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Simões A, Castro RAE, Veiga F, Vitorino C. A quality by design framework for developing nanocrystal bioenabling formulations. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123393. [PMID: 37717717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to outline a rational framework for the design and development of a 1.0% (w/v) hydrocortisone nanocrystal-based formulation, resorting to a simple, efficient, and scalable nanonization methodology, based on the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. Accordingly, the innovative product was comprehensively optimized following a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. The thorough selection of formulation composition was driven by a dual purpose: improving skin permeation and stability. In the early stage of development, a Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) diagram was employed to identify the most impactful variables for the critical quality attributes (CQAs). In this sense, a rotatable, three-factor and five-level circumscribed central composite design (CCCD) was applied to investigate how squalene concentration (x1), soluplus concentration (x2) and HPH-time (x3) influence physicochemical properties, performance and physical stability of the formulation. A robust Design Space (DS) was defined, establishing the optimal settings for the critical variables, whose combination meets the requirements set in the quality target product profile (QTPP). Morphological analysis revealed the cuboidal shape of hydrocortisone nanocrystals. In what concerns colloidal properties, the most promising formulation disclosed a small particle size (Dx(50) = 311.8 ± 1.5 nm), along with narrow size distribution (span value = 1.91 ± 0.17). Zeta potential results (-2.19 ± 0.15 mV--12.1 ± 0.4 mV) suggested a steric hindrance stabilization. FTIR spectra showed no chemical interactions between drug and formulation components. XRD diffractograms confirmed loss of crystallinity during the downsizing process. In vitro studies revealed an improvement on drug release rate (316 ± 21-516 ± 35 μg/cm2/√t), compared to the coarse suspension and commercial products, and a straight dependence on the stabilizer concentration and HPH time. The permeation flux across the skin (0.16 ± 0.02-1.2 ± 0.5 μg/cm2/h) appeared to be dependent on the drug physicochemical properties, in particular saturation solubility. Further characterization of the experimental formulations pointed out the role of the stabilizing component to prevent against physical instability phenomena. This organic solvent-free, and therefore "green" nanocrystal production technology offers great potential for pharmaceutical R&D and drug delivery by enabling the development of new forms of conventional drugs with optimal physicochemical properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Rahman M, Radgman K, Tarabokija J, Ahmad S, Bilgili E. Preparation and Characterization of Spray-Dried Hybrid Nanocrystal-Amorphous Solid Dispersions (HyNASDs) for Supersaturation Enhancement of a Slowly Crystallizing Drug. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2419. [PMID: 37686927 PMCID: PMC10490532 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepared hybrid nanocrystal-amorphous solid dispersions (HyNASDs) to examine their supersaturation capability in the release of a poorly soluble drug, itraconazole (ITZ), a slow crystallizer during dissolution. The HyNASD formulations included a polymer (HPC: hydroxypropyl cellulose, Sol: Soluplus, or VA64: Kollidon-VA64) and a surfactant (SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate). Additionally, the dissolution performance of the HyNASDs and ASDs was compared. To this end, wet-milled aqueous nanosuspensions containing a 1:5 ITZ:polymer mass ratio with/without SDS as well as solutions of the same ratio without SDS in dichloromethane were spray-dried. XRPD-DSC confirmed that ASDs were formed upon spray drying the solution-based feeds, whereas HyNASDs (~5-30% amorphous) were formed with the nanosuspension-based feeds. SDS aided to stabilize the ITZ nanosuspensions and increase the amorphous content in the spray-dried powders. During dissolution, up to 850% and 790% relative supersaturation values were attained by HyNASDs with and without SDS, respectively. Due to the stronger molecular interaction between ITZ-Sol than ITZ-HPC/VA64 and micellar solubilization by Sol, Sol-based HyNASDs outperformed HPC/VA64-based HyNASDs. While the ASD formulations generated greater supersaturation values (≤1670%) than HyNASDs (≤790%), this extent of supersaturation from a largely nanocrystalline formulation (HyNASD) has not been achieved before. Overall, HyNASDs could boost drug release from nanoparticle-based formulations and may render them competitive to ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.R.); (K.R.); (J.T.); (S.A.)
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Marques SM, Kumar L. Factors affecting the preparation of nanocrystals: characterization, surface modifications and toxicity aspects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:871-894. [PMID: 37222381 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2218084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fabrication of well-defined nanocrystals in size and form is the focus of much investigation. In this work, we have critically reviewed several recent instances from the literature that shows how the production procedure affects the physicochemical properties of the nanocrystals. AREAS COVERED Scopus, MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-review articles published in the past few years using different key words. Authors chose relevant publications from their files for this review. This review focuses on the range of techniques available for producing nanocrystals. We draw attention to several recent instances demonstrating the impact of various process and formulation variables that affect the nanocrystals' physicochemical properties. Moreover, various developments in the characterization techniques explored for nanocrystals concerning their size, morphology, etc. have been discussed. Last but not least, recent applications, the effect of surface modifications, and the toxicological traits of nanocrystals have also been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The selection of an appropriate production method for the formation of nanocrystals, together with a deep understanding of the relationship between the drug's physicochemical properties, unique features of the various formulation alternatives, and anticipated in-vivo performance, would significantly reduce the risk of failure during human clinical trials that are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen Miriam Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Khanuja HK, Dureja H. Recent Patents and Potential Applications of Homogenisation Techniques in Drug Delivery Systems. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:33-50. [PMID: 34825646 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210719120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term homogenise means "to force or provide coalesce". Homogenisation is a process to attain homogenous particle size. The objective of the homogenisation process is to use fluid force to split the fragments or tiny particles contained in the fluids into very small dimensions and form a sustainable dispersion suitable for further production. METHODS The databases were collected through Scopus, google patent, science web, google scholar, PubMed on the concept of homogenisation. The data obtained were systematically investigated. RESULTS The present study focus on the use of the homogenisation in drug delivery system. The aim of homogenisation process is to achieve the particle size in micro-and nano- range as it affects the different parameters in the formulation and biopharmaceutical profile of the drug. The particle size reduction plays a key role in influencing drug dissolution and absorption. The reduced particle size enhances the stability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Homogenization technology ensures to achieve effective, clinically efficient and targeted drug delivery with the minimal side effect. CONCLUSION Homogenization technology has been shown to be an efficient and easy method of size reduction to increase solubility and bioavailability, stability of drug carriers. This article gives an overview of the process attributes affecting the homogenization process, the patenting of homogeniser types, design, the geometry of valves and nozzles and its role in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur Khanuja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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A comparative study on in vitro and in vivo characteristics of enzalutamide nanocrystals versus amorphous solid dispersions and a better prediction for bioavailability based on “spring-parachute” model. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oktay AN, Celebi N, Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Kaplanoğlu GT. Cyclodextrin-based nanogel of flurbiprofen for dermal application: In vitro studies and in vivo skin irritation evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. A review of transglycosylated compounds as food additives to enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11226-11243. [PMID: 35757865 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transglycosylation has been used to modify the physicochemical properties of original compounds. As a result, transglycosylated compounds can form molecular aggregates in size ranges of a few nanometers in an aqueous medium when their concentrations exceed a specific level. Incorporating these hydrophobic compounds has been observed to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds into aggregate structures. Thus, this review introduces four transglycosylated compounds as food additives that can enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds. Here, transglycosylated hesperidin, transglycosylated rutin, transglycosylated naringin, and transglycosylated stevia are the focus as representative substances. Significantly, we observed that amorphous formations containing hydrophobic compounds with transglycosylated compounds improved solubility and oral absorption compared to untreated hydrophobic compounds. Moreover, combining transglycosylated compounds with hydrophilic polymers or surfactants enhanced the solubilizing effects on hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, the enhanced solubility of hydrophobic compounds improved their oral absorption. Transglycosylated compounds also influenced nanoparticle preparation of hydrophobic compounds as a dispersant. This study demonstrated the benefits of transglycosylated compounds in developing supplements and nutraceuticals of hydrophobic compounds with poor aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Ramos TI, Villacis-Aguirre CA, López-Aguilar KV, Santiago Padilla L, Altamirano C, Toledo JR, Santiago Vispo N. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:247. [PMID: 35213980 PMCID: PMC8879439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine plays an essential role in developing new therapies through novel drug delivery systems, diagnostic and imaging systems, vaccine development, antibacterial tools, and high-throughput screening. One of the most promising drug delivery systems are nanoparticles, which can be designed with various compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface modifications. These nanosystems have improved therapeutic profiles, increased bioavailability, and reduced the toxicity of the product they carry. However, the clinical translation of nanomedicines requires a thorough understanding of their properties to avoid problems with the most questioned aspect of nanosystems: safety. The particular physicochemical properties of nano-drugs lead to the need for additional safety, quality, and efficacy testing. Consequently, challenges arise during the physicochemical characterization, the production process, in vitro characterization, in vivo characterization, and the clinical stages of development of these biopharmaceuticals. The lack of a specific regulatory framework for nanoformulations has caused significant gaps in the requirements needed to be successful during their approval, especially with tests that demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Researchers face many difficulties in establishing evidence to extrapolate results from one level of development to another, for example, from an in vitro demonstration phase to an in vivo demonstration phase. Additional guidance is required to cover the particularities of this type of product, as some challenges in the regulatory framework do not allow for an accurate assessment of NPs with sufficient evidence of clinical success. This work aims to identify current regulatory issues during the implementation of nanoparticle assays and describe the major challenges that researchers have faced when exposing a new formulation. We further reflect on the current regulatory standards required for the approval of these biopharmaceuticals and the requirements demanded by the regulatory agencies. Our work will provide helpful information to improve the success of nanomedicines by compiling the challenges described in the literature that support the development of this novel encapsulation system. We propose a step-by-step approach through the different stages of the development of nanoformulations, from their design to the clinical stage, exemplifying the different challenges and the measures taken by the regulatory agencies to respond to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelvia I. Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Katherine V. López-Aguilar
- Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador;
| | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Av. Universidad 330, Placilla, Sector Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
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Gülbağ Pınar S, Pezik E, Mutlu Ağardan B, Çelebi N. Development of cyclosporine A nanosuspension: cytotoxicity and permeability on Caco-2 cell lines. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:52-62. [PMID: 34931593 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A is a calcineurin inhibitor and is usually used as an immunosuppressant medication. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanosuspension of polypeptide cyclosporine A by using the wet milling method for oral administration. Cell culture studies were also performed with human intestinal Caco-2 cell lines. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as stabilizers in nanosuspension. In vitro characterization studies such as Fourier-transform infrared analysis and morphological imaging with scanning electron microscopy have been carried out with obtained cyclosporine A nanosuspension. The particle size, particle size distribution, and zeta potential values of the nanosuspension were measured approximately 400 nm, 0.4, and -25 mV, respectively. The solubility of cyclosporine A was increased 4.5 times in nanosuspension compared to the coarse cyclosporine A powder. As a result of cytotoxicity studies conducted with different concentrations, it was decided to conduct permeability studies at a dose equivalent to 150 µg/mL cyclosporine A. Permeation studies have shown that the nanosuspension increases cyclosporine A transport by 5 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to coarse powder and commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Gülbağ Pınar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Pezik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başaran Mutlu Ağardan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çelebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gao J, Zheng A. Progress in the development of stabilization strategies for nanocrystal preparations. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:19-36. [PMID: 33336609 PMCID: PMC8725885 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1856224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocrystal technology has been extensively investigated. Due to the submicron particle size and unique physicochemical properties of nanocrystals, they overcome the problems of low drug solubility and poor bioavailability. Although the structures of nanocrystals are simple, the further development of these materials is hindered by their stability. Drug nanocrystals with particle sizes of 1∼1000 nm usually require the addition of stabilizers such as polymers or surfactants to enhance their stability. The stability of nanocrystal suspensions and the redispersibility of solid nanocrystal drugs are the key factors for the large-scale production of nanocrystal preparations. In this paper, the factors that affect the stability of drug nanocrystal preparations are discussed, and related methods for solving the stability problem are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Oktay AN, Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Uludag O, Celebi N. Enhanced Dermal Delivery of Flurbiprofen Nanosuspension Based Gel: Development and Ex Vivo Permeation, Pharmacokinetic Evaluations. Pharm Res 2021; 38:991-1009. [PMID: 34086139 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to optimize the Flurbiprofen (FB) nanosuspension (NS) based gel and to investigate the in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, the plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS FB-NSs were developed using the wet milling process with the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. The optimum FB-NS was characterized on the basis of SEM, DSC, XRPD, solubility and permeation studies. The dermal gel was prepared by incorporating FB-NS into HPMC gel. Then the in-vitro release, ex vivo permeation studies were performed, and pharmacokinetic studies were evaluated on rats. RESULTS The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential values of optimum NS were determined as 237.7 ± 6.8 nm, 0.133 ± 0.030 and - 30.4 ± 0.7 mV, respectively. By means of the surfactant content and nanosized particles of the nanosuspension, the solubility of FB was increased about 7-fold. The percentage permeated amount of FB from FB-NS gel (8.40%) was also found to be higher than the physical mixture (5.25%) and coarse suspension (reference) (2.08%) gels. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the Cmax of FB-NS gel was 2.5 times higher than the reference gel, while AUC0-24 was 2.96 times higher. CONCLUSION FB-NSs were successfully prepared with a wet milling method and optimized with the DoE approach. The optimized FB nanosuspension gel provided better permeation and pharmacokinetic performance compared to FB coarse suspension gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Oktay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Uludag
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Celebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Başkent University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Bhattaccharjee SA, Kale M, Le N, Banga AK. Impact of Different Mixing Methods on the Performance of Suspension-Based Transdermal Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:150. [PMID: 33973096 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspension-based matrix transdermal delivery systems (TDSs) are specialized systems that maintain a continuous driving force for drug delivery over prolonged wear. The pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is the most critical constituent of such systems. Our study aimed to determine the effect of different mixing methods on the performance of silicone PSA-based suspension TDSs. Lidocaine suspension TDSs were prepared using conventional slow rotary mixing, high-speed homogenization, bead-mill homogenization, vortex shaking, and by an unguator. Resultant TDSs were tested for tack, shear, and peel properties and correlated to coat weight, content uniformity, microstructure, and in vitro permeation across dermatomed human skin. Every mixing method tested caused a significant reduction in peel. However, bead-mill homogenization resulted in significant loss of all adhesive properties tested, while unguator-mixed TDSs retained most properties. Good linear correlation (R2 = 1.000) between the shear properties of the TDSs with the average cumulative amount of lidocaine permeated after 24 h was observed, with no significant difference between percutaneous delivery from slow rotary-mixed systems (1334 ± 59.21 μg/cm2) and unguator-mixed systems (1147 ± 108.3 μg/cm2). However, significantly lower delivery from bead-mill homogenized systems (821.1 ± 28.00 μg/cm2) was noted. While many factors affect TDS performance, careful consideration must also be given to the processing parameters during development as they have been shown to affect the resultant system's therapeutic efficacy. Extensive mixing with bead-mill homogenization demonstrated crystallization of drug, loss in adhesive properties, coat weight, and film thickness, with reduced transdermal delivery of lidocaine from the prepared system.
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Mobaraki M, Soltani M, Zare Harofte S, L. Zoudani E, Daliri R, Aghamirsalim M, Raahemifar K. Biodegradable Nanoparticle for Cornea Drug Delivery: Focus Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1232. [PMID: 33353013 PMCID: PMC7765989 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, researchers all around the world have focused on the characteristic pros and cons of the different drug delivery systems for cornea tissue change for sense organs. The delivery of various drugs for cornea tissue is one of the most attractive and challenging activities for researchers in biomaterials, pharmacology, and ophthalmology. This method is so important for cornea wound healing because of the controllable release rate and enhancement in drug bioavailability. It should be noted that the delivery of various kinds of drugs into the different parts of the eye, especially the cornea, is so difficult because of the unique anatomy and various barriers in the eye. Nanoparticles are investigated to improve drug delivery systems for corneal disease. Biodegradable nanocarriers for repeated corneal drug delivery is one of the most attractive and challenging methods for corneal drug delivery because they have shown acceptable ability for this purpose. On the other hand, by using these kinds of nanoparticles, a drug could reside in various part of the cornea for longer. In this review, we summarized all approaches for corneal drug delivery with emphasis on the biodegradable nanoparticles, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, microemulsions, nanosuspensions, and hydrogels. Moreover, we discuss the anatomy of the cornea at first and gene therapy at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmahdi Mobaraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875‐4413, Iran;
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Faculty of Science, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran; (S.Z.H.); (E.L.Z.); (R.D.)
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zare Harofte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran; (S.Z.H.); (E.L.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Elham L. Zoudani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran; (S.Z.H.); (E.L.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Roshanak Daliri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran; (S.Z.H.); (E.L.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Faculty of Science, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, PA 16801, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
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14
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Oktay AN, Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Han S, Uludag O, Celebi N. Preparation and in vitro / in vivo evaluation of flurbiprofen nanosuspension-based gel for dermal application. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105548. [PMID: 32937211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flurbiprofen (FB) is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, but its low water solubility (BCS Class II) limits its dermal bioavailability. The aim of this study is to develop a FB nanosuspension (NS) based gel and to evaluate its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. FB-NS was produced by the wet milling method with Plantacare 2000Ⓡ, as stabilizer. The FB-NS was then incorporated in different carrier gels such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polycarbophil, oleogel, and chitosan. To select the optimum gel type, visual examinations, pH and rheological property measurements, texture profile analysis, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were performed. Following these tests, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the optimum NS based gel were evaluated using the tail flick and carrageenan-induced paw edema methods consecutively. The NS was successfully prepared with the wet milling method, and the PS, PDI and ZP values were found to be 237.7 ± 6.8 nm, 0.133±0.030, and -30.4 ± 0.7 mV; respectively. Among the NS-based gels, HPMC gel showed more suitable rheological and mechanical properties, also the percentage of permeated FB and the flux value observed for HPMC gel were higher for HPMC than for the other gels. Thus, HPMC gel was selected as a carrier gel for in vivo pharmacodynamics studies. The anti-inflammatory activity of FB-NS HPMC gel was higher than that of the physical mixture gel and that of the coarse suspension gel. Results of our analgesic activity studies showed that, in the 180th min of FB nanosuspension treatment, the latency time was significantly prolonged compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). As a conclusion, while nanosuspensions increased the in vivo pharmacodynamics effect of FB by means of nanosized particles and a large surface area, the HPMC gel as a carrier prolonged the contact time of NSs with skin and eased the dermal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Oktay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Uludag
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Celebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Başkent University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Screening of stabilizing agents to optimize flurbiprofen nanosuspensions using experimental design. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Long J, Song J, Zhang X, Deng M, Xie L, Zhang L, Li X. Tea saponins as natural stabilizers for the production of hesperidin nanosuspensions. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119406. [PMID: 32387309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tea saponins (TS), a novel multifunctional stabilizer, were explored to stabilize the nanosuspensions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TS on the stability and redispersibility of nanosuspensions. In present work, hesperidin (HDN), a poorly soluble drug, was used as a model drug. HDN nanosuspensions (HDN-NS) with particle size of 250-270 nm were prepared by high-speed shearing and high-pressure homogenization. The zeta potential of HDN-NS was -23.16 ± 1.12 mV. Compared with traditional stabilizers, TS were superior in stabilization efficiency at low concentrations. Nanosuspensions freeze-dried powder using TS and lactose as cryoprotectants had good redispersibility, and the average particle size was 266.5 ± 9.0 nm after reconstitution. TS and lactose can effectively prevent the irreversible agglomeration of HDN-NS during freeze-drying. The dissolution was enhanced owing to particle size reduction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that HDN nanocrystals were irregularly lumpy. The chemical structure and crystal state of HDN had not significantly changed during production. In conclusion, TS have the potential to stabilize and disperse nanosuspensions and provide a promising strategy for the development of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
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17
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Liu T, Yu X, Yin H, Möschwitzer JP. Advanced modification of drug nanocrystals by using novel fabrication and downstream approaches for tailor-made drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:1092-1103. [PMID: 31735092 PMCID: PMC6882472 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1682721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanosuspensions/nanocrystals have been recognized as one useful and successful approach for drug delivery. Drug nanocrystals could be further decorated to possess extended functions (such as controlled release) and designed for special in vivo applications (such as drug tracking), which make best use of the advantages of drug nanocrystals. A lot of novel and advanced size reduction methods have been invented recently for special drug deliveries. In addition, some novel downstream processes have been combined with nanosuspensions, which have highly broadened its application areas (such as targeting) besides traditional routes. A large number of recent research publication regarding as nanocrystals focuses on above mentioned aspects, which have widely attracted attention. This review will focus on the recent development of nanocrystals and give an overview of regarding modification of nanocrystal by some new approaches for tailor-made drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haipeng Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao orthopaedic Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan P Möschwitzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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