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Ghavam M. A GC-MC analysis of chemical compounds and identification of the antibacterial characteristics of the essential oil of two species exclusive to Iranian habitats: New chemotypes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273987. [PMID: 36201544 PMCID: PMC9536594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity found in the chemical compounds of a single species in different regions results in different biologic characteristics which can be considered as a strong source for identifying new chemotypes. Hymenocrater incanus Bunge and Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. are exclusive species of the Lamiaceae family which grow in the western and central habitats of Iran. This study was designed and carried out to determine the yield, identify the chemical compounds, and evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics of the essential oil (EO) of these two species in Iran for the first time. METHODS The flowering twigs of the species D. kotschyi and H. incanus were collected from the villages of Totmach and Kamu in Isfahan province respectively, in May 2019. The EO of these plants was extracted and separated using the water distillation method, utilizing the Clevenger device. The EO compounds were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The evaluation of antimicrobial characteristics was carried out by determining the growth inhibition zone implementing the Agar method, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MFC/MBC) utilizing liquid dilution culture. RESULTS The results indicated that the highest yield belonged to the EO of D. kotschyi at %2.6 (w/w). In this EO there were citral (%25.44), neral (%20.87), α-pinene (%14.48), trans-geranic acid methyl ester (%9.74), and D-limonene (%6.87). Moreover, H. incanus had the dominant compounds (-)-Spathulenol (%12.61), caryophyllene (%10.00), linolenic acid (%8.54), 1,8-cineole (%5.95), palmitic acid (%5.35), and α-cadinol (%5.17). The largest diameter of growth inhibition zone belonged to the H. incanus EO against the Gram-positive bacteria S. pyogenes (~17.67mm). The strongest inhibition activities in the form of growth inhibition diameter exhibited by the D. kotschyi EO were against the Gram-negative bacteria S. paratyphi-A serotype (~ 12 mm), K. pneumoniae, and Sh. dysenteriae (~ 11 mm) which was significant compared to the Gram-positive rifampin (~ 8 mm). CONCLUSIONS It can be seen that these species are new chemotypes with special and novel chemical compounds which can potentially be used to manufacture natural antibiotics against some bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Abd Rashed A, Abd Rahman AZ, Rathi DNG. Essential Oils as a Potential Neuroprotective Remedy for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1107. [PMID: 33669787 PMCID: PMC7922935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvements in life expectancy, neurodegenerative conditions have arguably become the most dreaded maladies of older people. The neuroprotective and anti-ageing potentials of essential oils (EOs) are widely evaluated around the globe. The objective of this review is to analyse the effectiveness of EOs as neuroprotective remedies among the four common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The literature was extracted from three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) between the years of 2010 to 2020 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms "essential oil", crossed with "Alzheimer's disease (AD)", "Huntington's disease (HD)", "Parkinson's disease (PD)" or "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)". Eighty three percent (83%) of the studies were focused on AD, while another 12% focused on PD. No classifiable study was recorded on HD or ALS. EO from Salvia officinalis has been recorded as one of the most effective acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, only Cinnamomum sp. has been assessed for its effectiveness in both AD and PD. Our review provided useful evidence on EOs as potential neuroprotective remedies for age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abd Rahman
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Devi Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
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Bahadori MB, Zengin G, Dinparast L, Eskandani M. The health benefits of three Hedgenettle herbal teas (Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, and Stachys lavandulifolia) - profiling phenolic and antioxidant activities. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Özcan K. Antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity capacities of Doronicum macrolepis (FREYN&SINT): An endemic plant from Turkey. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:95-100. [PMID: 31920435 PMCID: PMC6950946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase) and antimicrobial (MIC) activities of three different solvent (ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate) extracts of stem, root, and flower of Doronicum macrolepis plant were investigated. In addition to this, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil were determined. Antioxidant activity was detected using ABTS and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial activity evaluated by microdilution method against to nineteen microorganisms. Also, enzyme inhibition activities were determined by colorimetric methods. Essential oil of the plant extracted by hydrodistilation and characterized using GC/MS. The antioxidant properties of the flower were determined to be higher than those of the other segments of this plant. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also found to be higher in the flower parts. The highest enzyme inhibition activity was observed to be α-amylase (221.54 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethylacetate extract, α-glucosidase (15.32 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethanol extract, and cholinesterase (AChE: 2.4 and BChE: 22.35 mg GALE/g extract) in stem ethylacetate extract. Besides them, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was found to be higher than the extracts. It showed a high level of inhibition especially on E. coli at 4 µg/ml concentration. Moreover, remarkable inhibition was observed for two candida strains tested. In conclusion, the results suggest that, because of its bioactivity including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties, the D. macrolepis can be accepted as a promising and natural source for the industrial applications. The present study is the first study, in which the bioactive components and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties of endemic D. macrolepis plant were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Özcan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Pereira CG, Barreira L, Bijttebier S, Pieters L, Neves V, Rodrigues MJ, Rivas R, Varela J, Custódio L. Chemical profiling of infusions and decoctions of Helichrysum italicum subsp. picardii by UHPLC-PDA-MS and in vitro biological activities comparatively with green tea (Camellia sinensis) and rooibos tisane (Aspalathus linearis). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:593-603. [PMID: 28787672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several medicinal plants are currently used by the food industry as functional additives, for example botanical extracts in herbal drinks. Moreover, the scientific community has recently begun focusing on halophytes as sources of functional beverages. Helichrysum italicum subsp. picardii (everlasting) is an aromatic halophyte common in southern Europe frequently used as spice and in traditional medicine. In this context, this work explored for the first time H. italicum subsp. picardii as a potential source of innovative herbal beverages with potential health promoting properties. For that purpose, infusions and decoctions were prepared from roots, vegetative aerial-organs (stems and leaves) and flowers and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. Samples were also assessed for toxicity in different mammalian cell lines and chemically characterized by spectrophotometric methods and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS). Results were expressed relating to 'a cup-of-tea' and compared with those obtained with green tea (Camellia sinensis) and rooibos tisane (Aspalathus linearis). Tisanes from the everlasting's above-ground organs, particularly flowers, have high polyphenolic content and several phenolics were identified; the main compounds were chlorogenic and quinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic-acid isomers and gnaphaliin-A. The antioxidant activity of beverages from the everlasting's above-ground organs matched or surpassed that of green tea and rooibos. Its anti-diabetic activity was moderate and toxicity low. Overall, our results suggest that the everlasting is a potential source of innovative and functional herbal beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Sebastiaan Bijttebier
- University of Antwerp, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Antwerp, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Business Unit Separation and Conversion Technology (SCT), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Luc Pieters
- University of Antwerp, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Neves
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Rivas
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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