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Pardhiya S, Gaharwar US, Parambil AM, Nirala JP, Rajamani P. Biocompatibility assessment of bovine serum albumin conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticle and their therapeutic role against microwave radiation induced haematological toxicity in male Wistar rats. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:194-216. [PMID: 38563404 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2333880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) radiations are widely used in communications, radar and medical treatment and thus human exposure to MW radiations have increased tremendously, raising health concerns as MW has been implicated in induction of oxidative stress condition in our body. Few metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to mimic the activity of antioxidant enzymes and hence can be applied for the modulation of adverse effects caused by MW. Present study aimed to assess the biocompatibility of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MNP*) and to counteract the impact of MW on the haematological system of male Wistar rats. Experiments were conducted in two sets. Set I involved biodistribution and antioxidant activity evaluation of MNP* at different doses. Results showed a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant potential and significant biodistribution in the liver, spleen, kidney, and testis, with no organ damage, indicating its biocompatibility. Experiment set II constituted the study of separate and combined effects of MW and MNP* on haematological parameters, oxidative status, and genotoxic study in the blood of rats. MW exposure significantly altered red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume percentage, monocyte percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid. MW also induced significant DNA damage in the blood. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was also observed in MW exposed group. However, these alterations were reduced significantly when MNP* was administered. Thus, MNP* showed biocompatibility and modulatory effects against MW-induced alterations in the haematological system of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pardhiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jay Prakash Nirala
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Jagetia GC. Genotoxic effects of electromagnetic field radiations from mobile phones. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113321. [PMID: 35508219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of wireless communication technology in mobile phones has revolutionized modern telecommunication and mobile phones have become so popular that their number exceeds the global population. Electromagnetic field radiations (EMR) are an integral part of wireless technology, which are emitted by mobile phones, mobile tower antennas, electric power stations, transmission lines, radars, microwave ovens, television sets, refrigerators, diagnostic, therapeutic, and other electronic devices. Manmade EMR sources have added to the existing burden of natural EMR human exposure arising from the Sun, cosmos, atmospheric discharges, and thunder storms. EMR including radiofrequency waves (RF) and extremely low-frequency radiation (ELF) has generated great interest as their short-term exposure causes headache, fatigue, tinnitus, concentration problems, depression, memory loss, skin irritation, sleep disorders, nausea, cardiovascular effects, chest pain, immunity, and hormonal disorders in humans, whereas long-term exposure to EMR leads to the development of cancer. The review has been written by collecting the information using various search engines including google scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct, EMF-portal, saferemr, and other websites from the internet. The main focus of this review is to delineate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of EMR in humans and mammals. Numerous investigations revealed that exposure in the range of 0-300 GHz EMR is harmless as it did not increase micronuclei and chromosome aberrations. On the contrary, several other studies have demonstrated that exposure to EMR is genotoxic and mutagenic as it increases the frequency of micronuclei, chromosome aberrations, DNA adducts, DNA single and double strand breaks at the molecular level in vitro and in vivo. The EMR exposure induces reactive oxygen species and changes the fidelity of genes involved in signal transduction, cytoskeleton formation, and cellular metabolism.
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Ioniţă E, Marcu A, Temelie M, Savu D, Şerbănescu M, Ciubotaru M. Radiofrequency EMF irradiation effects on pre-B lymphocytes undergoing somatic recombination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12651. [PMID: 34135382 PMCID: PMC8208969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense electromagnetic fields (EMFs) induce DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) in exposed lymphocytes.We study developing pre-B lymphocytes following V(D)J recombination at their Immunoglobulin light chain loci (IgL). Recombination physiologically induces DNA DSBs, and we tested if low doses of EMF irradiation affect this developmental stage. Recombining pre-B cells, were exposed for 48 h to low intensity EMFs (maximal radiative power density flux S of 9.5 µW/cm2 and electric field intensity 3 V/m) from waves of frequencies ranging from 720 to 1224 MHz. Irradiated pre-B cells show decreased levels of recombination, reduction which is dependent upon the power dose and most remarkably upon the frequency of the applied EMF. Although 50% recombination reduction cannot be obtained even for an S of 9.5 µW/cm2 in cells irradiated at 720 MHz, such an effect is reached in cells exposed to only 0.45 µW/cm2 power with 950 and 1000 MHz waves. A maximal four-fold recombination reduction was measured in cells exposed to 1000 MHz waves with S from 0.2 to 4.5 µW/cm2 displaying normal levels of γH2AX phosphorylated histone. Our findings show that developing B cells exposure to low intensity EMFs can affect the levels of production and diversity of their antibodies repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ioniţă
- Department of Physics of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania.,Department of Immunology, Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 72202, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelian Marcu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Physics of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Diana Savu
- Department of Physics of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihai Şerbănescu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihai Ciubotaru
- Department of Physics of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania. .,Department of Immunology, Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 72202, Bucharest, Romania.
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Halgamuge MN, Skafidas E, Davis D. A meta-analysis of in vitro exposures to weak radiofrequency radiation exposure from mobile phones (1990-2015). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109227. [PMID: 32199316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To function, mobile phone systems require transmitters that emit and receive radiofrequency signals over an extended geographical area exposing humans in all stages of development ranging from in-utero, early childhood, adolescents and adults. This study evaluates the question of the impact of radiofrequency radiation on living organisms in vitro studies. In this study, we abstract data from 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications (1990-2015) describing 1127 experimental observations in cell-based in vitro models. Our first analysis of these data found that out of 746 human cell experiments, 45.3% indicated cell changes, whereas 54.7% indicated no changes (p = 0.001). Realizing that there are profound distinctions between cell types in terms of age, rate of proliferation and apoptosis, and other characteristics and that RF signals can be characterized in terms of polarity, information content, frequency, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and power, we further refined our analysis to determine if there were some distinct properties of negative and positive findings associated with these specific characteristics. We further analyzed the data taking into account the cumulative effect (SAR × exposure time) to acquire the cumulative energy absorption of experiments due to radiofrequency exposure, which we believe, has not been fully considered previously. When the frequency of signals, length and type of exposure, and maturity, rate of growth (doubling time), apoptosis and other properties of individual cell types are considered, our results identify a number of potential non-thermal effects of radiofrequency fields that are restricted to a subset of specific faster-growing less differentiated cell types such as human spermatozoa (based on 19 reported experiments, p-value = 0.002) and human epithelial cells (based on 89 reported experiments, p-value < 0.0001). In contrast, for mature, differentiated adult cells of Glia (p = 0.001) and Glioblastoma (p < 0.0001) and adult human blood lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) there are no statistically significant differences for these more slowly reproducing cell lines. Thus, we show that RF induces significant changes in human cells (45.3%), and in faster-growing rat/mouse cell dataset (47.3%). In parallel with this finding, further analysis of faster-growing cells from other species (chicken, rabbit, pig, frog, snail) indicates that most undergo significant changes (74.4%) when exposed to RF. This study confirms observations from the REFLEX project, Belyaev and others that cellular response varies with signal properties. We concur that differentiation of cell type thus constitutes a critical piece of information and should be useful as a reference for many researchers planning additional studies. Sponsorship bias is also a factor that we did not take into account in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka N Halgamuge
- Department Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Department Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Devra Davis
- Environmental Health Trust, Teton Village, WY, 83025, USA
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Szymański Ł, Sobiczewska E, Cios A, Szymanski P, Ciepielak M, Stankiewicz W. Immunotropic effects in cultured human blood mononuclear cells exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated microwave field. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:27-33. [PMID: 31832654 PMCID: PMC6976861 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific biological effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) remains unknown even though devices present in our daily lives, such as smartphones and Wi-Fi antennae increase the environmental level of electromagnetic radiation. It is said that the human immune system is able to react to discrete environmental stimuli like EMF. To investigate the effect of 900 MHz microwave stimulation on the immune system our research aimed to analyze lymphocyte proliferation and observe and assess the basic immunoregulatory activities using a newly developed and improved anechoic chamber. Samples of mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from the blood of healthy donors were exposed to 900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation (20 V/m, SAR 0.024 W/kg) twice (15 min each) or left without irradiation (control group). Subsequently, the control and exposed cells were set up to determine several parameters characterizing T cell immunocompetence and monocyte immunogenic activity. Although the microcultures of PBMC exposed to radiofrequency radiation demonstrated higher immunogenic activity of monocytes (LM index) and T-cell response to concanavalin A than control cultures after first exposure, this parameter decreased after a second stimulation. Saturation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor rose significantly after the second day of exposure. On the other hand, response to mitogen dropped after EMF stimulation. The results suggest that PBMC are able to overcome stress caused by mitogens after stimulation with 900 MHz radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sobiczewska
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cios
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Corresponding Author: Zakład Ochrony Mikrofalowej WIHE, Budynek Izotopów, Szaserów 128, Warsaw, Poland. Tel: 22261817103;
| | - Pawel Szymanski
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Ciepielak
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Stankiewicz
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
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Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072103. [PMID: 30029554 PMCID: PMC6073444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of mobile phone use has raised questions regarding the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on oxidative stress and brain inflammation. Despite accumulative exposure of humans to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from mobile phones, their long-term effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the aging brain have not been studied. In the present study, middle-aged C57BL/6 mice (aged 14 months) were exposed to 1950 MHz electromagnetic fields for 8 months (specific absorption rate (SAR) 5 W/kg, 2 h/day, 5 d/week). Compared with those in the young group, levels of protein (3-nitro-tyrosine) and lipid (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in the brains of aged mice. In addition, levels of markers for DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, p53, p21, γH2AX, and Bax), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)), astrocyte (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1) were significantly elevated in the brains of aged mice. However, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in the aged mouse brains. Moreover, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice. Therefore, these findings indicate that long-term exposure to RF-EMF did not influence age-induced oxidative stress or neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice.
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Saliev T, Begimbetova D, Masoud AR, Matkarimov B. Biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields: Two sides of a coin. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 141:25-36. [PMID: 30030071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controversial, sensational and often contradictory scientific reports have triggered active debates over the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in literature and mass media the last few decades. This could lead to confusion and distraction, subsequently hampering the development of a univocal conclusion on the real hazards caused by EMFs on humans. For example, there are lots of publications indicating that EMF can induce apoptosis and DNA strand-breaks in cells. On the other hand, these effects could rather be beneficial, in that they could be effectively harnessed for treatment of various disorders, including cancer. This review discusses and analyzes the results of various in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies on the effects of non-ionizing EMFs on cells and organs, including the consequences of exposure to the low and high frequencies EM spectrum. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of recent data on the role of EMF in the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Additionally, the impact of EMF on the reproductive system has been discussed, as well as the relationship between EM radiation and blood cancer. Apart from adverse effects, the therapeutic potential of EMFs for clinical use in different pathologies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Saliev
- Kazakh National Medical University Named After S.D. Asfendiyarov, Tole Bi Street 94, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Matkarimov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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Franchini V, Regalbuto E, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Di Cristofaro S, Coluzzi E, Marinaccio J, Sgura A, Ceccuzzi S, Doria A, Gallerano GP, Giovenale E, Ravera GL, Bei R, Benvenuto M, Modesti A, Masuelli L, Lista F. Genotoxic Effects in Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Microwave Radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:126-139. [PMID: 29787439 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, technological development has led to an increasing use of devices and systems based on microwave radiation. The increased employment of these devices has elicited questions about the potential long-term health consequences associated with microwave radiation exposure. From this perspective, biological effects of microwave radiation have been the focus of many studies, but the reported scientific data are unclear and contradictory. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential genotoxic and cellular effects associated with in vitro exposure of human fetal and adult fibroblasts to microwave radiation at the frequency of 25 GHz. For this purpose, several genetic and biological end points were evaluated. Results obtained from comet assay, phosphorylation of H2AX histone, and antikinetochore antibody (CREST)-negative micronuclei frequency excluded direct DNA damage to human fetal and adult fibroblasts exposed to microwaves. No induction of apoptosis or changes in prosurvival signalling proteins were detected. Moreover, CREST analysis showed for both the cell lines an increase in the total number of micronuclei and centromere positive micronuclei in exposed samples, indicating aneuploidy induction due to chromosome loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Franchini
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Regalbuto
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Amicis
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Sanctis
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Cristofaro
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Coluzzi
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Marinaccio
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Ceccuzzi
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Gallerano
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Emilio Giovenale
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Ravera
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
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Akdag M, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Akdag MZ. Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:66-75. [PMID: 29667447 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1463246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effect of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones on DNA damage in follicle cells of hair in the ear canal. The study was carried out on 56 men (age range: 30-60 years old)in four treatment groups with n = 14 in each group. The groups were defined as follows: people who did not use a mobile phone (Control), people use mobile phones for 0-30 min/day (second group), people use mobile phones for 30-60 min/day (third group) and people use mobile phones for more than 60 min/day (fourth group). Ear canal hair follicle cells taken from the subjects were analyzed by the Comet Assay to determine DNA damages. The Comet Assay parameters measured were head length, tail length, comet length, percentage of head DNA, tail DNA percentage, tail moment, and Olive tail moment. Results of the study showed that DNA damage indicators were higher in the RFR exposure groups than in the control subjects. In addition, DNA damage increased with the daily duration of exposure. In conclusion, RFR emitted from mobile phones has a potential to produce DNA damage in follicle cells of hair in the ear canal. Therefore, mobile phone users have to pay more attention when using wireless phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akdag
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Medical School of Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- b Department of Biophysics , Medical School of Istanbul Medeniyet University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fazile Canturk
- c Department of Biophysics , Medical School of Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag
- d Department of Biophysics , Medical School of Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
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Danese E, Lippi G, Buonocore R, Benati M, Bovo C, Bonaguri C, Salvagno GL, Brocco G, Roggenbuck D, Montagnana M. Mobile phone radiofrequency exposure has no effect on DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in human lymphocytes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:272. [PMID: 28758098 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.04.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile phones has been associated with an increased risk of developing certain type of cancer, especially in long term users. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of mobile phone radiofrequency exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. METHODS The study population consisted in 14 healthy volunteers. After collection of two whole blood samples, the former was placed in a plastic rack, 1 cm from the chassis of a commercial mobile phone (900 MHz carrier frequency), which was activated by a 30-min call. The second blood sample was instead maintained far from mobile phones or other RF sources. The influence of mobile phone RF on DNA integrity was assessed by analyzing γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes using immunofluorescence staining kit on AKLIDES. RESULTS No measure of γ-H2AX foci was significantly influenced by mobile phone RF exposure, nor mobile phone exposure was associated with significant risk of genetic damages in vitro (odds ratio comprised between 0.27 and 1.00). CONCLUSIONS The results of this experimental study demonstrate that exposure of human lymphocytes to a conventional 900 MHz RF emitted by a commercial mobile phone for 30 min does not significantly impact DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ruggero Buonocore
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Benati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bovo
- Medical Direction, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonaguri
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Brocco
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University, Senftenberg, Germany and Medipan GmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany
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Evaluation of the potential of mobile phone specific electromagnetic fields (UMTS) to produce micronuclei in human glioblastoma cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:264-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Manna D, Ghosh R. Effect of radiofrequency radiation in cultured mammalian cells: A review. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:265-301. [PMID: 27053138 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of mobile phone related technologies will continue to increase in the foreseeable future worldwide. This has drawn attention to the probable interaction of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation with different biological targets. Studies have been conducted on various organisms to evaluate the alleged ill-effect on health. We have therefore attempted to review those work limited to in vitro cultured cells where irradiation conditions were well controlled. Different investigators have studied varied endpoints like DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cellular morphology and viability to weigh the genotoxic effect of such radiation by utilizing different frequencies and dose rates under various irradiation conditions that include continuous or pulsed exposures and also amplitude- or frequency-modulated waves. Cells adapt to change in their intra and extracellular environment from different chemical and physical stimuli through organized alterations in gene or protein expression that result in the induction of stress responses. Many studies have focused on such effects for risk estimations. Though the effects of microwave radiation on cells are often not pronounced, some investigators have therefore combined radiofrequency radiation with other physical or chemical agents to observe whether the effects of such agents were augmented or not. Such reports in cultured cellular systems have also included in this review. The findings from different workers have revealed that, effects were dependent on cell type and the endpoint selection. However, contradictory findings were also observed in same cell types with same assay, in such cases the specific absorption rate (SAR) values were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashri Manna
- a Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Rita Ghosh
- a Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
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Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Aggarwal NK, Kumar R, Gupta R. Effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms on Genetic Damage in Humans Populations Exposed to Radiation From Mobile Towers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:615-625. [PMID: 26238667 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
All over the world, people have been debating about associated health risks due to radiation from mobile phones and mobile towers. The carcinogenicity of this nonionizing radiation has been the greatest health concern associated with mobile towers exposure until recently. The objective of our study was to evaluate the genetic damage caused by radiation from mobile towers and to find an association between genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and DNA damage. In our study, 116 persons exposed to radiation from mobile towers and 106 control subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using alkaline comet assay in terms of tail moment (TM) value and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). There was a significant increase in BMN frequency and TM value in exposed subjects (3.65 ± 2.44 and 6.63 ± 2.32) compared with control subjects (1.23 ± 0.97 and 0.26 ± 0.27). However, there was no association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with the level of DNA damage in both exposed and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
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Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Karabulut D, Caner Y, Adalier N. Does prolonged radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi devices induce DNA damage in various tissues of rats? J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 75:116-22. [PMID: 26775760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) providers have become essential in our daily lives, as wireless technology is evolving at a dizzying pace. Although there are different frequency generators, one of the most commonly used Wi-Fi devices are 2.4GHz frequency generators. These devices are heavily used in all areas of life but the effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation emission on users is generally ignored. Yet, an increasing share of the public expresses concern on this issue. Therefore, this study intends to respond to the growing public concern. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether long term exposure of 2.4GHz frequency RF radiation will cause DNA damage of different tissues such as brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissue and testicular tissues of rats. The study was conducted on 16 adult male Wistar-Albino rats. The rats in the experimental group (n=8) were exposed to 2.4GHz frequency radiation for over a year. The rats in the sham control group (n=8) were subjected to the same experimental conditions except the Wi-Fi generator was turned off. After the exposure period was complete the possible DNA damage on the rat's brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was detected through the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet) method. The amount of DNA damage was measured as percentage tail DNA value. Based on the DNA damage results determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) method, it was found that the% tail DNA values of the brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissues of the rats in the experimental group increased more than those in the control group. The increase of the DNA damage in all tissues was not significant (p>0.05). However the increase of the DNA damage in rat testes tissue was significant (p<0.01). In conclusion, long-term exposure to 2.4GHz RF radiation (Wi-Fi) does not cause DNA damage of the organs investigated in this study except testes. The results of this study indicated that testes are more sensitive organ to RF radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fazile Canturk
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Caner
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Adalier
- Student, Medical School of Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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Zalata A, El-Samanoudy AZ, Shaalan D, El-Baiomy Y, Mostafa T. In vitro effect of cell phone radiation on motility, DNA fragmentation and clusterin gene expression in human sperm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:129-36. [PMID: 25918601 PMCID: PMC4410031 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Use of cellular phones emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic field
(RF-EMF) has been increased exponentially and become a part of everyday life. This
study aimed to investigate the effects of in vitro RF-EMF exposure emitted from cellular
phones on sperm motility index, sperm DNA fragmentation and seminal clusterin (CLU)
gene expression. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a total of 124 semen samples were
grouped into the following main categories: i. normozoospermia (N, n=26), ii. asthenozoospermia (A, n=32), iii. asthenoteratozoospermia (AT, n=31) and iv. oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT, n=35). The same semen samples were then divided into two portions non-exposed and exposed samples to cell phone radiation for 1 hour. Before and
immediately after exposure, both aliquots were subjected to different assessments for
sperm motility, acrosin activity, sperm DNA fragmentation and CLU gene expression.
Statistical differences were analyzed using paired t student test for comparisons between
two sub-groups where p<0.05 was set as significant. Results There was a significant decrease in sperm motility, sperm linear velocity,
sperm linearity index, and sperm acrosin activity, whereas there was a significant
increase in sperm DNA fragmentation percent, CLU gene expression and CLU protein levels in the exposed semen samples to RF-EMF compared with non-exposed
samples in OAT>AT>A>N groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion Cell phone emissions have a negative impact on exposed sperm motility index, sperm acrosin activity, sperm DNA fragmentation and seminal CLU gene expression,
especially in OAT cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zalata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Z El-Samanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Shaalan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef El-Baiomy
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Schmid G, Kuster N. The discrepancy between maximum in vitro exposure levels and realistic conservative exposure levels of mobile phones operating at 900/1800 MHz. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:133-48. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Kuster
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS); Zurich Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH); Zurich Switzerland
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Souza LDCM, Cerqueira EDMM, Meireles JRC. Assessment of nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated cells from the oral epithelium of mobile phone users. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:98-102. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.783856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Hekmat A, Saboury AA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The toxic effects of mobile phone radiofrequency (940 MHz) on the structure of calf thymus DNA. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 88:35-41. [PMID: 23164448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) including radiofrequency (RF) radiation have been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible biological effects of mobile phone RF (940 MHz, 15 V/m and SAR=40 mW/kg) on the structure of calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) immediately after exposure and 2 h after 45 min exposure via diverse range of spectroscopic instruments. The UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) experiments depict that mobile phone EMFs can remarkably cause disturbance on ct DNA structure. In addition, the DNA samples, immediately after exposure and 2 h after 45 min exposure, are relatively thermally unstable compared to the DNA solution, which was placed in a small shielded box (unexposed ct DNA). Furthermore, the exposed DNA samples (the DNA samples that were exposed to 940 MHz EMF) have more fluorescence emission when compared with the unexposed DNA, which may have occurred attributable to expansion of the exposed DNA structure. The results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential experiments demonstrate that RF-EMFs lead to increment in the surface charge and size of DNA. The structure of DNA immediately after exposure is not significantly different from the DNA sample 2 h after 45 min exposure. In other words, the EMF-induced conformational changes are irreversible. Collectively, our results reveal that 940 MHz can alter the structure of DNA. The displacement of electrons in DNA by EMFs may lead to conformational changes of DNA and DNA disaggregation. Results from this study could have an important implication on the health effects of RF-EMFs exposure. In addition, this finding could proffer a novel strategy for the development of next generation of mobile phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hekmat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Waldmann P, Bohnenberger S, Greinert R, Hermann-Then B, Heselich A, Klug SJ, Koenig J, Kuhr K, Kuster N, Merker M, Murbach M, Pollet D, Schadenboeck W, Scheidemann-Wesp U, Schwab B, Volkmer B, Weyer V, Blettner M. Influence of GSM Signals on Human Peripheral Lymphocytes: Study of Genotoxicity. Radiat Res 2013; 179:243-53. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2914.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Waldmann
- Incos Boté GmbH, D-55232 Alzey, Friedhofstrasse 6, Germany
| | - Susanne Bohnenberger
- Harlan Cytotest Cell Research GmbH Roßdorf, In den Leppsteinwiesen 19, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Greinert
- Dermatology Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbeklinikum Buxtehude, Am Krankenhaus 1, D-21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Beate Hermann-Then
- Harlan Cytotest Cell Research GmbH Roßdorf, In den Leppsteinwiesen 19, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anja Heselich
- University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschulstrasse 2, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefanie J. Klug
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, (IMBEI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem Koenig
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, (IMBEI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kuhr
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik, Informatik und Epidemiologie – IMSIE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, D-50923 Koeln, Germany
| | - Niels Kuster
- ITIS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, ch-8004 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Merker
- Harlan Cytotest Cell Research GmbH Roßdorf, In den Leppsteinwiesen 19, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Murbach
- ITIS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, ch-8004 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Pollet
- University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschulstrasse 2, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Scheidemann-Wesp
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, (IMBEI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Britt Schwab
- University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschulstrasse 2, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Beate Volkmer
- Dermatology Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbeklinikum Buxtehude, Am Krankenhaus 1, D-21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Veronika Weyer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, (IMBEI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, (IMBEI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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Genetic damage in human cells exposed to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields: A meta-analysis of the data from 88 publications (1990–2011). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Çam ST, Seyhan N. Single-strand DNA breaks in human hair root cells exposed to mobile phone radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:420-4. [PMID: 22348707 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.666005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the short-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure on genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of human hair root cells. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Hair samples were collected from eight healthy human subjects immediately before and after using a 900-MHz GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone for 15 and 30 min. Single-strand DNA breaks of hair root cells from the samples were determined using the 'comet assay'. RESULTS The data showed that talking on a mobile phone for 15 or 30 min significantly increased (p < 0.05) single-strand DNA breaks in cells of hair roots close to the phone. Comparing the 15-min and 30-min data using the paired t-test also showed that significantly more damages resulted after 30 min than after 15 min of phone use. CONCLUSIONS A short-term exposure (15 and 30 min) to RFR (900-MHz) from a mobile phone caused a significant increase in DNA single-strand breaks in human hair root cells located around the ear which is used for the phone calls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Tepe Çam
- Seyhan Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Biophysics Department, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Bourthoumieu S, Terro F, Leveque P, Collin A, Joubert V, Yardin C. Aneuploidy studies in human cells exposed in vitro to GSM-900 MHz radiofrequency radiation using FISH. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:400-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.542543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:231-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Verschaeve L, Juutilainen J, Lagroye I, Miyakoshi J, Saunders R, de Seze R, Tenforde T, van Rongen E, Veyret B, Xu Z. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of radiofrequency fields. Mutat Res 2010; 705:252-68. [PMID: 20955816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing concern about the possibility of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency radiations (RFR), such as those emitted by wireless communication devices. Since the introduction of mobile phones many studies have been conducted regarding alleged health effects but there is still some uncertainty and no definitive conclusions have been reached so far. Although thermal effects are well understood they are not of great concern as they are unlikely to result from the typical low-level RFR exposures. Concern rests essentially with the possibility that RFR-exposure may induce non-thermal and/or long-term health effects such as an increased cancer risk. Consequently, possible genetic effects have often been studied but with mixed results. In this paper we review the data on alleged RFR-induced genetic effects from in vitro and in vivo investigations as well as from human cytogenetic biomonitoring surveys. Attention is also paid to combined exposures of RFR with chemical or physical agents. Again, however, no entirely consistent picture emerges. Many of the positive studies may well be due to thermal exposures, but a few studies suggest that biological effects can be seen at low levels of exposure. Overall, however, the evidence for low-level genotoxic effects is very weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verschaeve
- O.D. Public Health & Surveillance, Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:1318-1325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Phillips J, Singh N, Lai H. Electromagnetic fields and DNA damage. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2009; 16:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Johansson O. Disturbance of the immune system by electromagnetic fields—A potentially underlying cause for cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could lead to disease and impairment. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2009; 16:157-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Tiwari R, Lakshmi NK, Surender V, Rajesh ADV, Bhargava SC, Ahuja YR. Combinative Exposure Effect of Radio Frequency Signals from CDMA Mobile Phones and Aphidicolin on DNA Integrity. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 27:418-25. [DOI: 10.1080/15368370802473554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Juutilainen J, Heikkinen P, Soikkeli H, Mäki-Paakkanen J. Micronucleus frequency in erythrocytes of mice after long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 83:213-20. [PMID: 17575948 DOI: 10.1080/09553000601169800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate genotoxicity of long-term exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields by measuring micronuclei in erythrocytes. The blood samples were collected in two animal studies evaluating possible cocarcinogenic effects of RF fields. METHODS In study A, female CBA/S mice were exposed for 78 weeks (1.5 h/d, 5 d/week) to either a continuous 902.5 MHz signal similar to that emitted by analog NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) phones at a whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.5 W/kg, or to a pulsed 902.4 MHz signal similar to that of digital GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) phones at 0.35 W/kg. A third group was sham-exposed, and a fourth group served as cage controls. All but the cage control animals were exposed to 4 Gy of x-rays during three first weeks of the experiment. In study B, female transgenic mice (line K2) and their nontransgenic littermates were exposed for 52 weeks (1.5 h/d, 5 d/week). Two digital mobile phone signals, GSM and DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), were used at 0.5 W/kg. All but the cage-control animals were exposed 3 times per week to an ultraviolet radiation dose of 1.2 MED (minimum erythema dose). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results did not show any effects of RF fields on micronucleus frequency in polychromatic or normochromatic erythrocytes. The results were consistent in two mouse strains (and in a transgenic variant of the second strain), after 52 or 78 weeks of exposure, at three SAR levels relevant to human exposure from mobile phones, and for three different mobile signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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31
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Zhijian C, Xiaoxue L, Yezhen L, Deqiang L, Shijie C, Lifen J, Jianlin L, Jiliang H. Influence of 1.8-GHz (GSM) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on DNA damage and repair induced by X-rays in human leukocytes in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 677:100-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sannino A, Di Costanzo G, Brescia F, Sarti M, Zeni O, Juutilainen J, Scarfì MR. Human Fibroblasts and 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation: Evaluation of DNA Damage after Exposure and Co-exposure to 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-Hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone (MX). Radiat Res 2009; 171:743-51. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1642.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Habash RWY, Elwood JM, Krewski D, Lotz WG, McNamee JP, Prato FS. Recent advances in research on radiofrequency fields and health: 2004-2007. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:250-288. [PMID: 20183523 DOI: 10.1080/10937400903094125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of wireless telecommunications devices, particularly mobile phones and wireless networks, has resulted in increased human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. Although national and international agencies have established safety guidelines for exposure to RF fields, concerns remain about the potential for adverse health outcomes to occur in relation to RF field exposure. The extensive literature on RF fields and health was reviewed by a number of authorities, including the Royal Society of Canada (1999). This report is the third in a series of updates to the original report of the Royal Society of Canada, covering the period 2004-2007. In particular, the present study examined new data on (1) dosimetry and exposure assessment, (2) biological effects of RF fields such as enzyme induction, and (3) toxicological effects, including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Epidemiological studies of the potential health effects of RF exposure, particularly from mobile phones, were determined, along with human and animal studies of neurological and behavioural effects. Within the last 4 yrs investigators concluded that there is no clear evidence of adverse health effects associated with RF fields, although continued research is recommended to address specific areas of concern, including exposure to RF fields among children using mobile phones. The results of the ongoing 13-country World Health Organization INTERPHONE study of mobile phones may provide important new information on the potential cancer risks associated with mobile phone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh W Y Habash
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Ruediger HW. Genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:89-102. [PMID: 19285841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
101 publications are exploited which have studied genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in vivo and in vitro. Of these 49 report a genotoxic effect and 42 do not. In addition, 8 studies failed to detect an influence on the genetic material, but showed that RF-EMF enhanced the genotoxic action of other chemical or physical agents. The controversial results may in part be explained by the different cellular systems. Moreover, inconsistencies may depend from the variety of analytical methods being used, which differ considerably with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Taking altogether there is ample evidence that RF-EMF can alter the genetic material of exposed cells in vivo and in vitro and in more than one way. This genotoxic action may be mediated by microthermal effects in cellular structures, formation of free radicals, or an interaction with DNA-repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Ruediger
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Berggasse 4/33, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:148-57. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Miyakoshi J. Cellular Biology Aspects of Mobile Phone Radiation. ADVANCES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN LIVING SYSTEMS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-92736-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schrader T, Münter K, Kleine-Ostmann T, Schmid E. Spindle disturbances in human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells induced by mobile communication frequency range signals. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:626-39. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Manti L, Braselmann H, Calabrese ML, Massa R, Pugliese M, Scampoli P, Sicignano G, Grossi G. Effects of Modulated Microwave Radiation at Cellular Telephone Frequency (1.95 GHz) on X-Ray-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Human LymphocytesIn Vitro. Radiat Res 2008; 169:575-83. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1044.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Deepinder F, Makker K, Agarwal A. Cell phones and male infertility: dissecting the relationship. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:266-70. [PMID: 17854521 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in the use of mobile phones in the past decade and concerns are growing about the possible hazardous effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic waves (EMW) emitted by these devices on human health. Preliminary studies, though with limitations in study design, suggest a possible link between cell phone use and infertility. A recent study found that use of cell phones adversely affects the quality of semen by decreasing the sperm counts, motility, viability and morphology. Evidence of detrimental effect of mobile phones on male fertility is still equivocal as studies have revealed a wide spectrum of possible effects ranging from insignificant effects to variable degrees of testicular damage. Although previous studies suggested a role of cell phone use in male infertility, the mode of action of EMW emitted from cell phones on the male reproductive system is still unclear. EMW can affect the reproductive system via an EMW-specific effect, thermal molecular effect or combination of both. Studies performed on human males are scarce and therefore further studies with a careful design are needed to determine the effect of cell phone use on male-fertilizing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Deepinder
- Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A19.1, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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