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Efrati Y. Parental practices as predictors of adolescents' compulsive sexual behavior: a 6-month prospective study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:241-253. [PMID: 36763182 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a prevalent disorder among adolescents. To date, most studies focused on the self-report assessment of individuals without assessing possible parental practices that might alleviate or exacerbate adolescents' CSB. In the present research, I adopted the family systematic approach, which considers the effects of family context on children's and adolescents' development and examined whether and how parental (fathers' and mothers') support giving, communication, and restrictive mediation relate to children's current and future severity of CSB. The sample comprised 300 Israeli families [triad of mothers, fathers, and one adolescent (39% boys, 61% girls; age 14-18)]. Results indicate that maternal support and paternal quality of communication with children significantly predicted lower severity of current and future CSB, respectively. These findings highlight an important and understudied topic in the hope of motivating additional researchers and practitioners to adopt a familial, microsystem perspective on healthy sexual development-a perspective that holds great promise in promoting normal sexual development and in decreasing risky sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Efrati
- Faculty of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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2
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Walsh JL, Zarwell M, John SA, Quinn KG. Sources of Information about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Associations with PrEP Stigma, Intentions, Provider Discussions, and Use in the United States. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:728-740. [PMID: 36036718 PMCID: PMC9971350 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount and type of information individuals receive about HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may influence PrEP uptake. We surveyed 331 HIV-negative sexual and gender minorities who have sex with men at a Midwestern Pride festival in 2018 (Mage = 32, 68% White, 87% cisgender men) to assess sources and perceived tone of PrEP information and associated outcomes. Most participants (88%) had heard about PrEP. The most common sources were the internet (70%), social media (59%), and friends (54%). Messages from health campaigns were perceived as most positive and those from religious institutions as least positive. Sources differed based on demographics. Controlling for indications for PrEP use, those who heard about PrEP from health campaigns and those who heard more positive messages reported lower levels of PrEP stigma, βs = -0.27--0.23, ps < .05. Non-users who heard about PrEP from the internet had stronger intentions to use PrEP, β = 0.28, p < .05. Those who heard about PrEP from sexual partners and health campaigns were more likely to discuss PrEP with providers, PRs = 1.60-1.80, ps < .01. Finally, those who heard about PrEP from friends and partners were more likely to use PrEP, PRs = 2.01-2.24, ps < .05. Leveraging sexual partners, social network members, and health campaigns are promising avenues to advance PrEP implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Meagan Zarwell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Steven A. John
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Katherine G. Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Montoya JA, Plant A, Neffa-Creech D, Orvañanos C, Barker K. Overcome the Fear (Vencer el Miedo): using entertainment education to impact adolescent sexual and reproductive health and parent-child communication in Mexico. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2366. [PMID: 36526997 PMCID: PMC9757626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents in Mexico experience high pregnancy and birth rates. A collaboration with Grupo Televisa led to the development of an entertainment-education telenovela intervention, Overcome the Fear (OTF), which aired in 2020 to a national audience and addressed adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) topics. This study details the development and evaluation of OTF's impact on adolescent contraceptive practices and parent-adolescent SRH communication in Mexico. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional survey interviews (street-intercept and telephone) with 12-19-year-olds (n = 1640) and parents of adolescent children (n = 820) post-broadcast across Mexico's five most-populated metropolitan zones. Quotas were implemented for gender, zone, and OTF viewership (viewer vs. non-viewer). Bivariate statistics and multivariable binary logistic regression models assessed the relationship between OTF viewership (including parent-adolescent co-viewing) and adolescent contraceptive practices and parent-adolescent SRH communication. Adolescent and parent data are not dyadic and were analyzed separately. RESULTS Nearly half of adolescents (47.9%) and parents (47.7%) were viewers. Among adolescents, bivariate analyses suggest that viewers had less negative attitudes towards contraception (p < .001). Logistic regression models suggest that adolescent viewers were more likely to seek out information about contraception (p < .001) and unhealthy romantic relationships (p = .019), and to use contraception other than condoms (p = .027) and dual contraception (p = .042) in the last 3 months. Among parents, bivariate analyses suggest that non-viewers had more positive attitudes towards abstinence (p = .045) and more negative attitudes towards contraception and communication with adolescents about sex (p = .001). Logistic regression models suggest that parent viewers were more likely to have talked with adolescent children about sexual relations (p < .001), contraceptive methods (p = .01), condoms (p = .002), and abstinence (p = .002) in the last 3 months. Parent-adolescent co-viewing of OTF was also significantly related to certain outcomes in bivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that viewership of a high-quality entertainment-education telenovela informed by extensive formative research is related to adolescent health outcomes and to parent-adolescent SRH communication on a country-wide scale in Mexico. Entertainment-education remains an underutilized public health strategy, despite its promise to engage viewers and motivate healthful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Montoya
- Sentient Research, 231 North Walnuthaven Drive, West Covina, CA 91790 USA
| | - Aaron Plant
- Sentient Research, 231 North Walnuthaven Drive, West Covina, CA 91790 USA
| | | | - Cecilia Orvañanos
- Population Media Center, Recta a Cholula 1611-12, Cholula, 72760 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Kriss Barker
- grid.503892.5Population Media Center, 30 Kimball Ave., Suite 302, South Burlington, VT 05403 USA
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Corcoran E, Doty J, Wisniewski P, Gabrielli J. Youth sexting and associations with parental media mediation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Fritz N, Malic V, Paul B, Zhou Y. A Descriptive Analysis of the Types, Targets, and Relative Frequency of Aggression in Mainstream Pornography. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:3041-3053. [PMID: 32661813 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For decades, scholars and public health officials have been concerned with the depictions of sexual aggression in pornography, especially when acts of aggression are depicted with no consequences. Social cognitive theory suggests behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be learned by consumers while those punished are less likely to be learned. To date, however, there has not been a large-scale content analysis to provide researchers with the baseline knowledge of the amount of sexual aggression in online pornography nor have previous content analyses examined the reactions of the targets of sexual aggression. This study of 4009 heterosexual scenes from two major free pornographic tube sites (Pornhub and Xvideos) sought to provide this baseline. Overall, 45% of Pornhub scenes included at least one act of physical aggression, while 35% of scenes from Xvideos contained aggression. Spanking, gagging, slapping, hair pulling, and choking were the five most common forms of physical aggression. Women were the target of the aggression in 97% of the scenes, and their response to aggression was either neutral or positive and rarely negative. Men were the perpetrators of aggression against women in 76% of scenes. Finally, examining the 10 most populous categories, the Amateur and Teen categories in Xvideos and the Amateur category in Pornhub had significantly less aggression, while the Xvideos Hardcore category had significantly more physical aggression against women. This study suggests aggression is common against women in online pornography, while repercussions to this aggression are rarely portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Fritz
- The Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, 601 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Vinny Malic
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University-Bloomington, 919 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Bryant Paul
- The Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, 601 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- The Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, 601 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Fu X, Liu J, Liu RD, Ding Y, Hong W, Jiang S. The impact of parental active mediation on adolescent mobile phone dependency: A moderated mediation model. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boniel-Nissim M, Efrati Y, Dolev-Cohen M. Parental Mediation Regarding Children's Pornography Exposure: The Role of Parenting Style, Protection Motivation and Gender. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:42-51. [PMID: 30925073 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1590795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Communication between parent and child regarding pornography can be awkward. In the following study, we examined if parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive) and gender was associated with parental mediation strategies (restrictive, active, and co-use) in relation to pornography exposure, mediated by threat appraisal and coping appraisal (protection motivation theory). A sample of 1,070 Israeli parents of 10- to 14-year-old youth completed a set of online questionnaires. Findings suggested that authoritarian and permissive parents, who had lower scores in authoritative parenthood, were more likely to have dysfunctional (i.e., low-quality) communication about pornography and subsequently be less active in their mediation regarding pornography. Conversely, parents who were more authoritative were more likely to perceive 1 the severity of pornography consumption and were more restrictive and active in mediating pornography. Finally, fathers tended to have more dysfunctional communication about pornography than mothers and were consequently less active in their mediation strategies concerning pornography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyran Boniel-Nissim
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Kinneret Academic College on the Sea of Galilee
| | - Yaniv Efrati
- Faculty of Education and Society and Culture, Beit Berl College
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Kinsler JJ, Glik D, de Castro Buffington S, Malan H, Nadjat-Haiem C, Wainwright N, Papp-Green M. A Content Analysis of How Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Health are Being Portrayed on Primetime Television Shows Being Watched by Teens and Young Adults. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:644-651. [PMID: 29388796 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1431020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Television is a leading source of sexual education for teens and young adults, thus it is important to understand how sexual behavior and reproductive health are portrayed in popular primetime programming. This study is a media content analysis of the 19 top-rated scripted English-language primetime television shows aired between January 1, 2015 and May 31, 2015, and viewed by American youth audiences 12-24 years of age. The purpose of this study is to assess how sex/sexuality and reproductive health are being portrayed in a popular medium that reaches many adolescent and young adult audiences. Themes used for this analysis include youth pregnancy/parenting, mentoring/guidance of youth regarding sexual behavior, sex/sexuality, body image/identity, sexual violence/abuse/harassment, gender identity/sexual orientation, and reproductive health. Themes have been classified in one of the following six categories: visual cues, brief mentions, dialogue, minor storylines, major storylines, and multi-episode storylines. Our findings indicate that narratives providing educational information regarding the risks and consequences of sexual behavior were missing from the television shows we analyzed and that storylines promoting low risk sexual behavior were rare. Sexual violence and abuse, casual sex among adults, lack of contraception use, or no portrayal of consequences of risky behaviors were common. Compared to prior research, we found an emergent theme normalizing non-heterosexual gender identity and sexual orientation. Our findings have important implications as exposure to popular media shapes the perceptions and behaviors of teens and young adults. This study has the potential to shed light on the need to create stories and narratives in television shows watched by American teens and young adults with educational messages regarding the risks and consequences of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni J Kinsler
- a Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research
| | - Deborah Glik
- b Department of Community Health Sciences , Fielding School of Public Health
| | | | - Hannah Malan
- d Department of Community Health Sciences , Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Carsten Nadjat-Haiem
- e Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
| | - Nicole Wainwright
- d Department of Community Health Sciences , Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Melissa Papp-Green
- f Department of Community Health Sciences , Fielding School of Public Health
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Ngula KW, Miller AN, Mberia HK. Motivational and Parental Mediation Factors Related to Kenyan Adolescents' Intake of Sexual Radio and TV Content. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:724-732. [PMID: 28402150 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1306909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the influence of media on youths' sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa has focused almost entirely on the effects of multimedia health communication campaigns and edutainment programming. Scholarly literature is nearly silent about the influence of the multiple hours that young people in many sub-Saharan nations spend immersed in increasingly sex-heavy entertainment programming. We surveyed a stratified cluster sample of 437 Nairobi public high school students about motivational and parental mediation factors associated with their exposure to sexual radio and TV content. Watching sexual content in the bedroom predicted higher intake of both sexual radio and TV content. Believing that parents were successful in their efforts to limit media use predicted lower intake of both sexual radio and TV content. A friend/companion motive for watching was associated with taking in higher levels of sexual TV content. For day school students, watching sexual content in the sitting room also predicted higher levels of exposure to sexual TV content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hellen K Mberia
- c Department of Social Sciences and Humanities , Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology
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10
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Liu T, Fuller J, Hutton A, Grant J. Congruity and Divergence in Perceptions of Adolescent Romantic Experience Between Chinese Parents and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558418775364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative research article explored the convergences and divergences of perceptions of adolescent romantic experience between a group of adolescents and parents in China. One-to-one, in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 adolescents (aged 15-18 years; 26 girls, 12 boys) and 27 parents (aged 40-52 years; 16 mothers, 11 fathers) from the urban areas of a northern Chinese city. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and interpreted using a socio-ecological approach. Four major themes were identified: opportunities and risks, acceptable versus unacceptable sexual intimacy, generational difference, and girls’ vulnerability and “self-respect.” In these themes, congruity and divergence of perceptions were found between the groups of adolescents and parents. These perceptions were largely influenced by traditional cultural beliefs of education, sexuality, gender, and family as well as the current socio-cultural context of modernization and globalization in China. The findings provide implications regarding how to support both adolescents and parents in managing adolescent romantic experience for adolescent health-promoting romantic and sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Jeffrey Fuller
- Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Julian Grant
- Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Overbeek G, van de Bongardt D, Baams L. Buffer or Brake? The Role of Sexuality-Specific Parenting in Adolescents' Sexualized Media Consumption and Sexual Development. J Youth Adolesc 2018. [PMID: 29536329 PMCID: PMC6002450 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
One main source of sexual socialization lies within family interactions. Especially sexuality-specific parenting may determine adolescents’ sexual development—adolescents’ sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior, sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes—to a significant extent, but different ideas exist about how this works. In this longitudinal study, we examined two hypotheses on how sexuality-specific parenting—parenting aimed specifically at children’s sexual attitudes and behaviors—relates to adolescents’ sexual development. A first buffer hypothesis states that parents’ instructive media discussions with their children—called instructive mediation—buffers the effect of sexualized media consumption on adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior and, vice versa, the effect of adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior on sexualized media consumption. A second brake hypothesis states that parents, by communicating love-and-respect oriented sexual norms, slow down adolescents’ development toward increased sexualized media use, permissive sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior. Using four-wave longitudinal data from 514 Dutch adolescents aged 13–16 years (49.8% female), we found evidence to support a brake effect. More frequent parental communication of love-and-respect oriented sexual norms was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes and, for boys, with less advanced sexual behavior and a less rapid increase in sexual risk behavior. Parents’ instructive mediation regarding adolescents’ sexualized media consumption was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes at baseline, but only for girls. No systematic evidence emerged for a buffer effect of parents’ instructive mediation. In conclusion, although our data seem to suggest that parent–child communication about sex is oftentimes “after the fact”, we also find that more directive parental communication that conveys love-and-respect oriented sexual norms brake adolescents’ move toward sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertjan Overbeek
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daphne van de Bongardt
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Baams
- Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Radanielina Hita ML, Kareklas I, Pinkleton B. Parental Mediation in the Digital Era: Increasing Children's Critical Thinking May Help Decrease Positive Attitudes toward Alcohol. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 23:98-108. [PMID: 29281584 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1411997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in our research that discussion-based parental mediation may successfully decrease the negative effects that youth's engagement with alcohol brands on social media may have on attitudes toward alcohol through its effects on critical thinking. A clear pattern was found with positive mediation leading to unhealthy outcomes and negative mediation predicting healthier behaviors. Youth whose parents critiqued media messages reported more critical thinking skills, which predicted less interaction with alcohol brands on social media and fewer expectancies toward alcohol. On the other hand, youth whose parents endorsed media portrayals of drinking reported fewer critical thinking skills and were thus more likely to interact with alcohol brands on social media. Including a media literacy component in alcohol education that target parental strategies and that are conducive to discussion may lead to beneficial health outcomes in the digital era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Kareklas
- b Department of Marketing , School of Business, University at Albany (State University of New York)
| | - Bruce Pinkleton
- c Washington State University, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication , Pullman , USA
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13
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The Protective Role of Parental Media Monitoring Style from Early to Late Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:445-459. [PMID: 28791572 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to examine the protective role that maternal media monitoring might have for adolescents. This was done by considering whether styles of media monitoring either directly reduced media use, or whether they buffered the associations between aggressive media use and adolescents' prosocial behavior, aggression, and delinquency. Participants were 681 adolescents from two cities in the United States (51% female; 73% white), and their mothers, who provided data at two different time points, 2 years apart (when adolescents were roughly ages 13 and 15). Mixture modeling results revealed that mothers used four different styles of media monitoring made up of combinations of active and restrictive monitoring as well as forms of co-use. Styles that included active monitoring and connective co-use (i.e., engaging in media with the intent to connect with children) were directly associated with less media use, and moderated links between adolescents' media use and behavioral outcomes concurrently but not longitudinally. The discussion was focused on the strength of considering multiple strategies of media monitoring together, and how this approach can inform future research in the area of parental media monitoring.
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Rousseau A, Beyens I, Eggermont S, Vandenbosch L. The Dual Role of Media Internalization in Adolescent Sexual Behavior. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1685-1697. [PMID: 27987087 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexualizing media content is prevalent in various media types. Sexualizing media messages and portrayals emphasize unattainable body and appearance ideals as the primary components of sexual desirability. The internalization of these ideals is positively related to self-objectification and sexual body consciousness. In turn, self-objectification and sexual body consciousness affect adolescents' sexual behavior, albeit in opposing directions. While objectifying self-perceptions are linked to higher levels of sexual behavior, body consciousness during physical intimacy is linked to lower levels of sexual behavior. Based on this knowledge, the present three-wave panel study of 824 Belgian, predominant heterosexual adolescents (M age = 15.33; SD = 1.45) proposes a dual-pathway model that investigates two different pathways through which the internalization of media ideals may impact adolescents' sexual behavior. An inhibitory pathway links media internalization to lower levels of sexual behavior through sexual body consciousness, and a supportive pathway links media internalization to higher levels of sexual behavior through self-objectification. Structural equation analyses supported the proposed dual-pathway, showing that the impact of media internalization on adolescents' sexual behavior proceeds through an inhibitory pathway and a supportive pathway. Regarding the supportive pathway, media internalization (W1) positively predicted sexual behavior (W3), through valuing appearance over competence (W2). Regarding the inhibitory pathway, media internalization (W1) positively predicted body surveillance, which, in turn, positively predicted sexual body consciousness (all W2). Sexual body consciousness (W2) is negatively related to sexual behavior (W3). From a sexual developmental perspective, these findings emphasize the importance of guiding adolescents in interpreting and processing sexualizing media messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rousseau
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ine Beyens
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Eggermont
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Laura Vandenbosch
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Louvain, Belgium
- MIOS (Media, ICT, and Interpersonal Relations in Organisations and Society), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Shin Y, Miller-Day M. A Longitudinal Study of Parental Anti-Substance-Use Socialization for Early Adolescents' Substance-Use Behaviors. COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS 2017; 84:277-297. [PMID: 30595618 PMCID: PMC6309416 DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2017.1300821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the role of communication in shaping norms and behaviors with significant personal and societal consequences. Based on primary socialization theory and the general theory of family communication, parental anti-substance-use socialization processes were hypothesized to influence early adolescents' substance use norms and behaviors. Using longitudinal data (N =1,059), the results revealed that parent-adolescent prevention communication about substance use in the media and parental anti-substance-use injunctive norms were positively associated with early adolescents' personal anti-substance-use norms, which, in turn, led to decreases in recent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. It was also found that family expressiveness and structural traditionalism positively related to the hypothesized association between parental socialization processes and early adolescents' norms and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJu Shin
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University
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Rasmussen E. Theoretical Underpinnings of Reducing the Media’s Negative Effect on Children: Person-Centered, Negatively-Valenced Evaluative Mediation within a Persuasion Framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2013.11679156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen ACC, Neilands TB, Chan SM, Lightfoot M. Contextual influence of Taiwanese adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavioral intent. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:355-61. [PMID: 26991765 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parental, peer, and media influences on Taiwanese adolescents' attitudes toward premarital sex and intent to engage in sexual behavior. Participants included a convenience sample of 186 adolescents aged 13-15 recruited from two middle schools in Taiwan. Parental influence was indicated by perceived parental disapproval toward premarital sex and perceived peer sexual behavior was used to measure peer influence. Media influence was measured by the adolescents' perception of whether the media promotes premarital sex. We conducted structural equation modeling to test a hypothesized model. The findings suggested that the perceived sexual behavior of peers had the strongest effect on Taiwanese adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavioral intent, while parental disapproval and media influence also significantly contributed to adolescents' sexual attitudes and intent to engage in sex. School nurses are in an ideal position to coordinate essential resources and implement evidence-based sexually transmitted infection and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that address issues associated with the influence of parents, peers, and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chia-Chen Chen
- College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shu-Min Chan
- Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Marguerita Lightfoot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Longitudinal relations between parental media monitoring and adolescent aggression, prosocial behavior, and externalizing problems. J Adolesc 2015; 46:86-97. [PMID: 26641307 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined longitudinal relations between parental media monitoring and adolescent behavior, and explored indirect effects via sympathy and self-regulation. A sample of adolescents and their mothers from Northwestern and Mountain West cities in the USA participated in a study at three time points, approximately one year apart (N = 681; M age of child at Time 3 = 13.33, SD = 1.06; 51% female; 73% European American, 9% African American, 17% Multi-ethnic). Though findings varied by reporter, results suggested that restrictive and active media monitoring were indirectly associated with adolescents' prosocial behavior, aggression, and externalizing behavior, with restrictive monitoring being somewhat maladaptive and active monitoring adaptive. The discussion focuses on the need to examine multiple aspects of media monitoring, and highlights implications of findings for parents.
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Benrazavi R, Teimouri M, Griffiths MD. Utility of Parental Mediation Model on Youth’s Problematic Online Gaming. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Coyne SM, Padilla-Walker LM. Sex, violence, & rock n' roll: Longitudinal effects of music on aggression, sex, and prosocial behavior during adolescence. J Adolesc 2015; 41:96-104. [PMID: 25828552 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined longitudinal associations between listening to aggression, sex, and prosocial behavior in music on a number of behavioral outcomes across a one-year period during adolescence. Adolescents (N = 548, M age = 15.32, 52% female) completed a number of questionnaires on musical preferences, general media use, aggression, sexual outcomes, and prosocial behavior at two different time points separated by about one year. Using structural equation modeling to analyze the data, results revealed that listening to aggression in music was associated with increased aggression and decreased prosocial behavior over time, even when controlling for initial levels of these behaviors. Listening to sexual content in music was associated with earlier initiation of sexual intercourse and a trend for a higher number of sexual partners (reported at Time 2). Prosocial behavior in music was not associated with any behavioral outcome longitudinally. Collectively, these results suggest that listening to certain types of content in music can have a longitudinal effect on behavior during adolescence.
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Coyne SM, Padilla-Walker LM, Fraser AM, Fellows K, Day RD. “Media Time = Family Time”. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558414538316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Media use in families has generally been examined from a narrow viewpoint, focusing on monitoring or co-viewing. The current research provides an expanded view of positive media use in families with adolescents by examining associations between diverse positive media use and family and adolescents outcomes. In addition, we used qualitative methods to provide a more comprehensive view of how families use media in positive ways, specifically drawing distinctions between traditional entertainment media and social media. Participants included 633 adolescents and their parents who completed a range of quantitative and qualitative measures on media use and adolescent and family outcomes. Results revealed that positive media use was positively associated with general family functioning (for girls), parental involvement (for both boys and girls), and adolescent disclosure to parents (for boys). Qualitative results revealed that families use media in diverse ways including for entertainment, emotional connection, discussion, information, and documentation. Results are discussed within the broad framework of family systems theory.
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Parkes A, Wight D, Hunt K, Henderson M, Sargent J. Are sexual media exposure, parental restrictions on media use and co-viewing TV and DVDs with parents and friends associated with teenagers' early sexual behaviour? J Adolesc 2013; 36:1121-33. [PMID: 24215959 PMCID: PMC3847268 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual content in teenagers' media diets is known to predict early sexual behaviour. Research on sexual content has not allowed for the social context of media use, which may affect selection and processing of content. This study investigated whether sexual media content and/or contextual factors (co-viewing, parental media restrictions) were associated with early sexual behaviour using 2251 14-15 year-olds from Scotland, UK. A third (n = 733) reported sexual intercourse. In multivariable analysis the likelihood of intercourse was lower with parental restriction of sexual media and same-sex peer co-viewing; but higher with mixed-sex peer co-viewing. Parental co-viewing, other parental restrictions on media and sexual film content exposure were not associated with intercourse. Findings suggest the context of media use may influence early sexual behaviour. Specific parental restrictions on sexual media may offer more protection against early sex than other restrictions or parental co-viewing. Further research is required to establish causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Parkes
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom.
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23
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Padilla-Walker LM, Coyne SM, Fraser AM, Dyer WJ, Yorgason JB. Parents and adolescents growing up in the digital age: Latent growth curve analysis of proactive media monitoring. J Adolesc 2012; 35:1153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Sexy Dolls, Sexy Grade-Schoolers? Media & Maternal Influences on Young Girls’ Self-Sexualization. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vandenbosch L, Eggermont S. Maternal Attachment and Television Viewing in Adolescents’ Sexual Socialization: Differential Associations Across Gender. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Hans JD, Kimberly C. An Educational Intervention to Change Planned Behavior Concerning Midwife‐Assisted Out‐of‐Hospital Childbirth. J Midwifery Womens Health 2011; 56:371-375. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2011.00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Abstract
From a health viewpoint, early sexual activity among US adolescents is a potential problem because of the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. New evidence points to the media adolescents use frequently (television, music, movies, magazines, and the Internet) as important factors in the initiation of sexual intercourse. There is a major disconnect between what mainstream media portray-casual sex and sexuality with no consequences-and what children and teenagers need-straightforward information about human sexuality and the need for contraception when having sex. Television, film, music, and the Internet are all becoming increasingly sexually explicit, yet information on abstinence, sexual responsibility, and birth control remains rare. It is unwise to promote "abstinence-only" sex education when it has been shown to be ineffective and when the media have become such an important source of information about "nonabstinence." Recommendations are presented to help pediatricians address this important issue.
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Abstract
Youth spend an average of >7 hours/day using media, and the vast majority of them have access to a bedroom television, computer, the Internet, a video-game console, and a cell phone. In this article we review the most recent research on the effects of media on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Studies have shown that media can provide information about safe health practices and can foster social connectedness. However, recent evidence raises concerns about media's effects on aggression, sexual behavior, substance use, disordered eating, and academic difficulties. We provide recommendations for parents, practitioners, the media, and policy makers, among others, for ways to increase the benefits and reduce the harm that media can have for the developing child and for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Strasburger
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, MSC10 5590, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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