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Chen R, Xu B, Cheng H, Fang Q, Ma M, Qian L, Wan S, Xu S, Li Y, Zhang L, Xiang S. Enhanced interfacial effect via acid theory with boosted photocatalytic performance of nitenpyram removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141948. [PMID: 38604521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface reaction is a prominent aspect that affects the efficiency of photocatalysis. In this work, acid theory was employed to facilitate the reaction dynamics and enhance the interfacial effect between photocatalysts and target molecules. The photocatalytic removal efficiency of NTP was 66 % for bare CdS in 50 min with apparent rate constants of 0.023 compare to 96 % with apparent rate constants of 0.065 for 5% Ce-CdS. The introduced Ce atom as bifunctional active site reduces the energy barrier of O2 adsorption, strengthens the interfacial effect and accelerates the electrons transfer, which could facilitate surface reaction process and boost the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- School of Information Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR, China
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Minghai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Liping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Shunli Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Shengyou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Detection and Pollution Prevention, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, PR, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR, China.
| | - Shikai Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR, China.
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Sojithamporn P, Leksakul K, Sawangrat C, Charoenchai N, Boonyawan D. Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Water, Soil, and Food Products via Cold Plasma Technology. Foods 2023; 12:4386. [PMID: 38137190 PMCID: PMC10743213 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Water, soil, and food products contain pesticide residues. These residues result from excessive pesticides use, motivated by the fact that agricultural productivity can be increased by the use of these pesticides. The accumulation of these residues in the body can cause health problems, leading to food safety concerns. Cold plasma technology has been successfully employed in various applications, such as seed germination, bacterial inactivation, wound disinfection, surface sterilization, and pesticide degradation. In recent years, researchers have increasingly explored the effectiveness of cold plasma technology in the degradation of pesticide residues. Most studies have shown promising outcomes, encouraging further research and scaling-up for commercialization. This review summarizes the use of cold plasma as an emerging technology for pesticide degradation in terms of the plasma system and configuration. It also outlines the key findings in this area. The most frequently adopted plasma systems for each application are identified, and the mechanisms underlying pesticide degradation using cold plasma technology are discussed. The possible factors influencing pesticide degradation efficiency, challenges in research, and future trends are also discussed. This review demonstrates that despite the nascent nature of the technology, the use of cold plasma shows considerable potential in regards to pesticide residue degradation, particularly in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanumas Sojithamporn
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Komgrit Leksakul
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Choncharoen Sawangrat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Nivit Charoenchai
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Dheerawan Boonyawan
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Center (PBP), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Zheng J, Li W, Tang R, Xiong S, Gong D, Deng Y, Zhou Z, Li L, Su L, Yang L. Ultrafast photodegradation of nitenpyram by Ag/Ag 3PO 4/Zn-Al LDH composites activated by persulfate system: Removal efficiency, degradation pathway and reaction mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133431. [PMID: 34968516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an investigation is conducted into the degradation of nitenpyram (NTP) using highly efficient APMMO/PDS/Vis system. As photocatalysts, silver phosphate (AP) and calcined Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (MMO) exhibit high efficiency in achieving charge separation. Besides, the injection of electrons into peroxydisulfate (PDS) from the APMMO can contribute to obtaining the species in the active state with higher efficiency. Based on the APMMO/PDS/Vis system, 50 mg/L of nitenpyram (NTP, 50 mL) can be completely removed in 60 min using 0.8 g/L photocatalyst and 0.2 g/L PDS under the optimum condition and visible light (780 nm > λ > 420 nm). Meanwhile, as demonstrated under visible light within 30 min, an ultrahigh degradation efficiency can be achieved by NTP based on APMMO1/PDS/Vis system. Besides, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique and radical quenching experiments suggested 1O2, h+, SO4-•, •O2-, and •OH are all contributory to the removal of pollutants. Given the outcomes achieved by LC/MS system and mass spectrometry, the primary degradation intermediates of NTP end up being converted into photodegradation products (such as 2-Chloropyridine, 6-Chloropurine Riboside and dl-Leucine). Additionally, there are three potential photodegradation pathways to NTP degradation have been deployed. Moreover, the NTP light degradation occurring in APMMO1/PDS/Vis system is competent under the three types of real water sample. Accordingly, the high-efficiency APMMO1/PDS/Vis system is fit for use in water pollution control for agricultural productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfu Zheng
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Hunan Province Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of UrbanWater and Wastewater, Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Rongdi Tang
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sheng Xiong
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Daoxin Gong
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yaocheng Deng
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhanpeng Zhou
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Long Su
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Parvulescu VI, Epron F, Garcia H, Granger P. Recent Progress and Prospects in Catalytic Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2981-3121. [PMID: 34874709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Presently, conventional technologies in water treatment are not efficient enough to completely mineralize refractory water contaminants. In this context, the implementation of catalytic processes could be an alternative. Despite the advantages provided in terms of kinetics of transformation, selectivity, and energy saving, numerous attempts have not yet led to implementation at an industrial scale. This review examines investigations at different scales for which controversies and limitations must be solved to bridge the gap between fundamentals and practical developments. Particular attention has been paid to the development of solar-driven catalytic technologies and some other emerging processes, such as microwave assisted catalysis, plasma-catalytic processes, or biocatalytic remediation, taking into account their specific advantages and the drawbacks. Challenges for which a better understanding related to the complexity of the systems and the coexistence of various solid-liquid-gas interfaces have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile I Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 030016, Romania
| | - Florence Epron
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politencia de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascal Granger
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Zhou Z, Wu X, Lin Z, Pang S, Mishra S, Chen S. Biodegradation of fipronil: current state of mechanisms of biodegradation and future perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7695-7708. [PMID: 34586458 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenyl-pyrazole insecticide that is widely used in agriculture. However, in the environment, its residues are toxic to aquatic animals, crustaceans, bees, termites, rabbits, lizards, and humans, and it has been classified as a C carcinogen. Due to its residual environmental hazards, various effective approaches, such as adsorption, ozone oxidation, catalyst coupling, inorganic plasma degradation, and microbial degradation, have been developed. Biodegradation is deemed to be the most effective and environmentally friendly method, and several pure cultures of bacteria and fungi capable of degrading fipronil have been isolated and identified, including Streptomyces rochei, Paracoccus sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus spp., Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Aspergillus glaucus. The metabolic reactions of fipronil degradation appear to be the same in different bacteria and are mainly oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis. However, the enzymes and genes responsible for the degradation are somewhat different. The ligninolytic enzyme MnP, the cytochrome P450 enzyme, and esterase play key roles in different strains of bacteria and fungal. Many unanswered questions exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The genes and enzymes responsible for biodegradation remain largely unexplained, and biomolecular techniques need to be applied in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. In this review, we summarize the literature on the degradation of fipronil, focusing on biodegradation pathways and identifying the main knowledge gaps that currently exist in order to inform future research. KEY POINTS: • Biodegradation is a powerful tool for the removal of fipronil. • Oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis play key roles in the degradation of fipronil. • Possible biochemical pathways of fipronil in the environment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Dai ZL, Yang WL, Fan ZX, Guo L, Liu ZH, Dai YJ. Actinomycetes Rhodococcus ruber CGMCC 17550 degrades neonicotinoid insecticide nitenpyram via a novel hydroxylation pathway and remediates nitenpyram in surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128670. [PMID: 33109355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are neurotoxicants that cause serious environmental pollution and ecosystem risks. In the present study, a nitenpyram-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus ruber CGMCC 17550, was isolated from a nitenpyram production sewage treatment tank. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed R. ruber degraded nitenpyram via a novel hydroxylation pathway to form three different metabolites, one of which was confirmed to hydroxylate nitenpyram at the C3 site of the 6-chlorpyridine cycle by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The nitenpyram degradation rate increased as the biomass of resting R. ruber CGMCC 17550 cells increased, reaching 98.37% at an OD600 of 9 in transformation broth containing 100 mg L-1 nitenpyram after 72 h of incubation. Nitenpyram degradation by R. ruber CGMCC 17550 was insensitive to dissolved oxygen levels. Use of glucose, fructose and pyruvate as co-substrates slightly increased nitenpyram degradation. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole strongly inhibited nitenpyram degradation, indicating that P450 enzymes may mediate nitenpyram hydroxylation. Inoculation of R. ruber CGMCC 17550 enhanced nitenpyram degradation in surface water. Additionally, R. ruber cells immobilized by calcium-alginate remediated 87.11% of 100 mg L-1 NIT in 8 d. Genome sequencing analysis confirmed that R. ruber CGMCC 17550 has metabolic diversity and abundant KEGG genes involved in xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. These findings demonstrate that R. ruber CGMCC 17550 is capable of unique biodegradation of nitenpyram via the hydroxylation pathway and is a promising bacterium for bioremediation of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Long Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Xia Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Jun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Khan MSI, Lee NR, Ahn J, Kim JY, Kim JH, Kwon KH, Kim YJ. Degradation of different pesticides in water by microplasma: the roles of individual radicals and degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8296-8309. [PMID: 33058076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are emergent toxins often identified in aquatic environments. In the present study, microplasma was employed to reduce the pesticide content in water. The degradation efficacy, rate, and pathways of standard organophosphorus pesticides (namely, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxone, and diazinone) and an organochlorine pesticide (namely, DDT solution) were evaluated using microplasma. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to elucidate the degradation efficiency of pesticides as a function of plasma-produced substances that originally contributed to the main reduction procedure. Microplasma produces several types of radicals or reactive substances, for instance dissolved ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides, hydroxyl radicals (OH radicals), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal potential differs due to the existence or absence of varieties of plasma-produced substances. The functions of major plasma-produced species on pesticide removal were determined by a passive technique. Nitrogen oxides showed a key role in organophosphorus pesticide removal, whereas dissolved ozone and OH radicals played major roles in DDT degradation. HPLC data showed that plasma-induced pesticide removal showed first-order reaction kinetics. The pesticide removal pathways through microplasma were validated by investigating the achieved data from LC-MS and GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saiful Islam Khan
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ri Lee
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Ahn
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kwon
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Kim
- Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Qian C, Dai J, Tian Y, Duan Y, Li Y. Efficient degradation of Fipronil in water by microwave-induced argon plasma: Mechanism and degradation pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138487. [PMID: 32302848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil and its metabolites are potentially harmful to the ecological environment and have chronic neurotoxic effects, which makes it to be classified as class C carcinogens. Fipronil has been banned from agricultural use in China since 2009, but its residue remains in the environment. Therefore, an efficient and economical method is urgently needed to degrade fipronil residues in the environment. Herein, the degradation of fipronil in water solution using argon microwave-induced plasma (MIP) system was studied and a plausible reaction pathway was proposed in combination with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The degradation of fipronil by MIP system was optimized in terms of input power, plasma-sample distance, initial concentration and gas flow rate. After short time MIP treatment with an input power of 150 W, as high as 85.62% degradation efficiency was achieved for the fipronil at concentration of 20 mg·L--1 under the optimized conditions, and the corresponding energy efficiency was 1334.8 mg·kwh-1. Optical emission spectrometry (OES) was employed to characterize the distribution and intensity of OH, H and O species which play key roles in the degradation of fipronil by plasma, and it revealed that the degradation reaction mainly occurs at gas-liquid interface where the highest intensity of OH, H and O species was observed. High resolution mass spectrometric analysis in combination quantum chemical calculations indicate that a wide diversity of reaction processes occurred for fipronil degradation under MIP treatment, involving oxidation or reduction, nitro reduction, oxidative dichlorination, reductive dichlorination, hydration, dehydration and thiourea to urea. The possible degradation mechanism and pathways were proposed based on the degrading species identified by high resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and the thermodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yinjun Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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9
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Islam JB, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. Photocatalytic degradation of a typical neonicotinoid insecticide: nitenpyrum by ZnO nanoparticles under solar irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20446-20456. [PMID: 32246419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation and mineralization of the nitenpyrum [(E)-N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethyl-N'-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine], which is one of the most popular neonicotinoid insecticides, were conducted in the presence of ZnO photocatalyst under solar irradiation. An initial nitenpyrum concentration of 10 ppm was completely degraded in the presence of ZnO after 30 min irradiation, while only 70% degradation was observed in the absence of ZnO. The effect of different parameters, for example, amount of ZnO, initial pH, light intensity, reaction temperature, and irradiation time, on the photocatalytic degradation of nitenpyrum was also evaluated. The drop of total organic carbon (TOC) as a consequence of mineralization of nitenpyrum was observed during the photocatalytic process. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation followed a pseudo-first order law according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the rate constant is 0.140 min-1. CO2, chloride, and nitrate ions were observed as the end-products after completing degradation of nitenpyrum. The four kinds of intermediate products were identified by GC-MS during the decomposition of nitenpyrum. In order to investigate the degradation pathway of nitenpyrum, the point charge and frontier electron density at each atom on the molecule were determined using molecular orbital (MO) stimulation. The degradation mechanism was proposed, based on the identified intermediates. The solar photocatalytic degradation method can become an effective technique for the treatment of nitenpyrum-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahida Binte Islam
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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10
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Tang M, Ao Y, Wang P, Wang C. All-solid-state Z-scheme WO 3 nanorod/ZnIn 2S 4 composite photocatalysts for the effective degradation of nitenpyram under visible light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121713. [PMID: 31767501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A Z-scheme WO3/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst was synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Compared with pure WO3 and ZnIn2S4, photocatalytic experiments showed that these Z-scheme photocatalysts exhibited enhanced activity for the degradation of nitenpyram (NTP). The apparent rate constant (k) of NTP degradation on 50WZ (WO3/ 50 wt% Znln2S4) was 0.042 min-1 (∼3.8 times higher than WO3 and ∼2.5 times higher than ZnIn2S4). Photoluminescence (PL), photocurrent (PC), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers in 50WZ was markedly enhanced, which was favorable for improving its photocatalytic activity. Active species capture experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements showed that superoxide radicals and holes were the main active species for NTP degradation, and they confirmed the formation of the Z-scheme structure. Furthermore, a possible NTP degradation pathway was deduced based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
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11
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Zheng Y, Wu S, Dang J, Wang S, Liu Z, Fang J, Han P, Zhang J. Reduction of phoxim pesticide residues from grapes by atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma activated water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:98-105. [PMID: 31153118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel strategy, plasma activated water (PAW) to reduce pesticide residues on agricultural products. To validate its feasibility and effectiveness, we employee high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect phoxim on grapes. HPLC results suggest that the reduction of phoxim on grapes achieve 73.60% after treated 10 min by PAW prepared 30 min, and the concentration of phoxim decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the preparation time of PAW. Furthermore, HPLC-MS analysis shows that the reduction effect of phoxim by PAW is dominated by the degradation of phoxim. Combined with analyzing the physicochemical properties of PAW, one possible degradation pathway is proposed under the present experimental conditions, mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The acidic environment (pH < 3) and high oxidation capacity (ORP > 500 mV) are suggested to be a benefit to the reduction of phoxim. Besides, the experimental results regarding color, firmness, sugar, vitamin C, and superoxide dismutase of grapes demonstrate that the PAW treatment will not significantly affect the quality of grapes. In conclusion, phoxim pesticide residues on grapes could be effectively reduced by the PAW strategy and without a significant (p < 0.05) effect on grapes quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zheng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Songjie Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jie Dang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Shifang Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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12
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Wang J, Tanaka Y, Ohno H, Jia J, Mori T, Xiao T, Yan B, Kawagishi H, Hirai H. Biotransformation and detoxification of the neonicotinoid insecticides nitenpyram and dinotefuran by Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:856-862. [PMID: 31202138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have been widely used throughout the world over the last two decades. In the present study, we investigated the degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides nitenpyram (NIT) and dinotefuran (DIN) by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. While NIT was completely degraded by P. sordida YK-624 under ligninolytic conditions, only a 20% decrease was observed under nonligninolytic conditions. On the other hand, P. sordida YK-624 degraded 31% of DIN under ligninolytic conditions after a 20-day incubation, while it did not degrade DIN under nonligninolytic conditions. We found that cytochromes P450 played a key role in the biotransformation of NIT and DIN by P. sordida YK-624. A novel NIT metabolite (E)-N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-ethyl-N'-hydroxy acetimidamide (CPMHA) and a novel DIN metabolite N-((4aS,7aS,E)-1-methylhexahydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-ylidene)nitramide (PHPF) were identified in this study. In addition, to evaluate neurotoxicity, the effects of NIT, DIN and their metabolites on the viability of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y were determined. PHPF showed higher neurological toxicity than DIN, whereas the metabolite of NIT, CPMHA, showed no toxic effect. Our results indicated that the neurological toxicity of NIT could be effectively removed by P. sordida YK-624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Haruka Ohno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Toshio Mori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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13
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Muhammad N, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao YG, Ali A, Subhani Q, Mahmud T, Liu J, Cui H, Zhu Y. Determination of nitenpyram and 6-chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples by ion chromatography coupled with online photochemically induced fluorescence detector. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4096-4104. [PMID: 30230241 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective, sensitive, and quick method for the determination of nitenpyram and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples was developed by coupling an ion chromatograph with a fluorescence detector and a post-column photochemical reactor. This developed analytical method involved a rapid sample extraction by modified and miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method followed by isocratic ion chromatographic separation of nitenpyram and 6-chloronicotinic acid into an IonPac™ AS11-HC column protected by IonPac™ AG11A guard column by running 30 mM NaOH + 10% acetonitrile mobile phase. A homemade post-column photochemical reactor was also integrated with the ion chromatographic system for online transformation of both analytes into their respective highly fluorescent photoproduct in basic media without using an extra pump. The developed method was validated by following SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines on analytical quality control and validation procedures. The method showed a good linear response (r > 0.999), improved limit of detection (0.101-0.132 μg/L), minimum or no matrix effect, excellent recoveries (90.2-100.10%) and relative standard deviations were found to be ≤6.50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weixia Li
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qamar Subhani
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Higher Education Department, Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmud
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hairong Cui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Tadom D, Kamgang-Youbi G, Acayanka E, Njoyim-Tamungang E, Laminsi S. Reduction of sludge formed during a coagulation treatment of Ridomil Gold by means of non-thermal quenched plasma pre-treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:443. [PMID: 29959547 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical coagulation and adsorption, despite many drawbacks, are actually the main techniques used for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution; however, these techniques are becoming ineffective due to the exponential increase in the amount and complexity of discharged pollutants; thus, the sludge treatment process became a more complex challenge. The present study focuses on the way to reduce the quantity of sludge formed during the removal of Ridomil Gold, a widely used pesticide-fungicide in agriculture. Results revealed that pre-treatment of initial waste solution by the gliding arc (Glidarc), a source of non-thermal plasma, leads to a significant reduction of the sludge formed during the coagulation treatment. For a 20-min pre-treated effluent Glidarc followed by chemical coagulation, there was a reduction in the volume of sludge formed in the order of 90 and 80% for alum and ferric sulfate coagulants respectively without reducing the performance of pesticide removal. Therefore, there is a positive synergism between treatment by chemical coagulation and plasma treatment. These results suggest that the Glidarc can be an effective solution for the reduction of sludge obtained during treatment by coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doringar Tadom
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abéché, P.O. Box 130, Abéché, Chad
| | - Georges Kamgang-Youbi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Elie Acayanka
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Estella Njoyim-Tamungang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Laminsi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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15
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Elimination of diazinon insecticide from cucumber surface by atmospheric pressure air-dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Biointerphases 2016; 11:041007. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4971382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Li S, Xu Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Mu Q. Catalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with La/TiO2 in a dielectric barrier discharge system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the image of the possible degradation pathway of 4-chlorophenol and structures of the intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
| | - Yanjia Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Qinglin Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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17
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Hijosa-Valsero M, Molina R, Montràs A, Müller M, Bayona JM. Decontamination of waterborne chemical pollutants by using atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2014.990935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Herdrich G, Schmalzriedt S, Laufer R, Dropmann M, Gabrielli R. Inductively heated plasma waste treatment for energy recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1611-1617. [PMID: 24956751 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.875066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of a decentralized inductively heated plasma waste treatment system for energy recovery has been done. The modular miniaturized high enthalpy plasma source IPG6 is a reference for the system and has been qualified for inert but also chemically aggressive gas compositions. An identification and review of applications were undertaken. Niches of high environmental and societal importance are considered: hospital waste (threshold countries), shipboard waste and marine litter. The wastes are reviewed deriving relevant parameter for a system analysis aiming for the derivation of energy production and efficiencies. The system analysis shows advantageous constellation due to the wastes' energy leading to self-feeding systems.
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19
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Hijosa-Valsero M, Molina R, Bayona JM. Assessment of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor at atmospheric pressure for the removal of bisphenol A and tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1418-1426. [PMID: 24701940 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.869624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a laboratory-scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) nonthermal plasma reactor at atmospheric pressure was assessed for the removal of bisphenol A (1 mg L(-1)) and tributyltin (10 mg L(-1)) from aqueous solutions. The elimination of both the compounds followed an exponential decay equation, and a first-order degradation kinetics was proposed for them (k = 0.662 min(-1) for bisphenol A and k = 0.800 min(-1) for tributyltin), reaching in both cases about 96% removal after 5-min treatment. Accordingly, plasma DBD reactors could be used as alternative advanced oxidation technologies for the removal of some persistent and toxic pollutants from water and wastewater, although further research should be performed to evaluate the effluent toxicity.
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