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das Chagas LA, Torloni MR, Silva-Neto LGR, Dualib PM, de Sousa RML, Bittencourt JAS, Araujo Júnior E, Granese R, Mattar R. Dietary Intake and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Results in Women with Gestational Diabetes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2948. [PMID: 38792489 PMCID: PMC11122252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Diet is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There are few studies on women's diet and glucose tolerance test (GTT) results during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between one's previous diet and the number of abnormal values on the diagnostic GTT in women with GDM. We hypothesized that there would be an inverse relation between antioxidant micronutrient consumption and the number of abnormal GTT values. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 women diagnosed with GDM (2-h, 75 g-GTT), divided in two groups as follows: 1 abnormal glucose value and 2-3 abnormal values. Shortly after the diagnosis, participants answered a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess their food consumption in the last 6 months. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the dietary intake of the participants in the two groups. Results: The participant characteristics were similar. The median intake of total calories, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins did not differ significantly between groups. Participants with 1 abnormal GTT value had significantly higher intakes of fiber (11.9 vs. 11.0 g/day p = 0.049), vitamin D (40.6 vs. 40.4 mcg/day p = 0.049), and vitamin C (180.0 vs. 151.0 mg/day p = 0.008) than those with 2-3 abnormal values. Conclusions: Our results suggest a possible association between the consumption of fiber and antioxidant micronutrients and the number of abnormal GTT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almeida das Chagas
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.); (M.R.T.); (E.A.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Regina Torloni
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.); (M.R.T.); (E.A.J.); (R.M.)
- Evidence Based Health Care, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patricia Medici Dualib
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04038-001, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Jalila Andréa Sampaio Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Biological Information Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luiz 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.); (M.R.T.); (E.A.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.); (M.R.T.); (E.A.J.); (R.M.)
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Ebrahimi S, Ellery SJ, Leech RM, van der Pligt PF. Associations between diet quality and dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus in a low-risk cohort of pregnant women in Australia: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:503-513. [PMID: 38193638 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence of associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women is limited. This study examined changes in MDS and DASH and dietary patterns in Australian pregnant women between early and late pregnancy and their associations with GDM. METHODS The data from n = 284 participants were analysed. Diet quality indices and empirical dietary patterns were determined in early (15 ± 3 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (35 ± 2 weeks gestation). Paired t-tests were used to examine changes in scores for diet quality indices and dietary patterns from early to late pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between GDM, diet quality indices and dietary patterns. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns were identified at early pregnancy. The first and second dietary patterns included unhealthier and healthier food groups, respectively, and the third comprised mixed food groups. Although diet quality scores did not change over time, consumption of the first dietary pattern increased (p = 0.01), and consumption of the second dietary pattern decreased by late pregnancy in women without GDM (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION No associations between DASH score, MDS and GDM were found; however an inverse association was observed between the first dietary pattern and GDM in late pregnancy (p = 0.023). Longitudinal studies are needed to examine diet quality and dietary patterns at early and late pregnancy to inform the development of tailored dietary advice for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paige F van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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Pant A, Chew DP, Mamas MA, Zaman S. Cardiovascular Disease and the Mediterranean Diet: Insights into Sex-Specific Responses. Nutrients 2024; 16:570. [PMID: 38398894 PMCID: PMC10893368 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden in women globally. A healthy diet is important for the prevention of CVD. Research has consistently favoured the Mediterranean diet as a cardio-protective diet. Several studies have evaluated associations between the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular outcomes, including traditional risk factors like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. In addition, consistent evidence suggests that the components of the Mediterranean diet have a synergistic effect on cardiovascular risk due to its anti-inflammatory profile and microbiome effects. While the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are well-established, health advice and dietary guidelines have been built on largely male-dominant studies. Few studies have investigated the beneficial associations of the Mediterranean diet in sex-specific populations, including those with non-traditional risk factors that are specific to women, for instance polycystic ovarian syndrome and high-risk pregnancies, or more prevalent in women, such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet in women in relation to cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushriya Pant
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Derek P. Chew
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sarah Zaman
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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Hajhashemy Z, Bagherniya M, Sadeghi O, Askari G. The relation of dietary protein intake before and during the pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:505-518. [PMID: 38215681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies investigated the relation of protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), their findings were controversial. Therefore, we aimed to summarize this association, through a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, Scopus and motor engineering of Google Scholar were systematically searched up to April 2023. Observational studies which investigated odds of GDM in relation to protein intake were included. RESULTS A total of 31,005 participants with 3451 cases of GDM from 13 eligible investigations were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Comparing the highest and lowest intakes of total, animal, and plant proteins revealed the summary RRs of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.33), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.14), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.20), respectively, indicating a significant positive association between total and animal protein intake and GDM. In the dose-response analyses, each 5% increment in energy intake from total protein during pregnancy was related to 20% increased odds of GDM (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.33). In the non-linear dose-response analyses, we found a non-linear association for animal protein intake during pregnancy (P for non-linearity <0.001); so that, a risk increase was seen from zero to 10% of energy intake from animal proteins, however, a risk reduction was seen after 10% of energy intake. However, there was not any significant non-linear trend between plant protein intake during pregnancy and risk of GDM. Based on the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence for total, animal and plant protein was rated as "moderate", "moderate" and "very low", respectively. CONCLUSION We found a significant positive association between total protein intake and GDM; however, the associations of animal and plant protein intake with GDM were dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Lim PQ, Lai YJ, Ling PY, Chen KH. Cellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus: Is it predictable and preventable? World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1693-1709. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to overt diabetes mellitus (DM), gestational DM (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance induced by pregnancy, which may arise from exaggerated physiologic changes in glucose metabolism. GDM prevalence is reported to be as high as 20% among pregnancies depending on the screening method, gestational age, and the population studied. Maternal and fetal effects of uncontrolled GDM include stillbirth, macrosomia, neonatal diabetes, birth trauma, and subsequent postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, it is essential to find the potential target population and associated predictive and preventive measures for future intensive peripartum care.
AIM To review studies that explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GDM as well as predictive measures and prevention strategies.
METHODS The search was performed in the Medline and PubMed databases using the terms “gestational diabetes mellitus,” “overt diabetes mellitus,” and “insulin resistance.” In the literature, only full-text articles were considered for inclusion (237 articles). Furthermore, articles published before 1997 and duplicate articles were excluded. After a final review by two experts, all studies (1997-2023) included in the review met the search terms and search strategy (identification from the database, screening of the studies, selection of potential articles, and final inclusion).
RESULTS Finally, a total of 79 articles were collected for review. Reported risk factors for GDM included maternal obesity or overweight, pre-existing DM, and polycystic ovary syndrome. The pathophysiology of GDM involves genetic variants responsible for insulin secretion and glycemic control, pancreatic β cell depletion or dysfunction, aggravated insulin resistance due to failure in the plasma membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4, and the effects of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Currently, many antepartum measurements including adipokines (leptin), body mass ratio (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio], and biomarkers (microRNA in extracellular vesicles) have been studied and confirmed to be useful markers for predicting GDM. For preventing GDM, physical activity and dietary approaches are effective interventions to control body weight, improve glycemic control, and reduce insulin resistance.
CONCLUSION This review explored the possible factors that influence GDM and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of GDM and provided predictive measures and prevention strategies based on results of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qi Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Flor‐Alemany M, Acosta‐Manzano P, Migueles JH, Baena‐García L, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Association of Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal lipid, glycemic and inflammatory markers: The GESTAFIT project. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13454. [PMID: 36437523 PMCID: PMC10019045 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory markers. This study included 152 women from the GESTAFIT trial and a subsample of 35 newborns. The Mediterranean Diet Score, derived from food frequency questionnaires, was employed to assess MD adherence. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and glucose were assessed in the mother (at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks [g.w.]) and in cord arterial and venous serum with standard procedures using an autoanalyzer. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1beta, interferon gamma, and tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) were measured with Luminex xMAP technology. A greater MD adherence was associated with higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-C ratio, and TNF-α in the mother at the 16th and the 34th g.w. (|β|: 0.191-0.388, p < 0.05). A higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish and a lower intake of sweets were associated with higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-C ratio, and TNF-α at the 16th and 34th g.w. (|β|: 0.188-0.334, p < 0.05). No associations were found with the cord arterial and venous serum markers (p > 0.05). A greater MD adherence during pregnancy, driven by a higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish, and a lower intake of sweets, was positively associated with the maternal lipid and inflammatory serum markers throughout gestation. MD adherence during pregnancy was not associated with cord serum markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Flor‐Alemany
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS)GranadaSpain
| | - Pedro Acosta‐Manzano
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS)GranadaSpain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Phsical Activity for Health Promotion, CTS‐1018 Research Group, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH “Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Laura Baena‐García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaCeutaSpain
- Instituto de investigación biosanitaria, ibs GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS)GranadaSpain
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Lambert V, Muñoz SE, Gil C, Román MD. Maternal dietary components in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of observational studies to timely promotion of health. Nutr J 2023; 22:15. [PMID: 36879315 PMCID: PMC9990275 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that considers diet as an important factor in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this review is to synthesise the existing evidence on the relationship between GDM and maternal dietary components. METHODS We performed a systematic bibliographic search in Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) and the Latin American Nutrition Archive (ALAN) of regional and local literature, limiting the searches to observational studies published between 2016 and 2022. Search terms related to nutrients, foods, dietary patterns and the relationship to GDM risk were used. The review included 44 articles, 12 of which were from America. The articles considered different topics about maternal dietary components as follows: 14 are about nutrient intake, 8 about food intake, 4 combined nutrient and food analysis and 18 about dietary patterns. RESULTS Iron, processed meat and a low carbohydrate diet were positively associated with GDM. Antioxidant nutrients, folic acid, fruits, vegetables, legumes and eggs were negatively associated with GDM. Generally, western dietary patterns increase GDM risk, and prudent dietary patterns or plant-based diets decrease the risk. CONCLUSIONS Diet is considered one of the causes of GDM. However, there is no homogeneity in how people eat nor in how researchers assess diet in different contextual conditions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lambert
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sonia Edith Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla Gil
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Dolores Román
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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ÇOBANOĞULLARI HAVVA, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, DUNDAR MUNIS, BERTELLI MATTEO, TULAY PINAR. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E65-E73. [PMID: 36479491 PMCID: PMC9710394 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, rapid and subtle physiological changes are observed from conception to birth. Nutrition and other lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy have been shown in the literature to influence the health of both mother and child. A healthy and varied diet during pregnancy can provide adequate energy and nutrients for both the mother and the growing fetus. Current research focuses on the periconceptional phase, which includes the early processes of gametogenesis, embryogenesis and placentation. A variety of abnormalities and pregnancy-related problems occur during this period, including congenital defects, fetal loss, miscarriage and preterm birth. A varied and balanced diet during periconception is important to maintain fetal development and growth. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of consuming different nutrients, foods or food groups during pregnancy on the health of mother and child. For example, the Mediterranean diet is considered as a balanced, nutrient-rich diet due to the low consumption of meat products and fatty foods and the high consumption of vegetables, cheese, olive oil, fish, shellfish and little meat. While many studies have been conducted in the literature to investigate the effects of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on fetal health, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAVVA ÇOBANOĞULLARI
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto, Italy
| | - PINAR TULAY
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Near East University, DESAM Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Pınar Tulay, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus. E-mail:
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Samadani M, Mansoori A, Haybar H, Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M. Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221111934. [PMID: 35874271 PMCID: PMC9301100 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several diet quality scores have been developed to evaluate the health
benefits of individual diets such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary
Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med).
This study aims to determine the relationship between dominant dietary
health scores with the risk of atherosclerosis in Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 323 patients with atherosclerosis
and 334 individuals without atherosclerosis as control group. Food Frequency
Questionnaire was used for obtaining dietary intakes; then HEI, DASH score,
and Med score was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to
calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) between
quartiles of the HEI, DASH and Med and atherosclerosis risk. Results: The results showed that total scores for HEI, DASH, and Med in control group
was higher than the atherosclerosis group. The results also indicated that
higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76],
P-trend = .006), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78],
P-trend = .003), and Mediterranean pattern (OR: 0.4;
CI: [0.21, 0.76]) decreased odds ratio of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean diet
might be associated with a lower risk of Atherosclerosis and can have a
positive effect on general health and prevention of chronic diseases in
people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Samadani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Hyperlipidemic Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Altemani AH, Alzaheb RA. The prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (The role of lifestyle): a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:83. [PMID: 35706048 PMCID: PMC9199329 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. The disease is on the rise worldwide with deleterious consequences on the fetus, mother, and children. The study aimed to review the role of lifestyle in the prevention of GDM. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar from the first published article up to December 2021; articles were eligible if they were controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and case-control. Out of 5559 articles retrieved, 66 full texts were screened, and 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. (6 studies assessed the effects of diet, and 13 were on exercise). The dietary intervention showed significant positive effect on GDM, odd ratio = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.56-84, P-value for overall effect = 0.002. The DASH diet was better than Mediterranean Diet (odd ratio, 0.71, 95% CI, 68-74, P-value < 0.001). Regarding exercise, no significant prevention was evident on GDM, odd ratio, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.55-1.06, P-value = 0.11. However, a significant prevention of gestational diabetes was found when the exercise was mild-moderate (odd ratio = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53-80, P < 0.0001) and started in the first trimester (odd ratio, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.43-0.75, P < 0.0001. No significant effect was found when the exercise was vigorous (odd ratio = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.50-2.38, P = 0.83) and started during the second trimester of pregnancy (odd ratio, 1.08, 95% CI, 0.65-1.80, P = 0.77. Diet and early mild-moderate exercise were effective in GDM prevention. Exercise during the second trimester and moderate-vigorous were not. Further studies assessing the type, duration, and frequency of physical activity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyadh A Alzaheb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Kheriji N, Boukhalfa W, Mahjoub F, Hechmi M, Dakhlaoui T, Mrad M, Hadj Salah Bahlous A, Ben Amor N, Jamoussi H, Kefi R. The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102132. [PMID: 35631273 PMCID: PMC9143672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420 Tunisians were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study of daily food consumption. Various data were collected and blood samples were drawn for biochemical assay. A 24-h recall questionnaire was obtained from participants to evaluate dietary intake. Statistical analyses were conducted using Nutrilog and R software. Biochemical analyses stratified the studied population (n = 371) into three groups: diabetics (n = 106), prediabetics (n = 192) and controls (n = 73); 49 subjects were excluded. Our results showed that Tunisians had hypercaloric diets high in carbohydrates and fat with variability in the levels of some vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin and niacin, that were statistically different among groups. The lower intake of vitamin D was associated with a greater risk of T2D. Higher vitamin A and sodium intake were associated with poor glucose homeostasis, although protein intake may improve it. In perspective, nutrigenomic studies can provide insight into problematic diets and poor eating habits and offer opportunities to analyze the effects of behavioral changes that can mitigate T2D development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kheriji
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
| | - Wided Boukhalfa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
| | - Faten Mahjoub
- National Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (F.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Meriem Hechmi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Thouraya Dakhlaoui
- Regional Association of Diabetics of Zaghouan-Regional Hospital of Zaghouan, Zaghwān 1100, Tunisia;
| | - Mehdi Mrad
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Hormonology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Hormonology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Research Unit UR18ES01 on “Obesity”, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- National Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (F.M.); (H.J.)
- Research Unit UR18ES01 on “Obesity”, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Does a MediDiet with additional extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes? Endocr Pract 2021; 28:135-141. [PMID: 34481972 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence in pregnant women following the Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios. METHODS 560 pregnant patients were enrolled in the present study. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was introduced in both the interventional group (IG) and control group (CG). The females received 40 ml of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) every day along with 25 - 30 gm of roasted pistachios in the interventional group. The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) was recorded along with specific maternal and neonatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nutritional and MEDAS scores were not statistically different among the groups at baseline, but the difference was statistically significant and higher in IG at 24-28 weeks (p = 0.001) and 36-38 weeks (p = 0.001). GDM was diagnosed in 51(20.4%) females in the Control group and 34 (13.6%) females in the Interventional group. The MedDiet significantly reduced the GDM incidence (p=0.02) after adjusting the confounding factors. CONCLUSION The present study depicts that dietary intervention in pregnant women, including MedDiet and increased consumption of EVOO and pistachios, decreased the incidence of GDM.
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