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Moosavizadeh A, Motallebi M, Jahromi ZM, Mekuto L. Cloning and heterologous expression of Fusarium oxysporum nitrilase gene in Escherichia coli and evaluation in cyanide degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110389. [PMID: 38134733 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is widely utilized in the extraction of precious metal extraction even though it has been deemed as the most toxic compound. Fusarium oxysporum has been shown to degrade cyanide through the activity of the Nitrilase enzyme. In this study, the coding sequence of nitrilase gene from F. oxysporum genomic DNA was optimized for cloning and expression in E. coli. The pUC57 containing synthetic optimized nitrilase gene was transferred into E. coli DH5α strain. This nitrilase gene was sub-cloned into pET26b (+) expression vector containing an in-built His-tag at the C-terminal end to facilitate its purification. The recombinant plasmid, pETAM1, was confirmed by PCR, digestion pattern, and sequencing. The recombinant protein was overproduced in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The results of the SDS-PAGE pattern and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the expected recombinant protein. For expression optimization of Nitrilase protein, M16 orthogonal experimental design of the Taguchi method was used. The effect of induction time, temperature and IPTG concentration were examined using four levels for each factors. Estimation of the amount of the expressed protein was calculated via densitometry on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity and expression in E. coli proved to be successful since there was ammonia production when potassium cyanide and acrylonitrile were used as substrates while the highest enzyme activity of 88% was expressed at 30 °C. The Km and Vm values of the expressed Nitrilase enzyme were determined to be 0.68 mM and 0.48 mM/min respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azamsadat Moosavizadeh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mostafa Motallebi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zahra Moghaddassi Jahromi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
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Malmir N, Zamani M, Motallebi M, Fard NA, Mekuto L. Cyanide Biodegradation by Trichoderma harzianum and Cyanide Hydratase Network Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103336. [PMID: 35630813 PMCID: PMC9143735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is a poisonous and dangerous chemical that binds to metals in metalloenzymes, especially cytochrome C oxidase and, thus, interferes with their functionalities. Different pathways and enzymes are involved during cyanide biodegradation, and cyanide hydratase is one of the enzymes that is involved in such a process. In this study, cyanide resistance and cyanide degradation were studied using 24 fungal strains in order to find the strain with the best capacity for cyanide bioremediation. To confirm the capacity of the tested strains, cyano-bioremediation and the presence of the gene that is responsible for the cyanide detoxification was assessed. From the tested organisms, Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) had a significant capability to resist and degrade cyanide at a 15 mM concentration, where it achieved an efficiency of 75% in 7 days. The gene network analysis of enzymes that are involved in cyanide degradation revealed the involvement of cyanide hydratase, dipeptidase, carbon–nitrogen hydrolase-like protein, and ATP adenylyltransferase. This study revealed that T. harzianum was more efficient in degrading cyanide than the other tested fungal organisms, and molecular analysis confirmed the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Malmir
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran; (N.M.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.A.F.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohammadreza Zamani
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran; (N.M.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.A.F.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Mostafa Motallebi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran; (N.M.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.A.F.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Najaf Allahyari Fard
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran; (N.M.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.A.F.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)-11-559-9212
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Keyster M, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Carelse M, Bakare O, Ludidi N, Klein A, Mekuto L, Gokul A. Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1781. [PMID: 33339160 PMCID: PMC7765602 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mining of heavy metals from the environment leads to an increase in soil pollution, leading to the uptake of heavy metals into plant tissue. The build-up of toxic metals in plant cells often leads to cellular damage and senescence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce plants with improved tolerance to heavy metals for food security, as well as to limit heavy metal uptake for improved food safety purposes. To achieve this goal, our understanding of the signaling mechanisms which regulate toxic heavy metal uptake and tolerance in plants requires extensive improvement. In this review, we summarize recent literature and data on heavy metal toxicity (oral reference doses) and the impact of the metals on food safety and food security. Furthermore, we discuss some of the key events (reception, transduction, and response) in the heavy metal signaling cascades in the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. Our future perspectives provide an outlook of the exciting advances that will shape the plant heavy metal signaling field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mogamat Carelse
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Olalekan Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Ndiko Ludidi
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Sebola TE, Uche-Okereafor NC, Mekuto L, Makatini MM, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity and Untargeted Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Crude Bacterial Endophyte Extracts from Crinum macowanii Baker Leaves. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8839490. [PMID: 33488726 PMCID: PMC7803143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8839490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study isolated and identified endophytic bacteria from the leaves of Crinum macowanii and investigated the potential of the bacterial endophyte extracts as antibacterial and anticancer agents and their subsequent secondary metabolites. Ethyl acetate extracts from the endophytes and the leaves (methanol: dichloromethane (1 : 1)) were used for antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacterial strains by using the broth microdilution method. The anticancer activity against the U87MG glioblastoma and A549 lung carcinoma cells was determined by the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Bacterial endophytes that were successfully isolated from C. macowanii leaves include Raoultella ornithinolytica, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas palleroniana, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus safensis, Enterobacter asburiae, Pseudomonas cichorii, and Arthrobacter pascens. Pseudomonas cichorii exhibited broad antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria while Arthrobacter pascens displayed the least MIC of 0.0625 mg/mL. Bacillus safensis crude extracts were the only sample that showed notable cell reduction of 50% against A549 lung carcinoma cells at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Metabolite profiling of Bacillus safensis, Pseudomonas cichorii, and Arthrobacter pascens crude extracts revealed the presence of known antibacterial and/or anticancer agents such as lycorine (1), angustine (2), crinamidine (3), vasicinol (4), and powelline. It can be concluded that the crude bacterial endophyte extracts obtained from C. macowanii leaves can biosynthesize bioactive compounds and can be bioprospected for medical application into antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendani E. Sebola
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nkemdinma C. Uche-Okereafor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maya Mellisa Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
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Okereafor U, Makhatha M, Mekuto L, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Mavumengwana V. Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17072204. [PMID: 32218329 PMCID: PMC7178168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem. There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into the environment, farmlands, plants, livestock and subsequently humans through the food chain. Most of the toxic metal cases in Africa and other developing nations are a result of industrialization coupled with poor effluent disposal and management. Due to widespread mining activities in South Africa, pollution is a common site with devastating consequences on the health of animals and humans likewise. In recent years, talks on toxic metal pollution had taken center stage in most scientific symposiums as a serious health concern. Very high levels of toxic metals have been reported in most parts of South African soils, plants, animals and water bodies due to pollution. Toxic metals such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Arsenic (As) are major mining effluents from tailings which contaminate both the surface and underground water, soil and food, thus affecting biological function, endocrine systems and growth. Environmental toxicity in livestock is traceable to pesticides, agrochemicals and toxic metals. In this review, concerted efforts were made to condense the information contained in literature regarding toxic metal pollution and its implications in soil, water, plants, animals, marine life and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Okereafor
- Department of Metallurgy, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-7475-16904
| | - Mamookho Makhatha
- Department of Metallurgy, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.U.-O.); (T.S.)
| | - Tendani Sebola
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.U.-O.); (T.S.)
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
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Razanamahandry LC, Onwordi CT, Saban W, Bashir AKH, Mekuto L, Malenga E, Manikandan E, Fosso-Kankeu E, Maaza M, Ntwampe SKO. Performance of various cyanide degrading bacteria on the biodegradation of free cyanide in water. J Hazard Mater 2019; 380:120900. [PMID: 31326841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the biodegradation of free cyanide (FCN) by cyanide degrading bacteria (CDB) that were isolated from mining wastewater and thiocyanate containing wastewater. The performance of these isolates was compared to cryopreserved CDBs that were used in previous studies. The performance of the isolates to degrade FCN was studied in batch cultures. It was observed that the CDB from the thiocyanate wastewater showed higher biodegradation rates (2.114 g CN-. L-1.O.D600 nm-1.h-1) compared to the isolates from the mining wastewater. The isolates from the cryopreserved CDBs and from the mining wastewater achieved a biodegradation rate of 1.285 g CN- L-1.O.D600 nm-1.h-1 and 1.209 g CN-.L-1.O.D600 nm-1.h-1, respectively. This study demonstrated that the source of the organisms plays a significant role on FCN biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Razanamahandry
- UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - C T Onwordi
- University of Western Cape, Environmental and Nano Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Bellville, Private mail Bag X17, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - W Saban
- UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A K H Bashir
- UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Mekuto
- University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemical Engineering, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Malenga
- Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - E Manikandan
- UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa; Thiruvalluvar University, Department of Physics, TUCAS Campus, Thennangur, 604408, Vellore, India
| | - E Fosso-Kankeu
- Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - M Maaza
- UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S K O Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sebola TE, Uche‐Okereafor NC, Tapfuma KI, Mekuto L, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Evaluating antibacterial and anticancer activity of crude extracts of bacterial endophytes from Crinum macowanii Baker bulbs. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e914. [PMID: 31420951 PMCID: PMC6925154 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The results from this study revealed that crude extracts isolated from bacterial endophytes obtained from Crinum macowanii bulbs showed activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, while Acinetobacter guillouiae crude extracts displayed anticancer activity. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial endophytes and their crude extracts from C. macowanii bulbs. Endophytes were isolated using validated surface sterilization techniques, followed by phenotypic and genotypic profiles of the isolates. Crude extracts were extracted from the endophytes using ethyl acetate, while methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) was used to obtain crude extracts from the bulbs. Antibacterial activity of crude extract from each endophyte was investigated against selected pathogenic strains using the broth microdilution method, and anticancer activity against U87MG glioblastoma and A549 lung carcinoma cells was determined by the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Acinetobacter guillouiae, Pseudomonas moraviensis, Pseudomonas sp., Rahnella aquatilis, Bacillus cereus, Novosphingobium sp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Burkholderia tropica were successfully isolated. The crude extracts from the majority of endophytes showed antibacterial activity, ranging from 0.125 to >16.00 mg/ml against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Acinetobacter guillouiae extracts showed a high bioactive potential against U87MG glioblastoma cell lines by reducing their growth by 50% at concentrations of 12.5, 6.25, and 3.13 µg/ml. Crude extracts isolated from C. macowanii bulbs showed potential for possible drug lead against common pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendani E. Sebola
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nkemdinma C. Uche‐Okereafor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Kudzanai I. Tapfuma
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
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Tapfuma KI, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola TE, Hussan R, Mekuto L, Makatini MM, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from Datura stramonium's fungal endophytes against A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines and LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31752824 PMCID: PMC6873518 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi are a proven source of bioactive secondary metabolites that may provide lead compounds for novel drug discovery. In this study, crude extracts from fungal endophytes isolated from Datura stramonium were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on two human cancer cell lines. METHODS Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface sterilized aerial parts of D. stramonium and identified using molecular, morphological and phylogenetic methods. Ethyl acetate crude extracts from these isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines. Metabolite profiling was then performed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) for the cytotoxic crude extract. RESULTS Eleven fungal endophytes were identified from D. stramonium. Significant cytotoxicity was only observed from the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 on UMG87 glioblastoma cells (IC50 = 21.49 μg/ml). Metabolite profiling of this crude extract tentatively revealed the presence of the following secondary metabolites: 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1), anserinone B (2), phelligridin B (3), metacytofilin (4), phomopsidin (5) and vermixocin A (6). Compounds 2 and 3 have been shown to be cytotoxic in literature. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 possesses compound(s) cytotoxic to glioblastoma multiforme cells. Future studies to isolate and characterize the cytotoxic compound(s) from this fungus could result in lead development of a fungal-based drug for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
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Mewa-Ngongang M, du Plessis HW, Ntwampe SKO, Chidi BS, Hutchinson UF, Mekuto L, Jolly NP. The Use of Candida pyralidae and Pichia kluyveri to Control Spoilage Microorganisms of Raw Fruits Used for Beverage Production. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100454. [PMID: 31590435 PMCID: PMC6835701 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesired fermentation of fruit-derived beverages by fungal, yeast and bacterial spoilage organisms are among the major contributors of product losses in the food industry. As an alternative to chemical preservatives, the use of Candida pyralidae and Pichia kluyveri was assessed for antimicrobial activity against several yeasts (Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera anomala, Zygosaccharomyces bailii) and fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Rhizopus stolonifer) associated with spoilage of fruit and fruit-derived beverages. The antagonistic properties of C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri were evaluated on cheap solidified medium (grape pomace extract) as well as on fruits (grapes and apples). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri deemed to have antimicrobial activity were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A cell suspension of C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri showed growth inhibition activity against all spoilage microorganisms studied. Direct contact and extracellular VOCs were two of the mechanisms of inhibition. Twenty-five VOCs belonging to the categories of alcohols, organic acids and esters were identified as potential sources for the biocontrol activity observed in this study. This study reports, for the first time, the ability of C. pyralidae to inhibit fungal growth and also for P. kluyveri to show growth inhibition activity against spoilage organisms (n = 6) in a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)-21-809-3442
| | - Heinrich W. du Plessis
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Boredi Silas Chidi
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Ucrecia Faith Hutchinson
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Neil Paul Jolly
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
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10
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Erdogan IG, Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Fosso-Kankeu E, Waanders FB. Metagenomic profiling dataset of bacterial communities of a drinking water supply system (DWSS) in the arid Namaqualand region, South Africa: Source (lower Orange River) to point-of-use (O'Kiep). Data Brief 2019; 25:104135. [PMID: 31294068 PMCID: PMC6595409 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metagenomic data presented herein contains the bacterial community profile of a drinking water supply system (DWSS) supplying O'Kiep, Namaqualand, South Africa. Representative samples from the source (Orange River) to the point of use (O'Kiep), through a 150km DWSS used for drinking water distribution were analysed for bacterial content. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA V1-V3 regions was undertaken using oligonucleotide primers 27F and 518R subsequent to DNA extraction. The PCR amplicons were processed using the illumina® reaction kits as per manufactures guidelines and sequenced using the illumina® MiSeq-2000, by means of MiSeq V3 kit. The data obtained was processed using a bioinformatics QIIME software with a compatible fast nucleic acid (fna) file. The raw sequences were deposited at the National Centre of Biotechnology (NCBI) and the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, obtaining accession numbers for each species identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocentia G Erdogan
- Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the CoE C-based Fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elvis Fosso-Kankeu
- Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the CoE C-based Fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frans B Waanders
- Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the CoE C-based Fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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11
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Tapfuma KI, Mekuto L, Makatini MM, Mavumengwana V. The LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis data of detected metabolites from the crude extract of Datura stramonium leaves. Data Brief 2019; 25:104094. [PMID: 31245516 PMCID: PMC6582187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents the untargeted metabolite profiling of a crude extract from the leaves of Datura stramonium. The plant was collected in Johannesburg (South Africa) and the extract was prepared by firstly air-drying fresh D. stramonium leaves for one week, grinding the dry leaves into fine powder, followed by solvent extraction using a 1:1 solvent mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (v/v) to extract the compounds. The extract was concentrated at 65 °C to obtain a solid crude extract which was then stored under refrigeration at −80 °C. Qualitative tandem liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was utilized to identify compounds in the extract. The data processing revealed the presence of 76 known compounds in the crude extract from the leaves. This data article contains the m/z [M + H+] values, retention times and corresponding database search hit identities of the 76 compounds and the comprehensive list of m/z values detected during the LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzanai Ian Tapfuma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Maya Mellisa Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Mudumbi JBN, Daso AP, Okonkwo OJ, Ntwampe SKO, Matsha TE, Mekuto L, Itoba-Tombo EF, Adetunji AT, Sibali LL. Propensity of Tagetes erecta L., a Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in Diabetes Management, to Accumulate Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Toxics 2019; 7:toxics7010018. [PMID: 30934572 PMCID: PMC6468628 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been extensively demonstrated that plants accumulate organic substances emanating from various sources, including soil and water. This fact suggests the potentiality of contamination of certain vital bioresources, such as medicinal plants, by persistent contaminants, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Hence, in this study, the propensity of Tagetes erecta L. (a commonly used medicinal plant) to accumulate PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS was determined using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC⁻MS/MS-8030). From the results, PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS were detected in all the plant samples and concentration levels were found to be 94.83 ng/g, 5.03 ng/g, and 1.44 ng/g, respectively, with bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranges of 1.30 to 2.57, 13.67 to 72.33, and 0.16 to 0.31, respectively. Little evidence exists on the bioaccumulative susceptibility of medicinal plants to these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These results suggest that these medicinal plants (in particular, Tagetes erecta L., used for the management of diabetes) are also potential conduits of PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adegbenro Peter Daso
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
| | - Okechukwu Jonathan Okonkwo
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adewole T Adetunji
- Department of Agriculture, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Wellington 7655, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Linda L Sibali
- Research Management Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa.
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13
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Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Tapfuma K, Mekuto L, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Antibacterial Activities of Crude Secondary Metabolite Extracts from Pantoea Species Obtained from the Stem of Solanum mauritianum and Their Effects on Two Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E602. [PMID: 30791418 PMCID: PMC6406648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that are perceived as non-pathogenic symbionts found inside plants since they cause no symptoms of disease on the host plant. Soil conditions and geography among other factors contribute to the type(s) of endophytes isolated from plants. Our research interest is the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolite crude extracts from the medicinal plant Solanum mauritianum and its bacterial endophytes. Fresh, healthy stems of S. mauritianum were collected, washed, surface sterilized, macerated in PBS, inoculated in the nutrient agar plates, and incubated for 5 days at 30 °C. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was applied to identify the isolated bacterial endophytes. These endophytes were then grown in nutrient broth for 7⁻14 days, after which sterilized Amberlite® XAD7HP 20⁻60 mesh (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) resin was added to each culture to adsorb the secondary metabolites, which were later extracted using ethyl acetate. Concentrated crude extracts from each bacterial endophyte were tested for antibacterial activity against 11 pathogenic bacteria and two human cancer cell lines. In this study, a total of three bacterial endophytes of the Pantoea genus were identified from the stem of S. mauritianum. The antibacterial test showed that crude secondary metabolites of the endophytes and stem of S. mauritianum possessed antibacterial properties against pathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with concentrations showing inhibition ranging from 0.0625 to 8.0000 mg/mL. The anticancer analysis showed an increase in cell proliferation when A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines were treated with both the plant and endophytes' crude extracts. As far as we know, this is the first study of its kind on Solanum mauritianum in South Africa showing S. mauritianum endophytes having activity against some of the common human pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Tendani Sebola
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Kudzanai Tapfuma
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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14
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Mekuto L, Razanamahandry LC, Ntwampe SKO, Mudumbi JBN, Muchatibaya G. Process performance determination data in thiocyanate biodegradation systems: Use of sulphate production. Data Brief 2018; 17:275-278. [PMID: 29876392 PMCID: PMC5988291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents the utilization of sulphates as an indirect technique for the assessment of microbial growth, activity and SCN- biodegradation efficiency since the TDO were observed to be unable to utilise the produced sulphates as a source of sulphur (Mekuto e al., 2017) [1] The TDO demonstrated complete SCN- biodegradation while also utilizing the produced ammonium. The production of SO42- from SCN- biodegradation had a good correlation in comparison to the traditional methods of assessing microbial growth and activity i.e. direct cell counts (DCC), heterotrophic counts (CFU) and fluorescein production from fluorescein diacetate (FDA). The concentration of the produced SO42- demonstrated a similar logarithmic trend with the FDA, DCC and CFU techniques, thus confirming that the production of SO42- from SCN- biodegradation systems can be utilised as an indirect technique for the assessment of microbial growth, activity and SCN- biodegradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Lovasoa C Razanamahandry
- International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE), Department of Water and Sanitation, Laboratory of Water, Decontamination, Ecosystem and Health (LEDES), 01 P.O. Box 594, 01 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - John-Baptist N Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Gift Muchatibaya
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Mekuto L, Matsha T, Itoba-Tombo EF. The role of pollutants in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their prospective impact on phytomedicinal treatment strategies. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:262. [PMID: 29610974 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and it is characterized by high blood sugar and abnormal sera lipid levels. Although the specific reasons for the development of these abnormalities are still not well understood, traditionally, genetic and lifestyle behavior have been reported as the leading causes of this disease. In the last three decades, the number of diabetic patients has drastically increased worldwide, with current statistics suggesting the number is to double in the next two decades. To combat this incurable ailment, orthodox medicines, to which economically disadvantaged patients have minimal access to, have been used. Thus, a considerable amalgamation of medicinal plants has recently been proven to possess therapeutic capabilities to manage T2DM, and this has prompted studies primarily focusing on the healing aspect of these plants, and ultimately, their commercialization. Hence, this review aims to highlight the potential threat of pollutants, i.e., polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and heavy metals, to medicinal plants, and their prospective impact on the phytomedicinal therapy strategies for T2DM. It is further suggested that auxiliary research be undertaken to better comprehend the factors that influence the uptake of these compounds by these plants. This should include a comprehensive risk assessment of phytomedicinal products destined for the treatment of T2DM. Regulations that control the use of PFC-precursors in certain developing countries are also long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2028, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Mudumbi JBN. Microbial communities associated with the co-metabolism of free cyanide and thiocyanate under alkaline conditions. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:93. [PMID: 29430355 PMCID: PMC5796949 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the identification of free cyanide (CDO) and thiocyanate (TDO) degrading microbial communities using a culture-dependent and independent approach. Culturable microbial species were isolated from the CDOs (n = 13) and TDOs (n = 18). The CDOs were largely dominated by Bacillus sp. while the TDOs were dominated by Bacillus sp., Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. However, 16S rRNA amplicon gene-sequencing revealed the complexity and diversity of the microbial communities in contrast to the organisms that were detected using culture-dependent technique. Overall, the organisms were mainly dominated by Myroides odoratimimus and Proteus sp. at 37.82 and 30.5% for CDOs, and 35.26 and 17.58% for TDOs, respectively. The co-culturing of the CDOs and TDOs resulted in biochemical changes of key metabolic enzymes, and this resulted in the complete degradation of CN- and SCN- simultaneously; a phenomenon which has not been witnessed, especially under alkaline conditions. Current ongoing studies are focused on the application of these organisms for the biodegradation of CN- and SCN- in a continuous system, under changing operational parameters, to assess their effectiveness in the biodegradation of CN- and SCN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - John Baptist N. Mudumbi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Matsha T, Mekuto L, Itoba-Tombo EF. Recent developments in polyfluoroalkyl compounds research: a focus on human/environmental health impact, suggested substitutes and removal strategies. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:402. [PMID: 28721589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Between the late 1940s and early 1950s, humans manufactured polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) using electrochemical fluorination and telomerisation technologies, whereby hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms, thus conferring unnatural and unique physicochemical properties to these compounds. Presently, there are wide ranges of PFCs, and owing to their bioaccumulative properties, they have been detected in various environmental matrices and in human sera. It has thus been suggested that they are hazardous. Hence, this review aims at highlighting the recent development in PFC research, with a particular focus on perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most studied and predominantly found PFCs in various environmental matrices, although recent reports have included perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), which was previously regarded as innocuously harmless, when compared to its counterparts, PFOA and PFOS. As such, proper investigations are thus required for a better understanding of short-chain PFC substitutes, which have been suggested as suitable replacements to long-chained PFCs, although these substitutes have also been suggested to pose various health risks comparable to those associated with long-chain PFCs. Similarly, several novel technologies, such as PFC reduction using zero-valent iron, including removal at point of use, adsorption and coagulation, have been proposed. However, regardless of how efficient removers some of these techniques have proven to be, short-chain PFCs remain a challenge to overcome for scientists, in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Mudumbi JBN, Akinpelu EA, Mewa-Ngongang M. Metagenomic data of free cyanide and thiocyanate degrading bacterial communities. Data Brief 2017; 13:738-741. [PMID: 28748209 PMCID: PMC5512189 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article contains the bacterial community structure of the free cyanide (CN-) and thiocyanate (SCN-) degrading organisms that were isolated from electroplating wastewater and synthetic SCN- containing wastewater. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA V1-V3 regions was undertaken using the 27F and 518R oligonucleotide primers following the metacommunity DNA extraction procedure. The PCR amplicons were processed using the illumina® reaction kits as per manufacturer׳s instruction and sequenced using the illumina® MiSeq-2000, using the MiSeq V3 kit. The data was processed using bioinformatics tools such as QIIME and the raw sequence files are available via NCBI׳s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - John B N Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Enoch A Akinpelu
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
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Akinpelu EA, Adetunji AT, Ntwampe SK, Nchu F, Mekuto L. Biochemical characteristics of a free cyanide and total nitrogen assimilating Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02 isolate from cyanide contaminated soil. Data Brief 2017; 14:84-87. [PMID: 28861443 PMCID: PMC5567387 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability of nutrient requirements for microbial proliferation on a large scale is a challenge in bioremediation processes. This article presents data on biochemical properties of a free cyanide resistant and total nitrogen assimilating fungal isolate from the rhizosphere of Zeamays (maize) growing in soil contaminated with a cyanide-based pesticide. DNA extracted from this isolate were PCR amplified using universal primers; TEF1-α and ITS. The raw sequence files are available on the NCBI database. Characterisation using biochemical data was obtained using colorimetric reagents analysed with VITEK® 2 software version 7.01. The data will be informative in selection of biocatalyst for environmental engineering application.
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Mewa-Ngongang M, du Plessis HW, Hutchinson UF, Mekuto L, Ntwampe SK. Kinetic modelling and optimisation of antimicrobial compound production by Candida pyralidae KU736785 for control of Candida guilliermondii. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2017; 23:358-370. [PMID: 28595484 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217694288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological antimicrobial compounds from yeast can be used to address the critical need for safer preservatives in food, fruit and beverages. The inhibition of Candida guilliermondii, a common fermented beverage spoilage organism, was achieved using antimicrobial compounds produced by Candida pyralidae KU736785. The antimicrobial production system was modelled and optimised using response surface methodology, with 22.5 ℃ and pH of 5.0 being the optimum conditions. A new concept for quantifying spoilage organism inhibition was developed. The inhibition activity of the antimicrobial compounds was observed to be at a maximum after 17-23 h of fermentation, with C. pyralidae concentration being between 0.40 and 1.25 × 109 CFU ml-1, while its maximum specific growth rate was 0.31-0.54 h-1. The maximum inhibitory activity was between 0.19 and 1.08 l contaminated solidified media per millilitre of antimicrobial compound used. Furthermore, the antimicrobial compound formation rate was 0.037-0.086 l VZI ml-1 ACU h-1, respectively. The response surface methodology analysis showed that the model developed sufficiently described the antimicrobial compound formation rate 1.08 l VZI ml-1 ACU, as 1.17 l VZI ml-1 ACU, predicted under the optimum production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,2 Bioresource Engineering Research Group ( BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,3 ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Heinrich W du Plessis
- 3 ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ucrecia F Hutchinson
- 2 Bioresource Engineering Research Group ( BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.,3 ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- 2 Bioresource Engineering Research Group ( BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Seteno Ko Ntwampe
- 2 Bioresource Engineering Research Group ( BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mekuto L, Alegbeleye OO, Ntwampe SKO, Ngongang MM, Mudumbi JB, Akinpelu EA. Co-metabolism of thiocyanate and free cyanide by Exiguobacterium acetylicum and Bacillus marisflavi under alkaline conditions. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:173. [PMID: 28330245 PMCID: PMC4990519 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous discharge of cyanide-containing effluents to the environment has necessitated for the development of environmentally benign treatment processes that would result in complete detoxification of the cyanide-containing wastewaters, without producing additional environmental toxicants. Since biological detoxification of hazardous chemical compounds has been renowned for its robustness and environmental-friendliness, the ability of the Exiguobacterium acetylicum (GenBank accession number KT282229) and Bacillus marisflavi (GenBank accession number KR016603) to co-metabolise thiocyanate (SCN−) and free cyanide (CN−) under alkaline conditions was evaluated. E. acetylicum had an SCN− degradation efficiency of 99.9 % from an initial SCN− concentration of 150 mg SCN−/L, but the organism was unable to degrade CN−. Consequently, B. marisflavi had a CN− degradation efficiency of 99 % from an initial concentration of 200 mg CN−/L. Similarly, the organism was unable to degrade SCN−; hence, this resulted in the evaluation of co-metabolism of SCN− and CN− by the two microbial species. Optimisation of operational conditions was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A numeric optimisation technique was used to evaluate the optimisation of the input variables i.e. pH, temperature, SCN− and CN− concentrations. The optimum conditions were found to be as follows: pH 9.0, temperature 34 °C, 140 mg SCN−/L and 205 mg CN−/L under which complete SCN− and CN− degradation would be achieved over a 168-h period. Using the optimised data, co-metabolism of SCN− and CN− by both E. acetylicum and B. marisflavi was evaluated, achieving a combined degradation efficiency of ≥99.9 %. The high degradative capacity of these organisms has resulted in their supplementation on an active continuous biological degradation system that is treating both SCN− and CN−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Mewa Ngongang
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - John Baptist Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Enoch A Akinpelu
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Akcil A. An integrated biological approach for treatment of cyanidation wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2016; 571:711-720. [PMID: 27424119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyanidation process has been, and still remains, a profitable and highly efficient process for the recovery of precious metals from ores. However, this process has contributed to environmental deterioration and potable water reserve contamination due to the discharge of poorly treated, or untreated, cyanide containing wastewater. The process produces numerous cyanide complexes in addition to the gold cyanocomplex. Additionally, the discharge constituents also include hydrogen cyanide (HCN) - metallic complexes with iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt and other metals; thiocyanate (SCN); and cyanate (CNO). The fate of these complexes in the environment dictates the degree to which these species pose a threat to living organisms. This paper reviews the impact that the cyanidation process has on the environment, the ecotoxicology of the cyanidation wastewater and the treatment methods that are currently utilised to treat cyanidation wastewater. Furthermore, this review proposes an integrated biological approach for the treatment of the cyanidation process wastewater using microbial consortia that is insensitive and able to degrade cyanide species, in all stages of the proposed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - S K O Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Ata Akcil
- Mineral-Metal Recovery and Recycling (MMR&R) Research Group, Mineral Processing Div., Dept. of Mining Eng., Suleyman Demirel University, TR32260 Isparta, Turkey
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Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Kena M, Golela MT, Amodu OS. Free cyanide and thiocyanate biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03 capable of heterotrophic nitrification under alkaline conditions. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:6. [PMID: 28330076 PMCID: PMC4697911 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An alkali-tolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03 (accession number KR011154), isolated from an oil spill site, was evaluated for the biodegradation of free cyanide and thiocyanate under alkaline conditions. The organism had a free cyanide degradation efficiency of 80 and 32 % from an initial concentration of 250 and 450 mg CN-/L, respectively. Additionally, the organism was able to degrade thiocyanate, achieving a degradation efficiency of 78 and 98 % from non- and free cyanide spiked cultures, respectively. The organism was capable of heterotrophic nitrification but was unable to denitrify aerobically. The organism was unable to degrade free cyanide in the absence of a carbon source, but it was able to degrade thiocyanate heterotrophically, achieving a degradation efficiency of 79 % from an initial concentration of 250 mg SCN-/L. Further increases in thiocyanate degradation efficiency were only observed when the cultures were spiked with free cyanide (50 mg CN-/L), achieving a degradation efficiency of 98 % from an initial concentration of 250 mg SCN-/L. This is the first study to report free cyanide and thiocyanate degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The higher free cyanide and thiocyanate tolerance of the isolate STK 03, which surpasses the stipulated tolerance threshold of 200 mg CN-/L for most organisms, could be valuable in microbial consortia for the degradation of cyanides in an industrial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Margaret Kena
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Mhlangabezi Tolbert Golela
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Olusola Solomon Amodu
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
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Mpongwana N, Ntwampe SKO, Mekuto L, Akinpelu EA, Dyantyi S, Mpentshu Y. Isolation of high-salinity-tolerant bacterial strains, Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., Yersinia sp., for nitrification and aerobic denitrification under cyanogenic conditions. Water Sci Technol 2016; 73:2168-2175. [PMID: 27148718 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyanides (CN(-)) and soluble salts could potentially inhibit biological processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as nitrification and denitrification. Cyanide in wastewater can alter metabolic functions of microbial populations in WWTPs, thus significantly inhibiting nitrifier and denitrifier metabolic processes, rendering the water treatment processes ineffective. In this study, bacterial isolates that are tolerant to high salinity conditions, which are capable of nitrification and aerobic denitrification under cyanogenic conditions, were isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse effluent. Three of the bacterial isolates were found to be able to oxidise NH(4)-N in the presence of 65.91 mg/L of free cyanide (CN(-)) under saline conditions, i.e. 4.5% (w/v) NaCl. The isolates I, H and G, were identified as Enterobacter sp., Yersinia sp. and Serratia sp., respectively. Results showed that 81% (I), 71% (G) and 75% (H) of 400 mg/L NH(4)-N was biodegraded (nitrification) within 72 h, with the rates of biodegradation being suitably described by first order reactions, with rate constants being: 4.19 h(-1) (I), 4.21 h(-1) (H) and 3.79 h(-1) (G), respectively, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.82 and 0.89. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates were 38% (I), 42% (H) and 48% (G), over a period of 168 h with COD reduction being highest at near neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mpongwana
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
| | - S K O Ntwampe
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
| | - L Mekuto
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
| | - E A Akinpelu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
| | - S Dyantyi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Y Mpentshu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa E-mail:
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Mekuto L, Ntwampe SKO, Jackson VA. Biodegradation of free cyanide and subsequent utilisation of biodegradation by-products by Bacillus consortia: optimisation using response surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:10434-10443. [PMID: 25721526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A mesophilic alkali-tolerant bacterial consortium belonging to the Bacillus genus was evaluated for its ability to biodegrade high free cyanide (CN(-)) concentration (up to 500 mg CN(-)/L), subsequent to the oxidation of the formed ammonium and nitrates in a continuous bioreactor system solely supplemented with whey waste. Furthermore, an optimisation study for successful cyanide biodegradation by this consortium was evaluated in batch bioreactors (BBs) using response surface methodology (RSM). The input variables, that is, pH, temperature and whey-waste concentration, were optimised using a numerical optimisation technique where the optimum conditions were found to be as follows: pH 9.88, temperature 33.60 °C and whey-waste concentration of 14.27 g/L, under which 206.53 mg CN(-)/L in 96 h can be biodegraded by the microbial species from an initial cyanide concentration of 500 mg CN(-)/L. Furthermore, using the optimised data, cyanide biodegradation in a continuous mode was evaluated in a dual-stage packed-bed bioreactor (PBB) connected in series to a pneumatic bioreactor system (PBS) used for simultaneous nitrification, including aerobic denitrification. The whey-supported Bacillus sp. culture was not inhibited by the free cyanide concentration of up to 500 mg CN(-)/L, with an overall degradation efficiency of ≥ 99 % with subsequent nitrification and aerobic denitrification of the formed ammonium and nitrates over a period of 80 days. This is the first study to report free cyanide biodegradation at concentrations of up to 500 mg CN(-)/L in a continuous system using whey waste as a microbial feedstock. The results showed that the process has the potential for the bioremediation of cyanide-containing wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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