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He L, Cao J, Xie X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Ma L. Effects and mechanism of Qingke Pingchuan granules against influenza virus infection. Arch Virol 2024; 169:130. [PMID: 38807015 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Qingke Pingchuan granules (QPGs), which contain Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Fritillaria cirrhosa, fired licorice, and fired bitter almonds, among other components, can clear heat and ventilate the lungs, relieving cough and asthma. Clinically, QPGs are mainly used to treat cough, asthma, fever and other discomforts caused by acute or chronic bronchitis. In this study, the antiviral activity of QPGs against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), oseltamivir-resistant H1N1, A/Beijing/32/92 (H3N2), Sendai virus, and human adenovirus type 3 in Hep-2 or MDCK cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 method, and the cytotoxicity of QPGs to these two cell lines was tested. The effect of QPGs on mice infected with influenza A virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) was evaluated by measuring body weight, survival time, and survival rate, as well as virus titers and lesions in the lungs and levels of inflammatory factors in serum. In addition, the expression of TLR-7-My88-NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in lung tissues was analyzed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. The results showed that QPGs had a potent inhibitory effect on the six viruses tested in vitro. Interestingly, QPGs also displayed particularly pronounced antiviral activity against H1N1-OC, similar to that of oseltamivir, a well-known antiviral drug. QPGs effectively protected mice from infection by H1N1, as indicated by significantly increased body weights, survival times, and survival rates and reduced lung virus titers of inflammatory factors and lung tissue injury. The levels of TLR-7-MyD88-NF-κB-pathway-related proteins in the lung tissue of infected mice were found to be decreased after QPG treatment, thereby alleviating lung injury caused by excessive release of inflammatory factors. Taken together, these findings indicate that QPGs have satisfactory activity against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Jiarui Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Lei Yun Shang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Lei Yun Shang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Lei Yun Shang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
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Wilks LR, Joshi G, Rychener N, Gill HS. Generation of Broad Protection against Influenza with Di-Tyrosine-Cross-Linked M2e Nanoclusters. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1552-1560. [PMID: 38623820 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine cross-linking has recently been used to produce nanoclusters (NCs) from peptides to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, NCs were generated using the ectodomain of the ion channel Matrix 2 (M2e) protein, a conserved influenza surface antigen. The NCs were administered via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes in a mouse model in a prime-boost regimen in the presence of the adjuvant CpG. After boost, a significant increase in anti-M2e IgG and its subtypes was observed in the serum and lungs of mice vaccinated through the IM and IN routes; however, significant enhancement in anti-M2e IgA in lungs was observed only in the IN group. Analysis of cytokine concentrations in stimulated splenocyte cultures indicated a Th1/Th17-biased response. Mice were challenged with a lethal dose of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm), A/Puerto Rico/08/1934 (H1N1), or A/Hong Kong/08/1968 (H3N2) strains. Mice that received M2e NCs + CpG were significantly protected against these strains and showed decreased lung viral titers compared with the naive mice and M2e NC-alone groups. The IN-vaccinated group showed superior protection against the H3N2 strain as compared to the IM group. This research extends our earlier efforts involving the tyrosine-based cross-linking method and highlights the potential of this technology in enhancing the immunogenicity of short peptide immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R Wilks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Natalie Rychener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
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Lim CML, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAAB, Radhakrishnan AK, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13276. [PMID: 38513364 PMCID: PMC10957243 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Myn Li Lim
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
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Li L, Guo T, Yuan Y, Xiao J, Yang R, Wang H, Xu W, Yin Y, Zhang X. ΔA146Ply-HA stem protein immunization protects mice against influenza A virus infection and co-infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:91-103. [PMID: 37531919 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) is a common pathogen affecting the upper respiratory tract, that causes various diseases. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a common complication and a major cause of death in influenza patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the predominant co-infected bacteria in the pandemic, which colonizes healthy people but can cause diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Vaccination is a crucial strategy for avoiding infection, however, no universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that is resistant to multiple influenza viruses is available. Despite its limited immunogenicity, the hemagglutinin (HA) stem is a candidate peptide for UIV. ΔA146Ply (pneumolysin with a single deletion of A146) not only retains the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist effect but also is a potential vaccine adjuvant and a candidate protein for the S. pneumoniae vaccine. We constructed the fusion protein ΔA146Ply-HA stem and studied its immunoprotective effect in mice infection models. The results showed that intramuscular immunization of ΔA146Ply-HA stem without adjuvant could induce specific antibodies against HA stem and specific CD4+ T and CD8+ T cellular immunity in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, which could improve the survival rate of mice infected with IAV and co-infected with S. pneumoniae, but the protective effect on BALB/c mice was better than that on C57BL/6 mice. ΔA146Ply-HA stem serum antibody could protect BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice from IAV, and recognized HA polypeptides of H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 viruses. Moreover, ΔA146Ply-HA stem intramuscular immunization had a high safety profile with no obvious toxic side effects. The results indicated that coupling ΔA146Ply with influenza protein as a vaccine was a safe and effective strategy against the IV and secondary S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangming Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hanyi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Hou W, Lv L, Wang Y, Xing M, Guo Y, Xie D, Wei X, Zhang X, Liu H, Ren J, Zhou D. 6-Valent Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Induced Potent and Sustained Immunity Against Noroviruses in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906275. [PMID: 35711416 PMCID: PMC9197435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and no vaccine is currently available. The genetic and antigenic diversity of Norovirus presents challenges for providing broad immune protection, which calls for a multivalent vaccine application. In this study, we investigated the possibility of developing a virus-like particle (VLP)-based 6-valent Norovirus vaccine candidate (Hexa-VLPs) that covers GI.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17 genotypes. Hexa-VLPs (30 µg) adjuvanted with 500 µg of aluminum hydroxide (alum) were selected as the optimal immunization dose after a dose-escalation study. Potent and long-lasting blockade antibody responses were induced by 2-or 3-shot Hexa-VLPs, especially for the emerging GII.P16-GII.2 and GII.17 (Kawasaki 2014) genotypes. Hexa-VLPs plus alum elicited Th1/Th2 mixed yet Th2-skewed immune responses, characterized by an IgG1-biased subclass profile and significant IL-4+ T-cell activation. Notably, simultaneous immunization with a mixture of six VLPs revealed no immunological interference among the component antigens. These results demonstrate that Hexa-VLPs are promising broad-spectrum vaccines to provide immunoprotection against major GI/GII epidemic strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihui Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Xie
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
| | - Jiling Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
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6
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Mintaev R, Glazkova D, Bogoslovskaya E, Shipulin G. Immunogenic epitope prediction to create a universal influenza vaccine. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09364. [PMID: 35540935 PMCID: PMC9079173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Ren Y, Lu X, Yang Z, Lei H. Protective immunity induced by oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine against H5Nx in chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:3. [PMID: 34980121 PMCID: PMC8720943 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an influenza vaccine for poultry that provides broadly protective immunity against influenza H5Nx viruses is a challenging goal. RESULTS Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis)/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 expressing hemagglutinin-1 (HA1) of A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD-15A59/2015 (H5N6) and the conserved M2 gene of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) was generated. L. lactis/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 could induce significant humoral, mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses, as well as neutralization antibodies. Importantly, L. lactis/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 could prevent disease symptoms without significant weight loss and confer protective immunity in a chicken model against lethal challenge with divergent influenza H5Nx viruses, including H5N6 and H5N1. CONCLUSIONS L. lactis/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 can serve as a promising vaccine candidate in poultry industry for providing protection against H5Nx virus infection in the field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghe Yang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Lei
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
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Bertran K, Kassa A, Criado MF, Nuñez IA, Lee DH, Killmaster L, Sá E Silva M, Ross TM, Mebatsion T, Pritchard N, Swayne DE. Efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Vaccine 2021; 39:1933-1942. [PMID: 33715903 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateri Bertran
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Miria F Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Ivette A Nuñez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology & Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Mariana Sá E Silva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Teshome Mebatsion
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Nikki Pritchard
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1112 Airport Parkway, Gainesville, GA 30503, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Sánchez-Cano A, Andrés C, Herance JR, Pumarola T, Antón A, Baldrich E. Detection of Viruses and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies Using Synthetic Erythrocytes: Toward a Tuneable Tool for Virus Surveillance. ACS Sens 2021; 6:83-90. [PMID: 33427446 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) is a classical method used worldwide in many analytical applications, including pathogen identification, vaccine production monitoring, and detection and characterization of pathogen-neutralizing antibodies (n-Ab). This is also a World Health Organization (WHO) reference method for the global surveillance of influenza viruses, which provides the information needed for the annual reformulation of the flu vaccine. HAI is a simple and inexpensive method that is performed without sophisticated equipment. However, it has to be carried out with fresh red blood cells (RBCs), a highly variable, unstable, and hard to mass-produce reagent, which impairs assay reproducibility. Here, we used the tests employed for influenza surveillance as a model to develop synthrocytes©, a synthetic reagent that could substitute animal erythrocytes in HAI. Contrary to previous examples exploiting sophisticated production paths to generate therapeutic synthetic RBCs, we founded production on the identification of microparticles able to generate different sedimentation patterns when agglutinated or not, which is the main requirement for HAI testing. Upon incorporation of influenza-binding receptors and optimization of production and assay conditions, synthrocytes succeeded in binding influenza A(H1N1) and B viruses as erythrocytes do, but were faster and more stable. Synthrocytes were finally employed in an HAI-like assay to detect the WHO reference reagents for influenza surveillance. Our results show that it is possible to substitute erythrocytes in classical HAI by a highly tuneable and potentially mass-produced synthetic reagent, which should facilitate worldwide HAI standardization with minimal equipment or training requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Cano
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - José R. Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Tomás Pumarola
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Eva Baldrich
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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10
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Chauhan N, Soni S, Gupta A, Aslam M, Jain U. Interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1967-1982. [PMID: 33270225 PMCID: PMC7753271 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 started with the emergence of novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes COVID‐19 infection. Soon after the first evidence was reported in Wuhan, China, the World Health Organization declared global public health emergency and imminent need to understand the pathogenicity of the virus was required in limited time. Once the genome sequence of the virus was delineated, scientists across the world started working on the development of vaccines. Although, some laboratories have been using previously developed vaccine platforms from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus and apply them in COVID‐19 vaccines due to genetic similarities between coronaviruses. We have conducted a literature review to assess the background and current status of COVID‐19 vaccines. The worldwide implementation and strategies for COVID‐19 vaccine development are summarized from studies reported in years 2015–2020. While discussing the vaccine candidates, we have also explained interpretative immune responses of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. There are several vaccine candidates at preclinical and clinical stages; however, only 42 vaccines are under clinical trials. Therefore, more industry collaborations and financial supports to COVID‐19 studies are needed for mass‐scale vaccine development. To develop effective vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2, the genetic resemblance with other coronaviruses are being evaluated which may further promote fast‐track trials on previously developed SARS‐CoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Shringika Soni
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Abhinandan Gupta
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Rahat Hospital and Research Centre, Noor Mahal, AVAS Vikas, Rampur, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
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Chen L, Hao G. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1932-1936. [PMID: 32267499 PMCID: PMC7184394 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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12
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Progress in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091033. [PMID: 32957468 PMCID: PMC7551969 DOI: 10.3390/v12091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health. They are responsible for a large number of deaths annually and have a serious impact on the global economy. There are numerous influenza virus subtypes, antigenic variations occur continuously, and epidemic trends are difficult to predict—all of which lead to poor outcomes of routine vaccination against targeted strain subtypes. Therefore, the development of universal influenza vaccines still constitutes the ideal strategy for controlling influenza. This article reviews the progress in development of universal vaccines directed against the conserved regions of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and other structural proteins of influenza viruses using new technologies and strategies with the goals of enhancing our understanding of universal influenza vaccines and providing a reference for research into the exploitation of natural immunity against influenza viruses.
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13
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Plant EP, Manukyan H, Laassri M, Ye Z. Insights from the comparison of genomic variants from two influenza B viruses grown in the presence of human antibodies in cell culture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239015. [PMID: 32925936 PMCID: PMC7489522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the extent and limitation of viral genome evolution can provide insight about potential drug and vaccine targets. Influenza B Viruses (IBVs) infect humans in a seasonal manner and causes significant morbidity and mortality. IBVs are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome and can be divided into two antigenically distinct lineages. The two lineages have been circulating and further evolving for almost four decades. The immune response to IBV infection can lead to antibodies that target the strain causing the infection. Some antibodies are cross-reactive and are able to bind strains from both lineages but, because of antigenic drift and immunodominance, both lineages continue to evolve and challenge human health. Here we investigate changes in the genomes of an IBVs from each lineage after passage in tissue culture in the presence of human sera containing polyclonal antibodies directed toward antigenically and temporally distinct viruses. Our previous analysis of the fourth segment, which encodes the major surface protein HA, revealed a pattern of change in which signature sequences from one lineage mutated to the signature sequences of the other lineage. Here we analyze genes from the other genomic segments and observe that most of the quasispecies’ heterogeneity occurs at the same loci in each lineage. The nature of the variants at these loci are investigated and possible reasons for this pattern are discussed. This work expands our understanding of the extent and limitations of genomic change in IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan P. Plant
- Office of Vaccine Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hasmik Manukyan
- Office of Vaccine Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Majid Laassri
- Office of Vaccine Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Office of Vaccine Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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14
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Kiseleva I. New Points of Departure for More Global Influenza Vaccine Use. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030410. [PMID: 32718042 PMCID: PMC7563509 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, influenza causes a significant acute respiratory disease burden. In addition, influenza pandemics periodically occur. Annual vaccination is the best tool for influenza prevention, but its effectiveness can vary from year to year. The narrow specificity of conventional vaccines and the drug resistance of currently circulating viruses reduce the effectiveness of prophylaxis and treatment and require the development of new broad-spectrum preparations. Furthermore, the challenge of creating a highly effective universal influenza vaccine takes on renewed intensity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-812-234-6860
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Medical Technologies, St Petersburg University, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Influenza is a major cause of morbidity in dialysis patients. RECENT FINDINGS A recent meta-analysis finds reduced influenza infections, hospitalizations and deaths with use of high dose as compared with standard-dose vaccine in the elderly. There remain no randomized clinical trials of vaccine efficacy in dialysis patients. One observational study finds reduced all-cause hospitalization with high-dose as compared with standard-dose vaccine but another study finds no difference in influenza related events. A simulation study, in which the timing of vaccination and antibody waning rates are varied, finds vaccine efficacy among populations prone to premature waning, to be greater if the vaccine is administered later, as long as the opportunity to vaccinate does not decline. In a phase 3 trial involving low-risk patients with uncomplicated influenza, baloxavir (which is of a novel class of antiinfluenza treatment), was associated with a faster decline in virus titers and no difference in resolution of symptoms as compared with oseltamivir. SUMMARY By extension of high-quality evidence in the elderly, we recommend using the high dose vaccine in all dialysis patients. Vaccine efficacy may be enhanced in dialysis patients if vaccination is delayed until late October to mid-November. It is premature to use baloxavir over oseltamivir or the combination to treat influenza in dialysis patients though trials are forthcoming.
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16
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Ostrowsky J, Arpey M, Moore K, Osterholm M, Friede M, Gordon J, Higgins D, Molto-Lopez J, Seals J, Bresee J. Tracking progress in universal influenza vaccine development. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 40:28-36. [PMID: 32279026 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are designed to stimulate neutralizing antibodies against immunodominant but highly variable hemagglutinin antigens. Inherent limitations include suboptimal protection against rapidly changing seasonal influenza viruses and a lack of protection against antigenically novel pandemic influenza. New technologies for developing influenza vaccines that induce more broadly protective and durable immunity are a growing area of research and focus on a variety of approaches, including targeting conserved antigens and stimulating cross-reactive T cell responses. This review highlights a new effort to track the development of universal influenza vaccine technologies. The Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape is intended to provide stakeholders and funders with a common source of information to monitor research progress and identify opportunities for informed investments and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ostrowsky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Meredith Arpey
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristine Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Friede
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Deborah Higgins
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Julia Molto-Lopez
- Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, rue Champ de Mars 21, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Seals
- Office of Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services, 330 Independence Ave SW, Washington DC 20201, USA
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Global Funders Consortium for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development, Task Force for Global Health, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
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17
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Zeigler DF, Gage E, Roque R, Clegg CH. Epitope targeting with self-assembled peptide vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:30. [PMID: 31341647 PMCID: PMC6642127 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are being used to simplify and accelerate new vaccine development. Previously, we described the solid-phase synthesis of a 61-amino acid conjugate vaccine carrier comprising a α-helical domain followed by two universal T cell epitopes. Circular dichroism, analytical centrifugation, and dynamic light scattering indicate that this carrier forms coiled-coil nanoparticles. Here we expand the potential of this carrier by appending B cell epitopes to its amino acid sequence, thereby eliminating the need for traditional conjugation reactions. Peptides containing Tau or amyloid-β epitopes at either terminus assemble into ~20 nm particles and induce antibody responses in outbred mice. Vaccine function was verified in three experiments. The first targeted gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a 10-amino acid neuropeptide that regulates sexual development. Induction of peak antibody titers in male mice stimulated a dramatic loss in fertility and marked testis degeneration. The second experiment generated antibodies to an epitope on the murine IgE heavy chain analogous to human IgE sequence recognized by omalizumab, the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of allergic asthma. Like omalizumab, the anti-IgE antibodies in immunized mice reduced the concentrations of circulating free IgE and prevented IgE-induced anaphylaxis. Finally, a peptide containing the highly conserved Helix A epitope within the influenza hemagglutinin stem domain induced antibodies that successfully protected mice against a lethal H1N1 challenge. These results establish the utility of a new vaccine platform for eliciting prophylactic and therapeutic antibodies to linear and helical B cell epitopes. Synthetic nanoparticles have the potential to be a simple, efficacious, and customizable platform for vaccine delivery. Christopher H. Clegg and colleagues include B cell epitopes on a self-assembling α-helical peptide nanoparticle carrier in order to elicit robust antibody generation. This novel vaccine platform is validated in vivo to produce physiologically-relevant antibodies in three different settings: an antibody-mediated ‘castration’ approach (anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone), depletion of IgE (by generation of anti-IgE), and finally production of antibodies to a conserved H1N1 influenza epitope that mediates a protective effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Zeigler
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Emily Gage
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Richard Roque
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.,2Present Address: MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
| | - Christopher H Clegg
- 1TRIA Bioscience Corp, Suite 260, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
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