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Gopinath D, Koe KH, Maharajan MK, Panda S. A Comprehensive Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and the Management of Herpes Labialis. Viruses 2023; 15:225. [PMID: 36680265 PMCID: PMC9867007 DOI: 10.3390/v15010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes labialis remains exceedingly prevalent and is one of the most common human viral infections throughout the world. Recurrent herpes labialis evolves from the initial viral infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which subsequently presents with or without symptoms. Reactivation of this virus is triggered by psychosocial factors such as stress, febrile environment, ultraviolet light susceptibility, or specific dietary inadequacy. This virus infection is also characterized by uninterrupted transitions between chronic-latent and acute-recurrent phases, allowing the virus to opportunistically avoid immunity and warrant the transmission to other vulnerable hosts simultaneously. This review comprehensively evaluates the current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission modes, clinical manifestations, and current management options of herpes labialis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopinath
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kim Hoe Koe
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Swagatika Panda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
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2
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Hu H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Wan H, Yin Z, Li L, Liang X, Zhao X, Yin L, Ye G, Zou YF, Tang H, Jia R, Chen Y, Zhou H, Song X. Myricetin inhibits pseudorabies virus infection through direct inactivation and activating host antiviral defense. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:985108. [PMID: 36187970 PMCID: PMC9520584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin, a polyhydroxyflavone compound, is one of the main ingredients of various human foods and therefore also known as dietary flavonoids. Due to the continuous emergence of resistant strains of herpesviruses, novel control measures are required. In the present study, myricetin exhibited potent antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV), a model organism of herpesvirus. The suppression rate could reach up to 96.4% at a concentration of 500 μM in cells, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 42.69 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory activity was not attenuated by the increased amount of infective dose, and a significant reduction of intracellular PRV virions was observed by indirect immunofluorescence. A mode of action study indicated that myricetin could directly inactivate the virus in vitro, leading to inhibition of viral adsorption, penetration and replication in cells. In addition to direct killing effect, myricetin could also activate host antiviral defense through regulation of apoptosis-related gene expressions (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax), NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and cytokine gene expressions (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, c-Jun, STAT1, c-Fos, and c-Myc). In PRV-infected mouse model, myricetin could enhance the survival rate by 40% at 5 days post infection, and viral loads in kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were significantly decreased. The pathological changes caused by PRV infection were improved by myricetin treatment. The gene expressions of inflammatory factors (MCP-1, G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and apoptotic factors (Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and Bax) were regulated by myricetin in PRV-infected mice. The present findings suggest that myricetin can effectively inhibit PRV infection and become a candidate for development of new anti-herpesvirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyue Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Wan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhou,
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Xu Song,
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3
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Gupta I, Ghabreau L, Al-Thawadi H, Yasmeen A, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE, Malki MI. Co-incidence of Human Papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr Virus Is Associated With High to Intermediate Tumor Grade in Human Head and Neck Cancer in Syria. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1016. [PMID: 32974123 PMCID: PMC7468388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (high-risk HPVs) have been recently reported to be co-present with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in different types of human cancers including head and neck (HN), where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Accordingly, we herein explored the prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 80 HN cancer tissues from the Syrian population using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray methodologies. We report that high-risk HPVs and EBV are present in 35/80 (43.7%) and 41/80 (51.2%) of our samples, respectively, and the most frequent HPV types are 33, 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 35, 51, and 31, in this order. More significantly, our data reveal that 25/80 (31.2%) of cancer cases are positive for high-risk HPVs as well as EBV, and their co-presence is associated with high/intermediate-grade squamous cell carcinomas. These data confirm the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in HN cancers in the Syrian population of the Middle East and demonstrate that their co-incidence is linked to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, future studies are required to confirm these data and elucidate the exact role of high-risk and EBV cooperation in human HN carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society Against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Brooks BD, Closmore A, Yang J, Holland M, Cairns T, Cohen GH, Bailey-Kellogg C. Characterizing Epitope Binding Regions of Entire Antibody Panels by Combining Experimental and Computational Analysis of Antibody: Antigen Binding Competition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163659. [PMID: 32796656 PMCID: PMC7464469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies depend on the ability of antibodies to sensitively and specifically recognize particular antigens and specific epitopes on those antigens. As such, detailed characterization of antibody-antigen binding provides important information to guide development. Due to the time and expense required, high-resolution structural characterization techniques are typically used sparingly and late in a development process. Here, we show that antibody-antigen binding can be characterized early in a process for whole panels of antibodies by combining experimental and computational analyses of competition between monoclonal antibodies for binding to an antigen. Experimental "epitope binning" of monoclonal antibodies uses high-throughput surface plasmon resonance to reveal which antibodies compete, while a new complementary computational analysis that we call "dock binning" evaluates antibody-antigen docking models to identify why and where they might compete, in terms of possible binding sites on the antigen. Experimental and computational characterization of the identified antigenic hotspots then enables the refinement of the competitors and their associated epitope binding regions on the antigen. While not performed at atomic resolution, this approach allows for the group-level identification of functionally related monoclonal antibodies (i.e., communities) and identification of their general binding regions on the antigen. By leveraging extensive epitope characterization data that can be readily generated both experimentally and computationally, researchers can gain broad insights into the basis for antibody-antigen recognition in wide-ranging vaccine and immunotherapy discovery and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
- Inovan Inc., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.C.); (G.H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-435-222-1403
| | - Adam Closmore
- Department of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Juechen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Holland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (J.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Tina Cairns
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.C.); (G.H.C.)
| | - Gary H. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.C.); (G.H.C.)
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5
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Xu X, Feng X, Wang L, Yi T, Zheng L, Jiang G, Fan S, Liao Y, Feng M, Zhang Y, Li D, Li Q. A HSV1 mutant leads to an attenuated phenotype and induces immunity with a protective effect. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008703. [PMID: 32776994 PMCID: PMC7440667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) is a complicated structural agent with a sophisticated transcription process and a high infection rate. A vaccine against HSV1 is urgently needed. As multiple viral-encoded proteins, including structural and nonstructural proteins, contribute to immune response stimulation, an attenuated or deficient HSV1 vaccine may be relatively reliable. Advances in genomic modification technologies provide reliable means of constructing various HSV vaccine candidates. Based on our previous work, an M6 mutant with mutations in the UL7, UL41, LAT, Us3, Us11 and Us12 genes was established. The mutant exhibited low proliferation in cells and an attenuated phenotype in an animal model. Furthermore, in mice and rhesus monkeys, the mutant can induce remarkable serum neutralizing antibody titers and T cell activation and protect against HSV1 challenge by impeding viral replication, dissemination and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Zheng
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Shengtao Fan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Min Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
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Gupta I, Nasrallah GK, Sharma A, Jabeen A, Smatti MK, Al-Thawadi HA, Sultan AA, Alkhalaf M, Vranic S, Moustafa AEA. Co-prevalence of human Papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in healthy blood donors from diverse nationalities in Qatar. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:107. [PMID: 32265596 PMCID: PMC7118960 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections by both human oncoviruses, human Papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are very common in the adult human population and are associated with various malignancies. While HPV is generally transmitted sexually or via skin-to-skin contact, EBV is frequently transmitted by oral secretions, blood transfusions and organ transplants. This study aims to determine the prevalence and circulating genotypes of HPV and EBV in healthy blood donors in Qatar. Methods We explored the co-prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 378 males and only 7 females blood donors of different nationalities (mainly from Qatar, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Pakistan, and India) residing in Qatar, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA was extracted from the buffy coat and genotyping was performed using PCR and nested-PCR targeting E6 and E7 as well as LMP-1 of HPV and EBV, respectively. Results We found that from the total number of 385 cases of healthy blood donors studied, 54.8% and 61% of the samples are HPVs and EBV positive, respectively. Additionally, our data revealed that the co-presence of both high-risk HPVs and EBV is 40.4% of the total samples. More significantly, this study pointed out for the first time that the most frequent high-risk HPV types in Qatar are 59 (54.8%), 31 (53.7%), 52 (49.1%), 51 (48.6%), 58 (47%) and 35 (45.5%), while the most commonly expressed low-risk HPV types are 53 (50.6%), 11 (45.5), 73 (41.7%) and 6 (41.3%), with all the cases showing multiple HPVs infection. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that HPV and EBV are commonly co-present in healthy blood donors in Qatar. On the other hand, it is important to highlight that these oncoviruses can also be co-present in several types of human cancers where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of these cancers. Therefore, more studies regarding the co-presence of these oncoviruses and their interaction are necessary to understand their cooperative role in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- 1College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Anju Sharma
- 1College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- 1College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K Smatti
- 2Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Moussa Alkhalaf
- 4Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Semir Vranic
- 1College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- 1College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,2Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent and important human pathogen that has been studied in a wide variety of contexts. This book provides protocols currently in use in leading laboratories in many fields of HSV-1 research. This introductory chapter gives a brief overview of HSV-1 biology and life cycle, covering basic aspects of virus structure, the prevalence of and diseases caused by the virus, replication in cultured cells, viral latency, antiviral defenses, and the mechanisms that the virus uses to counteract these defenses.
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Petti S, Lodi G. The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1850-1865. [PMID: 31733122 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV-1 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV-1 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus-host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV-1-seronegative individuals who shed HSV-1 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti-HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV-1 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual-based HSV-1 infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Xu X, He Y, Fan S, Feng M, Jiang G, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Li Q. Reducing Viral Inhibition of Host Cellular Apoptosis Strengthens the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Attenuated HSV-1 Strain. Virol Sin 2019; 34:673-687. [PMID: 31506828 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a member of α herpesviruses, shows a high infectivity rate of 30%-60% in populations of various ages. Some herpes simplex (HSV) vaccine candidates evaluated during the past 20 years have not shown protective efficacy against viral infection. An improved understanding of the immune profile of infected individuals and the associated mechanism is needed. HSV uses an immune evasion strategy during viral replication, and various virus-encoded proteins, such as ICP47 and Vhs, participate in this process through limiting the ability of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize target cells. Other proteins, e.g., Us3 and Us5, also play a role in viral immune evasion via interfering with cellular apoptosis. In this work, to study the mechanism by which HSV-1 strain attenuation interferes with the viral immune evasion strategy, we constructed a mutant strain, M5, with deletions in the Us3 and Us5 genes. M5 was shown to induce higher neutralizing antibody titers and a stronger cellular immune response than our previously reported M3 strain, and to prevent virus infection more effectively than the M3 strain in an in vivo mouse challenge test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Shengtao Fan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Min Feng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China.
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10
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Li J, Li X, Hao G, Zhang H, Yang H, Chen H, Qian P. Fusion of pseudorabies virus glycoproteins to IgG Fc enhances protective immunity against pseudorabies virus. Virology 2019; 536:49-57. [PMID: 31400549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular adjuvants are vaccine delivery vehicle to increase specific antigens effectiveness. Herein, we concentrated on IgG Fc, an effective molecular adjuvant, to develop novel pseudorabies virus (PRV) subunit vaccines. Two major protective antigen genes of PRV were constructed and linked into the mouse IgG Fc fragment. The gD, gD-IgG2aFc, gB and gB-IgG2aFc proteins were expressed using a baculovirus system. Mice intranasally immunized with gD-IgG2aFc or gB-IgG2aFc subunit vaccine exhibited significantly higher PRV-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies and intracellular cytokines than the mice intranasally immunized with gD or gB subunit vaccine. Moreover, no histopathological lesions were observed in mice immunized with gB-IgG2aFc subunit vaccine via histopathology examination. Further, the gB-IgG2aFc subunit vaccine was efficient for PRV infection compared with live attenuated vaccine. Overall, these results suggest that IgG2a Fc fragment, as a potential molecular adjuvant, fused with PRV antigen might be a promising and efficient PRV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Genxi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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11
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Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang E, Zhou M, Lin J, Yang Q. Intranasal administration with recombinant Bacillus subtilis induces strong mucosal immune responses against pseudorabies. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:103. [PMID: 31170996 PMCID: PMC6555017 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudorabies caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) mainly infects the swine and seriously threatens the biosafety of the other animals, including humans. Since 2011, the outbreaks of PRV mutants have caused enormous economic losses in the swine industry, and traditional vaccines cannot offer enough protection. PRV can transmit by direct contact, aerosol transmission and pollutants. PRV mainly transmit through the nasal mucosa. After infecting the nasal epithelial cells, PRV can quickly infect the olfactory nerve and establish a potential infection of sensory neurons. Therefore, nasal immunity can effectively prevent viral colonization infection. Recombinant Bacillus subtilis has been widely used to deliver antigen and achieve adequate protective immune responses. Results The present study successfully constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) expressing the dominant antigen regions of PRV gC and gD proteins (named B. subtilis-gCa and B. subtilis-gDa). Furtherly, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the two recombinant B. subtilis in mice. The mice intranasal administration with B. subtilis-gCa and B. subtilis-gDa effectively stimulated IgA and IgG immune responses, further regulated specific T lymphocytes proliferative response by IFN-γ and IL-10, and ultimately produced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against PRV infection. In particular, B. subtilis-gDa possessed more excellent immune effect than B. subtilis-gCa in mice. Conclusions These results suggested that B. subtilis-gCa and B. subtilis-gDa could trigger high levels of mucosal and systemic immune responses and would be potential candidates for developing PRV vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1151-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Greydanus DE, Merrick J. Infectious mononucleosis: be aware of its lethality! Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 31:ijamh-2018-0284. [PMID: 30645196 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Greydanus
- MD, DrHC (Athens), Founding Chair and Professor, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-1284, USA
| | - Joav Merrick
- MD, MMedSci, DMSc, Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mt Scopus Campus, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Director, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Al-Thawadi H, Ghabreau L, Aboulkassim T, Yasmeen A, Vranic S, Batist G, Al Moustafa AE. Co-Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer of Syrian Women. Front Oncol 2018; 8:250. [PMID: 30035100 PMCID: PMC6043788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been recently shown to be co-present with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in human cervical cancer; thus, these oncoviruses play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Accordingly, our group has recently viewed the presence and genotyping distribution of high-risk HPVs in cervical cancer in Syrian women; our data pointed out that HPVs are present in 42/44 samples (95%). Herein, we aim to explore the co-prevalence of EBV and high-risk HPVs in 44 cervical cancer tissues from Syrian women using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray analyses. We found that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in 15/44 (34%) of the samples. However, none of the samples was exclusively EBV-positive. Additionally, we report that the co-expression of LMP1 and E6 genes of EBV and high-risk HPVs, respectively, is associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas phenotype; this is accompanied by a strong and diffuse overexpression of Id-1 (93% positivity), which is an important regulator of cell invasion and metastasis. These data imply that EBV and HPVs are co-present in cervical cancer samples in the Middle East area including Syria and their co-presence is associated with a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Future investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of EBV and HPVs cooperation in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Centre of Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Cyprian FS, Al-Farsi HF, Vranic S, Akhtar S, Al Moustafa AE. Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomaviruses Interactions and Their Roles in the Initiation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2018; 8:111. [PMID: 29765906 PMCID: PMC5938391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses are implicated in around 20% of all human cancers including both solid and non-solid malignancies. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common oncoviruses worldwide. Currently, it is well established that onco-proteins of EBV (LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA1) and high-risk HPVs (E5 and E6/E7) play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of several human carcinomas, including cervical, oral, and breast. More significantly, it has been recently pointed out that viral onco-proteins of EBV and high-risk HPVs can be co-present and consequently cooperate to initiate and/or amplify epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis. This could occur by β-catenin, JAK/STAT/SRC, PI3k/Akt/mTOR, and/or RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, which onco-proteins of EBV and HPVs share. This review presents the most recent advances related to EBV and high-risk HPVs onco-proteins interactions and their roles in the progression of human carcinomas especially oral and breast via the initiation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Vranic S, Cyprian FS, Akhtar S, Al Moustafa AE. The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Cervical Cancer: A Brief Update. Front Oncol 2018; 8:113. [PMID: 29719817 PMCID: PMC5913353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the group of gamma-herpes viruses and was the first recognized human oncovirus. EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis and multiple lymphoid and epithelial malignancies including B-cell lymphomas (Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), various T-cell/NK lymphoproliferative disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma, respectively. In addition, the presence of EBV has been documented in other cancers including breast, prostate, oral, and salivary gland carcinomas. The presence and role of EBV in cervical cancer and its precursor lesions (CIN) have also been described, but the results from the literature are inconsistent, and the causal role of EBV in cervical cancer pathogenesis has not been established yet. In the present review, we briefly surveyed and critically appraised the current literature on EBV in cervical cancer and its variants (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma) as well as its precursor lesions (CIN). In addition, we discussed the possible interactions between EBV and human papilloma virus as well as between EBV and immune checkpoint regulators (PD-L1). Though further studies are needed, the available data suggest a possible causal relationship between EBV and cervical cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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