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Chen W, Wang L, Ruan Z, Lou H, Jiang B. Translate Pharmacokinetics of PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibodies from Cynomolgus Monkey to Human: Comparison of Different Approaches. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2915-2921. [PMID: 38986869 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies blocking programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its natural ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been proved to be promising strategies in recent years. Hundreds of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies are under development worldwide. Prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) in the preclinical stage is critical for designing dosing regimens in first-in-human studies. This study aims to predict the PK of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in human by scaling of monkey data. A systematic literature search of published articles on the PK of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in cynomolgus monkey and in human was conducted. Allometric scaling (AS), the species time-invariant (STIV) method, as well as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling were investigated. Six antibodies (avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and zimberelimab) were included for investigation. The exponents used in this study were 0.85 and 1 for clearance (CL) and distribution volume (V), respectively, both for AS and STIV methods. The generic PBPK model for macromolecules in PK-Sim was used without further modifications. The dissociation constant of the antibody for binding to FcRn (KD) in endosome space for human was assumed to be two-fold of that for monkey. Predicted human CLs for the majority of drugs were within the observed range, while Vs were not well predicted using the AS method. The STIV method and the generic PBPK model can be employed to translate concentration-time curves of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies from cynomolgus monkey to human with comparable efficacy. The results of this study provide reference for the early development of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Zhang B, Song Y, Luo S, Yin X, Li E, Wang H, He Y, Liu Z, Fan Q, Liang X, Shu Y, Liu Y, Xu N, Zhang S, Zhuang Z, Zhang J, Kou X, Wang F, Zhu X, Zeng S, Wang K, Zhong H, Li S, Bai Y, Yu J, Dou Y, Ma T, Liu Q, Huang J. Pucotenlimab in patients with advanced mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high solid tumors: A multicenter phase 2 study. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101301. [PMID: 38016482 PMCID: PMC10772321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a multicenter, phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy of pucotenlimab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, in patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, and potential biomarkers for response. Overall, 100 patients with previously treated, advanced solid tumors centrally confirmed as dMMR or MSI-H received pucotenlimab at 200 mg every 3 weeks. The most common cancer type is colorectal cancer (n = 71). With a median follow-up of 22.5 months, the objective response rate is 49.0% (95% confidence interval 38.86%-59.20%) as assessed by the independent review committee, while the median progression-free survival and overall survival have not been reached. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 18 patients. For the biomarker analysis, responders are enriched in patients with mutations in the KMT2D gene. Pucotenlimab is an effective treatment option for previously treated advanced dMMR/MSI-H solid tumors, and the predictive value of KMT2D mutation warrants further research. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03704246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xianli Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300122, China
| | - Yifu He
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450099, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110801, China
| | - Xiaoge Kou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 516473, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Haijun Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengmian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Yiwei Dou
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Taiyang Ma
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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3
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Delcanale P, Alampi MM, Mussini A, Fumarola C, Galetti M, Petronini PG, Viappiani C, Bruno S, Abbruzzetti S. A Photoactive Supramolecular Complex Targeting PD-L1 Reveals a Weak Correlation between Photoactivation Efficiency and Receptor Expression Levels in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2776. [PMID: 38140116 PMCID: PMC10747218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-immunotherapy uses antibodies conjugated to photosensitizers to produce nanostructured constructs endowed with targeting properties and photo-inactivation capabilities towards tumor cells. The superficial receptor density on cancer cells is considered a determining factor for the efficacy of the photodynamic treatment. In this work, we propose the use of a photoactive conjugate that consists of the clinical grade PD-L1-binding monoclonal antibody Atezolizumab, covalently linked to either the well-known photosensitizer eosin or the fluorescent probe Alexa647. Using single-molecule localization microscopy (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, dSTORM), and an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody labelled with Alexa647, we quantified the density of PD-L1 receptors exposed on the cell surface in two human non-small-cell lung cancer lines (H322 and A549) expressing PD-L1 to a different level. We then investigated if this value correlates with the effectiveness of the photodynamic treatment. The photodynamic treatment of H322 and A549 with the photo-immunoconjugate demonstrated its potential for PDT treatments, but the efficacy did not correlate with the PD-L1 expression levels. Our results provide additional evidence that receptor density does not determine a priori the level of photo-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (M.M.A.); (A.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Manuela Maria Alampi
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (M.M.A.); (A.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Mussini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (M.M.A.); (A.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL-Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, 00078 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Petronini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (M.M.A.); (A.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.D.); (M.M.A.); (A.M.); (C.V.)
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Claps F, Pavan N, Ongaro L, Tierno D, Grassi G, Trombetta C, Tulone G, Simonato A, Bartoletti R, Mertens LS, van Rhijn BWG, Mir MC, Scaggiante B. BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Treatment Landscape and Novel Emerging Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12596. [PMID: 37628785 PMCID: PMC10454200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the sixth most common cancer in Western countries, includes upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder carcinoma (BC) as the most common cancers among UCs (90-95%). BC is the most common cancer and can be a highly heterogeneous disease, including both non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive (MIBC) forms with different oncologic outcomes. Approximately 80% of new BC diagnoses are classified as NMIBC after the initial transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBt). In this setting, intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the current standard treatment for intermediate- and high-risk patients. Unfortunately, recurrence occurs in 30% to 40% of patients despite adequate BCG treatment. Radical cystectomy (RC) is currently considered the standard treatment for NMIBC that does not respond to BCG. However, RC is a complex surgical procedure with a recognized high perioperative morbidity that is dependent on the patient, disease behaviors, and surgical factors and is associated with a significant impact on quality of life. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for alternative bladder-preserving treatments for patients who desire a bladder-sparing approach or are too frail for major surgery. In this review, we aim to present the strategies in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, focusing on novel molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Claps
- Urological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.C.); (L.O.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.M.); (B.W.G.v.R.)
| | - Nicola Pavan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.P.); (G.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Luca Ongaro
- Urological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.C.); (L.O.); (C.T.)
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Carlo Trombetta
- Urological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.C.); (L.O.); (C.T.)
| | - Gabriele Tulone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.P.); (G.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Alchiede Simonato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.P.); (G.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Riccardo Bartoletti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura S. Mertens
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.M.); (B.W.G.v.R.)
| | - Bas W. G. van Rhijn
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.M.); (B.W.G.v.R.)
| | - Maria Carmen Mir
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Ribera, 46600 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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5
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Kumari R, Feuer G, Bourré L. Humanized Mouse Models for Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e852. [PMID: 37552031 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cancer treatment with immunotherapeutics have provided long-term patient benefits for many different types of cancer. However, complete response is not achieved in many patients and tumor types, and the mechanisms underlying this lack of response are poorly understood. Despite this, numerous new targets, therapeutics, and drug combinations are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Preclinical models that recapitulate the complex human tumor microenvironment and the interplay between tumor and immune cells within the cancer-immunity cycle are needed to improve our understanding and screen new therapeutics for efficacy and safety/toxicity. Humanized mice, encompassing human tumors and human immune cells engrafted on immunodeficient mice, have been widely used for many years in immuno-oncology, with developments to improve both the humanization and the translational value central to the next generation of models. In this overview, we discuss recent advances in humanized models relevant to immuno-oncology drug discovery, the advantages and limitations of such models, the application of humanized models for efficacy and safety assessments of immunotherapeutics, and the potential opportunities. © 2023 Crown Bioscience. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerold Feuer
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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6
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Marupuru S, Arku D, Axon DR, Villa-Zapata L, Yaghoubi M, Slack MK, Warholak T. Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab-chemotherapy as first-line therapy for locally advanced/metastatic gastric cancer: a United States payer perspective. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:831-841. [PMID: 37243493 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2219448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, was approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug administration as a first-line systemic therapy for locally advanced/metastatic gastric cancer patients. The current study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab-chemotherapy combination versus chemotherapy alone as a first-line therapy from a US payer perspective. METHODS An economic evaluation was conducted using a partitioned survival model in Microsoft Excel® using data from the CheckMate 649 trial. Three discrete mutually exclusive health states (progression-free, post-progression, and death) were included in the model. The health state occupancy was calculated using the overall survival and progression-free survival curves derived from the CheckMate 649 trial. Cost, resource use, and health utility estimates were estimated from a US payer perspective. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed the uncertainty of the model parameters. RESULTS Nivolumab-chemotherapy provided additional 0.25 life years compared to chemotherapy alone and the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 0.701 and 0.561, respectively, producing a gain of 0.140 QALYs and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $574,072/QALY. CONCLUSION From the US payer perspective, at a willingness to pay threshold of $US150,000/QALY, nivolumab-chemotherapy was not found to be cost-effective as a first-line therapy for locally advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujitha Marupuru
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Arku
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David R Axon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lorenzo Villa-Zapata
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marion K Slack
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Terri Warholak
- St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, Pharmacy Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Bosenberg M, Liu ET, Yu CI, Palucka K. Mouse models for immuno-oncology. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00041-9. [PMID: 37087398 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the clinical promise of cancer immunotherapy is hindered by gaps in our knowledge of in vivo mechanisms underlying treatment response as well as treatment limiting toxicity. Preclinical in vivo model systems and technologies are required to address these knowledge gaps and to surmount the challenges faced in the clinical application of immunotherapy. Mice are commonly used for basic and translational research to support development and testing of immune interventions, including for cancer. Here, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of current models as well as future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
| | - Chun I Yu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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8
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Ke H, Zhang F, Wang J, Xiong L, An X, Tu X, Chen C, Wang Y, Mao B, Guo S, Ju C, He X, Sun R, Zhang L, O'Connor OA, Li QX. HX009, a novel BsAb dual targeting PD1 x CD47, demonstrates potent anti-lymphoma activity in preclinical models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5419. [PMID: 37012357 PMCID: PMC10070465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both PD1/PD-L1 and CD47 blockades have demonstrated limited activity in most subtypes of NHL save NK/T-cell lymphoma. The hemotoxicity with anti-CD47 agents in the clinic has been speculated to account for their limitations. Herein we describe a first-in-class and rationally designed bispecific antibody (BsAb), HX009, targeting PD1 and CD47 but with weakened CD47 binding, which selectively hones the BsAb for tumor microenvironment through PD1 interaction, potentially reducing toxicity. In vitro characterization confirmed: (1) Both receptor binding/ligand blockade, with lowered CD47 affinity; (2) functional PD1/CD47 blockades by reporter assays; (3) T-cell activation in Staphylococcal-enterotoxin-B-pretreated PBMC and mixed-lymphocyte-reaction. In vivo modeling demonstrated antitumor activity in Raji-B and Karpass-229-T xenograft lymphomas. In the humanized mouse syngeneic A20 B-lymphoma (huCD47-A20) HuGEMM model, which has quadruple knocked-in hPD1xhPD-L1xhCD47xhSIRPα genes and an intact autologous immune-system, a contribution of effect is demonstrated for each targeted biologic (HX008 targeting PD1 and SIRPα-Fc targeting CD47), which is clearly augmented by the dual targeting with HX009. Lastly, the expression of the immune-checkpoints PD-L1/L2 and CD47 seemed co-regulated among a panel of lymphoma-derived-xenografts, where HX009 maybe more effective in those with upregulated CD47. Our data warrants HX009's further clinical development for treating NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ke
- Hanx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu An
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | | | - Cen Chen
- Hanx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | | | - Xiangfei He
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (SMOC), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (SMOC), Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hanx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Qi-Xiang Li
- Hanx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Cui C, Chen Y, Luo Z, Zou Z, Jiang Y, Pan H, Fan Q, Zhao J, Xu Q, Jiang R, Wang X, Ma T, Guo Z, Si L, Chi Z, Sheng X, Dou Y, Tan Q, Wu D, Guo J. Safety and efficacy of Pucotenlimab (HX008) - a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma: a single-arm, multicenter, phase II study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 36747118 PMCID: PMC9901108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pucotenlimab is a novel recombinant humanized anti-PD-1 (Programmed death-1) monoclonal antibody, which belongs to the human IgG4/kappa subtype, and can selectively block the binding of PD-1 with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. METHODS In this phase 2 trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma who had failed conventional treatment (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, interferon, IL-2, et al.) were recruited. The patients were administrated with Pucotenlimab of 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or treatment discontinuation for any other reasons. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. RESULTS One-hundred and nineteen patients were enrolled and followed up for 19.32 (ranging from 15.901 to 24.608) months by the cutoff date of July 30th, 2021. The ORR was 20.17% (24/119, 95% CI, 13.370%-28.506%) based on both independent review committee (IRC) and the investigator's assessment per RECIST v1.1. The median PFS were 2.89 (95% CI, 2.037-4.074) months and 2.46 (95% CI, 2.004-4.008) months based on IRC and investigator's assessment, respectively, per RECIST v1.1. The median OS was 16.59 (95% CI, 13.963-26.973) months. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 77.3% (92/119) of the patients. The incidence of Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs was 15.1% (18/119). In addition, none of the patients died because of TRAEs. As for biomarker analysis, Eotaxin (CCL11) and MCP-1 (CCL2) were related to treatment response, while TNF-α and VEGF were related to treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS Pucotenlimab as a ≥ 2nd line therapy showed promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity for patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04749485 (registered retrospectively on 11/02/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Cui
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.415110.00000 0004 0605 1140Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDrum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jiang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyang Ma
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd. (A Member of Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd.), Taizhou, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Si
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Dou
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd. (A Member of Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd.), Taizhou, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd. (A Member of Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd.), Taizhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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10
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Wu YX, Zhou XY, Wang JQ, Chen GM, Chen JX, Wang RC, Huang JQ, Chen JS. Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:101-115. [PMID: 36597704 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. With the development of immunotherapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer has improved. At present, ICIs combined with other therapies or dual ICI strategies in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer have shown clinical effectiveness and controllable safety. In addition, predictive biomarkers facilitate the precise selection of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to explore rational combinations and reliable predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy. This article reviews the recent advances in ICIs and relevant predictive biomarkers in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jian-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Gao-Min Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jin-Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rong-Chang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiong-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing-Song Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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11
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Kaplon H, Crescioli S, Chenoweth A, Visweswaraiah J, Reichert JM. Antibodies to watch in 2023. MAbs 2023; 15:2153410. [PMID: 36472472 PMCID: PMC9728470 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2153410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this 14th installment of the annual Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in commercial monoclonal antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2022 and forecast events that might occur in 2023. As of mid-November, 12 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the United States or European Union (tebentafusp (Kimmtrak), faricimab (Vabysmo), sutimlimab (Enjaymo), relatlimab (Opdualag), tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld), mosunetuzumab (Lunsumio), teclistamab (TECVAYLI), spesolimab (SPEVIGO), tremelimumab (Imjudo; combo with durvalumab), nirsevimab (Beyfortus), mirvetuximab soravtansine (ELAHERE™), and teplizumab (TZIELD)), including 4 bispecific antibodies and 1 ADC. Based on FDA action dates, several additional product candidates could be approved by the end of 2022. An additional seven were first approved in China or Japan in 2022, including two bispecific antibodies (cadonilimab and ozoralizumab). Globally, at least 24 investigational antibody therapeutics are undergoing review by regulatory agencies as of mid-November 2022. Our data show that, with antibodies for COVID-19 excluded, the late-stage commercial clinical pipeline grew by ~20% in the past year to include nearly 140 investigational antibody therapeutics that were designed using a wide variety of formats and engineering techniques. Of those in late-stage development, marketing application submissions for at least 23 may occur by the end of 2023, of which 5 are bispecific (odronextamab, erfonrilimab, linvoseltamab, zanidatamab, and talquetamab) and 2 are ADCs (datopotamab deruxtecan, and tusamitamab ravtansine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Kaplon
- Translational Medicine Department, Institut de Recherches Internationales ServierSuresnes, France
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, LondonUK
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, LondonUK
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12
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Salehi S, Ghaderi H, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Shoari A, Hassanzadeh Eskafi A, Sabouri A, Hosseininejad-Chafi M, Ashja Ardalan A, Ramezani B, Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Behdani M. Tumor Suppression by PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction Blockage in Mice Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e132329. [PMID: 36896323 PMCID: PMC9990516 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and subsequent interaction with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in tumor-infiltrating T cells cause an immune evasion of the tumor from cytotoxic T-cells. Therefore, inhibiting such interaction by a recombinant PD-1 can hinder tumor growth and extend the survival rate. Methods The mouse extracellular domain of PD-1 (mPD-1) was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain and purified using nickel affinity chromatography. The binding ability of the purified protein to human PD-L1 was studied using ELISA. Finally, the tumor-bearing mice were used to evaluate the potential antitumor effect. Results The recombinant mPD-1 showed a significant binding capacity to human PD-L1 at the molecular level. The tumor size significantly decreased in the tumor-bearing mice after the intra-tumoral injections of mPD-1. Moreover, the survival rate increased significantly after eight weeks of monitoring. The histopathology revealed the necrosis in the tumor tissue of the control group compared to the mPD-1 received mice. Conclusions Our outcomes propose that interaction blockade between PD-1 and PD-L1 is a promising approach for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Salehi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Shoari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayda Hassanzadeh Eskafi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sabouri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseininejad-Chafi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Ashja Ardalan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Ramezani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Pucotenlimab: First Approval. Drugs 2022; 82:1557-1564. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. IMGT ® Nomenclature of Engineered IGHG Variants Involved in Antibody Effector Properties and Formats. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:65. [PMID: 36278618 PMCID: PMC9624366 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant region of the immunoglobulin (IG) or antibody heavy gamma chain is frequently engineered to modify the effector properties of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. These variants are classified in regards to their effects on effector functions, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADCP), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) enhancement or reduction, B cell inhibition by the coengagement of antigen and FcγR on the same cell, on half-life increase, and/or on structure such as prevention of IgG4 half-IG exchange, hexamerisation, knobs-into-holes and the heteropairing H-H of bispecific antibodies, absence of disulfide bridge inter H-L, absence of glycosylation site, and site-specific drug attachment engineered cysteine. The IMGT engineered variant identifier is comprised of the species and gene name (and eventually allele), the letter 'v' followed by a number (assigned chronologically), and for each concerned domain (e.g, CH1, h, CH2 and CH3), the novel AA (single letter abbreviation) and IMGT position according to the IMGT unique numbering for the C-domain and between parentheses, the Eu numbering. IMGT engineered variants are described with detailed amino acid changes, visualized in motifs based on the IMGT numbering bridging genes, sequences, and structures for higher order description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
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15
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Cao J, Wang B, Zhang J, Tao Z, Wang L, Hu X. Phase 1b clinical trial of pucotenlimab (HX008), a novel anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837963. [PMID: 35982961 PMCID: PMC9379318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPucotenlimab, also called HX008, is a humanized anti-PD-1 antagonist IgG4 mAb. It blocks programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2). In the CBCSG 006 trial, gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) has shown impressive antitumor activity as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). The phase 1b study was conducted to assess the safety and preliminary antitumor activity of pucotenlimab when combined with GP in patients with mTNBC in the first-line setting.MethodsEligible patients with mTNBC with ≥6 months of DFI (disease-free interval) who have never received antitumor therapy for metastatic disease were screened. Participants received pucotenlimab at 3 mg/kg (d1, q3w) plus gemcitabine at 1,250 mg/m2 (d1, 8, q3w) and cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 (d1, q3w). Eligible patients received up to six cycles of pucotenlimab along with GP chemotherapy, while pucotenlimab could be maintained until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred or withdrawal of informed consent. This study was registered in China under registration number CTR20191353.ResultsBetween July 2019 and March 2020, 31 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 50 (range 28–68) years. Among 31 patients who were evaluated, 25 (80.6%) experienced objective response and the other six (19.4%) experienced stable disease (SD). As of 4 August, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.0 months (95% CI, 6.2–9.2). The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events included neutropenia (74.1%), anemia (35.5%), thrombocytopenia (32.3%), hypocalcemia (9.7%), hypokalemia (9.7%), and alanine aminotransferase increased (6.5%). There were no treatment-related deaths.ConclusionPucotenlimab plus GP demonstrated promising activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with mTNBC in the first-line setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xichun Hu,
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16
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Wang J, He Y, Zhang B, Lv H, Nie C, Chen B, Xu W, Zhao J, Cheng X, Li Q, Tu S, Chen X. The Efficacy and Safety of Sintilimab Combined With Nab-Paclitaxel as a Second-Line Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924149. [PMID: 35719979 PMCID: PMC9198424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer patients have a poor prognosis. PD-1 monotherapy regimen and PD-1 combined chemotherapy regimen have become the standard third- and first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer, respectively. However, the status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer has not been established. The combination of chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 antibody has been demonstrated to have a synergistic effect. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel in the second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC)/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced GC/GEJ cancer that progressed after first-line systemic therapies with sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled and eligible for response assessment. Complete response (CR) was not observed, 15 patients achieved partial response (PR), 16 patients had stable disease (SD) and 9 patients had progressive disease (PD). The ORR and DCR were 15 (38.5%) and 31 (79.5%), respectively. Median PFS was 5.4 months (95%CI: 3.072-7.728). PFSs between different subgroups were analyzed. The results showed that gender, age, Human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2) status, PD-L1 expression, primary tumor site and chemotherapy cycles had no significant effect on PFS. Most of the adverse events (AEs) were of grade 1-2 and manageable. The common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 included anemia (12.8%), neutropenia (12.8%), leukopenia (10.3%), hand-foot syndrome (7.7%), thrombocytopenia (7.7%). The potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were grade 1 pneumonia (1 pts [2.6%]) and grade 4 hepatitis (1 pts [2.6%]). There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion These results indicate that sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel exhibits good anti-tumor activity and an acceptable safety profile as a second-line treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. These results warrant further investigation and evaluation to identify patients who can benefit more from the combined treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunduan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baiwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Li
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou, University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Ernst M, Giubellino A. The Current State of Treatment and Future Directions in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:822. [PMID: 35453572 PMCID: PMC9029866 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death among cutaneous malignancies. While its incidence is increasing, the most recent cancer statistics show a small but clear decrease in mortality rate. This trend reflects the introduction of novel and more effective therapeutic regimens, including the two cornerstones of melanoma therapy: immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Immunotherapies exploit the highly immunogenic nature of melanoma by modulating and priming the patient's own immune system to attack the tumor. Treatments combining immunotherapies with targeted therapies, which disable the carcinogenic products of mutated cancer cells, have further increased treatment efficacy and durability. Toxicity and resistance, however, remain critical challenges to the field. The present review summarizes past treatments and novel therapeutic interventions and discusses current clinical trials and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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18
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Meng Q, Fu Y, Li S, Yan Y, Duan D, Anthony DD, Zhu Y, Wu X, Qian F, Wu C. Rapid, sensitive and cost-effective determination of immune checkpoint inhibitor activity using a magnetic bead-based binding assay. J Immunol Methods 2021; 498:113134. [PMID: 34464606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are effective immunno-therapeutic agents for cancer. Rapid and sensitive determination of the blocking activity of ICIs is important for ICIs development and immunological research. Among various immune checkpoint (IC) binding assays, cell-based binding assays are widely regarded, and the functional ELISA is a convenient alternative. However, these methodologies are limited by time-consuming preparation of cell lines stably expressing IC molecules, or long turnaround time with high cost. In this study, two magnetic bead based binding assays were developed to evaluate activity of ICIs, which was determined by a soluble ligand/bead immobilized receptor based binding assay (sL/bR binding assay) that assessed efficacy to block binding of one soluble IC ligand on its cognate receptor immobilized beads, or by a soluble receptor/bead immobilized ligand based binding assay (sR/bL binding assay) that assessed efficacy to block binding of soluble IC receptor on its cognate ligand immobilized beads. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of ICIs were calculated to determine ICIs activity. The sL/bR binding assay accurately determined the activity of two TIGIT blocking antibodies, since the relative blocking activity of two TIGIT antibodies determined by the sL/bR binding assay established in this study and that by the cell based binding assay were almost identical. In contrast, the sR/bL binding assay showed significantly improved sensitivity to determine activity of two PD-1 blocking antibodies than the sL/bR binding assay that was tested in this study and previous reports. Moreover, both amount of the used recombinant protein of ICI receptor/ligand and turnaround time of the two binding assays were more than 10 times less than those of the functional ELISA. These data indicate that the two magnetic bead based binding assays are sensitive, rapid and cost-effective methods to determine blocking activity of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, China.
| | - Yujia Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, China
| | - Shenzhi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, China
| | - Yujuan Yan
- Department of Infectious diseases, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215013, China
| | - Danli Duan
- Chengdu Newgenegle Clinical Diagnosis Lab, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Donald D Anthony
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Infectious and Rheumatic Diseases, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System and MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yueping Zhu
- Department of Infectious diseases, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215013, China
| | - Xuehua Wu
- Department of Infectious diseases, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215013, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Infectious diseases, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215013, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, China.
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19
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Liu R, Li W, Meng Y, Gao S, Zhang J, Hu X. Phase I study of pucotenlimab (HX008), an anti-PD-1 antibody, for patients with advanced solid tumors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211020528. [PMID: 34158838 PMCID: PMC8182631 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pucotenlimab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) anti programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a S228P hinge mutation and an engineered Fc domain. Preclinical data suggests that pucotenlimab exerts antitumor effects. In this phase I study, which was prospectively registered on www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn (CTR20180125), the safety, maximum tolerated dose, preliminary antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of pucotenlimab were evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies were recruited. In a 3+3 dose escalation study, 13 patients received pucotenlimab intravenously every 3 weeks (Q3W) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred at doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 200 mg. 17 additional patients were assigned in the expansion period. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were proteinuria (40%), fatigue (36.7%), weight loss (26.7%), fever (26.7%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (26.7%), rash (23.3%), and anorexia (20.0%). Partial responses occurred in five patients, with an objective response rate of 16.7%. Pharmacokinetics analysis showed rapid absorption followed by slow terminal elimination, with a mean half-life of 17.1–23.5 days across all dose groups. Conclusions: Pucotenlimab had an acceptable toxicity profile at doses up to 10 mg/kg and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Based on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile, 3 mg/kg Q3W or 200 mg Q3W are optimal for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuiping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
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Xu J, Xu N, Bai Y, Liu R, Mao C, Sui H, Wang X, Jiang Q, Dou Y. Anti-PD-1 antibody HX008 combined with oxaliplatin plus capecitabine for advanced gastric or esophagogastric junction cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase Ib trial. Oncoimmunology 2020; 10:1864908. [PMID: 33457083 PMCID: PMC7781732 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1864908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is approved as an option for third-line treatment of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer in several countries, but no anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment is yet approved for first-line treatment of advanced G/GEJ cancer. We report a phase Ib trial of HX008, a highly selective, humanized anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody, plus oxaliplatin and capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced G/GEJ cancer. Patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic G/GEJ cancer were enrolled. All patients received HX008 3 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks (up to 6 cycles), and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days continuous dosing followed by a 7-day break. The primary end point was the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. In total, 35 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 12.7 months. Most frequent (>10%) grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were anemia (27.5%), neutropenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (17.1%), leukopenia (17.1%) and fatigue (17.3%). Objective response rate was 60.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.1-76.1%). Disease control rate was 77.1% (95% CI 59.9-89.6). Median time to response and duration of response were 1.4 months (range 1.3-2.9) and 12.3 months (range 1.4-17.9+), respectively. Median PFS was 9.2 months (95% CI 5.4-not reached). These results demonstrated that HX008 combined with oxaliplatin plus capecitabine was well tolerated and demonstrated encouraging efficacy as first-line treatment for advanced G/GEJ cancer. This study was registered in china, register number was CTR20181270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rongrui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwei Dou
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
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21
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Song Y, Li N, Li Q, Liang X, Zhang S, Fan Q, Yin X, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Kou X, Zhong H, Wang X, Dou Y, Huang J. HX008, an anti-PD1 antibody, plus irinotecan as second-line treatment for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a multicenter, single-arm phase II trial. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001279. [PMID: 33060149 PMCID: PMC7566427 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan is used as second-line treatment in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. The role of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody plus irinotecan, in this setting and population is unclear. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial was conducted in 11 Chinese hospitals. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed advanced G/GEJ cancer that refractory to, or intolerant of, first-line chemotherapy with a platinum and/or fluoropyrimidine. Subjects received HX008 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks plus irinotecan 160 mg/m2 intravenously every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) as assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors V.1.1. RESULTS Between October 2018 and September 2019, a total of 58 patients with advanced G/GEJ cancer were enrolled in this study. Median follow-up was 10.5 months (range 7.4-18.9) months. Confirmed ORR was observed in 16 patients, for an ORR of 27.6% (95% CI 16.1% to 39.1%); 19 patients experienced stable disease, leading to a disease control rate of 60.3% (95% CI 46.4% to 73.0%). ORR in patients with PD-ligand 1 (L1) positive (Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1) and negative (CPS<1) tumors was 38.5% (5/13) and 37.5% (3/8), respectively. Median duration of response was 8.0 months (range 1.5-12.5), 6 of 16 (37.5%) responses were ongoing. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 months (95% CI 2.2 to 5.5). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (NR) (95% CI 8.7 to NR). Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors tended to have longer OS than those with PD-L1 negative tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (NR vs 8.7 months, p=0.1858).The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 included neutropenia (32.8%), leukopenia (31.0%), anemia (17.2%), decreased appetite (8.6%), vomit (6.9%), nausea (6.9%) and fatigue (5.2%). There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION The combination of HX008 and irinotecan demonstrated promising activity and manageable safety as second-line treatment in patients with advanced G/GEJ cancer, which warrants further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03704246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianli Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of SooChow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoge Kou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijun Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwei Dou
- Taizhou Hanzhong Biomedical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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