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Lu J, Lu H, Liang D, Feng S, Li Y, Li J. A review of the occurrence, transformation, and removal technologies for the remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138824. [PMID: 37164196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that pose significant environmental and human health risks. The presence of PFAS in landfill leachate is becoming an increasingly concerning issue. This article presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge and research gaps in monitoring and removing PFAS from landfill leachate. The focus is on evaluating the effectiveness and sustainability of existing removal technologies, and identifying areas where further research is needed. To achieve this goal, the paper examines the existing technologies for monitoring and treating PFAS in landfill leachate. The review emphasizes the importance of sample preparation techniques and quality assurance/quality control measures in ensuring accurate and reliable results. Then, this paper reviewed the existing technologies for removal and remediation of PFAS in landfill leachates, such as adsorption, membrane filtration, photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalysis, biodegradation, and constructed wetlands. Additionally, the paper summarizes the factors that exhibit the performance of various treatment technologies: reaction time, experimental conditions, and removal rates. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the potential application of different remediation technologies (i.e., adsorption, membrane filtration, photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalysis, biodegradation, and constructed wetlands, etc.) in treating landfill leachate containing PFAS and its precursors, such as fluorotelomeres like FTOH and FTSs. The review highlights the importance of considering economic, technical, and environmental factors when selecting control measures. Overall, this article aims to provide guidance for promoting environmental protection and sustainable development in the context of PFAS contamination in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China.
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Dongzhe Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - SanSan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China
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2
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Ojemaye CY, Ojemaye MO, Okoh AI, Okoh OO. Evaluation of the research trends on perfluorinated compounds using bibliometric analysis: knowledge gap and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:570-595. [PMID: 37128712 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2203639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment has been a global concern because of the risk they pose due to their endocrine-disruptive properties. This study analyzed the global trends and research productivity of PFCs from 1990 to 2021. A total number of 3256 articles on PFCs were retrieved from the Web of Science focusing on different environmental and biological matrices. An increase in the productivity of research on PFCs was observed during the survey period which indicates that more research and publications on this class of contaminants are expected in the future. Evaluating the most productive countries and the number of citations per country on PFCs research shows that China and the United States of America were ranked in first and second places. It was also observed that research on PFCs received the most attention from scientists in developed countries, with little research emerging from Africa. Hence, research on PFCs in developing countries, especially low-income countries should be promoted. Consequently, more research programs should be implemented to investigate PFCs in countries and regions where research on these contaminants is low. The study will help researchers, government agencies and policymakers to tailor future research, allocation of funds to PFCs research and countries' collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Ojemaye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Mike O Ojemaye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Environmental health Sciences, College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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3
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de Souza DM, da Silva JDL, Ludwig LDC, Petersen BC, Brehm FA, Modolo RCE, De Marchi TC, Figueiredo R, Moraes CAM. Study of the phytoremediation potential of native plant species identified in an area contaminated by volatile organic compounds: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1524-1541. [PMID: 36708140 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2170974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants in situ to promote remediation of environments contaminated by organic or inorganic compounds. Phytoremediating species develop methods such as phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation, and phytovolatilization, which can manifest themselves individually or together in a single plant. This study aims to evaluate, through a systematic review, the potential phytoremediation techniques of the genera Syagrus (Mart.), Nephrolepis, Cyperus (L.), Mimosa (L.), Schinus (L.), Brachiaria, and Eryngium (L.) found in a humid area of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The genera that presented significant numbers in the databases consulted were Cyperus and Brachiaria, followed by Nephrolepis. The first two are considered the most promising for phytoremediation processes. The other genera mentioned obtained favorable results for organic contaminants. The studies around these genera are still recent. It is necessary, in research, to highlight which phytoremediation processes the plants exert in relation to the contaminant of the place. In addition, priority should be given to native species that can establish themselves in the environment and that would not unbalance and harm the surrounding biota and ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M de Souza
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering - PPGEC, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo (Unisinos), Brazil
| | | | | | - Brunna C Petersen
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering - PPGEC, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo (Unisinos), Brazil
| | - Feliciane A Brehm
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering - PPGEC, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo (Unisinos), Brazil
| | - Regina C Espinosa Modolo
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering - PPGEC, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo (Unisinos), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering - PPGEM, Unisinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Figueiredo
- Environmental Engineer and Work Safety Engineer, NewFields Brazil Environmental Consulting Ltd, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A M Moraes
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering - PPGEC, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo (Unisinos), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering - PPGEM, Unisinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
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Kavusi E, Shahi Khalaf Ansar B, Ebrahimi S, Sharma R, Ghoreishi SS, Nobaharan K, Abdoli S, Dehghanian Z, Asgari Lajayer B, Senapathi V, Price GW, Astatkie T. Critical review on phytoremediation of polyfluoroalkyl substances from environmental matrices: Need for global concern. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114844. [PMID: 36403653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging organic contaminants that are impervious to standard physicochemical treatments. The widespread use of PFAS poses serious environmental issues. PFAS pollution of soils and water has become a significant issue due to the harmful effects of these chemicals both on the environment and public health. Owing to their complex chemical structures and interaction with soil and water, PFAS are difficult to remove from the environment. Traditional soil remediation procedures have not been successful in reducing or removing them from the environment. Therefore, this review focuses on new phytoremediation techniques for PFAS contamination of soils and water. The bioaccumulation and dispersion of PFAS inside plant compartments has shown great potential for phytoremediation, which is a promising and unique technology that is realistic, cost-effective, and may be employed as a wide scale in situ remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Kavusi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shahi Khalaf Ansar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seyede Shideh Ghoreishi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Abdoli
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Xu J, Li X, Gao T. The Multifaceted Function of Water Hyacinth in Maintaining Environmental Sustainability and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Mini Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16725. [PMID: 36554606 PMCID: PMC9779344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (WH) is a widespread aquatic plant. As a top invasive macrophyte, WH causes enormous economic and ecological losses. To control it, various physical, chemical and biological methods have been developed. However, multiple drawbacks of these methods limited their application. While being a noxious macrophyte, WH has great potential in many areas, such as phytoremediation, manufacture of value-added products, and so on. Resource utilization of WH has enormous benefits and therefore, is a sustainable strategy for its control. In accordance with the increasing urgency of maintaining environmental sustainability, this review concisely introduced up to date WH utilization specifically in pollution remediation and curbing the global warming crisis and discussed the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (T.G.)
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Mayakaduwage S, Ekanayake A, Kurwadkar S, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M. Phytoremediation prospects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113311. [PMID: 35460639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various industrial activities and daily-life products has made them ubiquitous contaminants in soil and water. PFAS-contaminated soil acts as a long-term source of pollution to the adjacent surface water bodies, groundwater, soil microorganisms, and soil invertebrates. While several remediation strategies exist to eliminate PFASs from the soil, strong ionic interactions between charged groups on PFAS with soil constituents rendered these PFAS remediation technologies ineffective. Pilot and field-scale data from recent studies have shown a great potential of PFAS to bio-accumulate and distribute within plant compartments suggesting that phytoremediation could be a potential remediation technology to clean up PFAS contaminated soils. Even though several studies have been performed on the uptake and translocation of PFAS by different plant species, most of these studies are limited to agricultural crops and fruit species. In this review, the role of both aquatic and terrestrial plants in the phytoremediation of PFAS was discussed highlighting different mechanisms underlying the uptake of PFASs in the soil-plant and water-plant systems. This review further summarized a wide range of factors that influence the bioaccumulation and translocation of PFASs within plant compartments including both structural properties of PFASs and physiological properties of plant species. Even though phytoremediation appears to be a promising remediation technique, some limitations that reduced the feasibility of phytoremediation in the practical application have been emphasized in previous studies. Additional research directions are suggested, including advanced genetic engineering techniques and endophyte-assisted phytoremediation to upgrade the phytoremediation potential of plants for the successful removal of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayakaduwage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
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Zhu J, Wallis I, Guan H, Ross K, Whiley H, Fallowfield H. Juncus sarophorus, a native Australian species, tolerates and accumulates PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS in a glasshouse experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154184. [PMID: 35231527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as emerging contaminants of public health concern. With PFAS now detected globally in a wide range of environments, there is an urgent need for effective remedial treatment solutions at the field scale. Phytoremediation presents a potential remediation strategy for PFAS that would allow efficient and cost-effective remediation at large scales. This study examined the potential for the Australian native wetland plant Juncus sarophorus to tolerate, take up, and accumulate PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS. A 190-day glasshouse experiment was conducted, in which 0, 10 and 100 μg/L each of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were used to irrigate J. sarophorus in potted soil. The results suggest that J. sarophorus has a high tolerance to PFAS and is effective at accumulating and transferring PFHxS and PFOA from soils to above ground biomass. Together with its high growth rate, J. sarophorus appears to be, in principle, a suitable candidate for phytoextraction of short-chained PFAS compounds. It is, however, less efficient at uptake of PFOS, owing to the long chain-lengths of this compound and PFOSs' ability to sorb effectively to soils. The total accumulated PFAS mass at the end of the experiment was ~2000 μg/kg biota(wet weight) and ~170 μg/kg biota(wet weight) for soils irrigated with 100 μg/L and 10 μg/L for each PFAS compound, translating into overall PFAS removal rates of 11% and 9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhu
- School of Earth Sciences and Geospatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ilka Wallis
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Huade Guan
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Kirstin Ross
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Harriet Whiley
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Howard Fallowfield
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Awad J, Brunetti G, Juhasz A, Williams M, Navarro D, Drigo B, Bougoure J, Vanderzalm J, Beecham S. Application of native plants in constructed floating wetlands as a passive remediation approach for PFAS-impacted surface water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128326. [PMID: 35101757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) generally prioritise highly contaminated source areas. However, the mobility of PFAS in the environment often results in extensive low-level contamination of surface waters across broad areas. Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFWs) promote the growth of plants in buoyant structures where pollutants are assimilated into plant biomass. This study examined the hydroponic growth of Juncus krausii, Baumea articulata and Phragmites australis over a 28-day period for remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contaminated (0.2 µg/L to 30 µg/L) urban stormwater. With increasing PFOA and PFOS concentrations, accumulation in plant species increased although root and shoot distribution varied depending on PFAS functional group. Less PFOA than PFOS accumulated in plant roots (0.006-0.16 versus 0.008-0.68 µg/g), while more PFOA accumulated in the plant shoots (0.02-0.55 versus 0.01-0.16 µg/g) indicating translocation to upper plant portions. Phragmites australis accumulated the highest overall plant tissue concentrations of PFOA and PFOS. The NanoSIMS data demonstrated that PFAS associated with roots and shoots was absorbed and not just surface bound. These results illustrate that CFWs have the potential to be used to reduce PFAS contaminants in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Awad
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Divina Navarro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Simon Beecham
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Assessment of Reed Grasses (Phragmites australis) Performance in PFAS Removal from Water: A Phytoremediation Pilot Plant Study. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have multiple emission sources, from industrial to domestic, and their high persistence and mobility help them to spread in all the networks of watercourses. Diffuse pollution of these compounds can be potentially mitigated by the application of green infrastructures, which are a pillar of the EU Green Deal. In this context, a phytoremediation pilot plant was realised and supplied by a contaminated well-located in Lonigo (Veneto Region, Italy) where surface and groundwaters were significantly impacted by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) discharges from a fluorochemical factory. The investigation involved the detection of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) inside the inlet and outlet waters of the phytoremediation pilot plant as well as in reed grasses grown into its main tank. The obtained results demonstrate that the pilot plant is able to reduce up to 50% of considered PFAAs in terms of mass flow without an evident dependence on physico-chemical characteristics of these contaminants. Moreover, PFAAs were found in the exposed reed grasses at concentrations up to 13 ng g−1 ww. A positive correlation between PFAA concentration in plants and exposure time was also observed. In conclusion, this paper highlights the potential efficiency of phytodepuration in PFAS removal and recommends improving the knowledge about its application in constructed wetlands as a highly sustainable choice in wastewater remediation.
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Arslan M, Gamal El-Din M. Removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by wetlands: Prospects on plants, microbes and the interplay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149570. [PMID: 34399352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) represent a large family of synthetic organofluorine aliphatic compounds. They have been extensively produced since 1940s due to enormous applications as a surface-active agent, and water and oil repellent characteristics. PFASs are made to be non-biodegradable, therefore, many of them have been found in the environment albeit strict regulations have been in place since 2002. PFASs are extremely toxic compounds that can impart harm in both fauna and flora. Recent investigations have shown that wetlands might be useful for their removal from the environment as a passive and nature-based solution. To this end, understanding the role of plants, microbes, and their combined plant-microbe interplay is crucial because it could help design a sophisticated passive treatment wetland system. This review focuses on how these components (plants, microbe, substrate) can influence PFASs removal in wetlands under natural and controlled conditions. The information on underlying removal mechanisms is mostly retrieved from laboratory-based studies; however, pilot- and field-scale data are also presented to provide insights on their real-time performance. Briefly, a traditional wetland system works on the principles of phytouptake, bioaccumulation, and sorption, which are mainly due to the fact that PFASs are synthetic compounds that have very low reactivity in the environment. Nevertheless, recent investigations have also shown that Feammox process in wetlands can mineralize the PFASs; thus, opens new opportunities for PFASs degradation in terms of effective plant-microbe interplay in the wetlands. The choice of plants and bacterial species is however crucial, and the system efficiency relies on species-specific, sediment-specific and pollutant-specific principles. More research is encouraged to identify genetic elements and molecular mechanisms that can help us harness effective plant-microbe interplay in wetlands for the successful removal of PFASs from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Huang D, Xiao R, Du L, Zhang G, Yin L, Deng R, Wang G. Phytoremediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances: A review on aquatic plants, influencing factors, and phytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126314. [PMID: 34329029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of emerging organic contaminants which are persistent to normal physicochemical treatments. The widespread use of PFASs has caused significant environmental issues. The bioaccumulation and distribution of PFASs within plant compartments have revealed great potentials for phytoremediation. In this review, the roles of aquatic plants in the process of PFASs remediation were highlighted. Moreover, there were different underlying mechanisms of PFASs uptake between terrestrial and aquatic plants. On the other hand, a wide range of influencing factors for bioaccumulation and translocation of PFASs within plant compartments are also presented and discussed. In response to exposure of PFASs, corresponding phytotoxic effects has affected the growth and metabolism of plants, which could provide beneficial guides of the phytotoxic tolerance for plant species selection in applications of phytoremediation. Finally, the discussion about whether phytoremediation is a viable option for PFASs removal and further research priorities are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Ruihao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Li Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Gaoxia Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - LingShi Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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12
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Xu C, Song X, Liu Z, Ding X, Chen H, Ding D. Occurrence, source apportionment, plant bioaccumulation and human exposure of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil and plant leaves near a landfill in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145731. [PMID: 33647664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 17 legacy and emerging PFASs were investigated in soil and plant leaves near a valley-type landfill, which has been in operation for over 20 years. ΣPFASs concentrations ranged from 5.31 to 108 ng/g dw and 11.9 to 115 ng/g dw in the soil and leaf samples, respectively, and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was dominant in both soil and leaves. The concentrations of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (F-53B) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) were significantly higher than those of legacy PFOA and PFOS, indicating emerging alternatives were widely applied in the region. The integrated approach of PCA analysis, field investigation of relevant industrial activities in the study area, along with the Unmix model analysis quantitatively revealed that factories producing consumer products and the landfill were the major sources of PFASs in soil, accounting for 57% of total PFASs detected. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of ΣPFASs in leaves varied from 0.37 to 8.59, and higher BAFs were found in camphor leaves. The log10BAFs in all plant leaves showed a linear decrease with increasing carbon chain lengths for individual PFCAs (C4-C8). The BAF values of HFPO-DA, F-53B and 6:2 FTS were 0.01-3.39, 0.04-6.15 and 0.01-6.33, respectively. The human health risk assessment of EDIs showed a decreasing trend with the increasing carbon chain lengths of PFCAs (C4-C9), and the PFASs EDI indicated further study on the human health risk via vegetable consumption be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Soil and Environment Analysis Center, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Da Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
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Li Y, He L, Lv L, Xue J, Wu L, Zhang Z, Yang L. Review on plant uptake of PFOS and PFOA for environmental cleanup: potential and implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30459-30470. [PMID: 33893912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have gained increasing concern due to their persistent characteristics, wide distribution, biotoxicity, and bioaccumulative properties. The current remediation technologies for PFOA and PFOS are primarily focused on physical and chemical techniques. Phytoremediation has provided promising alternatives to traditional cleanup technologies due to their low operational costs, low maintenance requirements, end-use value, and aesthetic nature. In this review, uptake, translocation, and toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA are summarized and discussed. Several potential hyperaccumulators of PFOS and PFOA are provided according to the existing data. Biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and other variables are assessed for potential indicator of PFOS/PFOA biotoxicity. The various studies on multiple scales are compared for identifying the threshold values. Several important implications and recommendations for future research are proposed at the end. This review provides an overview of current studies on plant uptake of PFOS and PFOA from the perspective of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited (Scion), Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Matovu H, Wang Z, Schramm KW, Omwoma S, Wanasolo W, Ngeno EC, Odongo S. Environmental levels and human body burdens of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in Africa: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139913. [PMID: 32540660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are known organic pollutants with adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem. This paper synthesises literature about the status of the pollutants and their precursors, identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future perspectives on the study of PFASs in Africa. Limited data on PFASs prevalence in Africa is available because there is limited capacity to monitor PFASs in African laboratories. The levels of PFASs in Africa are higher in samples from urban and industrialized areas compared to rural areas. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the dominant PFASs in human samples from Africa. Levels of PFOS and PFOA in these samples are lower than or comparable to those from industrialized countries. PFOA and PFOS levels in drinking water in Africa are, in some cases, higher than the EPA drinking water guidelines suggesting potential risk to humans. The levels of PFASs in birds' eggs from South Africa are higher, while those in other environmental media from Africa are lower or comparable to those from industrialized countries. Diet influences the pollutant levels in fish, while size and sex affect their accumulation in crocodiles. No bioaccumulation of PFASs in aquatic systems in Africa could be confirmed due to small sample sizes. Reported sources of PFASs in Africa include municipal landfills, inefficient wastewater treatment plants, consumer products containing PFASs, industrial wastewater and urban runoff. Relevant stakeholders need to take serious action to identify and deal with the salient sources of PFASs on the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum Müenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Solomon Omwoma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya
| | - William Wanasolo
- Department of Chemistry, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Uganda
| | | | - Silver Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Zhang DQ, Wang M, He Q, Niu X, Liang Y. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic plant-based systems: From soil adsorption and plant uptake to effects on microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113575. [PMID: 31733970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically explored the distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) through soil adsorption and plant bioaccumulation in aquatic plant-based systems, derived from a surface flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with Typha angustifolia. The water-soil-plant systems were fortified with eight perfluoroalkyl subsntances (PFASs) at different concentrations. The potential for individual PFAS adsorption onto soil substrate and bioaccumulation in the plants increased with the increasing PFAS initial concentrations. Longer-chain PFASs exhibited higher affinity to soil substrate compared to shorter-chain PFASs. The highest concentration in the soil was observed for PFOS (51.3 ng g-1), followed by PFHxS (9.39 ng g-1), and PFOA (5.53 ng g-1) at low PFAS level. The perfluoroalkyl chain length dependent trend was also seen in the roots with the highest individual PFAS concentration for PFOS (68.9 ng g-1), followed by PFOA (18.5 ng g-1) and PFHxS (13.4 ng g-1). By contrast, shorter-chain PFASs were preferentially translocated from roots to shoots in Typha angustifolia. A significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between bioaccumulation factor (BAFplant/water) (whole plant) and perfluoroalkyl chain length was observed. PFASs content in the plant compartments increased with increasing PFAS concentrations in the soil. Mass balance analysis indicates that approximately 40.7-99.6% of PFAS mass added to the system was adsorbed onto the soil and bioaccumulated in the plant tissues of T. angustifolia. Soil adsorption played a vital role in PFAS mass distribution. The results of Illumina high-throughput sequencing show that the bacterial diversity decreased upon PFAS exposure. The most predominant phyla retrieved were Proteobacteria (24.7-39.3%), followed by Actinobacteria (4.2-41.1%), Verrucomicrobia (7.9-25.1%), Bacteroidetes (10.2-20.4%), Cyanobacteria (0.4-16.5%), and Firmicutes (1.1-6.4%). The PFAS enrichment caused the changes (p > 0.05) in the structure and composition of bacterial community. This study helps to gain insight into a better understanding of the potential for PFASs distribution in an aquatic plant-based system and the impact on dynamic of microbial community exposed to PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qing Zhang
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qiaochong He
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany NY 12222, USA.
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16
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Zhang D, Zhang W, Liang Y. Distribution of eight perfluoroalkyl acids in plant-soil-water systems and their effect on the soil microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134146. [PMID: 31484094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) appears to be a green remediation technique. To understand distribution of PFAS in plant-soil-water systems, eight perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) at three different concentrations were spiked to Juncus effusus grown in a greenhouse for 21 days. Results from this study demonstrated that mass-based plant uptake of PFAAs correlated positively with concentrations and time. On the basis of removal percentages, the higher the initial PFAA concentrations, the less removal by plant was observed. With the low level of PFAA spike, J. effusus roots and shoots accumulated 30-40% of PFAAs (C4 to C8) except PFOS with a lower uptake of approximately 20%. Together with soil sorption, >82.8% of PFAAs were removed from the aqueous solution in 21 days. Uptake of PFAAs also depended on their carbon chain length and plant compartments (roots or shoots). This dependence resulted in different bioaccumulation factors and translocation factors for different PFAAs. Besides physical and chemical distribution, PFAAs, especially those added at the high level led to significant change of soil bacterial communities in terms of composition and structure. Potential impact to the community's functions warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Weilan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
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Pietrini F, Passatore L, Fischetti E, Carloni S, Ferrario C, Polesello S, Zacchini M. Evaluation of morpho-physiological traits and contaminant accumulation ability in Lemna minor L. treated with increasing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations under laboratory conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133828. [PMID: 31419689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of releasing emerging contaminants (i.e. endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal-care products and flame retardants) into the environment. Particular attention is being paid to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of their persistence and bioaccumulation, especially in the aquatic environment. In this paper, we present results of a study aimed at evaluating the effects of different perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations (2, 20 and 200 μg/L) on morpho-physiological traits in Lemna minor L. plants. The accumulation of PFOA in the plant's tissues was also monitored. L. minor was selected as a model plant for ecotoxicological studies, and we performed a seven-day assay for this investigation. The results highlight the lack of inhibitory effects on biometric parameters such as mean frond area, total frond number, multiplication rate, doubling time of frond number and average specific growth rate, for each of tested PFOA concentrations. Also, at photosynthetic level, physiological measurements showed that chlorophyll content and electron transport rate (ETR) were not affected by the exposure to PFOA. Remarkably, the chlorophyll fluorescence images, used for the first time in a study on PFOA, evidenced no impairment to the photosynthetic efficiency, measured by the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) over the leaf surface of PFOA-treated plants, in comparison to control. Quantification of PFOA in the growth medium at the end of the seven-day test revealed no statistically different concentrations in plates with or without L. minor plants. We detected increasing PFOA accumulation in plant tissues, in accordance with the PFOA concentrations in the medium. Therefore, the L. minor plants were capable of taking up and accumulating PFOA. The ecological impact of the environmentally relevant PFOA concentrations tested in this work on biological organisms of the aquatic environment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pietrini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Passatore
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fischetti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Carloni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferrario
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Brugherio, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Brugherio, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Zhang W, Zhang D, Zagorevski DV, Liang Y. Exposure of Juncus effusus to seven perfluoroalkyl acids: Uptake, accumulation and phytotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:300-308. [PMID: 31176131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has led to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) contamination in various environmental matrices. To remove PFAAs from contaminated water, this study investigated plant uptake of PFAAs by a native wetland plant species in the US, Juncus effusus. The results showed that J. effusus translocated selected PFAAs, including perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). During the 21-day experimental period, the uptake of PFAAs increased with increasing PFAAs exposure concentration and time. PFOS was largely accumulated in the roots with limited upward translocation. PFAAs with shorter carbon chain length were taken up by J. effusus roots and tended to accumulate in plant shoots. The highest removal efficiency (11.4%) of spiked PFAAs by J. effusus was achieved when it was exposed to PFAAs at around 4.6 mg/L for 21 days. The exposure to PFAAs stimulated the antioxidative defense system in J. effusus shoots but inhibited the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and damaged the antioxidative defense system in J. effusus roots. These results warrant further studies to evaluate J. effusus's long-term performance in a PFAAs contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Dmitri V Zagorevski
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
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Mudumbi JBN, Daso AP, Okonkwo OJ, Ntwampe SKO, Matsha TE, Mekuto L, Itoba-Tombo EF, Adetunji AT, Sibali LL. Propensity of Tagetes erecta L., a Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in Diabetes Management, to Accumulate Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7010018. [PMID: 30934572 PMCID: PMC6468628 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been extensively demonstrated that plants accumulate organic substances emanating from various sources, including soil and water. This fact suggests the potentiality of contamination of certain vital bioresources, such as medicinal plants, by persistent contaminants, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Hence, in this study, the propensity of Tagetes erecta L. (a commonly used medicinal plant) to accumulate PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS was determined using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC⁻MS/MS-8030). From the results, PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS were detected in all the plant samples and concentration levels were found to be 94.83 ng/g, 5.03 ng/g, and 1.44 ng/g, respectively, with bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranges of 1.30 to 2.57, 13.67 to 72.33, and 0.16 to 0.31, respectively. Little evidence exists on the bioaccumulative susceptibility of medicinal plants to these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These results suggest that these medicinal plants (in particular, Tagetes erecta L., used for the management of diabetes) are also potential conduits of PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adegbenro Peter Daso
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
| | - Okechukwu Jonathan Okonkwo
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adewole T Adetunji
- Department of Agriculture, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Wellington 7655, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Linda L Sibali
- Research Management Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
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20
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Mekuto L, Matsha T, Itoba-Tombo EF. The role of pollutants in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their prospective impact on phytomedicinal treatment strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:262. [PMID: 29610974 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and it is characterized by high blood sugar and abnormal sera lipid levels. Although the specific reasons for the development of these abnormalities are still not well understood, traditionally, genetic and lifestyle behavior have been reported as the leading causes of this disease. In the last three decades, the number of diabetic patients has drastically increased worldwide, with current statistics suggesting the number is to double in the next two decades. To combat this incurable ailment, orthodox medicines, to which economically disadvantaged patients have minimal access to, have been used. Thus, a considerable amalgamation of medicinal plants has recently been proven to possess therapeutic capabilities to manage T2DM, and this has prompted studies primarily focusing on the healing aspect of these plants, and ultimately, their commercialization. Hence, this review aims to highlight the potential threat of pollutants, i.e., polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and heavy metals, to medicinal plants, and their prospective impact on the phytomedicinal therapy strategies for T2DM. It is further suggested that auxiliary research be undertaken to better comprehend the factors that influence the uptake of these compounds by these plants. This should include a comprehensive risk assessment of phytomedicinal products destined for the treatment of T2DM. Regulations that control the use of PFC-precursors in certain developing countries are also long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2028, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Are Aquaporins (AQPs) the Gateway that Conduits Nutrients, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) into Plants? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-017-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yin T, Chen H, Reinhard M, Yi X, He Y, Gin KYH. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances removal in a full-scale tropical constructed wetland system treating landfill leachate. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:418-426. [PMID: 28892769 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is often an important source of emerging organic contaminants including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) requiring proper treatment to protect surface water and groundwater resources. This study investigated the occurrence of PFASs in the leachate of a capped landfill site in Singapore and the efficacy of PFASs removal during flow through a constructed wetland (CW) treatment system. The CW treatment system consists of equalization tank, aeration lagoons, sedimentation tank, reed beds and polishing ponds. Target compounds included 11 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) (7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 4 perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs)) and 7 PFAA precursors. Although total PFASs concentrations in the leachate varied widely (1269 to 7661 ng/L) over the one-year sampling period, the PFASs composition remained relatively stable with PFCAs consistently being predominant (64.0 ± 3.8%). Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) concentrations were highly correlated with total PFASs concentrations and could be an indicator for the release of PFASs from this landfill. The release of short-chain PFAAs strongly depended on precipitation whereas concentrations of the other PFASs appeared to be controlled by partitioning. Overall, the CW treatment system removed 61% of total PFASs and 50-96% of individual PFASs. PFAAs were removed most efficiently in the reed bed (42-49%), likely due to the combination of sorption to soils and sediments and plant uptake, whereas most of the PFAA precursors (i.e. 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 acid), N-substituted perfluorooctane sulfonamides (N-MeFOSAA and N-EtFOSAA)) were removed in the aeration lagoon (>55%) by biodegradation. The sedimentation tank and polishing ponds were relatively inefficient, with only 7% PFASs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingru Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Huiting Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Martin Reinhard
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xinzhu Yi
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Matsha T, Mekuto L, Itoba-Tombo EF. Recent developments in polyfluoroalkyl compounds research: a focus on human/environmental health impact, suggested substitutes and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:402. [PMID: 28721589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Between the late 1940s and early 1950s, humans manufactured polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) using electrochemical fluorination and telomerisation technologies, whereby hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms, thus conferring unnatural and unique physicochemical properties to these compounds. Presently, there are wide ranges of PFCs, and owing to their bioaccumulative properties, they have been detected in various environmental matrices and in human sera. It has thus been suggested that they are hazardous. Hence, this review aims at highlighting the recent development in PFC research, with a particular focus on perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most studied and predominantly found PFCs in various environmental matrices, although recent reports have included perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), which was previously regarded as innocuously harmless, when compared to its counterparts, PFOA and PFOS. As such, proper investigations are thus required for a better understanding of short-chain PFC substitutes, which have been suggested as suitable replacements to long-chained PFCs, although these substitutes have also been suggested to pose various health risks comparable to those associated with long-chain PFCs. Similarly, several novel technologies, such as PFC reduction using zero-valent iron, including removal at point of use, adsorption and coagulation, have been proposed. However, regardless of how efficient removers some of these techniques have proven to be, short-chain PFCs remain a challenge to overcome for scientists, in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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