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Famielec S, Malinowski M, Tomaszek K, Wolny-Koładka K, Krilek J. The effect of biological methods for MSW treatment on the physicochemical, microbiological and phytotoxic properties of used biofilter bed media. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 175:276-285. [PMID: 38232519 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Biofilters are commonly used in municipal solid waste treatment (MSW) facilities to remove odors and pollutants from process gases. However, the effectiveness of biofilter bed media decreases over time, necessitating periodic replacement. The type of the treatment process may affect the lifespan of the bed and the way it should be utilized after replacement. This study aimed to analyze the physical, chemical, calorific, microbiological, and phytotoxic parameters of bed media in biofilters operated at an industrial scale in MSW treatment plants. The experiments included three full cycles of biofiltering gases from biodrying, composting, and aerobic biostabilization in two variations. Physicochemical properties (moisture, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metal contents), respiration activity (AT4), phytotoxicity, and microorganism abundance were determined for initial materials and samples from two biofilter layers collected after each cycle. Results revealed a substantial reduction in AT4 (by 63%-87% compared to initial material), significant moisture content increase in the bottom layers (by 61% or more, depending on the process), and a considerable decrease in microorganism abundance. Biofilter bed media from biodrying and composting exhibited low environmental risk (low heavy metal concentrations, negligible phytotoxicity, and microbiological stability). However, bed packings from aerobic biostabilization processes showed significant inhibition of indicator plants and incomplete sanitization (presence of pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella spp.). Therefore, these bed packings can be utilized for energy recovery, such as incineration after drying. This research provides significant insights into the effectiveness and safety of biofilter bed media in MSW treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Famielec
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Tomaszek
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicz Ave 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Krilek
- Department of Environmental and Forestry Machinery, Faculty of Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka Street 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
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Parades-Aguilar J, Calderon K, Agustin-Salazar S, Cerruti P, Ambrogi V, Gamez-Meza N, Medina-Juarez LA. Isolation and identification of metallotolerant bacteria with a potential biotechnological application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3663. [PMID: 38351239 PMCID: PMC10864330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mining has led to severe environmental pollution in countries with exhaustive mining production and inadequate industrial waste regulation. Microorganisms in contaminated sites, like mine tailings, have adapted to high concentrations of heavy metals, developing the capacity of reducing or removing them from these environments. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly characterize bacteria present in these sites to find different ways of bioremediation. In this regard, in this study, an enrichment and isolation procedure were performed to isolate bacteria with lower nutritional requirements and high tolerance to Cu(II) and Fe(II) from two Sonoran River basin mining tails. Two Staphylococcus species and a Microbacterium ginsengisoli strain were isolated and identified from the San Felipe de Jesús mining tail. Also, three strains were isolated from the Nacozari de García mining tail: Burkholderia cenocepacia, Sphingomonas sp. and Staphylococcus warneri. Significant microbiological differences were found between the two sites. All these species exhibited tolerance up to 300 mg/L for Cu (II)-Fe (II) solutions, indicating their capacity to grow in these conditions. Moreover, a consortium of isolated bacteria was immobilized in two different biocomposites and the biocomposite with larger pore size achieved greater bacterial immobilization showcasing the potential of these bacteria in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parades-Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Entre Reforma y Sahuaripa, Edificio 7G, Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Kadiya Calderon
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Entre Reforma y Sahuaripa, Edificio 7G, Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Nohemi Gamez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Entre Reforma y Sahuaripa, Edificio 7G, Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Medina-Juarez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Entre Reforma y Sahuaripa, Edificio 7G, Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Dacewicz E, Lenart-Boroń A. Waste Polyurethane Foams as Biomass Carriers in the Treatment Process of Domestic Sewage with Increased Ammonium Nitrogen Content. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:619. [PMID: 36676355 PMCID: PMC9862140 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms of microbial growth on waste polyurethane sponge materials, their effectiveness as biomass carriers in domestic sewage with increased ammonium nitrogen content treatment was assessed. Comparative experiments were carried out in microreactors under steady conditions of batch culture, which allowed for an assessment of different carriers, in the form of flexible foams, rigid foams, and flexible foams placed in full casings. In the studies conducted in continuous cultures, biomass carriers selected in batch culture were used as fillings in the column model. The structure of the microbial community inhabiting the spongy material was determined and the pollutant-removing process from real domestic sewage was assessed. Analyzes using the Illumina sequencing technique allowed for demonstrating that Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the predominant nitrifiers in the biomass carrier in the form of waste polyurethane foams (PUF). It was found that anammox bacteria, the presence of which-as unidentified Planctomycetes-was confirmed in the polyurethane sponge material, were also responsible for the high removal of N-NH4+. Burkholderia and Sphingopyxis phyla were identified as the dominant denitrifying bacteria involved in the treatment of domestic sewage with increased content of ammonium nitrogen. The biomass carrier in the form of waste PUF placed additionally in full casings proved to be more beneficial for the proliferation of bacteria involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. On the other hand, waste foams without casings proved to be more suitable for the growth of microorganisms known to perform partial denitrification and may accumulate nitrites (Staphylococcus, Dokdonella). Additionally, the presence of Devosia and Pseudonocardia, which participated in the phosphorus removal process, was found in the waste PUR foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dacewicz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Lenart-Boroń
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Pachaiappan R, Cornejo-Ponce L, Rajendran R, Manavalan K, Femilaa Rajan V, Awad F. A review on biofiltration techniques: Recent advancements in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of polluted water. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8432-8477. [PMID: 35260028 PMCID: PMC9161908 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Good quality of water determines the healthy life of living beings on this earth. The cleanliness of water was interrupted by the pollutants emerging out of several human activities. Industrialization, urbanization, heavy population, and improper disposal of wastes are found to be the major reasons for the contamination of water. Globally, the inclusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals released by manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemical processes have created environmental issues. The toxic nature of these pollutants has led researchers, scientists, and industries to exhibit concern towards the complete eradication of them. In this scenario, the development of wastewater treatment methodologies at low cost and in an eco-friendly way had gained importance at the international level. Recently, bio-based technologies were considered for environmental remedies. Biofiltration based works have shown a significant result for the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of wastewater. This was done with several biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, yeasts, etc. The biofiltration technique is cost-effective, simple, biocompatible, sustainable, and eco-friendly compared to conventional techniques. This review article provides deep insight into biofiltration technologies engaged in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Pachaiappan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda.General Velasquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Lorena Cornejo-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda.General Velasquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Rathika Rajendran
- Department of Physics, A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu - 611001, India
| | - Kovendhan Manavalan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu - 603203, India
| | - Vincent Femilaa Rajan
- Department of Sustainable Energy Management, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai - 600086, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fathi Awad
- Department of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Morral E, Gabriel D, Dorado AD, Gamisans X. A review of biotechnologies for the abatement of ammonia emissions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128606. [PMID: 33139050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia emissions are found in a wide range of facilities such as wastewater treatment plants, composting plants, pig houses, as well as the fertilizer, food and metallurgy industries. Effective management of these emissions is important for minimizing the detrimental effects they can have on health and the environment. Physical-chemical (thermal oxidation, absorption, catalytic oxidation, etc.) treatments are the most common techniques for the abatement of ammonia emissions. However, the requirement for more eco-friendly techniques has increased interest in biological alternatives. Accordingly, several bio-based process configurations (biofilters, biotrickling filters and bioscrubbers) have been reported for ammonia abatement in a wide spectrum of conditions. Due to ammonia is a highly soluble compound, bioscrubber seems to be the best option for ammonia abatement. However, this technology is still not widely studied. The proper managements of the ammonia bio-oxidation sub-products is a key parameter for the correct operation of the process. The aim of this review is to critically examine the biotechnologies currently used for the treatment of ammonia gas emissions highlighting the pros and cons of each technology. The key parameters for each configuration used in both full-scale and lab-scale bioreactors are analyzed and summarized according to previous publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Morral
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain.
| | - David Gabriel
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio D Dorado
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain
| | - Xavier Gamisans
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain
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6
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Vela-Aparicio D, Forero DF, Hernández MA, Brandão PFB, Cabeza IO. Simultaneous biofiltration of H 2S and NH 3 using compost mixtures from lignocellulosic waste and chicken manure as packing material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24721-24730. [PMID: 32951172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration offers an efficient and economical alternative for the elimination of offensive odors caused by hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Considering that packing materials affect the performance and represent the main installation cost, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the biofiltration of H2S and NH3 comparing three composted mixtures made from chicken manure and lignocellulosic residues (pruning waste, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk) used as packing material. A range of gas concentrations similar to those of a municipal WWTP was used in the biofiltration of a contaminated stream performed on a laboratory scale. The results indicate that at low concentrations of H2S (6-36 ppm) and NH3 (0-1 ppm), the three biofilters showed 100% removal efficiency. Now, at the maximum levels of gas concentrations of H2S (250 ppm) and NH3 (19 ppm) while the removal efficiency of H2S remained higher than 90% in all cases, the removal efficiency of NH3 remained higher than 90% only in the sugarcane bagasse biofilter. Compost mixtures with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk are highly reliable as packing material for biofiltration at high concentration of H2S. Specifically, the sugarcane bagasse mixture had the highest removal efficiency (99% H2S and 95% NH3) and the highest elimination capacity (15 g H2S/m3h and 0.6 g NH3/m3h), making it a better option for the elimination of both gases. These results represent a contribution to the construction of a low-price elimination system of offensive odors in WTTPs and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vela-Aparicio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Daniel F Forero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Mario A Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad EAN, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Pedro F B Brandão
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Iván O Cabeza
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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7
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Han MF, Wang C, Yang NY, Li YF, Hu XR, Duan EH. Determination of filter bed structure characteristics and influence on performance of a 3D matrix biofilter in gaseous chlorobenzene treatment. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Sun Z, Ding C, Xi J, Lu L, Yang B. Enhancing biofilm formation in biofilters for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene removal by modifying the packing material surface. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 296:122335. [PMID: 31732413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) sponges are popular packing material in biofilters and their smooth and hydrophobic surface often leads to an uneven distribution and detachment of biofilms. In this work, the surface of PU sponge was modified to obtain higher roughness and positive charge. The performances of two biofilters (BF1 with pristine sponge and BF2 with modified sponge) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) removal were investigated. Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) removal efficiency and CO2 increment were 61% and 804 ppm for BF2 respectively after start-up, compared with 51% and 538 ppm for BF1. Analysis on biofilms showed that the modification of PU sponge significantly improved the microbial growth, viability and adhesive strength in biofilms, reduced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and changed the microbial community. These results demonstrate that modified sponge can enhance biofilm formation and BTEX removal in biofilters and may applied in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqiu Sun
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Jinying Xi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Lichao Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bairen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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Lelicińska-Serafin K, Rolewicz-Kalińska A, Manczarski P. VOC Removal Performance of a Joint Process Coupling Biofiltration and Membrane-Filtration Treating Food Industry Waste Gas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173009. [PMID: 31438480 PMCID: PMC6747148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficiency of removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process gases from a food industry plant in East Poland, producing high-quality animal (goose, duck, and pig) and vegetable fats, using a two-stage method which is a combination of biological purification and membrane-separation. The research, conducted on the semi-technical scale, compared the effects of traditional and two-stage biofiltration carried out under the same process conditions. The concentrations of VOCs in process gases were measured by means of a multi-gas detector. Additionally the temperature and humidity of gases were determined by a thermoanemometer under filter bed, following the EU and Polish National Standard Methods Two different types of filling materials (the mix of stumpwood chips and bark, and the mix of stumpwood chips, bark, and compost) and two types of membranes (three-layer semi-permeable membrane fabrics were used, with differences in air permeability and water tightness) were analyzed. During all processes basic operational parameters, the biofilters were controlled, including surface load, volumetric load, duration of gas contact with the filling layer, flow rate, and pressure drops (in the biofilter and on the membrane). The analyzed gases were characterized by very high variability of VOC concentrations (ranging from 350 ppb to 11,170 ppb). The effectiveness of VOC removal (REvoc) was calculated by comparing the analytical results of raw and purified gases. The effectiveness of VOC removal with the application of traditional biofiltration during the experiment varied between 82% to 97% and was related to different parameters of the filling materials (mainly specific surface and moisture), reaching lower value for the mix of stumpwood chips and bark filling. The obtained results showed that the application of membrane improved the efficiency of biofiltration in all the analysed cases from 7% to 9%. The highest effectiveness was obtained using the filter bed in the form of stumpwood chips, bark, and compost in connection with the more permeable membrane. It was maintained between 96% to 99%, reaching an average value of 98%. The selection of the membrane should be determined by its permeability and the values of flow resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rolewicz-Kalińska
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Manczarski
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
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Cheng Z, Feng K, Xu D, Kennes C, Chen J, Chen D, Zhang S, Ye J, Dionysiou DD. An innovative nutritional slow-release packing material with functional microorganisms for biofiltration: Characterization and performance evaluation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:16-26. [PMID: 30500694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The type of packing material for biofiltration has a great impact on microbial growth and pollutant removal. This study evaluated the feasibility of a nutritional slow-release packing material with functional microorganisms (NSRP-FM) in a biofilter for the removal of gaseous n-butyl acetate. Through the emulsification-cross linked process and microbial immobilization, an innovative packing material was obtained, with a specific surface area of 2.45 m2 g-1 and a bulk density of 40.75 kg m-3. The cumulative release rates of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were 90.6% and 75.6%, respectively, as measured while continuously spraying deionized water. To evaluate the performance of biofiltration, NSRP-FM was compared with the commercial polyurethane foam (PU-foam), in two identical biotrickling filters (BTFs). The BTF packed with the prepared NSRP-FM maintained a consistent removal efficiency (over 95%) without nutrients addition and pH adjustment. The other BTF had poor removal performance, and the removal efficiency declined to 65% when there was no pH adjustment. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of NSRP-FM showed that inorganic elements were released during the operation of BTF. The abundance of functional microorganisms suggested that the prepared NSRP-FM provided a better environment for microbial growth, despite changes in the operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Danhua Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of La Coruna, 15001, Spain
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiexu Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
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11
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Wu H, Yan H, Quan Y, Zhao H, Jiang N, Yin C. Recent progress and perspectives in biotrickling filters for VOCs and odorous gases treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:409-419. [PMID: 29883876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odorous pollutants in the air can produce severe environmental problems. In recent years, the emission control of VOCs and odorous pollutants has become a crucial issue owing to the adverse effect on humans and the environment. For treating these compounds, biotrickling filter (BTF) technology acts as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional air pollution control technologies. Besides, low concentration of VOCs and odorous pollutants can also be effectively removed using BTF systems. However, the VOCs and odorants removal performance by BTF may be limited by the hydrophobicity, toxicity, and low bioavailability of these pollutants. To solve these problems, this review summarizes the design, mechanism, and common analytical methods of recent BTF advances. In addition, the operating conditions, mass transfer, packing materials and microorganisms (which are the critical parameters in a BTF system) were evaluated and discussed in view of improving the removal performance of BTFs. Further research on these specific topics, together with the combination of BTF technology with other technologies, should improve the removal performance of BTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Huayu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yue Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Huazhang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nanzhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chengri Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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12
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Biodegradation of gaseous toluene with mixed microbial consortium in a biofilter: steady state and transient operation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Zhu Y, Li S, Luo Y, Ma H, Wang Y. A biofilter for treating toluene vapors: performance evaluation and microbial counts behavior. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2045. [PMID: 27231662 PMCID: PMC4878367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A lab-scale biofilter packed with mixed packing materials was used for degradation of toluene. Different empty bed residence times, 148.3, 74.2 and 49.4 s, were tested for inlet concentration ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 g/m3. The maximum elimination capacity of 36.0 g/(m3 h) occurred at an inlet loading rate of 45.9 g/(m3 h). The contribution of the lower layer was higher than other layers and always had the highest elimination capacity. The carbon dioxide production rate and distribution of micro-organisms followed toluene elimination capacities. The results of this study indicated that mixed packing materials could be considered as a potential biofilter carrier, with low pressure drop (less than 84.9 Pa/m), for treating air streams containing VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Shunyi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hongye Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Gopinath M, Mohanapriya C, Sivakumar K, Baskar G, Muthukumaran C, Dhanasekar R. Biodegradation of toluene vapor in coir based upflow packed bed reactor by Trichoderma asperellum isolate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4129-4137. [PMID: 25903193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new biofiltration system involving a selective microbial strain isolated from aerated municipal sewage water attached with coir as packing material was developed for toluene degradation. The selected fungal isolate was identified as Trichoderma asperellum by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing method, and pylogenetic tree was constructed using BLASTn search. Effect of various factors on growth and toluene degradation by newly isolated T. asperellum was studied in batch studies, and the optimum conditions were found to be pH 7.0, temperature 30 °C, and initial toluene concentration 1.5 (v/v)%. Continuous removal of gaseous toluene was monitored in upflow packed bed reactor (UFPBR) using T. asperellum. Effect of various parameters like column height, flow rate, and the inlet toluene concentration were studied to evaluate the performance of the biofilter. The maximum elimination capacity (257 g m(-3) h(-1)) was obtained with the packing height of 100 cm with the empty bed residence time of 5 min. Under these optimum conditions, the T. asperellum showed better toluene removal efficiency. Kinetic models have been developed for toluene degradation by T. asperellum using macrokinetic approach of the plug flow model incorporated with Monod model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 603 308, India.
| | - C Mohanapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 603 308, India
| | - K Sivakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 603 308, India
| | - G Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600 119, India
| | - C Muthukumaran
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641 013, India
| | - R Dhanasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608 002, India
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Cabrol L, Poly F, Malhautier L, Pommier T, Lerondelle C, Verstraete W, Lepeuple AS, Fanlo JL, Le Roux X. Management of Microbial Communities through Transient Disturbances Enhances the Functional Resilience of Nitrifying Gas-Biofilters to Future Disturbances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:338-48. [PMID: 26651080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities have a key role for the performance of engineered ecosystems such as waste gas biofilters. Maintaining constant performance despite fluctuating environmental conditions is of prime interest, but it is highly challenging because the mechanisms that drive the response of microbial communities to disturbances still have to be disentangled. Here we demonstrate that the bioprocess performance and stability can be improved and reinforced in the face of disturbances, through a rationally predefined strategy of microbial resource management (MRM). This strategy was experimentally validated in replicated pilot-scale nitrifying gas-biofilters, for the two steps of nitrification. The associated biological mechanisms were unraveled through analysis of functions, abundances and community compositions for the major actors of nitrification in these biofilters, that is, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrobacter-like nitrite-oxidizers (NOB). Our MRM strategy, based on the application of successive, transient perturbations of increasing intensity, enabled to steer the nitrifier community in a favorable way through the selection of more resistant AOB and NOB sharing functional gene sequences close to those of, respectively, Nitrosomonas eutropha and Nitrobacter hamburgensis that are well adapted to high N load. The induced community shifts resulted in significant enhancement of nitrification resilience capacity following the intense perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Cabrol
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d'Alès , Rue Jules Renard, 30100 Alès, France
- Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP76, 78600, Maisons Laffitte, France
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Avenida Brasil 2185, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Franck Poly
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 16, rue Raphael Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Luc Malhautier
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d'Alès , Rue Jules Renard, 30100 Alès, France
| | - Thomas Pommier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 16, rue Raphael Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Lerondelle
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 16, rue Raphael Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Willy Verstraete
- LabMET, Faculty Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure L 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Lepeuple
- Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP76, 78600, Maisons Laffitte, France
| | - Jean-Louis Fanlo
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d'Alès , Rue Jules Renard, 30100 Alès, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 16, rue Raphael Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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16
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Chen Y, Wang X, He S, Zhu S, Shen S. The performance of a two-layer biotrickling filter filled with new mixed packing materials for the removal of H2S from air. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 165:11-16. [PMID: 26397031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the work described here, a two-layer biotrickling filter filled with new packing materials was used to remove H2S from air. The upper layer of the filter was packed with activated carbon-loaded polyurethane, whereas the lower layer was filled with modified organism-suspended fillers. The effects of inlet load, empty bed residence time (EBRT) from 79 s to 53 s, pH and contaminant starvation time were investigated. For loads of 15-50 g/(m(3) h), the average removal efficiency (RE) was higher than 96% under a consistent supply of pollutants. The critical elimination capacity was 39.95 g/(m(3) h) for an EBRT of 53 s with an RE of 99.9%. The two-layer BTF was capable of withstanding contaminant starvation periods for 1.5 d and 7 d with only a few hours of recovery time. The biodegradation kinetics was studied using Michaelis-Menten type equations under different EBRTs. At an EBRT of 66 s, the optimal kinetic constants rmax and Km were 333.3 g/(m(3) h) and 0.93 g/m(3), respectively. During the operation, the two-layer BTF performed well under various reasonable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuo He
- The National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shemin Zhu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shubao Shen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Oliver JP, Schilling JS. Applying trait-function relationships for microbial plant decomposition to predict medium longevity in pollution control biofilters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2843-53. [PMID: 26590583 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilters, bioreactors used for pollution control, can effectively treat a variety of odorous and hazardous emissions, but uncertain medium longevities and associated costs limit biofilter adoption. To improve medium-life estimations for biofilter end-users, litter bags were used to compare decay rates of common biofilter medium types and test the effects of nitrogen (N) enrichment and livestock production emissions on medium decay in a full-scale biofilter over a 27-month period. Generally, "by-product" media (mulch, corn cobs) decayed faster than hardwood media, with decay of softwood media the slowest. Analysis showed nutrient content was the best predictor of early-stage decay, while carbon fractions and nutrient content best predicted medium longevity. N amendments and N-rich barn emissions were found to hasten medium decay. By identifying decay rates and rate predictors specific for biofilter media, we provide biofilter engineers and farmers with a quantitative way to improve medium selection based on the trade-offs between medium cost and replacement frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Oliver
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Kaufert Laboratory, 2004 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jonathan S Schilling
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Kaufert Laboratory, 2004 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 LES Building, 1954 Buford Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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18
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Application of a novel respirometric methodology to characterize mass transfer and activity of H2S-oxidizing biofilms in biotrickling filter beds. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Gutiérrez MC, Serrano A, Martín MA, Chica AF. Odour in composting processes at pilot scale: monitoring and biofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1676-1684. [PMID: 24956758 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.880132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although odour emissions associated with the composting process, especially during the hydrolytic stage, are widely known, their impact on surrounding areas is not easily quantifiable, For this reason, odour emissions during the first stage ofcomposting were evaluated by dynamic olfactometry at pilot scale in order to obtain results which can be extrapolated to industrial facilities. The composting was carried out in a commercial dynamic respirometer equipped with two biofilters at pilot scale filled with prunings (Populus) and mature compost obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Given that the highest odour emissions occur in the first stage of the composting process, this stage was carried out in a closed system to better control the odour emissions, whose maximum value was estimated to be 2.78 ouF S-1 during the experiments. Odour concentration, the dynamic respiration index and temperature showed the same evolution during composting, thus indicating that odour could be a key variable in the monitoring process. Other variables such as total organic carbon (CTOC) and pH were also found to be significant in this study due to their influence over odour emissions. The efficiency of the biofilters (empty bed residence time of 86 s) was determined by quantifying the odour emissions at the inlet and outlet of both biofilters. The moisture content in the biofilters was found to be an important variable for improving odour removal efficiency, while the minimum moisture percentage to obtain successful results was found to be 55% (odour removal efficiency of 95%).
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20
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Lebrero R, Estrada JM, Muñoz R, Quijano G. Deterioration of organic packing materials commonly used in air biofiltration: effect of VOC-packing interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 137:93-100. [PMID: 24603032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The abiotic deterioration of three conventional organic packing materials used in biofiltration (compost, wood bark and Macadamia nutshells) caused by their interaction with toluene (used as a model volatile organic compound) was here studied. The deterioration of the materials was evaluated in terms of structural damage, release of co-substrates and increase of the packing biodegradability. After 21 days of exposure to toluene, all packing materials released co-substrates able to support microbial growth, which were not released by the control materials not exposed to toluene. Likewise, the exposure to toluene increased the packing material biodegradability by 26% in wood bark, 20% in compost and 17% in Macadamia nutshells. Finally, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the deterioration in the structure of the packing materials evaluated due to the exposure to toluene, Macadamia nutshells being the material with the highest resistance to volatile organic compound attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José M Estrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Quijano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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21
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Alfonsín C, Hernández J, Omil F, Prado ÓJ, Gabriel D, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Environmental assessment of different biofilters for the treatment of gaseous streams. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:463-470. [PMID: 24001679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological techniques have been considered as an interesting alternative to treat gaseous streams from industrial processes. In this work, the performance of biofilters was evaluated from an environmental point of view by using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. More specifically, the potential impacts of four biofilters packed with different organic materials: spherical clay pellets covered with compost, a mixture of coconut fibre and sludge based carbon, peat and heather and pine bark have been quantified. The impact categories considered in this work were: eutrophication, acidification, global warming, photochemical oxidation, malodorous air, human toxicity and marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecotoxicity. From an environmental point of view, the reactor packed with coconut fibre and sludge based carbon appears to be the most suitable alternative since it presented the lowest values in almost all the impact categories assessed. On the other hand, the biofilter packed with clay pellets covered with compost seems to be the most penalized bioreactor providing the highest impacts for six of the nine impact categories evaluated, mainly due to the significant pressure drop achieved in the reactor which led to a considerable increase of energy demand. The reactor packed with coconut fibre and sludge based carbon is also the most beneficial alternative after performing the normalization step. In this case, the alternatives of peat and heather and pine bark are the less favourable ones in terms of photochemical oxidation, which was attributed to the lowest efficiency of methyl isobutyl ketone removal efficiency observed in both configurations. On the other hand, the option of treating off-gases is, in general, more positive and advisable than the direct discharge to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alfonsín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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Anet B, Lemasle M, Couriol C, Lendormi T, Amrane A, Le Cloirec P, Cogny G, Fillières R. Characterization of gaseous odorous emissions from a rendering plant by GC/MS and treatment by biofiltration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:981-987. [PMID: 23895910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the identification and quantification of odorous components in rendering plant emissions by GC/MS and other analytical methods, as well as the description of phenomena occurring in biofilter in order to improve the removal efficiency of industrial biofilters. Among the 36 compounds quantified in the process air stream, methanethiol, isopentanal and hydrogen sulfide, presented the major odorous contributions according to their high concentrations, generally higher than 10 mg m(-3), and their low odorous detection thresholds. The elimination of such component mixtures by biofiltration (Peat packing material, EBRT: 113 s) was investigated and revealed that more than 83% of hydrogen sulfide and isopentanal were removed by biofilter. Nevertheless, the incomplete degradation of such easily degradable pollutants suggested inappropriate conditions as lack of nutrients and acidic pH. These inadequate conditions could explain the lack of performance, especially observed on methanethiol (53% of RE) and the production of oxygenated and sulfur by-products by the biofilter itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Anet
- Atemax France, Route d'Alençon, 61400 Saint-Langis-lès-Mortagne, France.
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23
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Cabeza IO, López R, Ruiz-Montoya M, Díaz MJ. Maximising municipal solid waste--legume trimming residue mixture degradation in composting by control parameters optimization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:266-273. [PMID: 23764508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Composting is one of the most successful biological processes for the treatment of the residues enriched in putrescible materials. The optimization of parameters which have an influence on the stability of the products is necessary in order to maximize recycling and recovery of waste components. The influence of the composting process parameters (aeration, moisture, C/N ratio, and time) on the stability parameters (organic matter, N-losses, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, biodegradability coefficient) of the compost was studied. The composting experiment was carried out using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Legume Trimming Residues (LTR) in 200 L isolated acrylic barrels following a Box-Behnken central composite experimental design. Second-order polynomial models were found for each of the studied compost stability parameter, which accurately described the relationship between the parameters. The differences among the experimental values and those estimated by using the equations never exceeded 10% of the former. Results of the modelling showed that excluding the time, the C/N ratio is the strongest variable influencing almost all the stability parameters studied in this case, with the exception of N-losses which is strongly dependent on moisture. Moreover, an optimized ratio MSW/LTR of 1/1 (w/w), moisture content in the range of 40-55% and moderate to low aeration rate (0.05-0.175 Lair kg(-)(1) min(-1)) is recommended to maximise degradation and to obtain a stable product during co-composting of MSW and LTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Cabeza
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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24
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Tabase RK, Liu D, Feilberg A. Chemisorption of hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol by light expanded clay aggregates (Leca). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1345-1351. [PMID: 24001669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Removal of volatile sulphur compounds from livestock waste air by biological air filtration may be enhanced by application of packing materials with reactive properties. In this study, light expanded clay aggregates (Leca) was tested with respect to sorption and potential chemical degradation of H2S, Methanethiol (MT) and Dimethyl sulphide (DMS). Leca was selected due to its content of minerals, including iron, and due to its high specific surface area. The performance of Leca was evaluated based on breakthrough curves and by comparing the difference between the inlet and outlet gas concentrations. Whereas DMS did not appear to be removed by Leca, both H2S and MT were removed with variable efficiency depending on the specific conditions. Dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) were demonstrated to be produced during the degradation process in relatively high yields. A comparison between ambient air and nitrogen gas conditions showed that the chemisorption of H₂S and MT did not necessarily need oxygen to be present. X-ray analysis of Leca showed an abundance of Fe₂O₃. It is therefore hypothesized that Fe₂O₃ in Leca can remove H2S and MT by chemisorption. Both air velocity and moisture content clearly affected the capacity of Leca for removal of H₂S and MT. Lower removal is seen at higher air velocities, whereas higher moisture content enhances removal. However, chemisorption of MT by Leca appears to be limited above a threshold moisture level. Potential reaction mechanisms are discussed in relation to the observed effects. The results implicate that Leca can be used as a filter material with reactive properties provided that moisture content is controlled and that an adequate air velocity is used.
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25
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Hernández J, Lafuente J, Prado OJ, Gabriel D. Startup and long-term performance of biotrickling filters packed with polyurethane foam and poplar wood chips treating a mixture of ethylmercaptan, H2S, and NH3. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:462-471. [PMID: 23687731 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.763305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of a mixture of NH3, H2S, and ethylmercaptan (EM) was investigated for more than 15 months in two biotrickling filters packed with poplar wood chips and polyurethane foam. Inlet loads ranging from 5 to 10 g N-NH3 m-3 hr-1, from 5 to 16 g S-H2S m-3 hr-1, and from 0 to 5 g EM m-3 hr-1 were applied. During startup, the biotrickling filter packed with polyurethane foam was re-inoculated due to reduced biomass retention as well as a stronger effect of nitrogen compounds inhibition compared with the biotrickling filter packed with poplar wood. Accurate pH control between 7 and 7.5 favored pollutants abatement. In the long run, complete NH3 removal in the gas phase was achieved in both reactors, while H2S removal efficiencies exceeded 90%. EM abatement was significantly different in both reactors. A systematically lower elimination capacity was found in the polyurethane foam bioreactor. N fractions in the liquid phase proved that high nitrification rates were reached throughout steady-state operation in both bioreactors. CO2 production showed the extent of the organic packing material degradation, which allowed estimating its service lifetime in around 2 years. In the long run, the bioreactor packed with the organic packing material had a lower stability. However, an economic analysis indicated that poplar wood chips are a competitive alternative to inorganic packing materials in biotrickling filters. IMPLICATIONS We provide new insights in the use of organic packing materials in biotrickling filters for the treatment of H2S, NH3, and mercaptans and compare them with polyurethane foam, a packing commonly used in biotrickling filters. We found interesting features related with the startup of the reactors and parameterized both the performance under steady-state conditions and the influence of the gas contact time. We provide relevant conclusions in the profitability of organic packing materials under a biotrickling filter configuration, which is infrequent but proven reliable from our research results. The report is useful to designers and users of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Dixit RM, Deshmukh SC, Gadhe AA, Kannade GS, Lokhande SK, Pandey RA, Vaidya AN, Mudliar SN, Deshusses MA. Treatment of mixtures of toluene and n-propanol vapours in a compost-woodchip-based biofilter. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:751-760. [PMID: 22720398 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.592226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the biofiltration of mixture of n-propanol (as a model hydrophilic volatile organic compound (VOC)) and toluene (as a model hydrophobic VOC) in a biofilter packed with a compost-woodchip mixture. Initially, the biofilter was fed with toluene vapours at loadings up to 175 g m(-3) h(-1) and removal efficiencies of 70%-99% were observed. The biofilter performance when removing mixtures of toluene and n-propanol reached elimination capacities of up to 67g(toluene) m(-3) h(-1) and 85 g(n-propanol) m(-3) h(-1) with removal efficiencies of 70%-100% for toluene and essentially 100% for n-propanol. The presence of high n-propanol loading negatively affected the toluene removal; however, n-propanol removal was not affected by the presence of toluene and was effectively removed in the biofilter despite high toluene loadings. A model for toluene and n-propanol biofiltration could predict the cross-inhibition effect of n-propanol on toluene removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dixit
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
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Jover J, Ramírez M, Rodríguez I, Gómez JM, Cantero D. Strategies for pH control in a biofilter packed with sugarcane bagasse for hydrogen sulfide removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:990-996. [PMID: 22486668 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.667308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The biological removal of hydrogen sulfide at low concentration (<120 ppmv) was studied in a laboratory-scale biofilter packed with sugarcane bagasse and inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial consortium isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Inlet loads from 1.31 to 20.2 g Sm(-3) h(-1) were supplied to the biofilter, and empty bed residence times (EBRTs) of 30, 20 and 10 s were tested. In all cases, the removal efficiency was greater than 99%. Two methods for the pH control were tested: increasing the phosphate buffer capacity of the mineral medium (method I), and a new method, which involves the addition of solid CaCO(3) to the bagasse at the upper inlet of the biofilter (method II). For method I, pH increased gradually along the bed (from the bottom to the top), from a constant value of 3.0 to 7.0. For method II, pH was constant (2.4 ± 0.8) along the bed, and then a steep increase of pH was observed at the top to 7.1. We suggest the use of CaCO(3) instead of phosphate buffer because the former is less expensive, it is a simple method and the results obtained with the two methods are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Jover
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Las Villas, Sta. Clara, Cuba
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Sun D, Li J, An T, Xu M, Sun G, Guo J. Evaluation of the performance of structured mixed packing and inert packing materials in toluene biotrickle-filtration. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li J, Ye G, Sun D, An T, Sun G, Liang S. Performance of a biotrickling filter in the removal of waste gases containing low concentrations of mixed VOCs from a paint and coating plant. Biodegradation 2011; 23:177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dorado AD, Lafuente J, Gabriel D, Gamisans X. The role of water in the performance of biofilters: parameterization of pressure drop and sorption capacities for common packing materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 180:693-702. [PMID: 20483534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of water in a biofilter is critical in keeping microorganisms active and abating pollutants. In addition, the amount of water retained in a biofilter may drastically affect the physical properties of packing materials and packed beds. In this study, the influence of water on the pressure drop and sorption capacities of 10 different packing materials were experimentally studied and compared. Pressure drop was characterized as a function of dynamic hold-up, porosity and gas flow rate. Experimental data were fitted to a mathematical expression based on a modified Ergun correlation. Sorption capacities for toluene were determined for both wet and dry materials to obtain information about the nature of interactions between the contaminant, the packing materials and the aqueous phase. The experimental sorption capacities of materials were fitted to different isotherm models for gas adsorption in porous materials. The corresponding confidence interval was determined by the Fisher information matrix. The results quantified the dynamic hold-up effect resulting from the significant increase in the pressure drop throughout the bed, i.e. the financial cost of driving air, and the negative effect of this air on the total amount of hydrophobic pollutant that can be adsorbed by the supports. Furthermore, the results provided equations for ascertaining water presence and sorption capacities that could be widely used in the mathematical modeling of biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D Dorado
- Department of Mining Engineering and Natural Resources, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa 61-73, Manresa, Spain
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