S, St Lawrence J, Williams ML. Emotional intimacy predicts condom use: findings in a group at high sexually transmitted disease risk. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:761-4. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. The study was a gonorrhoea case-comparison study with the samples being drawn from public health clinics (cases) and select bars/nightclubs (places) of Houston, TX ( n = 215). Data were collected by questionnaires administered on a laptop computer. The majority of respondents were African-American (97.7%), women (69.3%) and had either high school or GED education (72.6%). Condom use with the last sexual partner was analysed along with intimacy with that partner assessed on a 3-point scale. Analysis showed that higher intimacy was related to greater condom use which was significant in men but not in women. In conclusion, these data were opposite to those of previous studies, which showed an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. We hypothesize that in a high-risk environment, people exert more effort in protecting those they feel closer to. These data suggest a need to further explore the complex relationship between emotional intimacy and condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Damani
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, PO Box 20036, Houston TX 772250, USA
| | - M W Ross
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, PO Box 20036, Houston TX 772250, USA
| | - S O Aral
- Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - S Berman
- Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | - M L Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, PO Box 20036, Houston TX 772250, USA
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Abstract
We investigated levels of equipment sharing in injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia, in two consecutive samples recruited in a non-treatment setting using similar methodology in 1989 (n = 1,245) and 1990 (n = 550). Comparison between the two waves of the study indicated that there were consistent and major reductions in percentage of time used equipment was re-used, and number of people from whom used equipment had been accepted. There was a corresponding significant and major increase in use of sterile injection equipment, obtained more frequently in the second sample from needle and syringe exchanges. The proportion of respondents reporting they had never shared equipment rose significantly. These data suggest that there is a continuing increase in the adoption of safer injecting practices and utilisation of needle and syringe exchanges over time in response to the threat of HIV transmission in injecting drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, 345 Crown Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010
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Abstract
One thousand two hundred and forty-five Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs) were interviewed by questionnaire in 1989 to determine demographic and behavioural characteristics. One-sixth (16.7%) were considered to be at low risk of HIV from either needle sharing or sexual transmission as they had either never shared injecting equipment, or had not shared for years, or cleaned their injecting equipment effectively on 100% of the occasions when they did share; and were either celibate or monogamous or, if they had multiple partners, had not had unsafe sex in the previous 6 months. Over half (50.7%) had either unsafe injecting or sexual behaviour with the remaining third (32.6%) engaging in both unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Women were more at risk from sharing injection equipment than men but men were more at risk from sexual transmission than women. Increasing age was associated with greater likelihood of safer sex but age had no effect on injecting practises. There was no relationship between unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Amphetamine use was associated with low risk injecting practises while heroin use was associated with low risk sexual transmission. These findings indicate appreciable residual risk behaviour sufficient to allow for at least a slow diffusion of HIV among injecting drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wodak
- Drug and Alcohol Services, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
This paper reports on the incidence of unsafe injecting and the factors which influence this practice in a sample of 1245 Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs). Using a needle and syringe after someone else at some time in the last six months was reported in 41.6% of the sample. Taking into account those who claimed always to clean used needles with virucidal methods, 32.9% had placed themselves at risk of HIV infection from shared needles in the six months prior to interview.Seven factors were predictive of unsafe behaviour. These were (a) the amount spent per week on drugs, (b) the number of times a single needle was used prior to disposal, (c) having shared with a person who is now HIV infected, (d) having a regular sexual partner, (e) the proportion of times high, stoned or drunk when injecting, (f) being part of a group that injects together and (g) having been in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Crisp
- School of Social Administration, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
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Langanke H, Ross MW. Web-based forums for clients of female sex workers: development of a German internet approach to HIV/STD-related sexual safety. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:4-8. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clients of sex workers in Germany used to be unapproachable for issues of sexual health. Thus, prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases used to focus on sex workers only, even though many sex workers accuse clients preferring unprotected sex. When prostitution was decriminalized in Germany in 2002, a till then unknown platform emerged on the German internet. Clients set up forums for themselves and their peers. These community forums were primarily meant to serve as platforms for the exchange of information, e.g. on the quality of services. We describe the development and expansion of these web-sites for clients of female commercial sex workers, and the clientele and operation of such sites. To study and to describe the sites, a close cooperation with their webmasters and administrators was crucial. The clients' community forums mark a change in paradigm, as clients became an accessible and addressable target group for sexual health and prevention issues on the internet. The Sexsicher sites have been developed to adequately target this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M W Ross
- University of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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Pallonen UE, Williams ML, Timpson SC, Bowen A, Ross MW. Personal and partner measures in stages of consistent condom use among African-American heterosexual crack cocaine smokers. AIDS Care 2008; 20:205-13. [PMID: 18293131 DOI: 10.1080/09540120701513669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Participants' personal condom use measures and those of their last sex partner's were examined in five stages of change for consistent condom use among 449 urban sexually active, heterosexual, African-American crack smokers. The measures included participants' personal and their last sex partner's perceived responsibility, personal and perceived negative attitudes, and participants' self-efficacy to use condoms. The relationships between the measures and the stages were examined using analyses of variance and multivariate logistic regression. Over 90% of participants did not use condoms, consistently. Two-thirds of the inconsistent users were in the precontemplation stage. The rest were equally divided between the contemplation and preparation stages. Personal responsibility outperformed other measures in initial intention to become a regular condom user; partner's perceived responsibility dominated continued intention and actual consistent condom use. Negative attitudes and self-efficacies had strong relationships to the stages of consistent condom use in univariate analyses but these relationships became substantially weaker when the responsibility, attitude, and self-efficacy concepts were entered simultaneously into multivariate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- U E Pallonen
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, James Madison University, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
| | - T. C. DeVore
- Department of Chemistry, James Madison University, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
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Ross MW, Daneback K, Mansson SA, Berglund T, Tikkanen R. Reported sexually transmitted infections in Swedish Internet-using men and women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:696-703. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ngo AD, Ratliff EA, McCurdy SA, Ross MW, Markham C, Pham HTB. Health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections and HIV testing among female sex workers in Vietnam. AIDS Care 2008; 19:878-87. [PMID: 17712691 DOI: 10.1080/09540120601163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study was conducted to explore health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV testing among female sex workers (FSWs) in the cities of Hanoi and Da Nang, Vietnam. Data were gathered from in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation. Results suggest that women's decision to seek STI treatment and HIV testing is influenced by the complex interplay of personal risk perceptions, social relationships and community discourse. The women exhibited adequate knowledge of HIV while their knowledge of STIs was limited. They demonstrated high-risk perceptions of HIV, but they showed little concern for STIs. Most women sought treatment at pharmacies when they noticed symptoms of the genital tract. Their decision to seek care in health facilities and HIV testing was hampered by the high costs of treatment, judgmental attitudes of service providers, and a lack of information on testing services. Future interventions need to focus on strengthening knowledge of STIs and the STI-HIV association, and increasing awareness of HIV counselling and testing services. Training for STI service providers including pharmacies and private practitioners on sex-worker friendly and non-judgmental services and counselling skills should be emphasized to provide timely diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and to refer women to HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ngo
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Australia.
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Jenner F, Ross MW, Martin BB, Richardson DW. Scapulohumeral osteochondrosis. A retrospective study of 32 horses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21:406-412. [PMID: 19011703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the outcome of equine shoulder osteochondrosis (OC) with surgical or conservative treatment. METHODS Retrospective study of 32 horses, less than two years of age, with scapulohumeral joint (SHJ) OC. The lesion severity was graded based on measurements taken from lateromedial radiographs. Follow-up information was obtained from racing records or telephone conversations with owners. Successful outcome was defined as the ability of the horse to perform its intended use. RESULTS Sixteen of 32 horses were affected bilaterally (48 joints). Eleven of 16 horses with bilateral OC underwent arthroscopic surgery; five had bilateral arthroscopy, six had unilateral arthroscopy of the most severely affected joint. Eight of 16 horses with unilateral OC underwent arthroscopy. The overall outcome was 'poor'. Only 15.4% (4/26) of potential race horses started a race, whereas 67% (4/6) non-racehorses were 'sound' for the intended use. Statistical analysis evaluating the effect of breed on outcome showed a statistically significant difference. There were no significant interactions between outcome and gender, affected limb, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, treatment or severity of the radiographic lesion. However, radiographic lesion severity on the humerus and glenoid showed significant positive correlation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The overall poor prognosis for shoulder OC in young horses appears to be, in part, dependent on breed and intended use. There was not any difference in outcome between surgically and conservatively treated horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jenner
- Department of Surgery, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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Ross MW, Timpson SC, Williams ML, Bowen A. The impact of HIV-related interventions on HIV risk behavior in a community sample of African American crack cocaine users. AIDS Care 2007; 19:608-16. [PMID: 17505921 DOI: 10.1080/09540120600983989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While there are reports of the impact of specific interventions designed to reduce HIV drug and sexual risk behaviors, there are few reports of the impact of HIV interventions in a community-based sample. We report on baseline data from a sample of African American crack smokers who were about to participate in an intervention designed to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors. The majority were male (80%), single (70%) and homeless (52%). Data indicated that 29% of the sample had been in a previous HIV intervention in the past 12 months, the majority in a correctional setting or CBO program. There were few systematic demographic differences between the two groups. Those who had been in an intervention reported using male and female condoms significantly more frequently on all measures of condom use, had positive condom use outcome expectations for male condoms and higher affective and situational condom-related self-efficacy beliefs. These data suggest that, at a community level, the spectrum of HIV risk-reduction programs does produce a significant improvement in condom use and related cognitions, although there is a need to cover a greater proportion of the population. Previous exposure to interventions must be a critical covariate in assessing the impact of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas, TX 77030, USA.
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Ross MW, Timpson SC, Williams ML, Amos C, McCurdy S, Bowen AM, Kilonzo GP. Responsibility as a dimension of HIV prevention normative beliefs: measurement in three drug-using samples. AIDS Care 2007; 19:403-9. [PMID: 17453576 DOI: 10.1080/09540120600813780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The concept of responsibility was derived originally from principles of morality, as part of a network of rights, duties and obligations. HIV risk-related studies have suggested that a sense of responsibility for condom use to protect a partner is a potentially important predictor of condom use in drug-using populations. We created a four-item scale measuring Self responsibility to use condoms and Partner's responsibility to use condoms. Data were collected from three drug-using samples: crack smokers, HIV seropositive crack smokers in an intervention study in Houston, Texas, and Tanzanian heroin users in Dar es Salaam. Data indicated that the four responsibility items had high alpha coefficients in each sample, and that there were moderate to high intercorrelations between equivalent self and partner responsibility items. There were significant differences in scale scores between the crack smokers and the HIV positive crack smokers and the Tanzanian samples, but no significant differences between the HIV positive and Tanzanian samples. Comparing within the first crack-smoker sample those who were HIV positive and negative showed significant differences in the direction of higher beliefs in responsibility to use condoms in the HIV positive group. These data suggest that responsibility is measurable, holds similar psychometric properties across three samples differing in culture and HIV serostatus, and that condom use responsibility is conceptualized as a measure of general responsibility rather than as a reciprocal self/partner responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Abstract
The primary aims of this exploratory pilot study were (1) to determine the proportion of a sample of HIV-positive inmates utilizing primary care after recent release, and (2) to identify variables associated with utilization of primary care at the time of a post-release interview. Sixty HIV-positive, male and female state prison inmates were interviewed approximately three months prior to release, and 30 were interviewed again between seven and 21 days after release. Variables associated with having utilized primary care at the time of a post-release interview (chi(2) p-values < 0.20) included: taking anti-HIV medications at the time of release, no alcohol use since release, living in the same place as before incarceration and rating of housing situation as 'comfortable' or 'very comfortable'. For exploratory purposes, these variables were entered into a logistic regression model. The model correctly classified 80% of cases overall. Future studies are required to ascertain whether these results would obtain with a statistically adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Harzke
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, USA.
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McCurdy SA, Williams ML, Kilonzo GP, Ross MW, Leshabari MT. Heroin and HIV risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Youth hangouts, mageto and injecting practices. AIDS Care 2006; 17 Suppl 1:S65-76. [PMID: 16096119 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500120930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV risk through needle sharing is now an emerging phenomenon in Africa. This article describes the practices that heroin users are producing as they establish the rules and organization surrounding their drug use. Their practices and interactions reveal the ways that they become initiated into its use, how they progress to injecting, and the important role of local neighbourhood hangouts in facilitating this process. Their practices, interactions and narratives also provide insights into what may be the most appropriate HIV-prevention interventions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted during the months of February and July 2003 with 51 male and female injectors residing in 8 neighbourhoods in the Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Interviews were content coded and codes were collapsed into emergent themes around hangout places, initiation of heroin use, and progression to injecting. Interviews reveal that Dar es Salaam injectors begin smoking heroin in hangout areas with their friends, either because of peer pressure, desire, or trickery. One hangout place in particular, referred to as the 'geto' (ghetto) is the main place where the organization and rules governing heroin use are produced. Three main types of heroin 'ghettoes' are operating in Dar es Salaam. As users build a tolerance for the drug they move along a continuum of practices until they begin to inject. Injecting heroin is a comparatively recent practice in Africa and coincides with: (1) Tanzania transitioning to becoming a heroin consuming community; (2) the growing importance of youth culture; (3) the technical innovation of injecting practices and the introduction and ease of use of white heroin; and (4) heroin smokers, sniffers, and inhalers perceived need to escalate their use through a more effective and satisfying form of heroin ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McCurdy
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Nilsson Schönnesson L, Diamond PM, Ross MW, Williams M, Bratt G. Baseline predictors of three types of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence: A 2-year follow-up. AIDS Care 2006; 18:406-14. [PMID: 16809121 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500456631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of the study were to measure adherence with antiretroviral therapy to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions in a sample of patients with HIV infection in Stockholm, Sweden, over a 2-year period and identify baseline predictors of the three types of adherence. The study cohort consists of 144 patients who completed at least six out of seven follow-up self-reported adherence questionnaires. Baseline self-administrated questionnaire examined socio-demographics, medication-related, psychological, cognitive, and social context factors and self-reported adherence. Biomedical data were obtained through patients' medical records. Summary dose, schedule, and dietary instructions adherence scores provided outcome measures reflecting 100% adherence across all time points or not 100% adherence during at least one measurement period. A total of 61% maintained consistent full-dose adherence throughout baseline and all follow-up visits and equivalent proportion of 100% schedule adherence was 39%. Among patients with dietary instructions, 37% retained consistent adherence at all visits. Only schedule adherence was predicted by baseline data; perceived pressures from medical staff to take HIV medications (OR 0.51, p < .05), life stress (OR 0.13, p < .01), ART health concerns (OR 0.19, p < .01), and ART prolongs one's life (OR 0.39, p < .05) predicted reduced schedule adherence over time. Perceived medication pressures from those close to the patient (OR 1.76, p < .05), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (OR 1.07 p<.01), and adherence self-efficacy (OR 3.50, p < .05) predicted positive schedule adherence over time. These results clearly illustrate difficulties in sustaining ART adherent behaviour, in particular schedule and dietary restrictions, over time and thus emphasizes the importance of multiple periodic assessments of all three types of adherence. Interventions aimed at improving schedule adherence should in particular focus on psychological and cognitive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nilsson Schönnesson
- Department Karolinska Institute/South Hospital, Gay Men's Health Clinic, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nilsson Schönnesson L, Diamond PM, Ross MW, Williams M, Bratt G. Baseline predictors of three types of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence: a 2-year follow-up. AIDS Care 2006; 18:246-53. [PMID: 16546786 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500456631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of the study were to measure adherence with antiretroviral therapy to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions in a sample of patients with HIV infection in Stockholm, Sweden, over a 2-year period and identify baseline predictors of the three types of adherence. The study cohort consists of 144 patients who completed at least six out of seven follow-up self-reported adherence questionnaires. Baseline self-administrated questionnaire examined socio-demographics, medication-related, psychological, cognitive, and social context factors and self-reported adherence. Biomedical data were obtained through patients' medical records. Summary dose, schedule, and dietary instructions adherence scores provided outcome measures reflecting 100% adherence across all time points or not 100% adherence during at least one measurement period. A total of 61% maintained consistent full-dose adherence throughout baseline and all follow-up visits and equivalent proportion of 100% schedule adherence was 39%. Among patients with dietary instructions, 37% retained consistent adherence at all visits. Only schedule adherence was predicted by baseline data; perceived pressures from those close to the patient to take HIV medications (OR 0.51, p<.05), life stress (OR 0.13, p 0.009), ART health concerns (OR 0.19, p 0.003), and ART prolongs one's life (OR 0.39, p 0.04) predicted reduced schedule adherence over time. Perceived medication pressures from medical staff (OR 1.76, p<.05), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (OR 1.07 p<.01), and adherence self-efficacy (OR 3.50, p<.05) predicted positive schedule adherence over time. These results clearly illustrate difficulties in sustaining ART adherent behaviour, in particular schedule and dietary restrictions, over time and thus emphasizes the importance of multiple periodic assessments of all three types of adherence. Interventions aimed at improving schedule adherence should in particular focus on psychological and cognitive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nilsson Schönnesson
- Gay Men's Health Clinic, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Department Karolinska Institute/South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Smith JJ, Ross MW, Smith RKW. Anabolic effects of acellular bone marrow, platelet rich plasma, and serum on equine suspensory ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19:43-7. [PMID: 16594543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of suspensory ligament fibroblasts (SLF) to in vitro stimulation using acellular bone marrow (ABM), platelet rich plasma (in vitro PRP), and serum as potential treatment modalities for suspensory desmitis. Blood, bone marrow, and suspensory ligaments were collected from five horses. SLF were harvested, grown until confluent, and stimulated with various concentrations of ABM, PRP, equine serum, foetal bovine serum, and medium (control). The responses to the treatments were assessed using a combination of radio-labeling for total protein synthesis and an ELISA for quantification of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) production. Addition of all of the samples resulted in significant increases in COMP and total protein synthesis over controls (P<0.001). ABM caused the greatest increase in both COMP and total protein synthesis by the SLF. Equine ABM, PRP, and serum contain anabolic factors that promote matrix synthesis by SLF in vitro, with ABM having the greatest effect. Application of bone marrow to injured ligaments may enhance healing by providing anabolic factors, other than or in addition to mesenchymal stem cells, which stimulate matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA.
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Hamra M, Ross MW, Karuri K, Orrs M, D'Agostino A. The relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS-related stigma and beliefs and knowledge about care and support of people living with AIDS in families caring for HIV-infected children in Kenya. AIDS Care 2005; 17:911-22. [PMID: 16120508 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
At the end of 2001, AIDS-related deaths had left an estimated 900,000 living orphans in Kenya (UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiology fact sheet, Kenya report, 2004). Many of those orphans are also HIV+. In Eastern Kenya, the Lea Toto Kangemi Outreach Program provides support to families caring for HIV+ children, many of whom are orphaned or soon to be orphaned. A major challenge for these families is the stigma attached to the family. In 2003, the Kangemi Program conducted a household survey of client families. We examined markers of expressed stigma and the association between expressed stigma and other demographic and belief/knowledge domains. The focus of the present study was the specific belief/knowledge domain surrounding care/support of HIV+ persons. Our goal was to explore this domain in the Kangemi families and to examine its relationship to expressed stigma. We created an AIDS-related stigma scale from selected items in the household survey and cross-tabulated stigma scores with care/support knowledge items. We found significant associations between less expressed stigma and greater care/support knowledge. Our results have implications for interventions that reduce expressed stigma and/or improve quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (BCM335), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Selvan MS, Ross MW, Nagaraj S, Etzel CJ, Shete S. Perception among upper middle class adolescent in Bombay regarding sex and sexuality. Indian J Public Health 2005; 49:250-1. [PMID: 16479912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out among the adolescents in respect to their beliefs about sexual behavior and their intended decision with regard to engaging in sexual activity. Both male and female respondents indicated that they believe that individuals of their age should wait until they are older before engaging in sexual activity. However, there were significant differences between the responses of male and female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Selvan
- Dept. of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Little information exists regarding talus fractures in the horse and there have been no previously published case series of racehorses diagnosed with incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus. OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis, treatment and post injury performance of horses with incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus. METHODS Medical records of 11 racehorses (8 Standardbreds and 3 Thoroughbreds) admitted between January 1992 and January 1999 were reviewed. Subject details, anamnesis, results of lameness examination, radiographs and nuclear scintigraphic findings were evaluated. Racing performance was assessed by comparing pre- and post injury race records. RESULTS Nuclear scintigraphic examination, performed in 8 of the 11 horses, revealed focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the proximal aspect of the affected talus. Fractures could best be seen on dorsal 10-20 degrees lateral-plantaromedial oblique radiographs; all had raced pre-injury. All horses were treated conservatively and follow-up information was available for 8 horses, of which 7 raced after injury. Performance in 3 horses was improved, in 1 it was unchanged and in 3 horses performance declined. CONCLUSIONS Horses with incomplete fracture of the talus have a good prognosis for return to racing after conservative management. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus should be considered as a cause of hindlimb lameness in racehorses. Further research is necessary to determine the pathophysiology of these fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348-1692, USA
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Harzke AJ, Williams ML, Nilsson-Schönnesson L, Ross MW, Timpson S, Keel KB. Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral medications in a sample of HIV-positive African American drug users. AIDS Care 2004; 16:458-70. [PMID: 15203414 DOI: 10.1080/09540120410001683394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate factors affecting antiretroviral adherence among African American drug users, specifically to identify associations between self-reported adherence levels and psychosocial measures selected with guidance from the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC). The study was conducted using data collected from 137 HIV-positive African American drug users who were receiving antiretroviral medications at the time they were interviewed. Bivariate associations were investigated using correlational analyses and variables showing a significant correlation with adherence were entered into a multivariate regression model. The multivariate model showed only perceived efficacy of antiretrovirals and one measure of perceived barriers, simply forgetting to take medications, were independently related to adherence. These preliminary findings suggest that theoretical approaches to understanding antiretroviral adherence must address a range of variables, including but not limited to behavioural practices, cognitive appraisals, affective responses and social support. Further studies using the complete TMSC are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Harzke
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the impact of a small media campaign to reduce syphilis through testing, treatment, and condom use in two urban predominantly African-American communities with high syphilis rates. METHODS Data were collected from intervention and comparison zip codes using cross sectional street intercept interviews at baseline and 2 years later (n = 1630) following a small media syphilis prevention campaign with role model story posters, billboards, and other merchandise. Community businesses and a community based organisation served as partners, distributing condoms and small media. RESULTS Comparing intervention with comparison zip codes, there were significant increases in condom use in last sexual act, and some aspects of knowledge of syphilis. However, there was significant cross contamination of media impact, with respondents in the comparison zip code seeing an average of two media items compared with three in the intervention zip code. Media exposure was associated with significant increases in knowledge of syphilis, testing, and condom use. CONCLUSIONS Targeted community based small media interventions using community partners for distribution are effective in increasing syphilis knowledge, testing, and condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas, PO Box 20036, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Ross MW, Williams ML. Sexual behavior and illicit drug use. Annu Rev Sex Res 2003; 12:290-310. [PMID: 12666743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual behavior in drug users varies in association with the drug used, the drug subculture and setting, and the need to maintain the drug addiction. We review the literature on sexual behavior in drug-using subcultures, most of which centers on HIV risk reduction, and the drug-associated and economic pressures that influence sexual behavior. Most data available are on opioid (predominantly heroin) users and crack cocaine users. The recent phenomenon of the circuit party has led to investigation of the context in which drug use and sex have become the focus of large gay-oriented parties over long weekends. Sexual behavior in association with drugs in Western societies is important for its role in the spread of sexually transmissible pathogens, as well as injection-related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ross
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston 77225, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Seco Diaz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Sports Medicine and Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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Ezedinachi ENU, Ross MW, Meremiku M, Essien EJ, Edem CB, Ekure E, Ita O. The impact of an intervention to change health workers' HIV/AIDS attitudes and knowledge in Nigeria: a controlled trial. Public Health 2002; 116:106-12. [PMID: 11961679 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ph.1900834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to improve health workers' skills and confidence in dealing with patients with HIV disease and increase attention to patients' human rights. A longitudinal controlled trial was carried out in which one Nigerian state served as the intervention site and the adjacent state served as the control site for an intervention and dissemination of training in clinical management, health education, and attitudinal change toward patients with HIV disease. The intervention group n=1072, control group n=480. Following initial questionnaire-defining focus groups, nurses, laboratory technologists and physicians in all base hospitals in the intervention state were trained by influential role models who attended the initial training. Data were collected in all sites pre-training and 1 y later. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis controlling for baseline data, and orthogonal factor analysis to define scales were used. Data showed significant positive changes after 1 y in the intervention group on perception of population risk assessment, attitudes and beliefs about people with HIV disease, less fear and more sympathy for and responsibility toward HIV patients, and an increase in self-perceived clinical skills. There was increased willingness to treat and teach colleagues about people with HIV. Clinician fear and discrimination were significantly reduced, and the climate of fear that was associated with HIV was replaced with a professional concern. There was increased understanding of appropriate psychosocial, clinical and human rights issues associated with HIV treatment and prevention. This intervention, targeting health workers in an entire state and using HIV/AIDS information, role modeling, diffusion of training and discussions of discrimination and human rights, significantly affected the perception of risk groups and behaviors, perceived skills in treatment and counseling, reduced fears and increased concern for people with HIV disease, and improved the climate of treatment and prevention of HIV disease compared with a control state.
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