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Pak U, Cheng H, Liu X, Wang Y, Ho C, Ri H, Xu J, Qi X, Yu H. Structural characterization and anti-oxidation activity of pectic polysaccharides from Swertia mileensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125896. [PMID: 37481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated the pectic polysaccharide WSMP-A2b (37 kDa) from the stems and leaves of Swertia mileensis, and we investigated its compositional/structural features and antioxidant activity. FT-IR, NMR, monosaccharide composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation analyses indicated that WSMP-A2b is composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains with mass ratios of 2.1:1.0:2.2. The RG-I domain is primarily substituted with α-L-1,5-arabinan and type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chains, as well as minor contributions of β-D-1,4-galactan and/or type I arabinogalactan (AG-I) side chains. The HG domain was released in the form of un-esterified and partly methyl-esterified and/or acetyl-esterified oligogalacturonides with a 1 to 7 degree of polymerization after endo-polygalacturonase degradation. WSMP-A2b showed stronger antioxidant activity in vitro, in part this might due to the presence of galacturonic acid (GalA). In addition, WSMP-A2b exerted a protective effect on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in INS-1 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Our results provide crucial structural information on this pectic polysaccharide from Swertia mileensis, thus prompting further investigation into its structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnHak Pak
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Clinics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - ChungHyok Ho
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - HyonIl Ri
- Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Qi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Biology Genetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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Geng CA, Chen JJ. The Progress of Anti-HBV Constituents from Medicinal Plants in China. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:227-244. [PMID: 29978386 PMCID: PMC6102174 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causing acute and chronic hepatitis is a serious problem worldwide, whereas the current treatment methods are unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese herbs that have long been used for medicinal purposes are fascinating sources for novel anti-HBV candidates. This paper summarizes the progress of anti-HBV constituents from diverse medicinal plants in China to provide information for searching new anti-HBV drugs from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Li J, Zhao YL, Huang HY, Wang YZ. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Swertia (Gentianaceae): A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:667-736. [PMID: 28490237 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Swertia plants have been considered to be medicinal plants useful for the treatment of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This is due to the broad variety of chemical compounds that provide multiple ligands for bonding to different endogenous biomacromolecules for patients. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Swertia plants are summarized in this paper. Approximately 419 metabolites and 40 bioactive compounds have been reported from 30 Swertia species, including xanthones, flavonoids, seco-iridiods, iridiods, triterpenoids, alkaloids, volatiles, and other secondary metabolites. The bioactivities of Swertia plants include anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, gut, and airways modulatory, metabolizing isozymes inhibitory, neuroprotective, HIV-I reverse transcriptases inhibitory, anticholinergic, and CNS-depressant activities, etc. In addition, biosynthetic pathways of xanthones, and seco-iridiods, two most important secondary metabolites for Swertia, are elucidated. The xanthones biosynthetic pathway is a mixed biosynthetic pathway involved the shikimate and the malonate routes, and the seco-iridoid pathway starts with geraniol derived from IPP which is produced either via the MEP or the MVA pathway. This review will offer a reference for future researches on the protection of natural resources, the investigation of therapeutic basis, new drug development, and so forth. Metabolic pathways of some crucial active compounds were also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- * Institute of Medicine Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China.,† College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- * Institute of Medicine Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Yu Huang
- † College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- * Institute of Medicine Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Suyama Y, Tanaka N, Kawazoe K, Murakami K, Li SL, Sun HD, Kashiwada Y. Rigenolides B and C, conjugates of norsecoiridoid and secoiridoid glucoside from Gentiana rigescens Franch. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li YC, Yang J, Li JK, Liang XH, Sun JL. Two New Secoiridoid Glucosides from the Twigs of Cornus officinalis. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jie XX, Geng CA, Huang XY, Ma YB, Zhang XM, Zhang RP, Chen JJ. Five new secoiridoid glycosides and one unusual lactonic enol ketone with anti-HBV activity from Swertia cincta. Fitoterapia 2015; 102:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Geng CA, Zhang XM, Ma YB, Huang XY, Chen JJ. Minor secoiridoid aglycones from the low-polarity part of the traditional Chinese herb: Swertia mileensis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2013. [PMCID: PMC4131618 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-013-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new secoiridoid aglycones involving unusual C9-skeleton: swerimilegenins A-F (1–6); bis-C9-skeleton: swerimilegenin G (7); and C10-skeleton: swerimilegenins H-K (8–11), as well as six known ones, were isolated from the low-polarity part of the traditional Chinese herb medicine Swertia mileensis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction. Biogenetically, swerimilegenin A (1) belonged to 10-nor-secoiridoid, and swerimilegenins B-F (2–6) were 1-nor-secoiridoids. Erythrocentaurin (12) and gentiogenal (15) showed moderate anti-HBV activity on HepG 2.2.15 cell line in vitro. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yun-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Wang HL, Cao TW, Jiang FQ, Geng CA, Zhang XM, Huang XY, Wang LJ, Kang-He, Hao-Chen, Liang WJ, Rong GQ, Chen JJ. Swerpunilactones A and B, the first example of xanthone and secoiridoid heterodimers from Swertia punicea, S. hispidicalyx, and S. yunnanensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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He K, Ma YB, Geng CA, Zhang XM, Cao TW, Jiang FQ, Chen JJ. Anti-hepatitis B virus active secoiridoids from Swertia kouitchensis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2011; 1:48-51. [PMCID: PMC4131710 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-011-0009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three new secoiridoids, swertiakoulactone (1) and swertiakosides A and B (2 and 3), were isolated from Swertia kouitchensis. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR data. By the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) assay on Hep G 2.2.15 cells line in vitro, compound 1 showed moderate activities inhibiting the HBsAg secretion (IC50 = 1.10 mM, SI = 4.39) and HBV DNA replication (IC50 = 1.16 mM, SI = 4.12). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yun-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Tuan-Wu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Fu-Qiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Geng CA, Zhang XM, Ma YB, Luo J, Chen JJ. Swerilactones L-O, secoiridoids with C₁₂ and C₁₃ skeletons from Swertia mileensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1822-5. [PMID: 21823575 DOI: 10.1021/np200256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Swerilactones L-O (1-4), four unusual secoiridoids with unprecedented C₁₂ and C₁₃ skeletons, were isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Swertia mileensis. Compounds 1 and 2 had moderate inhibitory activities against the secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (IC₅₀ = 1.47 and 1.20 mM, with SI < 1 and 1.53, respectively) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (IC₅₀ = 0.88 and >2.69 mM, with SI 1.62 and <1, respectively) in an antihepatitis B virus assay on the Hep G 2.2.15 cell line in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People's Republic of China
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Geng CA, Wang LJ, Zhang XM, Ma YB, Huang XY, Luo J, Guo RH, Zhou J, Shen Y, Zuo AX, Jiang ZY, Chen JJ. Anti-hepatitis B virus active lactones from the traditional Chinese herb: Swertia mileensis. Chemistry 2011; 17:3893-903. [PMID: 21365705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Swerilactones H-K (1-4), which are four novel lactones with an unprecedented C29 skeleton, were isolated from Swertia mileensis (Qing-Ye-Dan), an endemic Chinese herb used for treating viral hepatitis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic diffraction analyses. Swerilactones H-K exhibit potent anti-hepatitis B virus activity against HBV DNA replication with IC(50) values ranging from 1.53 to 5.34 μM. For the first time, a plausible biogenetic pathway for swerilactones H-K, together with the previously reported swerilactones A-D is proposed. From a biogenetic point of view, swerilactones A-D are ascribed as secoiridoid dimers, and swerilactones H-K as secoiridoid trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P R China
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Banik R. Naturally Occurring Iridoids and Secoiridoids. An Updated Review, Part 4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:803-33. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram (M.B.B.) College
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