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Ahmed A, Tsiami A, Khan HT. Effects of dietary and lifestyle management on type 2 diabetes development among ethnic minority adults living in the UK: A generational shift. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Adolescent Substance Use Behavior Change Through School Intervention Is Improved by Teacher and School Implementation Support Together, Especially for Girls. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1251-1263. [PMID: 35713739 PMCID: PMC9949964 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An earlier trial of a school-based, preventative intervention, HealthWise South Africa, demonstrated some efficacy in preventing adolescent drinking and smoking in the Western Cape, South Africa. This was followed by the current implementation trial, which examined how implementation support conditions influenced adolescent drinking and smoking behavior change in the HealthWise intervention. The hybridized implementation-effectiveness trial included 34 schools (n = 2175 students) that provided student data at four waves through Grades 8 to 10. Implementation support conditions included a combination of two components (enhanced school environment and teacher consultation), resulting in four conditions: enhanced school environment, teacher consultation, both components, and standard delivery. Using configural frequency analysis, we examined how drinking and smoking behavior change differed across four configurations of intervention support longitudinally and by gender. For baseline non-smokers, results indicated sustained differences in abstention from smoking and smoking initiation between schools that received both support components and schools in the standard delivery condition. These results were primarily driven by girls. For baseline drinkers and smokers in the both components condition, changes in drinking were delayed until Grade 9 and smoking decayed by Grade 10. Results suggest that providing both school and teacher implementation support synergistically facilitates improved intervention outcomes both immediately following intervention and 2 years later across schools with diverse resource levels. Future iterations of HealthWise, and other interventions, may benefit from a multilevel implementation support strategy to improve student outcomes. More research is needed to understand how to improve HealthWise effectiveness among boys.
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Shah V, Watson J. Relationship between Substance Use and Socioeconomic Variables in Pennsylvania Adolescents: 2009-2017. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1856-1866. [PMID: 32460582 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1771594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of the current study is to analyze the substance use trends in Generation Z youth (in both middle and high school environments) and to determine if any correlation exists between substance use behaviors and demographic variables. Methods: Analysis is based on substance use data collected through the Pennsylvania Youth Survey (PAYS) from 2009 to 2017 and the 2016 US census data. Results: Our results suggest that substance use in Gen Z adolescents is mainly linked to alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, vaping, and narcotic prescription drugs. Alcohol is the most prevalent high-risk substance used by 12th grade students with 69.8% of students having consumed alcohol over their lifetime. Vaping is the next highly used substance with 28.9% of students in 12th grade having vaped 30 day prior to the survey. There is a significant correlation among adolescents between smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco. A student using either alcohol, cigarettes or smokeless tobacco is highly likely to use the other two substances as well. Adolescents from counties with a high Caucasian population were at high risk for cigarette and smokeless tobacco use, while the opposite held true for counties with a high number of foreign-born persons or higher Asian or Hispanic populations. Higher median household incomes and higher adult education levels in a county were both protective factors against smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions: Results of the study suggest that students start experimenting with high-risk substance use in early grades and to combat the prevalence, we suggest the importance of educating adolescents of the dangers of drug use in early grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Shah
- College of the Sciences and Mathematics, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Watson
- Henderson High School, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen L, Liu R, Pozhidaeva M, Xie J, Cao W, Zhang F, Reis C, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Changes in the Sociodemographic Factors of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in Chinese Adolescents from 2004 to 2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061211. [PMID: 29890697 PMCID: PMC6025571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Finding ways to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents has been a major public health challenge in China. In relation to this issue, the current study evaluated the changes in the sociodemographic factors of tobacco and alcohol consumption among Chinese adolescents who are 12–18 years old. Trends in sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption were investigated based on the 2004–2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Questionnaires that extracted data on tobacco and alcohol consumption (i.e., prior experience of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages) were distributed. Additional variables (e.g., age, residence, gender, etc.) were used in the analyses. Firth penalized logistic regression was conducted with drinking and smoking status variables as the dependent variables. Male adolescents were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Adolescents aged 15–16 years were more inclined to smoke compared with those aged 12–14 years in 2004, 2006, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Among adolescents aged 15–18 years, older ones were more inclined to not smoke in 2004 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.531, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.343–0.821). Adolescents who did not attend school were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Adolescents who were drinkers were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Male adolescents were more likely to drink in 2004, 2006, and 2009 (p < 0.05 for all). In 2006 and 2009, adolescents aged 15–16 years were more inclined to drink compared with those aged 12–14 years (p < 0.05 for all). Among adolescents aged 15–18 years, older ones were less inclined to drink in 2004 (OR = 0.719, 95% CI 0.527–0.980) and 2006 (OR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.527–0.972). Adolescents who smoked were more likely to drink in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents has not changed significantly. The current study identified adolescent high-risk groups for tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Marina Pozhidaeva
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jinqiu Xie
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Cesar Reis
- Preventive Medicine Department, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Bhavsar V, Jauhar S, Murray RM, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, McNeill A, Boydell J, MacCabe JH. Tobacco smoking is associated with psychotic experiences in the general population of South London. Psychol Med 2018; 48:123-131. [PMID: 28655360 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cigarette smoking and psychosis remains unexplained, but could relate to causal effects in both directions, confounding by socioeconomic factors, such as ethnicity, or use of other substances, including cannabis. Few studies have evaluated the association between cigarettes and psychotic experiences (PEs) in diverse, inner-city populations, or relationships with number of cigarettes consumed. METHODS We assessed associations and dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and PEs in a cross-sectional survey of household residents (n = 1680) in South East London, using logistic regression to adjust for cannabis use, other illicit substances, and socioeconomic factors, including ethnicity. RESULTS We found association between any PEs and daily cigarette smoking, which remained following adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, cannabis and use of illicit stimulant drugs (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.15). Fully adjusted estimates for the association, and with number of PEs, increased with number of cigarettes smoked daily, implying a dose-response effect (p = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Odds of reporting any PEs in ex-smokers were similar to never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS In this diverse epidemiological sample, association between smoking and PEs was not explained by confounders such as cannabis or illicit drugs. Daily cigarette consumption showed a dose-response relationship with the odds of reporting PEs, and of reporting a greater number of PEs. There was no difference in odds of reporting PEs between ex-smokers and never-smokers, raising the possibility that the increase in PEs associated with smoking may be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhavsar
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - S Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - M Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - S L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - A McNeill
- National Addictions Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, King's College London,London
| | - J Boydell
- Cornwall Partnership Foundation NHS Trust,Cornwall
| | - J H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
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Penney J, Dargan PI, Padmore J, Wood DM, Norman IJ. Epidemiology of adolescent substance use in London schools. QJM 2016; 109:405-9. [PMID: 26412803 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and substance use in adolescence can be associated with a range of health, emotional, social, behavioural and legal problems. There has been a change in the recreational drugs available to users in recent years; however, little is known about how this impacts the youngest and most vulnerable population of substance users. AIM To investigate the prevalence of substance use among children aged 15-18 years in London schools. DESIGN Questionnaire survey. METHOD Students aged 15-18 years in three London schools self-completed the questionnaire which collected demographic data (age, gender and ethnicity) and data on frequency of use of alcohol, tobacco and classical recreational drugs and novel psychoactive substances. RESULTS Completed surveys were available from 533 students (47.8% of those invited to participate). One hundred thirteen (20.4%) students reported lifetime use of at least one recreational drug, cannabis (96, 18.7%) was commonly reported and only 6 (1.1%) reported use of a novel psychoactive substance. A total of 250 (47.8%) reported using alcohol at least once; those from White and Mixed ethnic groups were more likely to report using alcohol than those in other ethnic groups. A total of 382 (74.2%) students reported using tobacco at least once, and students from ethnic minorities were more likely to smoke than their White counterparts. CONCLUSION This study supports previous findings that alcohol and drug use are declining in adolescents in UK. There are different patterns of substance use amongst different ethnic groups; this is important to schools and policymakers planning interventions related to substance use in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penney
- From the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P I Dargan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, Clinical Toxicology, London, UK Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Padmore
- From the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D M Wood
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, Clinical Toxicology, London, UK Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I J Norman
- From the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
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Newton NC, Barrett EL, Castellanos-Ryan N, Kelly E, Champion KE, Stapinski L, Conrod PJ, Slade T, Nair N, Teesson M. The validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) among Australian adolescents. Addict Behav 2016; 53:23-30. [PMID: 26441044 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the validity of a brief personality screening measure for substance use in adolescents, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), among Australian adolescents. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 527 adolescents (mean age: 13.38years, SD=0.43) from seven Australian schools were assessed at two time points 24months apart. The concurrent and predictive validity of the SURPS was determined using a series of linear and logistic regressions, and was compared to the results in a United Kingdom (UK) sample. SURPS subscale scores for the Australian population were also reported and compared to those in the UK. FINDINGS Overall, the SURPS subscale scores for Australian adolescents were similar to those for adolescents from the UK. Tests of concurrent and predictive validity in the Australian sample demonstrated that the all four personality profiles - Hopelessness (H), Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), Impulsivity (IMP), and Sensation Seeking (SS) - were related to measures of substance use and other behavioural and emotional characteristics. In addition, all the predicted specific prospective relationships between the personality profiles and particular substance use and other behavioural problems were confirmed except that H was not associated with illicit drug use. Overall, the results were similar between the Australian and UK samples. CONCLUSIONS The SURPS is a valid and useful measure for identifying Australian adolescents at high-risk for substance use and other emotional and behavioural problems. Implications for prevention are discussed.
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Kulesza M, Grossbard JR, Kilmer J, Copeland AL, Larimer ME. Take One for the Team? Influence of Team and Individual Sport Participation on High School Athlete Substance Use Patterns. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2014; 23:217-223. [PMID: 25400492 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.786928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current web-based survey investigated the association between team or individual sport participation (or both) and self-reported alcohol and tobacco use among high school athletes (N=1, 275) transitioning to college. Peak Blood Alcohol Concentration, weekly drinking, and alcohol-related problems were significantly lower among athletes in individual sports compared to other groups. Athletes competing in both team and individual sports reported greater lifetime tobacco use and combined alcohol/tobacco use compared to individual or team sports alone. Preventive strategies targeting HS athletes in general and those participating in team sports in particular may be useful in minimizing future alcohol use and related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulesza
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Joel R Grossbard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 ; Health Services Research and Development, Veterans Affairs, Seattle 98108
| | - Jason Kilmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 ; Health and Wellness, Division of Student Life, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Abstract
The importance of studying risky behaviors in youth is determined by the initiation, development, and consolidation of different behaviors at this vital stage of life. Gender, as a cross-category analysis, has become one of the most decisive factors in the study of these behaviors. The aim of our study is to analyze the role of gender in risky behaviors (sexuality, road safety, and toxin consumption) of nursing students at the University of Seville. It is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. A self-administered questionnaire (N = 220) for first-year nursing students was used. Results indicate that gender is a variable that explains, from the unequal presence of men and women in pursuing nursing degrees, the different risky behaviors they adopt. The sample shows that risky behaviors among university students who are interested in health sciences are similar to those reported by younger people in the same and different context.
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Pedersen M, Andersen PK, Sabroe S. Determinants of Binge Drinking among Adolescents in Denmark. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2014. [DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2014-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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¿Es necesaria una intervención diferencial de género en la prevención universal y selectiva del consumo de drogas en adolescentes? REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2014; 7:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Castellanos-Ryan N, O'Leary-Barrett M, Sully L, Conrod P. Sensitivity and specificity of a brief personality screening instrument in predicting future substance use, emotional, and behavioral problems: 18-month predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37 Suppl 1:E281-90. [PMID: 22974180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), a measure of personality risk factors for substance use and other behavioral problems in adolescence. METHODS The concurrent and predictive validity of the SURPS was tested in a sample of 1,162 adolescents (mean age: 13.7 years) using linear and logistic regressions, while its sensitivity and specificity were examined using the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses. RESULTS Concurrent and predictive validity tests showed that all 4 brief scales-hopelessness (H), anxiety sensitivity (AS), impulsivity (IMP), and sensation seeking (SS)-were related, in theoretically expected ways, to measures of substance use and other behavioral and emotional problems. Results also showed that when using the 4 SURPS subscales to identify adolescents "at risk," one can identify a high number of those who developed problems (high sensitivity scores ranging from 72 to 91%). And, as predicted, because each scale is related to specific substance and mental health problems, good specificity was obtained when using the individual personality subscales (e.g., most adolescents identified at high risk by the IMP scale developed conduct or drug use problems within the next 18 months [a high specificity score of 70 to 80%]). CONCLUSIONS The SURPS is a valuable tool for identifying adolescents at high risk for substance misuse and other emotional and behavioral problems. Implications of findings for the use of this measure in future research and prevention interventions are discussed.
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Shih RA, Miles JNV, Tucker JS, Zhou AJ, D'Amico EJ. Racial/ethnic differences in adolescent substance use: mediation by individual, family, and school factors. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2011; 71:640-51. [PMID: 20731969 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2010.71.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined racial/ethnic differences in alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among a diverse sample of approximately 5,500 seventh and eighth graders. We also evaluated the extent to which individual, family, and school factors mediated racial/ ethnic disparities in use. METHOD Students (49% male) from 16 participating middle schools in southern California reported on lifetime and past-month substance use, individual factors (expectancies and resistance self-efficacy), family factors (familism, parental respect, and adult and older sibling use), and school factors (school-grade use and perceived peer use). We used generalized estimating equations to examine the odds of consumption for each racial/ethnic group adjusting for sex, grade, and family structure. Path analysis models tested mediation of racial/ethnic differences through individual, family, and school factors. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, grade, and family structure, Hispanics reported higher and Asians reported lower lifetime and past-month substance use, compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians. Rates of substance use did not differ between non-Hispanic African Americans and Caucasians. Several individual factors mediated the relationship between Hispanic ethnicity and substance use, including negative expectancies and resistance self-efficacy. Higher use among Hispanics was generally not explained by family or school factors. By contrast, several factors mediated the relationship between Asian race and lower alcohol use, including individual, family (parental respect, adult and older sibling use), and school (perceived peer use, school-grade use) factors. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of targeting specific individual, family, and school factors in tailored intervention efforts to reduce substance use among young minority adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Shih
- RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, Virginia 22202-5050, USA.
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Lemstra M, Neudorf C, Nannapaneni U, Bennett N, Scott C, Kershaw T. The role of economic and cultural status as risk indicators for alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2010; 14:225-30. [PMID: 20357920 DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of reports suggest that Aboriginal cultural status is a major risk indicator for drug and alcohol use. The primary purpose of the present paper was to determine whether Aboriginal cultural status is independently associated with risk behaviours, such as marijuana use and alcohol abuse, among youth after multivariate adjustment for other factors, such as socioeconomic status. METHODS Every student between grades 5 and 8 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, was asked to complete a questionnaire in February 2007. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk indicators associated with alcohol abuse and marijuana use. RESULTS Four thousand ninety-three youth participated in the school health survey. At the cross-tabulation level, cultural status and neighbourhood income were both strongly associated with alcohol and marijuana use. After multivariate adjustment, the association between Aboriginal cultural status and alcohol abuse was not statistically significant (crude OR=3.52 to adjusted OR=0.80). For marijuana use, the association was significantly reduced (crude OR=9.91 to adjusted OR=2.79). After controlling for all other variables, results showed that low-income youth were 103% more likely to get drunk at least once and were 163% more likely to have tried marijuana at least once. CONCLUSION To be more successful, future policies directed toward reducing risk behaviours among youth should consider neighbourhood income characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lemstra
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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Wanigaratne S, Dar K, Abdulrahim D, Strang J. Ethnicity and Drug Use: exploring the nature of particular relationships among diverse populations in the United Kingdom. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/0968763021000022220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamil Wanigaratne
- South London & Maudsley NHS Trust & National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, University of London, 4, Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Karim Dar
- Central North West London Mental Health NHS Trust, Gate House Alcohol Team, St Bernard's Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Middlesex, UB1 3EY, UK
| | - Dima Abdulrahim
- National Treatment Agency, 5th Floor, Hannibal House, London SE1 6TE, UK
| | - John Strang
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, University of London, 4, Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF
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McCambridge J, Strang J. Can it really be this black and white? An analysis of the relative importance of ethnic group and other sociodemographic factors to patterns of drug use and related risk among young Londoners. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09687630512331325754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Best D, Manning V, Gossop M, Witton J, Floyd K, Rawaf S, Strang J. Adolescent psychological health problems and delinquency among volatile substance users in a school sample in South London. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09687630410001668960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Adolescencia, consumo de drogas y comportamientos de riesgo: diferencias por sexo, etnicidad y áreas geográficas en España. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0973(09)71380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alderete E, Kaplan CP, Gregorich SE, Mejía R, Pérez-Stable EJ. Smoking behavior and ethnicity in Jujuy, Argentina: evidence from a low-income youth sample. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:632-46. [PMID: 19360537 PMCID: PMC3570082 DOI: 10.1080/10826080902809717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Latin America is the world region with the highest rates of youth tobacco use and widest socioeconomic gaps, yet no data are available on smoking among Indigenous people, the largest disadvantaged group in the region. A self-administered survey of 3,131 8th grade youth enrolled in a random sample of 27 urban and rural schools was administered in 2004 in Jujuy, Argentina. Standard questions adapted from global surveys were used. Compared with youth of European background (11.4%; 95% CI 6.7-15.1), Indigenous (23.0%; 95% CI 21.0-25.0), and Mixed ethnicity (23%; 95% CI 18.9-27.1) youth had higher prevalence of current smoking. The odds of current smoking remained significantly elevated for Indigenous (OR 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1-3.3) and Mixed youth (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4) after controlling for confounders. Other risk factors that were associated with current smoking included: having any friends who smoke, repeating a grade in school, depressive symptoms in previous year, drinking any alcohol in the previous week and thrill seeking orientation. These results underscore the importance of social and cultural diversity aspects of the global tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Alderete
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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20
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Lemstra M, Bennett NR, Neudorf C, Kunst A, Nannapaneni U, Warren LM, Kershaw T, Scott CR. A meta-analysis of marijuana and alcohol use by socio-economic status in adolescents aged 10-15 years. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2008. [PMID: 18615935 DOI: 10.1007/bf03405467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A majority of population-based studies suggest prevalence of drug and alcohol risk behaviour increases during late adolescence to early adulthood. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to clarify if socio-economic status (SES) is a determinant of marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour in adolescents between the ages of 10-15 years. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis to identify published or unpublished papers between January 1, 1980 and February 9, 2007 that reviewed marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour by SES in adolescents aged 10-15 years. SYNTHESIS We found nine studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria and passed the methodological quality review. The prevalence of marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour was 22% higher (RR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.14-1.31) in adolescents with low SES in comparison to adolescents with higher SES. Stratification by country of origin revealed that American and New Zealand studies had statistically significant variability in the reported effects as compared to European and UK studies. DISCUSSION The evidence suggests that low SES has an inverse association with the prevalence of marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour in adolescents between the ages of 10-15 years. Higher rates of marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour among lower SES adolescents may impact emotional development, limit future educational and occupational achievement, and increase the likelihood for adult marijuana and alcohol addiction. CONCLUSION Lower SES adolescents have higher rates of marijuana and alcohol risk behaviour than higher SES adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lemstra
- Population Health Research Unit, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW More than half of the world's population is living in urban areas, but the evidence about urban-rural differences in drug use is not clearly defined. The present paper aims to review the international literature addressing the role of urbanization and related parameters in association with substance misuse. In particular, the evidence of urbanization being a risk factor for substance misuse is examined. RECENT FINDINGS Although it has been suggested that substance misuse is typically a characteristic of large urban areas, this did not appear to be a consistent observation from the literature review. Furthermore, the urban context may offer a relative proximity of health services and prompter emergency intervention in case of overdose. SUMMARY Although more efforts have to be put into explaining substance misuse in general, identifying which characteristics of the urban context are modifiable, and under what circumstances, is an important theoretical, empirical, and public health question.
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22
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Oei TPS, Jardim CL. Alcohol expectancies, drinking refusal self-efficacy and drinking behaviour in Asian and Australian students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 87:281-7. [PMID: 16996231 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of alcohol expectancies (AE) and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) in predicting alcohol consumption in Caucasians has been well studied. However, the role of AE and DRSE in Asian students is still not well understood. This study reported on this using Caucasian (n=98) and Asian (n=92) student samples. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure their hazardous alcohol consumption, and the drinking expectancy profile (DEP) to assess their alcohol related expectancies and ability to resist drinking in certain situations. Results showed that Caucasians reported significantly higher confidence, higher sexual interest, and higher tension reduction expectancies than Asians. Conversely, Asians significantly expected cognitive enhancement and negative consequences more than Caucasians. Relative to Caucasians, the Asian sample also reported that they would be more able to refuse alcohol when under social pressure. Results from regression analyses showed that for the Caucasian sample, AE, DRSE and their interactions were significant predictors of alcohol consumption. For the Asian group, the only significant effect to emerge was that DRSE was negatively related to alcohol consumption. The clinical implications of the differential pattern of results between the samples are discussed in terms of self-efficacy and negative consequences of alcohol consumption, especially when dealing with university aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian P S Oei
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
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23
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Abstract
There is widespread concern about the health and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption among young men. Interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm will be affected by ambivalence toward alcohol, because ambivalent attitudes are worse predictors of behaviour than are homogeneous attitudes. It is therefore important to identify aspects of alcohol consumption about which young men are not ambivalent. In-depth interviews were conducted with a socioeconomically diverse sample of 31 men, aged 18-21 living in London, UK. Ambivalence toward alcohol was widespread. None of the drinkers who were interviewed had uncomplicated positive evaluations of drinking: all mentioned compelling reasons not to drink. Most motives for drinking were also identified as reasons for not drinking if consumption became excessive. However, three motives for not drinking were not also motives for drinking: violence, alcoholism, and cost. These findings should be considered during the design of interventions to reduce the health and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption amongst young men.
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Jayakody AA, Viner RM, Haines MM, Bhui KS, Head JA, Taylor SJC, Booy R, Klineberg E, Clark C, Stansfeld SA. Illicit and traditional drug use among ethnic minority adolescents in East London. Public Health 2006; 120:329-38. [PMID: 16543028 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore ethnic variations in the use of illicit and traditional drugs, and the association of indicators of acculturation with drug use among an ethnically diverse representative sample of early adolescents in East London. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. METHODS Confidential questionnaires were used to assess 2789 male and female pupils in years 7 and 9, aged 11-14 years old, from a representative sample of 28 secondary schools in East London. RESULTS In total, 10.8% reported having ever tried illicit drugs and 7.3% reported ever using cannabis. Compared with white British adolescents, cannabis use in the previous month was significantly higher amongst black Caribbean adolescents. Lifetime cannabis use was significantly higher amongst black Caribbean and mixed ethnicity young people, but was lower amongst Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani adolescents. Living in UK for 5 years or less markedly reduced the risk of lifetime and recent cannabis use when controlled for ethnicity and social class. Glue or solvent use was reported in 3.2% of adolescents, with use significantly higher amongst Bangladeshi young people. Lifetime paan use was reported by 14.1% of the sample, and was almost completely confined to South Asian or mixed ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic differences in illicit drug use were found in the study population, and significant differences were found between ethnic groups often identified as 'black.' Further research is needed in understanding cultural-specific risk and protective factors in different ethnic groups, and the importance of cultural identity in mediating health risk behaviors. The high use of paan and glue/gas/solvents by Bangladeshi young people poses an unappreciated public health problem that may require targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Jayakody
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK
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25
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Viner RM, Haines MM, Head JA, Bhui K, Taylor S, Stansfeld SA, Hillier S, Booy R. Variations in associations of health risk behaviors among ethnic minority early adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38:55. [PMID: 16387249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate patterns of vulnerability and protection factors associated with risk behaviors and the co-occurrence of risk behaviors in minority ethnicity early adolescents. METHODS Analysis of data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a school-based study of a representative sample of 2789 adolescents age 11-14 in 2001 (sample 73% non-Caucasian, 21% born outside the United Kingdom). Questionnaire data were obtained on sociodemographic variables, ethnicity, smoking, drinking, drug use, psychological well-being, physical health, and social support from family and peers. Models of associations for each behavior and co-occurrence of risk behaviors (defined as engaging in > or = 2 behaviors) were developed by hierarchical stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-two (10.9%) reported 1 risk behavior, 84 (3.1%) reported 2, and 25 (0.9%) reported 3 behaviors. In multivariate models, psychological morbidity was associated with higher risk of all behaviors and co-occurrence, while higher family support was associated with lower risk in all models. Non-Caucasian ethnicity was associated with lower risk of regular smoking and co-occurrence but not drinking or drugs. Birth outside the United Kingdom was associated with lower risk for individual behaviors but not co-occurrence. Religion and religious observance were associated with lower risk of smoking and drinking but not drug use or co-occurrence. Peer connectedness was associated with drug use, but with increased risk. Socioeconomic status was associated only with smoking. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of associations of personal, family, and environmental factors appear to differ between smoking, drinking, lifetime drug use, and the co-occurrence of these behaviors. Hypotheses regarding common factors related to health risk behaviors may be misleading in ethnic minorities and immigrants. Co-occurrence may represent a distinct behavioral domain of risk that is partly culturally determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell M Viner
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, University College, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Gardner M, Steinberg L. Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: an experimental study. Dev Psychol 2005; 41:625-35. [PMID: 16060809 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 306 individuals in 3 age groups--adolescents (13-16), youths (18-22), and adults (24 and older)--completed 2 questionnaire measures assessing risk preference and risky decision making, and 1 behavioral task measuring risk taking. Participants in each age group were randomly assigned to complete the measures either alone or with 2 same-aged peers. Analyses indicated that (a) risk taking and risky decision making decreased with age; (b) participants took more risks, focused more on the benefits than the costs of risky behavior, and made riskier decisions when in peer groups than alone; and (c) peer effects on risk taking and risky decision making were stronger among adolescents and youths than adults. These findings support the idea that adolescents are more inclined toward risky behavior and risky decision making than are adults and that peer influence plays an important role in explaining risky behavior during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Stillwell G, Boys A, Marsden J. Alcohol use by young people from different ethnic groups: consumption, intoxication and negative consequences. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2004; 9:171-187. [PMID: 15223575 DOI: 10.1080/1355785042000222879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate alcohol consumption among mid-adolescents from different ethnic groups and explore overall and gender variations in drinking behaviours. METHODS A survey of alcohol use by 609 14-16 year olds recruited from three schools in an ethnically diverse area of London. Approximately 70% of the sample was of white English, white Irish, black Caribbean or black African ethnic origin. Self-report information was collected via a researcher-administered structured interview. RESULTS There was a significantly lower prevalence of lifetime alcohol use among black African respondents than among the other three ethnic groups. Black African males and males and females from the two white ethnic groups reported drinking above levels recommended by the English Department of Health. Among the recent drinkers, over half of the white Irish and white English groups and over a quarter of black Caribbean and black African groups had been intoxicated in the 90 days before interview. Approximately three quarters of the white English and white Irish recent drinkers, but only a half of black Caribbean and black African recent drinkers had experienced a negative drinking-related consequence during the last year. CONCLUSIONS The survey findings suggest that while young people of white English or white Irish ethnic origin from the populations studied are more likely to drink excessively and experience negative consequences from their drinking than black African and black Caribbean youth, a substantial minority of black African and black Caribbean youth also experience alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Stillwell
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, 4 Windson Walk, London, UK.
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Vickers KS, Thomas JL, Patten CA, Mrazek DA. Prevention of tobacco use in adolescents: review of current findings and implications for healthcare providers. Curr Opin Pediatr 2002; 14:708-12. [PMID: 12436041 DOI: 10.1097/00008480-200212000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent research on adolescent smoking initiation and youth tobacco prevention and control strategies. Gender, ethnicity, family factors, and genetics are associated with smoking initiation and adolescent tobacco use. Evidence indicates that comprehensive tobacco control programs are an effective strategy for reducing adolescent smoking, and even modest gains from prevention and cessation efforts could lead to substantial reductions in the morbidity and mortality costs of smoking. Clinicians have an important role in prevention and treatment of tobacco use in adolescents, and the rate of delivery of clinical preventive services in this area should be increased. Consequently, clinicians working with adolescents should be familiar with established guidelines regarding tobacco use prevention and treatment and use general outpatient office visits as an important opportunity to prevent tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S Vickers
- Nicotine Dependence Center Research Program and the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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