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Torres TB, Boiteux LS, Perdomo DN, Veloso JS, Fonseca MEDN, Fontenelle MR, Reis A. Causal agents of Stemphylium-induced foliar diseases of tomatoes and other Solanaceae hosts in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae038. [PMID: 38373804 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM An extensive survey was done to clarify the prevalent Stemphylium species on Solanaceae plants across Brazil, and their host ranges. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty nine (89) Stemphylium isolates were obtained from naturally infected tomatoes as well as S. paniculatum, potato, eggplant, scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum var. gilo), Physalis angulata, and Capsicum species. Phylogenetic analyses encompassing the ITS-5.8S rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genomic regions placed the isolates into two distinct groupings with either Stemphylium lycopersici or S. solani. Isolates of S. lycopersici (n = 81) were obtained infecting tomato, potato, eggplant, S. paniculatum, and P. angulata. Isolates of S. solani (n = 8) were detected in natural association with scarlet eggplant and tomato. Two isolates of S. lycopersici displayed a wide experimental host range in greenhouse bioassays, infecting accessions of 12 out of 18 species. Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) was the only experimental host outside the Solanaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bezerra Torres
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Silva Boiteux
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Vegetable Crops (Embrapa Hortaliças), National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Brasília-DF 70275-970, Brazil
| | - David Nataren Perdomo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Josiene Silva Veloso
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca
- Embrapa Vegetable Crops (Embrapa Hortaliças), National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Brasília-DF 70275-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle
- Embrapa Vegetable Crops (Embrapa Hortaliças), National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Brasília-DF 70275-970, Brazil
| | - Ailton Reis
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Vegetable Crops (Embrapa Hortaliças), National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Brasília-DF 70275-970, Brazil
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Qian N, Feng C, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Bhadauria V, Lu X, Zhao W. Two Species of Stemphylium, S. astragali and S. henanense sp. nov., Causing Leaf and Stem Spot Disease on Astragalus sinicus in China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:945-952. [PMID: 36469794 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0243-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus sinicus is a versatile legume crop, primarily utilized as a green manure in China. During 2020 and 2021, A. sinicus plants exhibiting dark brown or reddish-brown lesions or spots on leaves and stems were collected from fields in the Henan, Sichuan, and Guangxi provinces of China. Sixteen single-spore isolates were isolated from the infected leaf and stem tissue samples. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, and cmdA sequences indicated that 14 of them belong to Stemphylium astragali, whereas two isolates can be well separated from other known species in this genus. Based on the morphological characteristics and nucleotide polymorphisms with sister taxa, the two isolates were identified as a new species named S. henanense. Furthermore, pathogenicity assays showed that the S. astragali and S. henanense isolates caused leaf and stem spot symptoms on A. sinicus. Altogether, we describe a new species of Stemphylium (i.e., S. henanense sp. nov.) causing leaf spot disease of A. sinicus. In addition, this is the first report of S. astragali causing stem spot disease of A. sinicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Song C, Zhao L, Xu W, Li Z, Liu X, Zhang X. GTP Binding Protein Gtr1 Cooperating with ASF1 Regulates Asexual Development in Stemphylium eturmiunum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158355. [PMID: 35955500 PMCID: PMC9369126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gtr1 protein was a member of the RagA subfamily of the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily and involved in phosphate acquisition, ribosome biogenesis and epigenetic control of gene expression in yeast. However, Gtr1 regulation sexual or asexual development in filamentous fungi is barely accepted. In the study, SeGtr1, identified from Stemphylium eturmiunum, could manipulate mycelial growth, nuclear distribution of mycelium and the morphology of conidia in Segtr1 silenced strains compared with its overexpression transformants, while the sexual activity of Segtr1 silenced strains were unchanged. SeASF1, a H3/H4 chaperone, participated in nucleosome assembly/disassembly, DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Our experiments showed that deletion Seasf1 mutants produced the hyphal fusion and abnormal conidia. Notably, we characterized that Segtr1 was down-regulated in Se∆asf1 mutants and Seasf1 was also down-regulated in SiSegtr1 strains. We further confirmed that SeGtr1 interacted with SeASF1 or SeH4 in vivo and vitro, respectively. Thus, SeGtr1 can cooperate with SeASF1 to modulate asexual development in Stemphylium eturmiunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chunyan Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lili Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wenmeng Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.W.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Correspondence:
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Cong Z, Xinlong P, Kong BH, Yueqiu H, Jun M, Yongcui M, Keqiang C. First Report of Stemphylium eturmiunum Causing Leaf Spot and Black Spot on Apple in Zhaotong, Yunnan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:PDIS08211834PDN. [PMID: 34907802 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1834-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Cong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Pan Xinlong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - B H Kong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Zhaotong College, Zhaotong, Yunnan, 657000, China
| | - He Yueqiu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ma Jun
- Horticultural Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, China
| | - Ma Yongcui
- Zhaotong College, Zhaotong, Yunnan, 657000, China
| | - Cao Keqiang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 71001, China
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Chen J, Wei Y, Lv Z, Han Q, Zheng Y, Ma H, Wu J. First Report of Stemphylium lycopersici Causing Leaf Spot on Polygonatum kingianum in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:PDIS08211715PDN. [PMID: 34818911 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1715-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zejia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Qingli Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, College of Biodiversity Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, College of Biodiversity Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, College of Biodiversity Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Penner S, Sapir Y. Foliar Endophytic Fungi Inhabiting an Annual Grass Along an Aridity Gradient. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2080-2090. [PMID: 33765191 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutualistic fungi are known to increase plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. Therefore, it is expected that along aridity gradients the diversity and composition of symbiotic fungal community will be associated with climate. We examined the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi, inhabiting an annual grass, growing in three different climates (arid, Mediterranean, and wet Mediterranean) along the Israeli aridity gradient. Among the identified endophyte taxa, some were unique to each site, some were common to the two sites located in the extremes of the gradient, but none was common to all sites. Although most fungal endophyte taxa identified were not related to stress adaptation, we detected two that are considered to benefit plants by mitigating stress: Cladosporium and Trichoderma. Cladosporium is highly osmotolerant, frequently found in saline environments. Trichoderma is a biocontrol agent, frequently found in mesic environments. These findings support the hypothesis that species composition of foliar endophytic fungi is associated with stress adaptation of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Penner
- The Botanical Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yuval Sapir
- The Botanical Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ma LG, Geng Y. Determination of the reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization and expression levels of MAT genes under various conditions in Ulocladium. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10379. [PMID: 33282558 PMCID: PMC7690293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. One of the possible reasons for the lack of sexuality in Ulocladium species is the absence of the stimulus of environmental factors. Sexual reproduction in ascomycetes is controlled by a specific region in the genome referred to as mating-type locus (MAT) that consists of two dissimilar DNA sequences in the mating partners, termed MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs. To identify the response of MAT loci to environmental conditions, the mRNA transcription level of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes was tested using qRT-PCR under different temperatures (−20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C), culture medias (CM, OA, HAY, PCA, PDA and V8), photoperiods (24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, 10 h light/14 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark), and CO2 concentrations (0.03%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). For obtaining reliable results from qRT-PCR, the most stable internal control gene and optimal number of reference genes for normalization were determined under different treatments. The results showed that there is no universal internal control gene that is expressed at a constant level under different experimental treatments. In comparison to various incubation conditions, the relative expression levels of both MAT genes were significantly increased when fungal mycelia were grown on HAY culture media at 0–10 °C with a light/dark cycle, indicating that temperature, culture media, and light might be the key environmental factors for regulating the sexuality in Ulocladium. Moreover, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes showed similar expression patterns under different treatments, suggesting that the two MAT genes might play an equally important role in the sexual evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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8
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Phukhamsakda C, McKenzie EHC, Phillips AJL, Gareth Jones EB, Jayarama Bhat D, Stadler M, Bhunjun CS, Wanasinghe DN, Thongbai B, Camporesi E, Ertz D, Jayawardena RS, Perera RH, Ekanayake AH, Tibpromma S, Doilom M, Xu J, Hyde KD. Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Multi-locus phylogeny and pathogenicity of Stemphylium species associated with legumes in Australia. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Das A, Dutta S, Jash S, Barman AR, Das R, Kumar S, Gupta S. Current Knowledge on Pathogenicity and Management of Stemphylium botryosum in Lentils ( Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik). Pathogens 2019; 8:E225. [PMID: 31717347 PMCID: PMC6963855 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemphylium blight (SB) caused by Ascomycete, Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. has been a serious threat to lentil cultivation, mainly in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Canada since its first outbreak in Bangladesh in 1986. The genus Stemphylium Wallr., a dematiaceous hyphomycete, comprises up to 150 species, and is pathogenic on a wide range of plants infecting leguminous as well as nonleguminous crops. In recent years, studies indicated overlapping in morphological characters among the different species under the genus Stemphylium, making the identification and description of species difficult. This necessitates different molecular phylogenetic analysis in species delimitation. Therefore, a detailed understanding of spatial diversity and population structure of the pathogen is pertinent for producing source material for resistance breeding. The role of different weather variables as predisposing factors for the rapid spread of the pathogen necessitates devising a disease predictive model for the judicial application of fungicides. A dearth of information regarding spore biology, epidemiology, race diversity, host-pathogen interaction, and holistic disease management approach necessitates immediate attention towards more intensive research efforts. This is the first comprehensive review on the current state of knowledge and research efforts being made for a better understanding of the SB resistance through cognizing biology, ecology, and epidemiology of S. botryosum and effective disease management strategies to prevent widespread outbreaks of SB. The information regarding the biology and epidemiology of S. botryosum is also crucial for strengthening the "Integrated Disease Management" (IDM) programme. The need for a regional research network is advocated where the disease is becoming endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (A.D.); (S.D.); (S.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Subrata Dutta
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (A.D.); (S.D.); (S.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Subhendu Jash
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (A.D.); (S.D.); (S.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Ashis Roy Barman
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (A.D.); (S.D.); (S.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Raju Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (A.D.); (S.D.); (S.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat- Institutes, B.P. 6299 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on MULLaRP, ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
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Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J, Groenewald J, Cai L, Chen Q, Quaedvlieg W, Schumacher R, Taylor P, Ambers C, Bonthond G, Edwards J, Krueger-Hadfield S, Luangsa-ard J, Morton L, Moslemi A, Sandoval-Denis M, Tan Y, Thangavel R, Vaghefi N, Cheewangkoon R, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Stud Mycol 2019; 94:1-124. [PMID: 31636728 PMCID: PMC6797016 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names.
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Key Words
- Allophoma pterospermicola Q. Chen & L. Cai
- Alternaria aconidiophora Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria altcampina Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria chlamydosporifera Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria curvata Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria fimeti Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria inflata Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria lawrencei Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria montsantina Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria pobletensis Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Alternaria pseudoventricosa Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené
- Arezzomyces Y. Marín & Crous
- Arezzomyces cytisi (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Ascochyta chrysanthemi F. Stevens
- Brunneosphaerella roupeliae Crous
- DNA barcodes
- Elsinoe picconiae Crous
- Elsinoe veronicae Crous, Thangavel & Y. Marín
- Fungal systematics
- Globoramichloridium Y. Marín & Crous
- Globoramichloridium indicum (Subram.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Neosetophoma aseptata Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín
- Neosetophoma phragmitis Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín
- Neosetophoma sambuci Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín
- Neostagonospora sorghi Crous & Y. Marín
- New taxa
- Parastagonospora novozelandica Crous, Thangavel & Y. Marín
- Parastagonospora phragmitis Crous & Y. Marín
- Pestalotia unicornis Cooke & Ellis
- Phaeosphaeria phoenicicola (Crous & Thangavel) Y. Marín & Crous
- Phaeosphaeriopsis aloes Crous & Y. Marín
- Phaeosphaeriopsis aloicola Crous & Y. Marín
- Phaeosphaeriopsis grevilleae Crous & Y. Marín
- Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum Crous & Y. Marín
- Pleiocarpon livistonae Crous & Quaedvl.
- Pyrenophora avenicola Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora cynosuri Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora nisikadoi Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora novozelandica Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora poae (Baudyš) Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora pseudoerythrospila Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora sieglingiae Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyrenophora variabilis Hern.-Restr. & Y. Marín
- Pyrenophora wirreganensis (Wallwork et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Rhynchosphaeria cupressi Nattrass et al
- Seiridium cupressi (Nattrass et al.) Bonthond, Sandoval-Denis & Crous
- Seiridium pezizoides (de Not.) Crous
- Septoriella agrostina (Mapook et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella artemisiae (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella arundinicola (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella arundinis (W.J. Li et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella bromi (Wijayaw. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella dactylidicola Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella dactylidis (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella elongata (Wehm.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella forlicesenica (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella garethjonesii (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella germanica Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín
- Septoriella hibernica Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín
- Septoriella hollandica Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín
- Septoriella italica (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella muriformis (Ariyaw. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella neoarundinis Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella neodactylidis Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella pseudophragmitis Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín
- Septoriella rosae (Mapook et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella subcylindrospora (W.J. Li et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Septoriella vagans (Niessl) Y. Marín & Crous
- Setophoma brachypodii Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín
- Setophoma pseudosacchari Crous & Y. Marín
- Stemphylium rombundicum Moslemi, Y.P. Tan & P.W.J. Taylor
- Stemphylium truncatulae Moslemi, Y.P. Tan & P.W.J. Taylor
- Stemphylium waikerieanum Moslemi, Jacq. Edwards & P.W.J Taylor
- Vagicola arundinis Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Wingfieldomyces Y. Marín & Crous
- Wingfieldomyces cyperi (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Zasmidium ducassei (R.G. Shivas et al.) Y. Marín & Crous
- Zasmidium thailandicum Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - D. García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Royal Van Zanten, P.O. Box 265, 1430 AG, Aalsmeer, The Netherlands
| | | | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C. Ambers
- P.O. Box 631, Middleburg, VA, 20118, USA
| | - G. Bonthond
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Benthic Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstraße 2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - J. Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - S.A. Krueger-Hadfield
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH464, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J.J. Luangsa-ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team, Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, Bioscience and Biotechnology for Agriculture, NSTDA 113, Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - L. Morton
- P.O. Box 5607, Charlottesville, VA, 22905, USA
| | - A. Moslemi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, 4012, QLD, Australia
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand
| | - N. Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - R. Cheewangkoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Olsen KJK, Rossman A, Andersen B. Metabolite production by species of Stemphylium. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Franco MEE, López SMY, Medina R, Lucentini CG, Troncozo MI, Pastorino GN, Saparrat MCN, Balatti PA. The mitochondrial genome of the plant-pathogenic fungus Stemphylium lycopersici uncovers a dynamic structure due to repetitive and mobile elements. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185545. [PMID: 28972995 PMCID: PMC5626475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemphylium lycopersici (Pleosporales) is a plant-pathogenic fungus that has been associated with a broad range of plant-hosts worldwide. It is one of the causative agents of gray leaf spot disease in tomato and pepper. The aim of this work was to characterize the mitochondrial genome of S. lycopersici CIDEFI-216, to use it to trace taxonomic relationships with other fungal taxa and to get insights into the evolutionary history of this phytopathogen. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled into a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of 75,911 bp that harbors a set of 37 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes (rns and rnl) and 28 tRNA genes, which are transcribed from both sense and antisense strands. Remarkably, its gene repertoire lacks both atp8 and atp9, contains a free-standing gene for the ribosomal protein S3 (rps3) and includes 13 genes with homing endonuclease domains that are mostly located within its 15 group I introns. Strikingly, subunits 1 and 2 of cytochrome oxidase are encoded by a single continuous open reading frame (ORF). A comparative mitogenomic analysis revealed the large extent of structural rearrangements among representatives of Pleosporales, showing the plasticity of their mitochondrial genomes. Finally, an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis of the subphylum Pezizomycotina based on mitochondrial data reconstructed their relationships in concordance with several studies based on nuclear data. This is the first report of a mitochondrial genome belonging to a representative of the family Pleosporaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Emilio Ernesto Franco
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Marianela Yanil López
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocio Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César Gustavo Lucentini
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Inés Troncozo
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Noemí Pastorino
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Alberto Balatti
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In 2007 a new Stemphylium leaf spot disease of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) spread through the Netherlands. Attempts to identify this destructive Stemphylium sp. in sugar beet led to a phylogenetic revision of the genus. The name Stemphylium has been recommended for use over that of its sexual morph, Pleospora, which is polyphyletic. Stemphylium forms a well-defined monophyletic genus in the Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes), but lacks an up-to-date phylogeny. To address this issue, the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nr DNA (ITS) of all available Stemphylium and Pleospora isolates from the CBS culture collection of the Westerdijk Institute (N = 418), and from 23 freshly collected isolates obtained from sugar beet and related hosts, were sequenced to construct an overview phylogeny (N = 350). Based on their phylogenetic informativeness, parts of the protein-coding genes calmodulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were also sequenced for a subset of isolates (N = 149). This resulted in a multi-gene phylogeny of the genus Stemphylium containing 28 species-clades, of which five were found to represent new species. The majority of the sugar beet isolates, including isolates from the Netherlands, Germany and the UK, clustered together in a species clade for which the name S. beticola was recently proposed. Morphological studies were performed to describe the new species. Twenty-two names were reduced to synonymy, and two new combinations proposed. Three epitypes, one lectotype and two neotypes were also designated in order to create a uniform taxonomy for Stemphylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H C Woudenberg
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Hanse
- IRS, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - G C M van Leeuwen
- National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO-NL), P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Al-Amri K, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Shihi A, Nasehi A, Al-Mahmooli I, Deadman ML. Population structure of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot of tomato in a single field. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1642. [PMID: 27722060 PMCID: PMC5033791 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stemphylium lycopersici is an important pathogen causing leaf spot of tomatoes worldwide. Although much information is available about the pathogen, little is known about dynamics of S. lycopersici in tomato fields. Seventy-nine symptomatic leaf samples were collected from two tomato cultivars grown in a farm (Miral and Inbred line). Fungal species associated with the disease were isolated on potato dextrose agar. Seventy-nine isolates were obtained and identified as S. lycopersici based on sequence analysis of combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regions. The 79 isolates were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis using three primer combinations. The Stemphylium lycopersici population from the two cultivars was found to have a very low level of genetic diversity (H = 0.0948). Cluster analysis showed intermixing of isolates from the two cultivars. In addition, analysis of molecular variance showed the presence of a very low level of genetic differentiation between populations obtained from the two cultivars (Fst = 0.0206). These findings indicate the presence of a high rate of gene flow between the two populations and may suggest that the two populations originated from the same inoculum source. The implications of these findings on the management of Stemphylium-induced leaf spot of tomatoes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Al-Amri
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Adel Al-Shihi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abbas Nasehi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mike L. Deadman
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
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16
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Draft Genome Sequence and Gene Annotation of Stemphylium lycopersici Strain CIDEFI-216. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01069-15. [PMID: 26404600 PMCID: PMC4582576 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01069-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stemphylium lycopersici is a plant-pathogenic fungus that is widely distributed throughout the world. In tomatoes, it is one of the etiological agents of gray leaf spot disease. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of S. lycopersici, including its gene structure and functional annotation.
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Liu Y, Wray V, Abdel-Aziz MS, Wang CY, Lai D, Proksch P. Trimeric anthracenes from the endophytic fungus Stemphylium globuliferum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1734-1738. [PMID: 25010124 DOI: 10.1021/np500113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first naturally occurring trimeric anthracene derivatives, stemphylanthranols A and B (1 and 2), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Stemphylium globuliferum that had been isolated from Juncus actus growing in Egypt. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and by HRMS. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for the new trimers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University , Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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18
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Koike ST, O'Neill N, Wolf J, Van Berkum P, Daugovish O. Stemphylium Leaf Spot of Parsley in California Caused by Stemphylium vesicarium. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:315-322. [PMID: 30722397 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-12-0611-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From 2009 through 2011, a previously undescribed disease occurred on commercial parsley in coastal (Ventura County) California. Symptoms of the disease consisted of circular to oval, tan to brown leaf spots and resulted in loss of crop quality and, hence, reduced yields. A fungus was consistently isolated from symptomatic parsley. Morphological and molecular data identified the fungus as Stemphylium vesicarium. When inoculated onto parsley leaves, the isolates caused symptoms that were identical to those seen in the field; the same fungus was recovered from test plants, thus completing Koch's postulates. Additional inoculation experiments demonstrated that 10 of 11 tested flat leaf and curly parsley cultivars were susceptible. The parsley isolates also caused small leaf spots on other Apiaceae family plants (carrot and celery) but not on leek, onion, spinach, and tomato. Isolates caused brown lesions to form when inoculated onto pear fruit but only when the fruit tissue was wounded. Using a freeze-blotter seedborne pathogen assay, parsley seed was found to have a low incidence (0.25%) of S. vesicarium. When inoculated onto parsley leaves, three of four isolates from seed caused the same leaf spot disease. This is the first documentation of a foliar parsley disease caused by S. vesicarium. The occurrence of S. vesicarium on parsley seed indicates that infested seed may be one source of initial inoculum. Based on the negative results in the host range experiments, it appears that this parsley pathogen differs from the S. vesicarium that causes disease on leek, garlic, onion, and pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Koike
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas 93901
| | - Nichole O'Neill
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Systematic Mycology and Microbiology
| | - Julie Wolf
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Systematic Mycology and Microbiology
| | - Peter Van Berkum
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Oleg Daugovish
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Ventura 93003
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Gilbert GS, Parker IM. Rapid evolution in a plant-pathogen interaction and the consequences for introduced host species. Evol Appl 2010; 3:144-56. [PMID: 25567915 PMCID: PMC3352484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species introduced into new regions can both leave behind co-evolved pathogens and acquire new ones. Traits important to infection and virulence are subject to rapid evolutionary change in both plant and pathogen. Using Stemphylium solani, a native foliar necrotroph on clovers (Trifolium and Medicago) in California, USA, we explore how plant-fungal interactions may change in an invasion context. After four generations of experimental serial passage through multiple hosts, Stemphylium consistently showed increased infection rates but no consistent change in damage to the host. In a historical opportunity study, we compared infection and virulence across four groups of clover hosts: California natives, European clovers not found in California, and both California and European genotypes of species naturalized in California. There was significant variation among hosts, but no pattern across the four groups. However, in direct comparisons of familiar California genotypes to unfamiliar European genotypes of the same naturalized species, Stemphylium consistently infected familiar hosts more frequently, while causing less damage on them. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive evolution in both the pathogen (ability to infect) and the host (tolerance of infection). Together these results suggest the potential for rapid evolution to alter interactions between plant invaders and their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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20
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Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Ulocladium from Southern China. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cai L, Jeewon R, Hyde KD. Phylogenetic investigations of Sordariaceae based on multiple gene sequences and morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:137-50. [PMID: 16378718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family Sordariaceae incorporates a number of fungi that are excellent model organisms for various biological, biochemical, ecological, genetic and evolutionary studies. To determine the evolutionary relationships within this group and their respective phylogenetic placements, multiple-gene sequences (partial nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA, nuclear ITS ribosomal DNA and partial nuclear beta-tubulin) were analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Analyses of different gene datasets were performed individually and then combined to generate phylogenies. We report that Sordariaceae, with the exclusion Apodus and Diplogelasinospora, is a monophyletic group. Apodus and Diplogelasinospora are related to Lasiosphaeriaceae. Multiple gene analyses suggest that the spore sheath is not a phylogenetically significant character to segregate Asordaria from Sordaria. Smooth-spored Sordaria species (including so-called Asordaria species) constitute a natural group. Asordaria is therefore congeneric with Sordaria. Anixiella species nested among Gelasinospora species, providing further evidence that non-ostiolate ascomata have evolved from ostiolate ascomata on several independent occasions. This study agrees with previous studies that show heterothallic Neurospora species to be monophyletic, but that homothallic ones may have a multiple origins. Although Gelasinospora and Neurospora are closely related and not resolved as monophyletic groups, there is insufficient evidence to place currently accepted Gelasinospora and Neurospora species into the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Summerfield TC, Eaton-Rye JJ. Pseudocyphellaria crocata, P. neglecta and P. perpetua from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are a phylogenetic species and share cyanobionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 170:597-607. [PMID: 16626479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocyphellaria crocata, P. neglecta and P. perpetua specimens were examined to investigate links between genetic variation and morphology, geographical distribution and cyanobiont specificity. Fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin and cyanobacterial tRNA(Leu) (UAA) intron sequences were used to investigate symbiont diversity in these lichens. Specimens were morphologically distinct but could not be distinguished by ITS sequences. Phylogenetic analyses split the P. crocata specimens into two clades, the larger of which contained P. neglecta and P. perpetua. Five cyanobionts were identified; two of these were in a number of specimens, while three were each restricted to a single lichen thallus. Fungus-specific molecular markers indicated that all specimens belonged to a single phylogenetic species. However, this may contain a cryptic species. Geography was linked to genetic diversity with Canadian specimens forming a monophyletic group, and most Southern Hemisphere specimens grouping together, although Chile represented a hot spot of genetic diversity. There was no connection between fungal genetic diversity and cyanobiont choice, consistent with the presence of a common pool of cyanobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C Summerfield
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Inderbitzin P, Harkness J, Turgeon BG, Berbee ML. Lateral transfer of mating system in Stemphylium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11390-5. [PMID: 16055562 PMCID: PMC1183548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501918102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Stemphylium (Ascomycota) contains selfing species that evolved from outcrossing ancestors. To find out how selfing originated, we analyzed the Stemphylium MAT loci that regulate sexual reproduction in ascomycetes and compared MAT structures and phylogeny with a multigene Stemphylium species phylogeny. We found that some Stemphylium species' MAT loci contained a single gene, either MAT1-1 or MAT1-2, whereas others contained a unique fusion of the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 regions. In all fused MAT regions, MAT1-1 was inverted and joined to a forward-oriented MAT1-2 region. As in the closely related Cochliobolus, Stemphylium species with fused MAT regions were able to self. Structural and phylogenetic analyses of the MAT loci showed that the selfing-conferring fused MAT regions were monophyletic with strong support. However, in an organismal phylogeny of Stemphylium species based on 106 isolates and four loci unrelated to mating, selfing arose in two clades, each time with strong support. Isolates with identical fused MAT regions were present in both clades. We showed that a one-time origin of the fused MAT loci, followed by a horizontal transfer across lineages, was compatible with the data. Another group of selfers in Stemphylium only had forward-oriented MAT1-1 at their MAT loci, constituting an additional and third origin of selfing in Stemphylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Inderbitzin
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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Den Bakker HC, Zuccarello GC, Kuyper TW, Noordeloos ME. Evolution and host specificity in the ectomycorrhizal genus Leccinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 163:201-215. [PMID: 33873790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Leccinum are generally considered to be host specialists. We determined the phylogenetic relationships between species of Leccinum from Europe and North America based on second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh). • We plotted host associations onto the phylogenies using maximum likelihood and parsimony approaches. • Resolution of the phylogeny was greater with Gapdh vs ITS2, plus the Gapdh and ITS phylogenies were highly incongruent. In Leccinum the coding region of Gapdh evolved clocklike, allowing the application of a molecular clock for the reconstruction of host specificity. Almost all species of Leccinum are highly host tree specific, except Leccinum aurantiacum, which associates with a broad range of host trees. Maximum likelihood reconstructions of the ancestral host associations show that this taxon evolved from a specialist. • Our results indicate episodes of rapid speciation coinciding with or immediately following host switches. We propose a model where host niche contraction through geographic isolation and host niche expansion through ecologically equivalent hosts drive cycles of speciation. The role of host race formation and incipient speciation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk C Den Bakker
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G C Zuccarello
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Th W Kuyper
- Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Subdepartment of Soil Quality, PO Box 8005, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M E Noordeloos
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bradley DJ, Gilbert GS, Parker IM. Susceptibility of clover species to fungal infection: the interaction of leaf surface traits and environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2003; 90:857-864. [PMID: 21659180 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.6.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many foliar pathogens require free water to germinate; therefore, disease pressure should favor plants that are able to repel water. For a suite of 18 sympatric clover species (Trifolium and Medicago, Fabaceae), we evaluated leaf traits affecting leaf wetness and susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium sp., causal agent of Stemphylium leaf spot. Spore germination increased with time in free water, and the relative susceptibility of host plants to infection was proportional to the duration of water retention on leaves. Larger leaves captured more water and retained it longer. Unexpectedly, trichomes and leaf wettability did not affect water capture. For clovers planted within natural clover populations at two sites, infection was threefold greater at the wetter site. At the drier site, water retention on the leaf surface was an important predictor of infection rates across host species, but persistent fog and dew at the wetter site reduced the importance of rapid leaf drying. Our results suggest that plant adaptations that reduce water retention on leaves may also reduce disease incidence, but the selective advantage of these traits will vary among habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Bradley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
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Kendrick B. Analysis of morphogenesis in hyphomycetes: new characters derived from considering some conidiophores and conidia as condensed hyphal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1139/b03-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyphomycetes (ascomycetous and basidiomycetous anamorphs) comprise numerous genera and species that have been difficult to place in fungal phylogeny. In this commentary, autobiographical notes preface a new analysis of reproductive structures in many hyphomycetes. This adopts the premise that many of the more complex examples of conidiophores and conidia represent condensed hyphal systems. Many new and potentially useful taxonomic characters are described, which are particularly applicable to computer-based synoptic keys or databases, but should also be considered by those describing new taxa or redescribing existing ones.Key words: moulds, taxonomy, conidia, conidiophores, morphogenesis, branching.
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