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Du G, Song X, Zhou F, Ouyang L, Li Q, Ruan S, Su R, Rao S, Zhu Y, Xie J, Feng C, Fan G. Association Between Multiple Metal(loid)s Exposure and Blood Lipid Levels: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of Southeastern China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3483-3495. [PMID: 37991670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to essential and toxic metals occurs simultaneously as a mixture in real-life. However, there is no consensus regarding the effects of co-exposure to multiple metal(loid)s (designated hereafter metals) on blood lipid levels. Thus, blood concentrations of six human essential metals and five toxic metals in 720 general populations from southeastern China were simultaneously determined as a measure of exposure. In addition, quantile g-computation, Bayesian kernel machine regression, elastic net regression, and generalized linear model were used to investigate both the joint and individual effects of exposure to this metal mixture on human blood lipid levels. The significant positive joint effect of exposure to this metal mixture on serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, rather than on serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Castelli risk index I, Castelli risk index II, atherogenic coefficient, and non-HDL-C levels, was found. In addition, the positive effect may be primarily driven by selenium (Se), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) exposure. In addition, on the effect of TC levels, the synergistic effect between Pb and Hg and the antagonistic effect between Se and Pb were identified. Our finding suggests that combined exposure to this metal mixture may affect human blood lipid levels. Therefore, reducing exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb and Hg, should be a priority for the general population. In addition, Se supplementation should also be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Du
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Song
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Environmental Health, Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330046, People's Republic of China
| | - Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Ruan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Hadjadji C, Augiron S, Crini N, Amiot C, Driget V, Tourmetz J, Renault S, Coeurdassier M. Metals in the Réunion harrier: tissue concentrations and meaning for conservation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89270-89279. [PMID: 37452238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Réunion harrier is an endemic raptor on Réunion Island. Several threats endanger its population, poisoning by rodenticides being considered as the main one currently. No information is available on its exposure to other chemicals notably trace metal elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). The Réunion harrier is still a victim of poaching nowadays. When shooting is not lethal, animals may carry embedded shot in their body and thus be exposed to toxic level of Pb as demonstrated for other raptors. Moreover, recent monitoring suggests a decrease of its breeding success over time. It is known that Hg and Cd could impair reproduction and disturb embryo development in birds. The aim is to measure metal concentrations in the tissues of 30 carcasses of harrier collected from 2016 to 2021. Lead was analyzed in the liver and humerus, while Hg and Cd were measured in livers. Concentrations were compared to toxicological reference values. Overall, the Réunion harrier was not exposed to toxic levels of Pb or Cd. For Hg, 53% of the individuals have residues higher than the threshold compatible with oxidative stress, and 13% have liver concentrations above those compatible with reproduction impairment. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of urban habitat in a 55 km2 area centered on the location where the harrier was found and the concentration of Hg in the liver. We conclude that Hg exposure could be a threat for the Réunion harrier population and recommend monitoring the exposure of the most sensitive stages, i.e., embryos and nestlings, to this metal with non-invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Hadjadji
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Steve Augiron
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Amiot
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Driget
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Tourmetz
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Samantha Renault
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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3
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Ozoani H, Ezejiofor AN, Okolo KO, Orish CN, Cirovic A, Cirovic A, Orisakwe OE. Zinc and selenium attenuate quaternary heavy metal mixture-induced testicular damage via amplification of the antioxidant system, reduction in metal accumulation, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:497-515. [PMID: 37398573 PMCID: PMC10313602 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) are highly toxic elements. They are often found together in nature as a heavy metal mixture (HMM) and are known to contribute to subfertility/infertility as environmental pollutants. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of treating HMM-induced testicular pathophysiology with zinc (Zn) and/or selenium (Se). Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into 5 (n = 7). The control group received deionized water, while the other groups were treated with PbCl2 (20 mg kg-1), CdCl2 (1.61 mg kg-1), HgCl2 (0.40 mg kg-1), and Na2AsO3 (10 mg kg-1) in deionized water for 60 days. Additionally, groups III to V received Zn, Se, and Zn/Se, respectively, for 60 days. The study evaluated testis weight, metal accumulation, sperm analysis, FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin, oxidative stress, antioxidants, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and presented structural changes in the testis as micrographs. HMM caused a significant increase in testis weight, metal accumulation, prolactin, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers, while significantly decreasing semen analysis, FSH, LH, and testosterone. Histology showed decreased spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, as evidenced by the structure of the germ cells and spermatids. However, Zn, Se, or both ameliorated and reversed some of the observed damages. This study provides further evidence for the mitigative potential of Zn, Se, or both in reversing the damage inflicted by HMM in the testis, and as a countermeasure towards improving HM-induced decrease in public health fecundity. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Ozoani
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Anthonet N. Ezejiofor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba Nigeria
| | - Kenneth O. Okolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Chinna N. Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba Nigeria
| | - Ana Cirovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba Nigeria
- Provictoire Research Institute, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria
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Du G, Zhou F, Ouyang L, Wang K, Rao S, Su R, Zhu Y, Guo K, Xiao J, Xie J, Li Q, Feng C, Fan G. Pregnancy and lactation mixed exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury alters maternal-offspring single heavy metal load: A factorial design. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114113. [PMID: 36641952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to heavy metal mixture of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) would induce hazardous health effects. However, there is a paucity of data on how exposure to heavy metal mixture alters the metabolic dynamics of individual metals. Considering that the dose plays a key role in determining the toxicity of heavy metals, we performed a factorial design with three heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) at low exposure levels. Female rats were exposed to Pb, Cd, and (or) Hg from successful mating until pup weaning. Their concentrations in maternal blood, breast milk, and postnatal day 0 (PND0) and PND21 offspring blood and whole brain were measured. Using ANOVA analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural equation model, we demonstrated the complex interactions among heavy metals during their absorption, mother-offspring transport, and target organ accumulation. Among all the explored samples, almost all the highest Pb, Cd, and Hg levels were observed in their respective single heavy metal exposure groups. In addition, Hg was found could antagonize the transport of Pb or Cd, when they cross the placental barrier and blood-brain barriers (BBB). However, the effect of Hg no longer presented when they are absorbed through the digestive system. The antagonistic effect of Pb on Cd was observed when they cross the placental barrier. In addition, Cd was also found to compete the transport pathway of Pb when they cross the BBB after birth. Compared to Pb and Hg, we found that the transport efficiency of Cd in the digestive system was lower, whereas the chelation of Cd by the placental barrier was better. This preliminary information may help researchers to explore the mechanism underlying the hazardous effects of heavy metal mixture exposure, or for regulatory agencies to revise guidelines for heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Du
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Kechu Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jinmei Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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5
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Michelsen-Correa S, Martin CF, Kirk AB. Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041975. [PMID: 33670707 PMCID: PMC7922990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Because of the lack of detail in the statistics it is not possible to do a rigorous meta-analysis. What stands out is that almost every study had subjects with seemingly large amounts of at least one of the metals. The significance of metals in meconium is not clear beyond an indication of exposure although some studies have correlated metals in meconium to a number of adverse outcomes. A number of outstanding questions have been identified that, if resolved, would greatly increase the utility of meconium analysis for assessment of long-term gestational metals exposures. Among these are questions of the developmental and long-term significance of metals detected in meconium, the kinetics and interactions among metals in maternal and fetal compartments and questions on best methods for meconium analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Michelsen-Correa
- AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow Hosted by EPA Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Washington, DC 20004, USA;
| | - Clyde F. Martin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea B. Kirk
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
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Vieira JVDA, Marques VB, Vieira LV, Crajoinas RDO, Shimizu MHM, Seguro AC, Carneiro MTWD, Girardi ACC, Vassallo DV, Dos Santos L. Changes in the renal function after acute mercuric chloride exposure in the rat are associated with renal vascular endothelial dysfunction and proximal tubule NHE3 inhibition. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:23-32. [PMID: 33476711 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure has been described by several reports, but the mechanisms of renal dysfunction remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that HgCl2 directly impairs renal vascular reactivity. Additionally, due to the mercury toxicity on the proximal tubule, we investigated whether the HgCl2-induced natriuresis is accompanied by inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-3 (NHE3). We found that 90-min HgCl2 infusion (6.5 μg/kg i.v.) remarkably increased urinary output, reduced GFR and renal blood flow, and increased vascular resistance in rats. "In vitro" experiments of HgCl2 infusion in isolated renal vascular bed demonstrated an elevation of perfusion pressure in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, associated with changes on the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and the flow-pressure relationship. Moreover, by employing "in vivo" stationary microperfusion of the proximal tubule, we found that HgCl2 inhibits NHE3 activity and increases the phosphorylation of NHE3 at serine 552 in the renal cortex, in line with the HgCl2-induced diuresis. Changes in renal proximal tubular function induced by HgCl2 were parallel to increased urinary markers of proximal tubular injury. Besides, atomic spectrometry showed that mercury accumulated in the renal cortex. We conclude that acute HgCl2 exposure causes renal vasoconstriction that is associated with reduced endothelial vasodilator agonist- and flow-mediated responses and inhibition of NHE3-mediated sodium reabsorption. Thus, our data suggest that HgCl2-induced acute renal failure may be attributable at least in part by its direct effects on renal hemodynamics and NHE3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiza Valli Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Department of Nephrology (LIM-12), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Su YQ, Zhao YJ, Zhang WJ, Chen GC, Qin H, Qiao DR, Chen YE, Cao Y. Removal of mercury(II), lead(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using Rhodobacter sphaeroides SC01. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125166. [PMID: 31756653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms and microbial products can be highly efficient in uptaking soluble and particulate forms of heavy metals, particularly from solutions. In this study, the removal efficiency, oxidative damage, antioxidant system, and the possible removal mechanisms were investigated in Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides SC01 under mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that SC01 had the highest removal rates (98%) of Pb among three heavy metals. Compared with Hg and Cd stress, Pb stress resulted in a lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. In contrast, the activities of four antioxidant enzymes in SC01 under Pb stress was higher than that of Hg and Cd stress. Furthermore, the analysis from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that complexation of Pb with hydroxyl, amid and phosphate groups was found in SC01 under Pb stress. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that precipitate of lead phosphate hydroxide was produced on the cell surface in SC01 exposed to Pb stress. Therefore, these results suggested that SC01 had good Pb removal ability by biosorption and precipitation and will be potentially useful for removal of Pb in industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Su
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yang-Juan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Chen
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Han Qin
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dai-Rong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Dórea JG. Environmental exposure to low-level lead (Pb) co-occurring with other neurotoxicants in early life and neurodevelopment of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108641. [PMID: 31421445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant that even at low levels influences brain development and affects neurobehavior later in life; nevertheless it is only a small fraction of the neurotoxicant (NT) exposome. Exposure to environmental Pb concurrent with other NT substances is often the norm, but their joint effects are challenging to study during early life. The aim of this review is to integrate studies of Pb-containing NT mixtures during the early life and neurodevelopment outcomes of children. The Pb-containing NT mixtures that have been most studied involve other metals (Mn, Al, Hg, Cd), metalloids (As), halogen (F), and organo-halogen pollutants. Co-occurring Pb-associated exposures during pregnancy and lactation depend on the environmental sources and the metabolism and half-life of the specific NT contaminant; but offspring neurobehavioral outcomes are also influenced by social stressors. Nevertheless, Pb-associated effects from prenatal exposure portend a continued burden on measurable neurodevelopment; they thus favor increased neurological health issues, decrements in neurobehavioral tests and reductions in the quality of life. Neurobehavioral test outcomes measured in the first 1000 days showed Pb-associated negative outcomes were frequently noticed in infants (<6 months). In older (preschool and school) children studies showed more variations in NT mixtures, children's age, and sensitivity and/or specificity of neurobehavioral tests; these variations and choice of statistical model (individual NT stressor or collective effect of mixture) may explain inconsistencies. Multiple exposures to NT mixtures in children diagnosed with 'autism spectrum disorders' (ASD) and 'attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders' (ADHD), strongly suggest a Pb-associated effect. Mixture potency (number or associated NT components and respective concentrations) and time (duration and developmental stage) of exposure often showed a measurable impact on neurodevelopment; however, net effects, reversibility and/or predictability of delays are insufficiently studied and need urgent attention. Nevertheless, neurodevelopment delays can be prevented and/or attenuated if public health policies are implemented to protect the unborn and the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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9
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Nepal MR, Kim GH, Cha DH, Jeong TC. Assessment of skin sensitizing potential of metals with β-galactosidase-expressing E. coli culture system. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:879-889. [PMID: 31507242 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1664958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been a challenge to develop in vitro alternative test methods for accurate prediction of metallic products which may exert skin sensitization, as several test methods adopted by OECD were relatively ineffective in assessing the capacity for metallic compounds to exert sensitizing reactions, compared with organic test substances. Based upon these findings, a system that incorporates β-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures was tested for its predictive capacity to well-known metallic sensitizers. In this system, E. coli cells were incubated with metal salts at various concentrations and β-galactosidase suppression by each test metal was determined. Fourteen local lymph node assay (LLNA) categorized metal salts were examined. Although color interference from metal salts was minimal, a fluorometric detection system was also employed using 4-methylumbelliferyl galactopyranoside as a substrate for β-galactosidase to avoid the color interference, concomitantly with the original UV-spectrometric method. Data demonstrated that two detection methods were comparable and complementary. In addition, most of the metallic sensitizers were correctly identified at 0.6 and 0.8 mM concentrations. Despite the lower specificity obtained in the current study and small number of substances tested, the developed method appears to be a relatively simple and effective in vitro method for detecting metallic sensitizers. When 61 chemicals tested in the β-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures including the present study were collectively analyzed, the prediction capacity was as high as other OECD-adopted tests: 95.6% of sensitivity, 66.7% of specificity, and 88.5% of accuracy. It is important to emphasize that animals or mammalian cell cultures were not required in the current method, which are in accordance with the EU guidelines on restricted or banned animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Geon Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
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