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Di Paola R, De A, Izhar R, Abate M, Zappavigna S, Capasso A, Perna AF, La Russa A, Capasso G, Caraglia M, Simeoni M. Possible Effects of Uremic Toxins p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, p-Cresyl Sulfate on the Development and Progression of Colon Cancer in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1257. [PMID: 37372437 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces several systemic effects, including the accumulation and production of uremic toxins responsible for the activation of various harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis has been widely described in CKD patients, even in the early stages of the disease. The abundant discharge of urea and other waste substances into the gut favors the selection of an altered intestinal microbiota in CKD patients. The prevalence of bacteria with fermentative activity leads to the release and accumulation in the gut and in the blood of several substances, such as p-Cresol (p-C), Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresyl Sulfate (p-CS). Since these metabolites are normally eliminated in the urine, they tend to accumulate in the blood of CKD patients proportionally to renal impairment. P-CS, IS and p-C play a fundamental role in the activation of various pro-tumorigenic processes, such as chronic systemic inflammation, the increase in the production of free radicals and immune dysfunction. An up to two-fold increase in the incidence of colon cancer development in CKD has been reported in several studies, although the pathogenic mechanisms explaining this compelling association have not yet been described. Based on our literature review, it appears likely the hypothesis of a role of p-C, IS and p-CS in colon cancer development and progression in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Paola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ananya De
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raafiah Izhar
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 75063, USA
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella La Russa
- Department of Sperimental Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l. Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
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The Association of Serum L-Carnitine Concentrations with the Risk of Cancer in Chinese Adults with Hypertension. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234999. [PMID: 36501029 PMCID: PMC9738465 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of serum L-carnitine (LC) concentrations on cancer risk remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between serum LC and the risk of incident cancer. METHODS This is a case-control study, including 574 patients with incident cancer and 574 controls matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, and residence, nested within the China H-Type Hypertension Registry Study (CHHRS). Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of serum LC and incident cancer risk. RESULTS When LC was assessed as quartiles, compared with patients with low LC (Q1), patients in the highest quartile (Q4) had a 33% (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.99), 52% (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.99), and 39% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.99) decreased risk of overall, digestive system, and non-digestive system cancer in the adjusted models, respectively. In subgroup analyses, an inverse association of LC with cancer risk was observed in individuals who were overweight (obese), who never drink, who never smoke, and who were female. In the mediation analysis, serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations did not mediate the reversed association of LC with cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that serum LC concentrations had a protective impact on overall, digestive system, and non-digestive system cancer risk.
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3
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Meng X, Liu H, Peng L, He W, Li S. Potential clinical applications of alpha‑ketoglutaric acid in diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:151. [PMID: 35244187 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, also known as 2‑oxoglutarate, α‑ketoglutaric acid (AKG) plays an important role in maintaining physiological functions and cell metabolism. AKG is involved in both energy metabolism, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism; thus, exhibiting a variety of functions. Moreover, AKG plays an important role in various systems of the body. Results of previous research indicated that AKG may act as a regulator in the progression of a variety of diseases; thus, it exhibits potential as a novel drug for the clinical treatment of age‑related diseases. The present review aimed to summarize the latest research progress and potential clinical applications of AKG and provided novel directions and scope for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Meng
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lixuan Peng
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo He
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Suyun Li
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Kim HY, Lee YJ, Kim SJ, Lee JD, Kim S, Ko MJ, Kim JW, Shin CY, Kim KB. Metabolomics profiling of valproic acid-induced symptoms resembling autism spectrum disorders using 1H NMR spectral analysis in rat model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:1-13. [PMID: 34445937 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1967821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been implicated in the manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavioral and functional changes both in human and rodents including mice and rats. The objective of this study was to determine metabolomics profiling and biomarkers related to VPA-induced symptoms resembling ASD using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectral data. VPA was administered to pregnant rats at gestation day 12.5 and effects measured subsequently in male 4-week-old offspring pups. The sociability of VPA-treated animals was significantly diminished and exhibited ASD-like behavior as evidenced by reduction of social adaptation disorder and lack of social interactions. To find biomarkers related to ASD, the following were collected prefrontal brain cortices, urine bladder and blood samples directly from heart puncture. In all samples, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed significant clustering pattern differences between control and treated groups. Valine, taurine, myo-inositol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone were significantly decreased in brain cortices in treated rats. Serum metabolites of glucose, creatine phosphate, lactate, glutamine and threonine were significantly increased in VPA-administered animals. Urinary metabolites of pimelate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and valerate were significantly reduced in VPA-treated rat, whereas galactose and galactonate levels were elevated. Various metabolites were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction metabolism and central nervous system disorders. Data demonstrated that VPA-induced alterations in endogenous metabolites of serum, urine, and brain cortex which might prove useful as biomarkers for symptoms resembling ASD as a model of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ko
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woon Kim
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
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5
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Huang S, Guo Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhou T, You W, Pan K, Li W. A systematic review of metabolomic profiling of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:181-198. [PMID: 32296585 PMCID: PMC7142846 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, predominantly gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC), are malignant tumor types with high morbidity and mortality rates. Accumulating studies have focused on metabolomic profiling of UGI cancers in recent years. In this systematic review, we have provided a collective summary of previous findings on metabolites and metabolomic profiling associated with GC and EC. Methods: A systematic search of three databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) for molecular epidemiologic studies on the metabolomic profiles of GC and EC was conducted. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Results: A total of 52 original studies were included for review. A number of metabolites were differentially distributed between GC and EC cases and non-cases, including those involved in glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and protein and lipid metabolism. Lactic acid, glucose, citrate, and fumaric acid were among the most frequently reported metabolites of cellular respiration while glutamine, glutamate, and valine were among the most commonly reported amino acids. The lipid metabolites identified previously included saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids, aldehydes, and ketones. However, the key findings across studies to date have been inconsistent, potentially due to limited sample sizes and the majority being hospital-based case-control analyses lacking an independent replication group. Conclusions: Studies on metabolomics have thus far provided insights into etiological factors and biomarkers for UGI cancers, supporting the potential of applying metabolomic profiling in cancer prevention and management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weicheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100142, China
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6
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Dalal N, Jalandra R, Bayal N, Yadav AK, Sharma M, Makharia GK, Kumar P, Singh R, Solanki PR, Kumar A. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in CRC progression and causation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3141-3155. [PMID: 34273006 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on recent research reports, dysbiosis and improper concentrations of microbial metabolites in the gut may result into the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Recent advancement also highlights the involvement of bacteria and their secreted metabolites in the cancer causation. Gut microbial metabolites are functional output of the host-microbiota interactions and produced by anaerobic fermentation of food components in the diet. They contribute to influence variety of biological mechanisms including inflammation, cell signaling, cell-cycle disruption which are majorly disrupted in carcinogenic activities. PURPOSE In this review, we intend to discuss recent updates and possible molecular mechanisms to provide the role of bacterial metabolites, gut bacteria and diet in the colorectal carcinogenesis. Recent evidences have proposed the role of bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleaturm, Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium septicum, in the carcinogenesis of CRC. Metagenomic study confirmed that these bacteria are in increased abundance in CRC patient as compared to healthy individuals and can cause inflammation and DNA damage which can lead to development of cancer. These bacteria produce metabolites, such as secondary bile salts from primary bile salts, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which are likely to promote inflammation and subsequently cancer development. CONCLUSION Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota-derived metabolites have a role in CRC progression and causation and hence, could be implicated in CRC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Dalal
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Rekha Jalandra
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Nitin Bayal
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Minakshi Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Bekhit AEDA, Giteru SG, Holman BWB, Hopkins DL. Total volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine in muscle foods: Potential formation pathways and effects on human health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3620-3666. [PMID: 34056832 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) as a quality parameter for fish is rapidly growing to include other types of meat. Investigations of meat quality have recently focused on TVB-N as an index of freshness, but little is known on the biochemical pathways involved in its generation. Furthermore, TVB-N and methylated amines have been reported to exert deterimental health effects, but the relationship between these compounds and human health has not been critically reviewed. Here, literature on the formative pathways of TVB-N has been reviewed in depth. The association of methylated amines and human health has been critically evaluated. Interventions to mitigate the effects of TVB-N on human health are discussed. TVB-N levels in meat can be influenced by the diet of an animal, which calls for careful consideration when using TVB-N thresholds for regulatory purposes. Bacterial contamination and temperature abuse contribute to significant levels of post-mortem TVB-N increases. Therefore, controlling spoilage factors through a good level of hygiene during processing and preservation techniques may contribute to a substantial reduction of TVB-N. Trimethylamine (TMA) constitutes a significant part of TVB-N. TMA and trimethylamine oxide (TMA-N-O) have been related to the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancers, and diabetes. Proposed methods for mitigation of TMA and TMA-N-O accumulation are discussed, which include a reduction in their daily dietary intake, control of internal production pathways by targeting gut microbiota, and inhibition of flavin monooxygenase 3 enzymes. The levels of TMA and TMA-N-O have significant health effects, and this should, therefore, be considered when evaluating meat quality and acceptability. Agreed international values for TVB-N and TMA in meat products are required. The role of feed, gut microbiota, and translocation of methylated amines to muscles in farmed animals requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen G Giteru
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Limited, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin W B Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David L Hopkins
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
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Lee JD, Kim HY, Park JJ, Oh SB, Goo H, Cho KJ, Kim S, Kim KB. Metabolomics approach to biomarkers of dry eye disease using 1H-NMR in rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:313-330. [PMID: 33393448 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1867274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic and progressive lesion on the ocular surface and induces symptoms, such as burning sensation, itchy eyes, heavy eyes, tired eyes, dry feeling, facial flushing, and blurred vision. The present study was performed to develop DED biomarkers using metabolomics in a rat model. DED was induced by injecting scopolamine and exposing rats to a dry condition. Scopolamine (12 mg/kg/day for 7 days) was subcutaneously injected to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were placed in dry condition with air-flow and dehumidifier. Tear volume and tear breakup time (TBUT) were measured, and eyes were examined through fluorescein staining to assess DED. Mucosal damage and immune reactions were also determined. Plasma and urinary endogenous metabolites were determined using 1H-NMR analysis. Compared with control tear and TBUT levels were significantly decreased in the DED group whereas corneal damage was significantly increased. The levels of interleukins (IL-6) and IL-1β significantly elevated in the cornea and lacrimal glands in the DED group. TNF-α was numerically increased but not significantly different between groups. Pattern recognition using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of the NMR spectra in global profiling revealed different clusters between DED and control groups. Target profiling demonstrated that PCA and OPLS-DA score plots were separated between DED and controls in plasma and urine. Subsequently, 9 plasma metabolites were selected to examine different clustering between groups, and 26 urinary metabolites were also selected. Plasma metabolites showed a non-significant rising tendency in the DED group. Urinary phenylalanine, phenylacetate, pantothenate, glycine, succinate, methanol, valine, propylene glycol, histidine, threonine, lactate, and acetate were significantly different between control and DED rats. These results may contribute to understanding the metabolic regulation that is involved in DED and might be useful for potential biomarkers related to DED in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bean Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Goo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Jin Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Ge S, Zhou H, Zhou Z, Liu L, Lou J. Serum metabolite profiling of a 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis model using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10619. [PMID: 33505800 PMCID: PMC7789858 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer progresses from hyperplastic epithelial lesions through dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The critical needs in oral cancer treatment are expanding our knowledge of malignant tumour progression and the development of useful approaches to prevent dysplastic lesions. This study was designed to gain insights into the underlying metabolic transformations that occur during the process of oral carcinogenesis. Methods We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to observe alterations in serum metabolites in a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis model. Thirty-eight male rats were randomly divided into two groups, including the 4NQO-induced model group of 30 rats and the healthy control group of five rats. Animals were sacrificed at weeks 9, 13, 20, 24, and 32, post-4NQO treatment. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examinations and blood samples were collected for metabolomic analysis. Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models generated from GC-MS metabolic profile data showed robust discrimination from rats with oral premalignant and malignant lesions induced by 4NQO, and normal controls. Results The results found 16 metabolites associated with 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Dysregulated arachidonic acid, fatty acid, and glycine metabolism, as well as disturbed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chains were observed in the animal model. The PLS-DA models of metabolomic results demonstrated good separations between the 4NQO-induced model group and the normal control group. Conclusion We found several metabolites modulated by 4NQO and provide a good reference for further study of early diagnosis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ge
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Haiwen Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Kwon HN, Lee H, Park JW, Kim YH, Park S, Kim JJ. Screening for Early Gastric Cancer Using a Noninvasive Urine Metabolomics Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102904. [PMID: 33050308 PMCID: PMC7599479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are currently no effective specific biomarkers for the screening of early gastric cancer. Recently, metabolomics has been used to profile small endogenous metabolites, demonstrating significant potential in the diagnosis/screening of cancer, owing to its ability to conduct a noninvasive sample analysis. Here, we performed a urine metabolomics analysis in the context of an early diagnosis of gastric cancer. This approach showed very high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and performed significantly better than the analysis of serum tumor markers modalities. An additional genomic data analysis revealed the up-regulation of several genes in gastric cancer. This metabolomics-based early diagnosis approach may have the potential for mass screening an average-risk population and may facilitate endoscopic examination through risk stratification. Abstract The early detection of gastric cancer (GC) could decrease its incidence and mortality. However, there are currently no accurate noninvasive markers for GC screening. Therefore, we developed a noninvasive diagnostic approach, employing urine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, to discover putative metabolic markers associated with GC. Changes in urine metabolite levels during oncogenesis were evaluated using samples from 103 patients with GC and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Approximately 70% of the patients with GC (n = 69) had stage I GC, with the majority (n = 56) having intramucosal cancer. A multivariate statistical analysis of the urine NMR data well discriminated between the patient and control groups and revealed nine metabolites, including alanine, citrate, creatine, creatinine, glycerol, hippurate, phenylalanine, taurine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, that contributed to the difference. A diagnostic performance test with a separate validation set exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of more than 90%, even with the intramucosal cancer samples only. In conclusion, the NMR-based urine metabolomics approach may have potential as a convenient screening method for the early detection of GC and may facilitate consequent endoscopic examination through risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Nam Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.J.K.); Tel.: +82-(2)-880-7834 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-3409 (J.J.K.); Fax: +82-(2)-880-7831 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-6983 (J.J.K.)
| | - Jae J. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.J.K.); Tel.: +82-(2)-880-7834 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-3409 (J.J.K.); Fax: +82-(2)-880-7831 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-6983 (J.J.K.)
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11
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Han S, Zhuang J, Wu Y, Wu W, Yang X. Progress in Research on Colorectal Cancer-Related Microorganisms and Metabolites. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8703-8720. [PMID: 33061569 PMCID: PMC7518784 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s268943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora is an important component in the human body, which have been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Indeed, changes in the intestinal flora in CRC patients compared to those in control subjects have been reported. Several bacterial species have been shown to exhibit the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic properties, which could consequently have an impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the potential links between the intestinal microbiota and CRC. We illustrated the mechanisms by which intestinal flora imbalance affects CRC, mainly focusing on inflammation, microbial metabolites, and specific bacteria species. In addition, we discuss how a diet exhibits a strong impact on microbial composition and provides risks for developing CRC. Finally, we describe the potential future directions that are based on intestinal microbiota manipulation for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Graduate School of Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
Early detection of graft injury after kidney transplantation is key to maintaining long-term good graft function. Graft injury could be due to a multitude of factors including ischaemia reperfusion injury, cell or antibody-mediated rejection, progressive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, infections and toxicity from the immunosuppressive drugs themselves. The current gold standard for assessing renal graft dysfunction is renal biopsy. However, biopsy is usually late when triggered by a change in serum creatinine and of limited utility in diagnosis of early injury when histological changes are equivocal. Therefore, there is a need for timely, objective and non-invasive diagnostic techniques with good early predictive value to determine graft injury and provide precision in titrating immunosuppression. We review potential novel plasma and urine biomarkers that offer sensitive new strategies for early detection and provide major insights into mechanisms of graft injury. This is a rapidly expanding field, but it is likely that a combination of biomarkers will be required to provide adequate sensitivity and specificity for detecting graft injury.
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13
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A bacterial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, disrupts the hemostasis balance in human primary endothelial cells but no coagulopathy in mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019; 30:324-330. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Zeng Q, Song H, Xu X, Mao W, Xie H, Liang J, Chen X, Chen D, Zhan Y. Health effects of kiwi wine on rats: an untargeted metabolic fingerprint study based on GC-MS/TOF. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13797-13807. [PMID: 35519589 PMCID: PMC9063974 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwi wine is a popular fermentation product of kiwi fruit in Asian countries. To better understand the potential health effects of kiwi wine, an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) approach was taken to assess the metabolic fingerprint of rats after dietary ingestion of kiwi wine. 7 differentially expressed endogenous metabolites from serum and 8 from urine were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism pathway, fat metabolism and other metabolisms and selected from the KEGG. The above results showed that kiwi wine mainly led to a pronounced perturbation of energy metabolism (especially carbohydrate metabolism) during the consumption period. After stopping the supply of kiwi wine 30 days later, 6 and 3 endogenous metabolites from serum and urine respectively were screened and involved in a small part of carbohydrate related amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism, which indicated that the effect of kiwi wine sustained a lasting effect on energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism after stopping the supply. Thus, kiwi wine might have a positive function on health associated with the metabolism of its constituents. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a nutrition field view for the development of the kiwi wine agricultural industry via an untargeted GC-MS metabolomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Hongjin Song
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Hui Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Dan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
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15
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Ryu SH, Lee JD, Kim JW, Kim S, Kim S, Kim KB. 1H NMR toxicometabolomics following cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:57-71. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ha Ryu
- R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp., Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Pharmacology Department, CKD Research Institute, Korea
| | - Siwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Korea
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16
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Yang B, Liao GQ, Wen XF, Chen WH, Cheng S, Stolzenburg JU, Ganzer R, Neuhaus J. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a new approach for improvement of early diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:921-933. [PMID: 29119730 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men. Early detection and risk stratification is the most effective way to improve the survival of PCa patients. Current PCa biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cancer. Metabolite biomarkers are evolving as a new diagnostic tool. This review is aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolite biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and monitoring of PCa. Of the 154 identified publications, 27 and 38 were original papers on urine and serum metabolomics, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising method for measuring concentrations of metabolites in complex samples with good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and simple sample processing. Especially urine-based NMR metabolomics has the potential to be a cost-efficient method for the early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Liao
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Ganzer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.,Division of Urology, Research Laboratory, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Ryu SH, Kim JW, Yoon D, Kim S, Kim KB. Serum and urine toxicometabolomics following gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:408-420. [PMID: 29608440 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1451180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in treatment of various types of bacterial infections, but the major adverse effect is drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to determine biomarkers that might predict nephrotoxicity initiated by GM using serum or urinary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data in male Sprague-Dawley rats. GM (0, 30, or 300 mg/kg/d) was intraperitoneally administered for 3 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 2 d (D2) or 8 d (D8) after last administration of GM in order to perform analysis of serum biochemistries and histopathologic examination. Urine samples were collected every 24 h from prior to treatment until sacrifice. Serum and urinary 1H NMR spectral data revealed apparent differential clustering between control and GM-treated groups as evidenced by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in global and targeted profiling. The concentrations of endogenous serum metabolites including 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, citrate, creatine, glucose, and glycine were increased significantly on D2 or D8. Urinary levels of glucose, glycine, and succinate were significantly elevated on D2 or D8, whereas the concentration of hippurate was significantly decreased on D2 and D8. Correlation of serum and urinary 1H NMR OPLS-DA with serum biochemistry and renal histopathologic changes suggests that 1H NMR urinalysis may be used to reliably predict or screen for GM-induced nephrotoxicity. In contrast, Western blot analysis of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) demonstrated that protein expression was not markedly altered indicating this biomarker was not sensitive to detect GM-mediated renal damage. Data suggest that these altered metabolites might serve as specific and sensitive biomarkers for GM-mediated renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ha Ryu
- a Analysis Research Team, R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp ., Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
- b Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- c Pharmacology Department , CKD Research Institute , Gyunggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- d Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- d Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- b Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
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18
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Subramaniam S, Fletcher C. Trimethylamine N-oxide: breathe new life. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1344-1353. [PMID: 28745401 PMCID: PMC5866995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Association between elevated levels of systemic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events have been proposed in recent years. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence in the last decade has implicated TMAO as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. TMAO, the oxygenated product of trimethylamine (TMA), belongs to the class of amine oxides. Most of the TMA derived from the metabolism of choline and L-carnitine by gut bacteria is absorbed into the bloodstream and gets rapidly oxidized to TMAO by the hepatic enzyme, flavin-containing monooxgenase-3. Here, we discussed the biosynthesis of TMAO and clinical studies that have assessed TMAO as a biomarker for various cardiovascular and other diseases such as kidney failure, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and cancer. We also summarized the interaction of TMAO with synthetic and traditional molecules that together affect circulating TMAO levels. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Craig Fletcher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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19
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Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active molecule and is a putative promoter of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis in humans. Host intestinal bacteria produce its precursor trimethylamine (TMA) from carnitine, choline, or choline-containing compounds. Most of the TMA produced is passively absorbed into portal circulation, and hepatic flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) efficiently oxidize TMA to TMAO. Both observational and experimental studies suggest a strong positive correlation between increased plasma TMAO concentrations and adverse cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. However, a clear mechanistic link between TMAO and such diseases is not yet validated. Therefore, it is debated whether increased TMAO concentrations are the cause or result of these diseases. Here, we have tried to review the current understanding of the properties and physiological functions of TMAO, its dietary sources, and its effects on human metabolism. Studies that describe the potential role of TMAO in the etiology of cardiovascular and other diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081;
| | - Manya Warrier
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081;
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20
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Choi JM, Park WS, Song KY, Lee HJ, Jung BH. Development of simultaneous analysis of tryptophan metabolites in serum and gastric juice - an investigation towards establishing a biomarker test for gastric cancer diagnosis. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1963-1974. [PMID: 27240299 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in tryptophan metabolism and discover diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer, a quantitative method was developed for tryptophan and its seven metabolites (indole-3-lactic acid, anthranilic acid, serotonin, nicotinic acid, kynurenic acid, kynurenine and 3-indoxyl sulfate) in both human serum and gastric juice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum and gastric juice were prepared with a simple protein precipitation using aqueous 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. As a result, it was found that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism was activated in gastric cancer and that the metabolic ratio of kynurenine/tryptophan, which reflects the enzyme activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, was associated with the observed metabolic changes. Finally, the investigation of tryptophan metabolites, especially kynurenic acid, in serum and gastric juice might serve as biomarkers for gastric cancer. The findings in this study provide critical information of tryptophan metabolism which can be applied to a serum-based diagnostic test for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Sarosiek I, Schicho R, Blandon P, Bashashati M. Urinary metabolites as noninvasive biomarkers of gastrointestinal diseases: A clinical review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:459-465. [PMID: 27190585 PMCID: PMC4865713 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i5.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is usually based on invasive techniques such as endoscopy. A key important factor in GI cancer is early diagnosis which warrants development of non- or less-invasive diagnostic techniques. In addition, monitoring and surveillance are other important parts in the management of GI diseases. Metabolomics studies with nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry can measure the concentration of more than 3000 chemical compounds in the urine providing possible chemical signature in different diseases and during health. In this review, we discuss the urinary metabolomics signature of different GI diseases including GI cancer and elaborate on how these biomarkers could be used for the classification, early diagnosis and the monitoring of the patients. Moreover, we discuss future directions of this still evolving field of research.
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22
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Bonneau E, Tétreault N, Robitaille R, Boucher A, De Guire V. Metabolomics: Perspectives on potential biomarkers in organ transplantation and immunosuppressant toxicity. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:377-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Yuan LW, Yamashita H, Seto Y. Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer: The cutting-edge. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2046-2059. [PMID: 26877609 PMCID: PMC4726677 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer cells differs from that of normal epithelial cells. Upregulated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) in gastric cancer meeting the demands of cell proliferation is associated with genetic mutations, epigenetic modification and proteomic alteration. Understanding the mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis may contribute to our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis. Metabolomic studies offer novel, convenient and practical tools in the search for new biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and chemosensitivity prediction of gastric cancer. Interfering with the process of glycolysis in cancer cells may provide a new and promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer. In this article, we present a brief review of recent studies of glucose metabolism in gastric cancer, with primary focus on the clinical applications of new biomarkers and their potential therapeutic role in gastric cancer.
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24
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Liu L, Wang Y, Zheng T, Cao B, Li M, Shi J, Aa N, Wang X, Zhao C, Aa J, Wang G. Metabolic shifts induced by human H460 cells in tumor-bearing mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:337-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Suzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control; Suzhou 215104 China
| | - Tian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Bei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Nan Aa
- Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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25
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Farid SG, Morris-Stiff G. "OMICS" technologies and their role in foregut primary malignancies. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 52:409-41. [PMID: 26527526 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Modesitt SC, Hallowell PT, Slack-Davis JK, Michalek RD, Atkins KA, Kelley SL, Arapovic S, Shupnik MA, Hoehn K. Women at extreme risk for obesity-related carcinogenesis: Baseline endometrial pathology and impact of bariatric surgery on weight, metabolic profiles and quality of life. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:238-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Ufnal M, Zadlo A, Ostaszewski R. TMAO: A small molecule of great expectations. Nutrition 2015; 31:1317-23. [PMID: 26283574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small organic compound whose concentration in blood increases after ingesting dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine. Recent clinical studies show a positive correlation between elevated plasma levels of TMAO and an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events defined as death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Several experimental studies suggest a possible contribution of TMAO to the etiology of cardiovascular diseases by affecting lipid and hormonal homeostasis. On the other hand, TMAO-rich seafood, which is an important source of protein and vitamins in the Mediterranean diet, has been considered beneficial for the circulatory system. Although in humans TMAO is known mainly as a waste product of choline metabolism, a number of studies suggest an involvement of TMAO in important biological functions in numerous organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals. For example, cells use TMAO to maintain cell volume under conditions of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure stresses. In this article, we reviewed well-established chemical and biological properties of TMAO and dietary sources of TMAO, as well as looked at the studies suggesting possible involvement of TMAO in the etiology of cardiovascular and other diseases, such as kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Zadlo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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A matrix-induced ion suppression method to normalize concentration in urinary metabolomics studies using flow injection analysis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 864:21-9. [PMID: 25732423 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Normalizing the total urine concentration is important for minimizing bias in urinary metabolomics analysis comparisons. In this study, we report a matrix-induced ion suppression (MIIS)-based method to normalize concentration using flow injection analysis coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-MS). An ion suppression indicator (ISI) was spiked into urine samples, and the intensity of the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) for ISI in a urine matrix was subtracted by the EIC for a blank solution and used to calculate the extent to which the signal was reduced by the urine matrix. A series dilution of pooled urine samples was used to correlate the urine concentration and level of ion suppression for ISI. A regression equation was used to estimate the relative concentration of unknown urine samples. The MIIS method was validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. We obtained a good correlation using a quadratic regression model for 1- to 32-fold urine dilutions (R(2)=0.998). The reproducibility (n=4) and intermediate precision (n=3) were below 5% RSD, and the accuracy ranged from 97.15% to 102.10%. The established method was used to estimate the relative concentrations of 16 urine samples, and the results were compared with commonly used normalization methods. Pearson's correlation test was used to demonstrate that the MIIS method correlated highly with the creatinine and osmolarity methods; the correlation coefficients were 0.93 and 0.99, respectively. We successfully applied this method to a urinary metabolomics study on breast cancer. This study demonstrated the MIIS method is simple, accurate and can contribute to data integrity in urinary metabolomics studies.
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Chan AW, Gill RS, Schiller D, Sawyer MB. Potential role of metabolomics in diagnosis and surveillance of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12874-12882. [PMID: 25278684 PMCID: PMC4177469 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and is especially prevalent in Asian countries. With such high morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis is essential to achieving curative intent treatment and long term survival. Metabolomics is a new field of study that analyzes metabolites from biofluids and tissue samples. While metabolomics is still in its infancy, there are numerous potential applications in oncology, specifically early diagnosis. Only a few studies in the literature have examined metabolomics’ role in gastric cancer. Various fatty acid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolites have been identified that distinguish gastric cancer from normal tissue and benign gastric disease. However, findings from these few studies are at times conflicting. Most studies demonstrate some relationship of cancer cells to the Warburg Effect, in that glycolysis predominates with conversion of pyruvate to lactate. This is one of the most consistent findings across the literature. There is less consistency in metabolomic signature with respect to nucleic acids, lipids and amino acids. In spite of this, metabolomics holds some promise for cancer surveillance but further studies are necessary to achieve consistency and validation before it can be widely employed as a clinical tool.
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Jayavelu ND, Bar NS. Metabolomic studies of human gastric cancer: Review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8092-8101. [PMID: 25009381 PMCID: PMC4081680 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a field of study in systems biology that involves the identification and quantification of metabolites present in a biological system. Analyzing metabolic differences between unperturbed and perturbed networks, such as cancerous and non-cancerous samples, can provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis. Despite the large number of review articles concerning metabolomics and its application in cancer research, biomarker and drug discovery, these reviews do not focus on a specific type of cancer. Metabolomics may provide biomarkers useful for identification of early stage gastric cancer, potentially addressing an important clinical need. Here, we present a short review on metabolomics as a tool for biomarker discovery in human gastric cancer, with a primary focus on its use as a predictor of anticancer drug chemosensitivity, diagnosis, prognosis, and metastasis.
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Bonvallot N, Tremblay-Franco M, Chevrier C, Canlet C, Debrauwer L, Cravedi JP, Cordier S. Potential input from metabolomics for exploring and understanding the links between environment and health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:21-44. [PMID: 24597908 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.860318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans may be exposed via their environment to multiple chemicals as a consequence of human activities and use of synthetic products. Little knowledge is routinely generated on the hazards of these chemical mixtures. The metabolomic approach is widely used to identify metabolic pathways modified by diseases, drugs, or exposures to toxicants. This review, based on the state of the art of the current applications of metabolomics in environmental health, attempts to determine whether metabolomics might constitute an original approach to the study of associations between multiple, low-dose environmental exposures in humans. Studying the biochemical consequences of complex environmental exposures is a challenge demanding the development of careful experimental and epidemiological designs, in order to take into account possible confounders associated with the high level of interindividual variability induced by different lifestyles. The choices of populations studied, sampling and storage procedures, statistical tools used, and system biology need to be considered. Suggestions for improved experimental and epidemiological designs are described. Evidence indicates that metabolomics may be a powerful tool in environmental health in the identification of both complex exposure biomarkers directly in human populations and modified metabolic pathways, in an attempt to improve understanding the underlying environmental causes of diseases. Nevertheless, the validity of biomarkers and relevancy of animal-to-human extrapolation remain key challenges that need to be properly explored.
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Johnson CH, Manna SK, Krausz KW, Bonzo JA, Divelbiss RD, Hollingshead MG, Gonzalez FJ. Global metabolomics reveals urinary biomarkers of breast cancer in a mcf-7 xenograft mouse model. Metabolites 2013; 3:658-72. [PMID: 24958144 PMCID: PMC3901288 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global metabolomics analysis has the potential to uncover novel metabolic pathways that are differentially regulated during carcinogenesis, aiding in biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and remission monitoring. Metabolomics studies with human samples can be problematic due to high inter-individual variation; however xenografts of human cancers in mice offer a well-controlled model system. Urine was collected from a xenograft mouse model of MCF-7 breast cancer and analyzed by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to identify metabolites associated with cancer progression. Over 10 weeks, 24 h urine was collected weekly from control mice, mice dosed with estradiol cypionate (1 mg/mL), mice inoculated with MCF-7 cells (1 × 107) and estradiol cypionate (1 mg/mL), and mice dosed with MCF-7 cells (1 × 107) only (n = 10/group). Mice that received both estradiol cypionate and MCF-7 cells developed tumors from four weeks after inoculation. Five urinary metabolites were identified that were associated with breast cancer; enterolactone glucuronide, coumaric acid sulfate, capric acid glucuronide, an unknown metabolite, and a novel mammalian metabolite, "taurosebacic acid". These metabolites revealed a correlation between tumor growth, fatty acid synthesis, and potential anti-proliferative effects of gut microbiota-metabolized food derivatives. These biomarkers may be of value for early diagnosis of cancer, monitoring of cancer therapeutics, and may also lead to future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Johnson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Soumen K Manna
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jessica A Bonzo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Raymond D Divelbiss
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Melinda G Hollingshead
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Li F, Patterson AD, Krausz KW, Jiang C, Bi H, Sowers AL, Cook JA, Mitchell JB, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolomics reveals that tumor xenografts induce liver dysfunction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2126-35. [PMID: 23637421 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry, was used to explore metabolic signatures of tumor growth in mice. Urine samples were collected from control mice and mice injected with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) tumor cells. When tumors reached ∼2 cm, all mice were killed and blood and liver samples collected. The urine metabolites hexanoylglycine, nicotinamide 1-oxide, and 11β,20α-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid were elevated in tumor-bearing mice, as was asymmetric dimethylarginine, a biomarker for oxidative stress. Interestingly, SCCVII tumor growth resulted in hepatomegaly, reduced albumin/globulin ratios, and elevated serum triglycerides, suggesting liver dysfunction. Alterations in liver metabolites between SCCVII-tumor-bearing and control mice confirmed the presence of liver injury. Hepatic mRNA analysis indicated that inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β were enhanced in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice, and the expression of cytochromes P450 was decreased in tumor-bearing mice. Further, genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were decreased, suggesting impaired fatty acid oxidation in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, activated phospholipid metabolism and a disrupted tricarboxylic acid cycle were observed in SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice. These data suggest that tumor growth imposes a global inflammatory response that results in liver dysfunction and underscore the use of metabolomics to temporally examine these changes and potentially use metabolite changes to monitor tumor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Zhou XM, He CC, Liu YM, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Du Y, Zheng WY, Li JX. Metabonomic classification and detection of small molecule biomarkers of malignant pleural effusions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:3123-33. [PMID: 23052876 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, most research has been focused on the benign molecules in pleural effusions, and diagnosis of malignant ones still remains challenging. In the present study, targeting the small molecules as potential biomarkers to predict the malignancy of the effusions, the metabolic profiles of 81 clinical pleural effusions (41 malignant effusions from lung cancer and 40 benign ones) were investigated through a NMR-based metabonomic approach. In (1)H NMR analysis, a total of ten small molecules in the effusions were simultaneously determined. Significantly higher mean values of valine, lactate, and alanine and markedly lower signal intensities of acetoacetate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and α- and β-glucose were observed in malignant pleural effusions compared with those in benign ones. DFA modeling of NMR spectra subjected to a validation allowed the malignant effusions to be discriminated from benign ones in both training and validation groups. Currently, the conventional clinical analyses on chemical constituents in effusions could not provide a reliable prediction of malignancy of the effusions; the present results revealed that the small molecules might serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis of the effusions, and the present NMR-based metabonomic approach provided a valuable potential to rapidly and sensitively predict the malignancy of the pleural effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Kim KB, Yang JY, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Ryu DH, Kim YJ, Bae JY, Lim DS, Choi SM, Kwon MJ, Bang DY, Lim SK, Kim YW, Hwang GS, Lee BM. Potential metabolomic biomarkers for evaluation of adriamycin efficacy using a urinary 1H-NMR spectroscopy. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1251-9. [PMID: 22782856 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metabolomics approach using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to investigate metabolic alterations following adriamycin (ADR) treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma. After BALB/c-nu/nu mice were implanted with human gastric adenocarcinoma, ADR (1 or 3 mg kg(-1) per day) was intraperitoneally administered for 5 days. Urine was collected on days 2 and 5 and analyzed by NMR. The levels of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO, ×0.3), hippurate (×0.3) and taurine (×0.6) decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of 3-indoxylsulfate (×12.6), trigonelline (×1.5), citrate (×2.5), trimethylamine (TMA, ×2.0) and 2-oxoglutarate (×2.3) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the tumor model. After ADR treatment, TMAO, hippuarte and taurine were increased significantly on day 5 compared with those of the tumor model. The levels of 2-oxoglutarate, 3-indoxylsulfate, trigonelline, TMA and citrate, which increased in the tumor model, significantly decreased to those of normal control by ADR treatment. Furthermore, the ratio between TMA and TMAO was dramatically altered in both tumor and ADR-treated groups. Overall, metabolites such as TMAO, TMA, 3-indoxylsulfate, hippurate, trigonelline, citrate and 2-oxoglutarate related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle might be considered as therapeutic targets to potentiate the efficacy of ADR. Thus, these results suggest that the metabolomics analysis of tumor response to ADR treatment may be applicable for demonstrating the efficacy of anticancer agent, ADR and treatment adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
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Patel NR, McPhail MJW, Shariff MIF, Keun HC, Taylor-Robinson SD. Biofluid metabonomics using (1)H NMR spectroscopy: the road to biomarker discovery in gastroenterology and hepatology. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 6:239-51. [PMID: 22375528 DOI: 10.1586/egh.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling or 'metabonomics' is an investigatory method that allows metabolic changes associated with the presence of an underlying pathological process to be investigated. Various biofluids can be utilized in the process but urine, serum and fecal extract are most pertinent to the investigation of gastrointestinal and hepatological disease. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabonomic research has the potential to generate novel noninvasive diagnostic tests, based on biomarkers of disease, which are simple and cost effective yet retain high sensitivity and specificity characteristics. The process involves a number of key steps, including sample collection, data acquisition, chemometric techniques and, finally, validation. This technique-driven review aims to demystify the metabonomics pathway, while also illustrating the potential of this technique with recent examples of its application in hepato-gastroenterological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeral R Patel
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 10th Floor, QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, South Wharf Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
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Martin FPJ, Collino S, Rezzi S. 1H NMR-based metabonomic applications to decipher gut microbial metabolic influence on mammalian health. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49 Suppl 1:S47-S54. [PMID: 22290709 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular biology and microbiology have increased awareness on the importance of the gut microbiota to the overall mammalian host's health status. There is therefore increasing interest in nutrition research to characterise the molecular foundations of the gut microbial mammalian crosstalk at both physiological and biochemical pathway levels. Tackling these challenges can be achieved through systems biology strategies based on the measurement of metabolites to assess the highly complex metabolic exchanges between diverse biological compartments, including organs, biofluids and microbial symbionts. By opening a direct biochemical window into the metabolome, metabonomics is uniquely suited for the identification of biomarkers providing better understanding of these complex metabolic processes. Recent applications of top-down system biology based on (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled to advanced chemometric modelling approaches provided compelling evidence that system-wide and organ-specific changes in biochemical processes may be finely tuned by gut microbial activities. This review aims at describing current advances in NMR-based metabonomics where the main objective is to discern the molecular pathways and biochemical mechanisms under the influence of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, emphasis is given on nutritional approaches, where the quest for homeostatic balance is dependent not only on the host but also on the nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions, using, for instance, probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre J Martin
- BioAnalytical Science, Metabonomics & Biomarkers, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ganti S, Weiss RH. Urine metabolomics for kidney cancer detection and biomarker discovery. Urol Oncol 2011; 29:551-7. [PMID: 21930086 PMCID: PMC3177099 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the few human cancers whose incidence is increasing. The disease regularly progresses asymptomatically and is frequently metastatic upon presentation, thereby necessitating the development of an early method of detection. A metabolomic approach for biomarker detection using urine as a biofluid is appropriate since the tumor is located in close proximity to the urinary space. By comparing the composition of urine from individuals with RCC to control individuals, differences in metabolite composition of this biofluid can be identified, and these data can be utilized to create a clinically applicable and, possibly, bedside assay. Recent studies have shown that sample handling and processing greatly influences the variability seen in the urinary metabolome of both cancer and control patients. Once a standard method of collection is developed, identifying metabolic derangements associated with RCC will also lead to the investigation of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. The objective of this review is to discuss existing methods for sample collection, processing, data analysis, and recent findings in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Ganti
- Division of Nephrology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MCIP Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert H. Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MCIP Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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OuYang D, Xu J, Huang H, Chen Z. Metabolomic profiling of serum from human pancreatic cancer patients using 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:148-54. [PMID: 21505807 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with the worst prognosis among all cancers. At the time of diagnosis, surgical cure is no longer a feasible option for most patients, thus early detection of pancreatic cancer is crucial for its treatment. Metabolomics is a powerful new analytical approach to detect the metabolome of cells, tissue, or biofluids. Here, we report the application of (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with principal components analysis to discriminate pancreatic cancer patients from healthy controls based on metabolomic profiling of the serum. The metabolic analysis revealed significant lower of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, lactate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide as well as significant higher level of isoleucine, triglyceride, leucine, and creatinine in the serum from pancreatic cancer patients compared to that of healthy controls. Our data demonstrate that the subtle differences in metabolite profiles in serum of pancreatic cancer patients and that of healthy subjects as a result of physiological and pathological variations could be identified by NMR-based metabolomics and exploited as metabolic markers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong OuYang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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