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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Kuttiyachan Urumbil S, Ponnenkunnathu Govindankutty S, Kumar Ngangbam A, Devi Nongmaithem B. A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107465. [PMID: 38761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium responsible for multiple infections and is a primary cause of fatalities among patients in hospital environments. The advent of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus revealed the shortcomings of employing antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases. Quorum sensing enhances S. aureus's survivability through signaling processes. Targeting the key components of quorum sensing has drawn much interest nowadays as a promising strategy for combating infections caused by bacteria. Concentrating on the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing mechanism is the most commonly suggested anti-virulence approach for S.aureus. Quorum quenching is a common strategy for controlling illnesses triggered by microorganisms since it reduces the pathogenicity of bacteria and improves bacterial biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, thus providing an intriguing prospect for drug discovery. Quorum sensing inhibition reduces selective stresses and constrains the emergence of antibiotic resistance while limiting bacterial pathogenicity. This review examines the quorum sensing mechanisms involved in S. aureus, quorum sensing targets and gene regulation, environmental factors affecting quorum sensing, quorum sensing inhibition, natural products as quorum sensing inhibitory agents and novel therapeutical strategies to target quorum sensing in S. aureus as drug developing technique to augment conventional antibiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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Kwon Y, Choi Y, Kim M, Jo H, Jeong MS, Jung HS, Jeoung D. HDAC6-MYCN-CXCL3 axis mediates allergic inflammation and is necessary for allergic inflammation-promoted cellular interactions. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:1-15. [PMID: 38176167 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to play an important role in allergic inflammation. This study hypothesized that novel downstream targets of HDAC6 would mediate allergic inflammation. Experiments employing HDAC6 knock out C57BL/6 mice showed that HDAC6 mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). Antigen stimulation increased expression of N-myc (MYCN) and CXCL3 in an HDAC6-dependent manner in the bone marrow-derived mast cells. MYCN and CXCL3 were necessary for both PCA and PSA. The role of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in the regulation of HDAC6 expression has been reported. ChIP assays showed EGR3 as a direct regulator of MYCN. miR-34a-5p was predicted to be a negative regulator of MYCN. Luciferase activity assays showed miR-34a-5p as a direct regulator of MYCN. miR-34a-5p mimic negatively regulated PCA and PSA. MYCN decreased miR-34a-5p expression in antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). MYCN was shown to bind to the promoter sequence of CXCL3. In an IgE-independent manner, recombinant CXCL3 protein increased expression of HDAC6, MYCN, and β-hexosaminidase activity in RBL2H3 cells. Mouse recombinant CXCL3 protein enhanced the angiogenic potential of the culture medium of RBL2H3. CXCL3 was necessary for the enhanced angiogenic potential of the culture medium of antigen-stimulated RBL2H3. The culture medium of RBL2H3 was able to induce M2 macrophage polarization in a CXCL3-dependent manner. Recombinant CXCL3 protein also increased the expression of markers of M2 macrophage. Thus, the identification of the novel role of HDAC6-MYCN-CXCL3 axis can help better understand the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Yunji Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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Nakajima I, Fukuda K, Ishida W, Kishimoto T, Kuwana A, Suzuki T, Kaito C, Yamashiro K. Staphylococcus aureus-derived virulent phenol-soluble modulin α triggers alarmin release to drive IL-36-dependent corneal inflammation. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105237. [PMID: 37805122 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients with keratitis produces substantial amounts of phenol-soluble modulin α (PSMα). However, the role of PSMα in S. aureus keratitis remains unclear. We observed that PSMα-producing and PSMα-deficient strains could infect the cornea in our experimental mouse keratitis model; however, only the PSMα-producing strain delayed epithelial wound healing and induced stromal inflammation. PSMα induced damage to the epithelium, the release of alarmins IL-1α and IL-36α, and the expression of inflammatory chemokines by resident corneal cells in the mouse corneal organ culture. The IL-36 (but not IL-1) receptor antagonist attenuated mouse keratitis induced by PSMα-containing bacterial culture supernatants, as well as by infection with PSMα-producing S. aureus, suggesting that the corneal inflammations were dependent on IL-36. Recombinant PSMα elicited IL-36-dependent corneal inflammation in mice. Thus, PSMα and the subsequently released IL-36 are critical factors triggering inflammation during S. aureus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isana Nakajima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Waka Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Aozora Kuwana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Dernovics Á, Seprényi G, Rázga Z, Ayaydin F, Veréb Z, Megyeri K. Phenol-Soluble Modulin α3 Stimulates Autophagy in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3018. [PMID: 38002017 PMCID: PMC10669503 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) produced by staphylococci. PSMs exert diverse cellular effects, including lytic, pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Since the effects of PSMs on autophagy have not yet been reported, we evaluated the autophagic activity in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with recombinant PSMα3. METHODS The autophagic flux and levels of autophagic marker proteins were determined using Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of LC3B and Beclin-1 was investigated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The ultrastructural features of control and PSMα3-treated cells were evaluated via transmission electron microscopy. Cytoplasmic acidification was measured via acridine orange staining. Phosphorylation levels of protein kinases, implicated in autophagy regulation, were studied using a phospho-kinase array and Western blot analysis. RESULTS PSMα3 facilitated the intracellular redistribution of LC3B, increased the average number of autophagosomes per cell, promoted the development of acidic vesicular organelles, elevated the levels of LC3B-II, stimulated autophagic flux and triggered a significant decrease in the net autophagic turnover rate. PSMα3 induced the accumulation of autophagosomes/autolysosomes, amphisomes and multilamellar bodies at the 0.5, 6 and 24 h time points, respectively. The phospho-Akt1/2/3 (T308 and S473), and phospho-mTOR (S2448) levels were decreased, whereas the phospho-Erk1/2 (T202/Y204 and T185/Y187) level was increased in PSMα3-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS In HaCaT keratinocytes, PSMα3 stimulates autophagy. The increased autophagic activity elicited by sub-lytic PSM concentrations might be an integral part of the cellular defense mechanisms protecting skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Dernovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - György Seprényi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Kossuth L. sgt. 40., H-6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 2, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM) Nonprofit Ltd., Római krt. 21., H-6723 Szeged, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi Fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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Marichal L, Bagnard L, Sire O, Vendrely C, Bruckert F, Weidenhaupt M. Phenol-soluble modulins form amyloids in contact with multiple surface chemistries. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130450. [PMID: 37640168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional amyloids are commonly produced by many microorganisms and their biological functions are numerous. Staphylococcus aureus can secrete a group of peptides named phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in their biofilm extracellular matrix. PSMs have been found inside biofilms both in their soluble form and assembled into amyloid structures. Yet, the actual biological function of these amyloids has been highly debated. Here, we assessed the ability of PSMs to form amyloids in contact with different abiotic surfaces to unravel a potential unknown bioadhesive and/or biofilm stabilization function. We combined surface plasmon resonance imaging, fluorescence aggregation kinetics, and FTIR spectroscopy in order to evaluate the PSM adsorption as well as amyloid formation properties in the presence of various surface chemistries. Overall, PSMs adsorb even on low-binding surfaces, making them highly adaptable adsorbants in the context of bioadhesion. Moreover, the PSM aggregation potential to form amyloid aggregates is not impacted by the presence of the surface chemistries tested. This versatility regarding adsorption and amyloid formation may imply a possible role of PSMs in biofilm adhesion and/or structure integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Marichal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Lucie Bagnard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France
| | - Charlotte Vendrely
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Franz Bruckert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
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Gehrke AKE, Giai C, Gómez MI. Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation to the Skin in Health and Persistent/Recurrent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37887220 PMCID: PMC10604630 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism with an incredible capability to adapt to different niches within the human body. Approximately between 20 and 30% of the population is permanently but asymptomatically colonized with S. aureus in the nose, and another 30% may carry S. aureus intermittently. It has been established that nasal colonization is a risk factor for infection in other body sites, including mild to severe skin and soft tissue infections. The skin has distinct features that make it a hostile niche for many bacteria, therefore acting as a strong barrier against invading microorganisms. Healthy skin is desiccated; it has a low pH at the surface; the upper layer is constantly shed to remove attached bacteria; and several host antimicrobial peptides are produced. However, S. aureus is able to overcome these defenses and colonize this microenvironment. Moreover, this bacterium can very efficiently adapt to the stressors present in the skin under pathological conditions, as it occurs in patients with atopic dermatitis or suffering chronic wounds associated with diabetes. The focus of this manuscript is to revise the current knowledge concerning how S. aureus adapts to such diverse skin conditions causing persistent and recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Katharina E. Gehrke
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—(UNCuyo) CONICET, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza C1006ACC, Argentina
| | - Marisa I. Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
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Wu Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Huang M, Wang Y, Luo Z. New insight into the virulence and inflammatory response of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1234994. [PMID: 37577369 PMCID: PMC10416727 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have less virulence, but still cause severe infections. Furthermore, hypovirulent S. aureus strains appear to be localized in the deep tissues of diabetic foot osteomyelitis, indicating that the unique environment within DFUs affects the pathogenicity of S. aureus. In this study, the cell-free culture medium (CFCM) of S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs exhibited higher cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes than those isolated from non-diabetic patients with sepsis or wounds. Among these S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs, β-toxin negative strains have less virulence than β-toxin positive strains, but induced a higher expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our study and previous studies have shown that the synergistic effect of phenol-soluble modulin α and β-toxin contributes to the higher hemolytic activity of β-toxin positive strains. However, lysis of human erythrocytes by the CFCM of β-toxin negative strains was greatly inhibited by an autolysin inhibitor, sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS). A high level of glucose greatly reduced the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, but promoted the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human neutrophils. However, 5 mM glucose or glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) increased the hemolytic activity of SA118 (a β-toxin negative strain) isolated from DFUs. Additionally, patients with DFUs with growth of S. aureus had lower level of serum IL-6 than those with other bacteria, and the CFCM of S. aureus strains significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 expression in human neutrophils. Therefore, the virulence and inflammatory response of S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs are determined by the levels of glucose and its metabolites, which may explain why it is the predominant bacteria isolated from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanle Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fernandes A, Rodrigues PM, Pintado M, Tavaria FK. A systematic review of natural products for skin applications: Targeting inflammation, wound healing, and photo-aging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154824. [PMID: 37119762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species, the skin no longer can keep its integrity and homeostasis. Chronic inflammation, premature skin aging, tissue damage, and immunosuppression are possible consequences induced by sustained exposure to environmental and endogenous reactive oxygen species. Skin immune and non-immune cells together with the microbiome are essential to efficiently trigger skin immune responses to stress. For this reason, an ever-increasing demand for novel molecules capable of modulating immune functions in the skin has risen the level of their development, particularly in the field of natural product-derived molecules. PURPOSE In this review, we explore different classes of molecules that showed evidence in modulate skin immune responses, as well as their target receptors and signaling pathways. Moreover, we describe the role of polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, and probiotics as possible treatments for skin conditions, including wound healing, infection, inflammation, allergies, and premature skin aging. METHODS Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included "Skin", "wound healing", "natural products", "skin microbiome", "immunomodulation", "anti-inflammatory", "antioxidant", "infection", "UV radiation", "polyphenols", "polysaccharides", "fatty acids", "plant oils", "peptides", "antimicrobial peptides", "probiotics", "atopic dermatitis", "psoriasis", "auto-immunity", "dry skin", "aging", etc., and several combinations of these keywords. RESULTS Natural products offer different solutions as possible treatments for several skin conditions. Significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were reported, followed by the ability to modulate immune functions in the skin. Several membrane-bound immune receptors in the skin recognize diverse types of natural-derived molecules, promoting different immune responses that can improve skin conditions. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing progress in drug discovery, several limiting factors need future clarification. Understanding the safety, biological activities, and precise mechanisms of action is a priority as well as the characterization of the active compounds responsible for that. This review provides directions for future studies in the development of new molecules with important pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P M Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - F K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Tutka K, Żychowska M, Żaczek A, Maternia-Dudzik K, Pawełczyk J, Strapagiel D, Lach J, Reich A. Skin Microbiome in Prurigo Nodularis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087675. [PMID: 37108838 PMCID: PMC10146575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of nodular lesions accompanied by intense pruritus. The disease has been linked to several infectious factors, but data on the direct presence of microorganisms in the lesions of PN are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiome in PN lesions by targeting the region V3-V4 of 16S rRNA. Skin swabs were obtained from active nodules in 24 patients with PN, inflammatory patches of 14 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and corresponding skin areas of 9 healthy volunteers (HV). After DNA extraction, the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform on the MiSeq instrument. Operational taxonomic units (OTU) were identified. The identification of taxa was carried out using the Silva v.138 database. There was no statistically significant difference in the alpha-diversity (intra-sample diversity) between the PN, AD and HV groups. The beta-diversity (inter-sample diversity) showed statistically significant differences between the three groups on a global level and in paired analyses. Staphylococcus was significantly more abundant in samples from PN and AD patients than in controls. The difference was maintained across all taxonomic levels. The PN microbiome is highly similar to that of AD. It remains unclear whether the disturbed composition of the microbiome and the domination of Staphylococcus in PN lesions may be the trigger factor of pruritus and lead to the development of cutaneous changes or is a secondary phenomenon. Our preliminary results support the theory that the composition of the skin microbiome in PN is altered and justify further research on the role of the microbiome in this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Tutka
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żychowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Żaczek
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Karolina Maternia-Dudzik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Lach
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
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10
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Wang G, Lin Z, Li Y, Chen L, Reddy SK, Hu Z, Garza L. Colonizing microbiota is associated with clinical outcomes in diabetic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 194:114727. [PMID: 36758858 PMCID: PMC10163681 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of society and the improvement of life quality, more than 500 million people are affected by diabetes. More than 10 % of people with diabetes will suffer from diabetic wounds, and 80 % of diabetic wounds will reoccur, so the development of new diabetic wound treatments is of great importance. The development of skin microbe research technology has gradually drawn people's attention to the complex relationship between microbes and diabetic wounds. Many studies have shown that skin microbes are associated with the outcome of diabetic wounds and can even be used as one of the indicators of wound prognosis. Skin microbes have also been found to have the potential to treat diabetic wounds. The wound colonization of different bacteria can exert opposing therapeutic effects. It is necessary to fully understand the skin microbes in diabetic wounds, which can provide valuable guidance for clinical diabetic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Luis Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
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11
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Microbiota, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer: An Unexpected Triangle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030546. [PMID: 36978794 PMCID: PMC10045429 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota, the unique combination of micro-organisms residing in a specific environment, plays an essential role in the development of a wide range of human diseases, including skin cancer. Moreover, a persistent imbalance of microbial community, named dysbiosis, can also be associated with oxidative stress, a well-known emerging force involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cutaneous malignancies. Although their interplay has been somewhat suggested, the connection between microbiota, oxidative stress, and skin cancer is a largely unexplored field. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on these topics, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Lee SM, Keum HL, Sul WJ. Bacterial Crosstalk via Antimicrobial Peptides on the Human Skin: Therapeutics from a Sustainable Perspective. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1-11. [PMID: 36719618 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin's epidermis is an essential barrier as the first guard against invading pathogens, and physical protector from external injury. The skin microbiome, which consists of numerous bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea on the epidermis, play a key role in skin homeostasis. Antibiotics are a fast-acting and effective treatment method, however, antibiotic use is a nuisance that can disrupt skin homeostasis by eradicating beneficial bacteria along with the intended pathogens and cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread. Increased numbers of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from humans and bacteria have been reported, and their roles have been well defined. Recently, modulation of the skin microbiome with AMPs rather than artificially synthesized antibiotics has attracted the attention of researchers as many antibiotic-resistant strains make treatment mediation difficult in the context of ecological problems. Herein, we discuss the overall insights into the skin microbiome, including its regulation by different AMPs, as well as their composition and role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Mi Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Keum
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Guimarães LC, Assunção MIDMM, de Oliveira TLR, Cavalcante FS, Saintive S, Abad EDD, Goudouris ES, do Prado EA, Ferreira DDC, dos Santos KRN. Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276960. [PMID: 36327238 PMCID: PMC9632840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily affects the pediatric population, which is highly colonized by S. aureus. However, little is known about the genetic features of this microorganism and other staphylococcal species that colonize AD patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nares and skin (with and without lesion) of 30 AD and 12 non-AD Brazilian children. METHODS Skin and nasal swabs were cultured onto mannitol salt agar, and bacterial colonies were counted and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests. In S. aureus isolates, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected by PCR, and their clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS S. aureus was more prevalent in the nares (P = 0.005) and lesional skin (P = 0.0002) of children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent in the skin of non-AD children (P < 0.0001). All children in the study, except one from each group, were colonized by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and 24% by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Despite the great clonal diversity of S. aureus (18 sequence types identified), most AD children (74.1%) were colonized by the same genotype in both niches. CONCLUSION High colonization by polyclonal S. aureus isolates was found among children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent among non-AD children. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates highlights the importance of continued surveillance, especially when considering empiric antibiotic therapy for the treatment of skin infections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Cardoso Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tamara Lopes Rocha de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Ambulatório de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane de Dios Abad
- Ambulatório de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ekaterini Simoes Goudouris
- Ambulatório de Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alves do Prado
- Ambulatório de Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento de Fundamentos de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lecron JC, Charreau S, Jégou JF, Salhi N, Petit-Paris I, Guignouard E, Burucoa C, Favot-Laforge L, Bodet C, Barra A, Huguier V, Mcheik J, Dumoutier L, Garnier J, Bernard FX, Ryffel B, Morel F. IL-17 and IL-22 are pivotal cytokines to delay wound healing of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infected skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984016. [PMID: 36275755 PMCID: PMC9585169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlthough the presence of pathogens in skin wounds is known to delay the wound healing process, the mechanisms underlying this delay remain poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated the regulatory role of proinflammatory cytokines on the healing kinetics of infected wounds.MethodsWe have developed a mouse model of cutaneous wound healing, with or without wound inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two major pathogens involved in cutaneous wound bacterial infections.ResultsAseptic excision in C57BL/6 mouse skin induced early expression of IL-1β, TNFα and Oncostatin M (OSM), without detectable expression of IL-22 and IL-17A/F. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa wound inoculation not only increased the expression of IL-1β and OSM, but also induced a strong cutaneous expression of IL-22, IL-17A and IL-17F, along with an increased number of infiltrating IL-17A and/or IL-22-producing γδ T cells. The same cytokine expression pattern was observed in infected human skin wounds. When compared to uninfected wounds, mouse skin infection delayed the wound healing process. Injection of IL-1α, TNFα, OSM, IL-22 and IL-17 together in the wound edges induced delayed wound healing similar to that induced by the bacterial infection. Wound healing experiments in infected Rag2KO mice (deficient in lymphocytes) showed a wound healing kinetic similar to uninfected Rag2KO mice or WT mice. Rag2KO infected-skin lesions expressed lower levels of IL-17 and IL-22 than WT, suggesting that the expression of these cytokines is mainly dependent on γδ T cells in this model. Wound healing was not delayed in infected IL-17R/IL-22KO, comparable to uninfected control mice. Injection of recombinant IL-22 and IL-17 in infected wound edges of Rag2KO mice re-establish the delayed kinetic of wound healing, as in infected WT mice.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the synergistic and specific effects of IL-22 and IL-17 induced by bacterial infection delay the wound healing process, regardless of the presence of bacteria per se. Therefore, these cytokines play an unexpected role in delayed skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Claude Lecron,
| | - Sandrine Charreau
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Qima-Bioalternatives (Qima Life Sciences), Gençay, France
| | - Jean-François Jégou
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nadjet Salhi
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Petit-Paris
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Emmanuel Guignouard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Favot-Laforge
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Barra
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Vincent Huguier
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jiad Mcheik
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Garnier
- Qima-Bioalternatives (Qima Life Sciences), Gençay, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Qima-Bioalternatives (Qima Life Sciences), Gençay, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaire (INEM) - Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7355, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UR15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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15
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Gao P, Wei Y, Tai SSC, Halebeedu Prakash P, Iu HTV, Li Y, Yam HCB, Chen JHK, Ho PL, Davies J, Kao RYT. Antivirulence Agent as an Adjuvant of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Staphylococcal Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060819. [PMID: 35740225 PMCID: PMC9219823 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause a plethora of life-threatening infections. Antibiotics have been extensively used to treat S. aureus infections. However, when antibiotics are used at sub-inhibitory concentrations, especially for β-lactam antibiotics, they may enhance staphylococcal pathogenicity and exacerbate the infection. The combination of antivirulence agents and antibiotics may be a novel approach to controlling antibiotic-induced S. aureus pathogenicity. We have illustrated that under in vitro conditions, antivirulence agent M21, when administered concurrently with ampicillin, suppressed the expression and production of virulence factors induced by ampicillin. In a mouse peritonitis model, M21 reduced bacterial load irrespective of administration of ampicillin. In a bacteremia model, combinatorial treatment consisting of ampicillin or ceftazidime and M21 increased the survival rate of mice and reduced cytokine abundance, suggesting the suppression of antibiotic-induced virulence by M21. Different from traditional antibiotic adjuvants, an antivirulence agent may not synergistically inhibit bacterial growth in vitro, but effectively benefit the host in vivo. Collectively, our findings from this study demonstrated the benefits of antivirulence–antibiotic combinatorial treatment against S. aureus infections and provide a new perspective on the development of antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (R.Y.T.K.)
| | - Yuanxin Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Sherlock Shing Chiu Tai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Pradeep Halebeedu Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Ho Ting Venice Iu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Hin Cheung Bill Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Jonathan Hon Kwan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julian Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Richard Yi Tsun Kao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.W.); (S.S.C.T.); (P.H.P.); (H.T.V.I.); (Y.L.); (H.C.B.Y.); (J.H.K.C.); (P.L.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (R.Y.T.K.)
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16
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Humeau M, Boniface K, Bodet C. Cytokine-Mediated Crosstalk Between Keratinocytes and T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:801579. [PMID: 35464457 PMCID: PMC9022745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.801579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by barrier dysfunction, dysregulated immune response, and dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Infiltration of various T helper cell subsets into lesional skin and subsequent cytokine release are a hallmark of AD. Release of cytokines by both T cells and keratinocytes plays a key role in skin inflammation and drives many AD features. This review aims to discuss cytokine-mediated crosstalk between T cells and keratinocytes in AD pathogenesis and the potential impact of virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Humeau
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines LITEC UR 15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines LITEC UR 15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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17
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Chung EJ, Luo CH, Thio CLP, Chang YJ. Immunomodulatory Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040422. [PMID: 35456097 PMCID: PMC9025081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found on humans, and it constitutes the skin microbiota. Presence of S. aureus in healthy individuals usually does not pose any threat, as the human body is equipped with many mechanisms to prevent pathogen invasion and infection. However, colonization of S. aureus has been correlated with many healthcare-associated infections, and has been found in people with atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis, constant fluctuations due to inflammation of the epidermal and mucosal barriers can cause structural changes and allow foreign antigens and pathogens to bypass the first line of defense of the innate system. As they persist, S. aureus can secrete various virulence factors to enhance their survival by host invasion and evasion mechanisms. In response, epithelial cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns, or alarmins such as TSLP, IL-25, IL-33, and chemokines, to recruit innate and adaptive immune cells to cause inflammation. Until recently, IL-36 had been found to play an important role in modulating atopic dermatitis. Secretion of IL-36 from keratinocytes can activate a Th2 independent pathway to trigger symptoms of allergic reaction resulting in clinical manifestations. This mini review aims to summarize the immunomodulatory roles of S. aureus virulence factors and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Jachen Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Christina Li-Ping Thio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Krueger A, Zaugg J, Chisholm S, Linedale R, Lachner N, Teoh SM, Tuong ZK, Lukowski SW, Morrison M, Soyer HP, Hugenholtz P, Hill MM, Frazer IH. Secreted Toxins From Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Keratinocyte Skin Cancers Mediate Pro-tumorigenic Inflammatory Responses in the Skin. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:789042. [PMID: 35145494 PMCID: PMC8822148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that typically arises from premalignant precursor lesions named actinic keratoses (AK). Chronic inflammation is a well-known promoter of skin cancer progression. AK and SCC have been associated with an overabundance of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Certain secreted products from S. aureus are known to promote cutaneous pro-inflammatory responses; however, not all S. aureus strains produce these. As inflammation plays a key role in SCC development, we investigated the pro-inflammatory potential and toxin secretion profiles of skin-cancer associated S. aureus. Sterile culture supernatants (“secretomes”) of S. aureus clinical strains isolated from AK and SCC were applied to human keratinocytes in vitro. Some S. aureus secretomes induced keratinocytes to overexpress inflammatory mediators that have been linked to skin carcinogenesis, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. A large phenotypic variation between the tested clinical strains was observed. Strains that are highly pro-inflammatory in vitro also caused more pronounced skin inflammation in mice. Proteomic characterization of S. aureus secretomes using mass spectrometry established that specific S. aureus enzymes and cytolytic toxins, including hemolysins, phenol-soluble modulins, and serine proteases, as well as currently uncharacterized proteins, correlate with the pro-inflammatory S. aureus phenotype. This study is the first to describe the toxin secretion profiles of AK and SCC-associated S. aureus, and their potential to induce a pro-inflammatory environment in the skin. Further studies are needed to establish whether these S. aureus products promote SCC development by mediating chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krueger
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Chisholm
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Linedale
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Lachner
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Siok Min Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Zewen K. Tuong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel W. Lukowski
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ian H. Frazer,
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