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Gopikrishnan M, Haryini S, C GPD. Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300579. [PMID: 38308076 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life-threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial-related infections, especially outbreaks of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug-resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug-resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host-directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug-resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Haryini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Westgeest AC, Lambregts MMC, Ruffin F, Korn RE, Webster ME, Kair JL, Parsons JB, Maskarinec SA, Kaplan S, Dekkers OM, de Boer MGJ, Fowler VG, Thaden JT. Female Sex and Mortality in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e240473. [PMID: 38411961 PMCID: PMC10900971 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of death due to bacterial bloodstream infection. Female sex has been identified as a risk factor for mortality in S aureus bacteremia (SAB) in some studies, but not in others. Objective To determine whether female sex is associated with increased mortality risk in SAB. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 26, 2023. Study Selection Included studies met the following criteria: (1) randomized or observational studies evaluating adults with SAB, (2) included 200 or more patients, (3) reported mortality at or before 90 days following SAB, and (4) reported mortality stratified by sex. Studies on specific subpopulations (eg, dialysis, intensive care units, cancer patients) and studies that included patients with bacteremia by various microorganisms that did not report SAB-specific data were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 1 reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias and quality were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Mortality data were combined as odds ratios (ORs). Main Outcome and Measures Mortality at or before 90-day following SAB, stratified by sex. Results From 5339 studies retrieved, 89 were included (132 582 patients; 50 258 female [37.9%], 82 324 male [62.1%]). Unadjusted mortality data were available from 81 studies (109 828 patients) and showed increased mortality in female patients compared with male patients (pooled OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18). Adjusted mortality data accounting for additional patient characteristics and treatment variables were available from 32 studies (95 469 patients) and revealed a similarly increased mortality risk in female relative to male patients (pooled adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.27). No evidence of publication bias was encountered. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, female patients with SAB had higher mortality risk than males in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Further research is needed to study the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C. Westgeest
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Merel M. C. Lambregts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel E. Korn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maren E. Webster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jackson L. Kair
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua B. Parsons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Samantha Kaplan
- Medical Center Library and Archives, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Olaf M. Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark G. J. de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua T. Thaden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Westgeest AC, Ruffin F, Kair JL, Park LP, Korn RE, Webster ME, Visser LG, Schippers EF, de Boer MGJ, Lambregts MMC, Fowler VG. The association of female sex with management and mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1182-1187. [PMID: 37321394 PMCID: PMC11148791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association of biological female sex with outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains unresolved. The aim of this study was to determine the independent association of female sex with management and mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from the S. aureus Bacteraemia Group Prospective Cohort Study. Adult patients with monomicrobial S. aureus bacteraemia at Duke University Medical Center were enrolled from 1994 to 2020. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess differences in management and mortality between females and males. RESULTS Among 3384 patients with S. aureus bacteraemia, 1431 (42%) were women. Women were, as compared with men, more often Black (581/1431 [41%] vs. 620/1953 [32%], p < 0.001), haemodialysis dependent (309/1424 [22%] vs. 334/1940 [17%], p 0.001) and more likely to be infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (697/1410 [49%] MRSA in women vs. 840/1925 [44%] MRSA in men, p 0.001). Women received shorter durations of antimicrobial treatment (median 24 [interquartile range 14-42] vs. 28 [interquartile range 14-45] days, p 0.005), and were less likely to undergo transesophageal echocardiography as compared with men (495/1430 [35%] vs. 802/1952 [41%], p < 0.001). Despite these differences, female sex was not associated with 90-day mortality in either univariable (388/1431 [27%] in women vs. 491/1953 [25%] in men, p 0.204) or multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio for women 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.13]). DISCUSSION Despite significant differences in patient characteristics, disease characteristics, and management, women and men with S. aureus bacteraemia have a similar mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Westgeest
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jackson L Kair
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Korn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maren E Webster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G J de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel M C Lambregts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Forouzani F, Khasti T, Manzouri L, Ravangard S, Shahriarirad R, Koleini M, Ayareh N, Nikbakht G. Resistance pattern of isolated microorganisms from 783 clinical specimen cultures in patients admitted to Yasuj Educational Hospitals, Iran. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37528350 PMCID: PMC10394882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Serious infection caused mostly by gram-negative pathogens causes significant morbidity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antimicrobial resistance kills over 700,000 people worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and as a consequence, serious public health issues are arising. The present study investigated isolated clinical samples from Yasuj teaching hospitals to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to various antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microbial isolates regarding cultures from urine, blood, wound, abdominal tap, throat, stool, cerebrospinal fluid, endotracheal tube, sputum, skin lesion, nasal, and mouth secretion were collected from patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Yasuj teaching hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS A total of 783 samples were evaluated in our study, with an average of 30.6 years and 54.5% female patients. Most of the bacterial isolates were gram-negative (64.2%). The majority of cultures were Escherichia coli (49.9%), mainly among urine samples (64.2%). The frequency distribution of norfloxacin antibiotic resistance was more common in internal medicine (66.7%), infectious (63.6%), and emergency wards (58.8%). The frequency distribution of penicillin antibiotic resistance was statistically significant in different wards. All cases of oxacillin were resistant. CONCLUSION Our data showed a high level of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates in our center. Considering widespread empirical antibiotic therapy in Iran, the rate of increasing resistance to common antibiotics prescribed for ambulatory and hospitalized patients is concerning. We recommend providing more strict guidelines and policies to control the overuse and overprescription of antimicrobials by health policy-making organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzani
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahere Khasti
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Leila Manzouri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sara Ravangard
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koleini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ayareh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gordafarin Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Chiș AA, Rus LL, Morgovan C, Arseniu AM, Frum A, Vonica-Țincu AL, Gligor FG, Mureșan ML, Dobrea CM. Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics and Effective Antibiotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051121. [PMID: 35625857 PMCID: PMC9138529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the efficacy of antibiotics is severely affected by the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon, leading to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multidrug-resistant pathogens are found not only in hospital settings, but also in the community, and are considered one of the biggest public health concerns. The main mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics include changes in the drug target, prevention of entering the cell, elimination through efflux pumps or inactivation of drugs. A better understanding and prediction of resistance patterns of a pathogen will lead to a better selection of active antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections.
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Experimental Study on the Resistance of Synthetic Penicillin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Clinically Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9571286. [PMID: 34804197 PMCID: PMC8601793 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9571286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background With the increasing resistance of antibiotics to bacteria, new and effective methods are needed to transform existing antibiotics to solve the problem of long development cycles for new drugs. The antibiotic nanodelivery system has proven to be a promising strategy. Aim The purpose of this study is to synthesize penicillin solid lipid nanoparticles (penicillin SLNs) to enhance the antibacterial activity of penicillin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods Penicillin SLNs were synthesized. And particle size, the polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential (ZP) of penicillin SLNs were measured. The surface morphology of penicillin SLNs was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Results The particle size of penicillin SLNs is 112.3 ± 11.9 nm, the polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential (ZP) of penicillin SLNs are 0.212 ± 0.03 and -27.6 ± 5.5 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 98.31 ± 1.2% and 4.98 ± 0.05 (%w/w), respectively. Penicillin SLNs had a more significant inhibitory effect on the growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) after the drug and the bacteria were incubated for 12 hours. The number of MRSA colonies in the penicillin group increased after 12 hours, while the number of MRSA colonies in the penicillin SLNs group did not change significantly. Conclusion Penicillin SLNs enhance the ability of penicillin to enter cells and increase the concentration of penicillin in the cell and also extend the residence time of penicillin in the cell. Our findings indicated that penicillin SLNs enhance the inhibitory effect of penicillin on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Mama OM, Aspiroz C, Lozano C, Ruiz-Ripa L, Azcona JM, Seral C, Cercenado E, López-Cerero L, Palacian P, Belles-Belles A, Berdonces P, Siller M, Aguirre-Quiñonero A, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Penicillin susceptibility among invasive MSSA infections: a multicentre study in 16 Spanish hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2519-2527. [PMID: 34245259 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of penicillin susceptibility among MSSA causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in 16 Spanish hospitals and to characterize the penicillin-susceptible MSSA (MSSA-PENS) isolates. METHODS A total of 1011 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from blood cultures in 16 Spanish hospitals during 2018-19 (6-12 months) and their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was determined. The MSSA-PENS isolates were selected and examined by PCR to determine the presence of the blaZ gene, other resistance genes and the genes lukF/lukS-PV, eta, etb and tst. The immune evasion cluster (IEC) type was also analysed. All the MSSA-PENS isolates were submitted to S. aureus protein A (spa) typing and the clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned according to their spa type. RESULTS The prevalence of MSSA was 74.6% (754/1011) and 14.9% (151/1011) were MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative. MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates (n = 151) were ascribed to 88 spa types and 11 CCs. The most frequent CCs were CC5 (35/151) and CC398 (25/151), with t002-CC5 and t571-CC398 being the most common lineages. Pan-susceptibility was identified in 117 of the 151 MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates (77.5%). In the remaining isolates, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was the most frequent resistance found, although tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, mupirocin and/or tetracycline resistance was also detected. Thirty-eight MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates were IEC negative and four isolates were Panton-Valentine leucocidin ('PVL') positive. CONCLUSIONS A high penicillin susceptibility rate was detected among MSSA, opening therapeutic opportunities for BSIs. The emergence of new successful MSSA-PENS clones could be responsible for these data. The detection among MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates of the clonal lineage CC398 or the absence of an IEC raises questions about their possible animal origin, requiring further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Aspiroz
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Seral
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERES, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Palacian
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet/IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Belles-Belles
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain
| | | | - María Siller
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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Yang Q, Li X, Jia P, Giske C, Kahlmeter G, Turnidge J, Yu Y, Lv Y, Wang M, Sun Z, Lin J, Li Y, Zheng B, Hu F, Guo Y, Chen Z, Li H, Zhang G, Zhang J, Kang W, Duan S, Wang T, Jing R, Xu Y. Determination of norvancomycin epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:152-159. [PMID: 33057728 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) of norvancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis. METHODS We collected 1199 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species from five laboratories located in four cities in China. MICs and inhibitory zone diameters of norvancomycin were determined by broth microdilution and the disc diffusion method, separately. ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four species were calculated by ECOFFinder software following EUCAST principles. Methicillin and vancomycin resistance genes (mecA/mecC and vanA/vanB/vanC/vanD/vanE) were screened for by PCR in all isolates. Pearson correlation and χ2 test were used to calculate the correlation of MICs and inhibition zone diameters, and MICs and resistance genes, respectively. RESULTS MICs of norvancomycin for all strains from five laboratories fell in the range of 0.12-2 mg/L. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were determined to be 2 mg/L for S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus and 1 mg/L for S. aureus and S. hominis. A weak correlation was observed between MIC values and zone diameters for S. haemolyticus (r = -0.36) and S. hominis (r = -0.26), while no correlation was found for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 63.1% of Staphylococcus, whereas no isolate carried mecC, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD or vanE. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were not correlated with mecA gene carriage in Staphylococcus species. CONCLUSIONS ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four Staphylococcus species were determined, which will be helpful to differentiate WT strains. The correlation of MICs and zone diameters of norvancomycin was weak in Staphylococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Giske
- EUCAST Development Laboratory for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, c/o Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- EUCAST Development Laboratory for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, c/o Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - John Turnidge
- Pathology, Paediatrics and Molecular Biosciences, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minggui Wang
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongju Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Biocompatible hyaluronic acid-divinyl sulfone injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release with enhanced antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112102. [PMID: 33965111 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions were crosslinked with divinyl sulfone (DVS) and subsequently loaded with antibiotic molecules to obtain biocompatible and antibacterial injectable hydrogels. The crosslinking degree of the hydrogels was modulated by varying the reaction time and the HA:DVS weight ratio. Synthesized HA-DVS hydrogels were characterized by their rheological properties, pore size, swelling capacity and hydrolytic and thermal degradation. Biocompatibility was assessed by measuring pH, osmolality and by in vitro cytotoxic assay. Acetyl salicylic (AAS) loaded hydrogels display anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, whereas cefuroxime (CFX), tetracycline (TCN) and amoxicillin (AMX) loaded hydrogels show in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The combine use of antibiotics and AAS produces a synergic effect that reduces the S. aureus population up to a log10 reduction (R) of 5.55. Overall results show that antibiotic/AAS loaded HA-DVS hydrogels could be effectively used to combat S. aureus infections and to increase the antibacterial activity of antibiotics commonly used against S. aureus.
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Berezhna AV, Tertyshnyi VO, Makarova VI, Chumachenko TO. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis in biological systems of hospital environment: Antibiotic resistance patterns in regions of Ukraine. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus bacteria are ubiquitous and often circulate in the biological systems of the hospital environment. Staphylococci have developed antibiotic resistance mechanisms resulting in a significant medical and economic burden to the healthcare system. The goal of our research was to conduct a comparative analysis of resistance to antibiotics in S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates found in surgical hospitals in Kharkiv and Poltava regions. In 2013 through 2019, 151,015 and 98,754 tests were made by disc-diffusion method to identify the sensitivity in the S. aureus strains to antibiotics in Kharkiv and Poltava regions respectively. In 2013–2015, 15,589 tests were made in Kharkiv region to identify antibiotics sensitivity in S. epidermidis strains. Comparison of antibiotic resistance of the S. aureus strains in Kharkiv and Poltava regions was performed using the Pearson Chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test. The proportion of S. aureus strains resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and macrolides was higher in Kharkiv region in terms of statistical validity than in Poltava region. Overall, the proportion of S. aureus strains resistant to lincozamids, tetracycline antibiotics, and fluoroquinolones in Poltava region was higher in terms of statistical validity than in Kharkiv region. An analysis of resistance of S. aureus strains to linezolid demonstrated that in Poltava region the proportion of resistant microorganisms was higher in terms of statistical validity in 2013–2014 and in 2016–2018. In Kharkiv region, in 2013 and in 2014, 96.3% and 89.1% of isolated strains of S. aureus respectively, were resistant to vancomycin. In 2019, more than a quarter of the located isolates (26.6%) in Poltava region were resistant to this antibiotic. The analysis of the dynamic of resistance in S. epidermidis isolates demonstrated that in 2015 nearly half of the isolates located in Kharkiv region were insensitive to penicillin antibiotics. Between 2013 and 2015, the spread of resistance to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones among the S. epidermidis isolates noticeably increased. When S. epidermidis resistance to vancomycin was analyzed, a decrease in the proportion of resistant strains from 88.0% in 2013 to 8.7% in 2015 was noted. A promising direction for further research is the creation of passports of microorganism resistance in the regions and various health-care settings, as well as the creation of a unified national database network on microorganism resistance using modern methodologies for determining the phenotypes and genotypes of microorganisms.
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11
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Li Z, Zhuang H, Wang G, Wang H, Dong Y. Prevalence, predictors, and mortality of bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with malignancy: systemic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:74. [PMID: 33446122 PMCID: PMC7809798 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients are more likely to develop and die of bloodstream infection (BSI) than noncancer patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is associated with immense mortality and economic burden worldwide, is not covered by the recommended initial antibiotic therapy for cancer patients with BSI. This systemic review was performed to estimate the global methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence among bacteremia in patients with malignancy, and further study the predictors and mortality of cancer patients with MRSA bacteremia. METHODS The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published from Jan. 2000 to Mar. 2020 that provided primary data on the prevalence, predictors, or mortality of MRSA bacteremia in cancer patients. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of MRSA with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS The pooled prevalence of MRSA was 3% (95% CI 2-5%) among all bloodstream infections (BSIs) and 44% (95% CI 32-57%) among S. aureus bacteremia in cancer patients. Based on geographical stratification, the pooled prevalence was 5% in Africa (95% CI 1-14%), 1% in Americas (95% CI 1-2%), 2% in Europe (95% CI 1-4%), 4% in Western Pacific (95% CI 2-7%), 8% in South-east Asia (95% CI 4-14%) and 0% in Eastern Mediterranean (95% CI 0-3%). No significant temporal change in MRSA rates was detected in this analysis (R2 = 0.06; P = 0.24). Predictors for MRSA BSIs among cancer patients were identified by comparison with their methicillin-susceptible counterparts, and they were mainly related to healthcare-associated infections and immunosuppression. Finally, the 60-day mortality in adult cancer patients with MRSA BSIs was reported to be 12%, and the 6-month overall mortality was 43.2%, with community-onset infection, secondary BSI, and vancomycin MIC≥2 g/mL being the risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of MRSA BSIs among cancer patients is relatively low, it did not decline over time as MRSA BSIs in the general hospital population and the high mortality rate was related to MRSA BSIs in patients with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hemu Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Zeng S, Chen D, Liu G, Wu YX, Gao ZQ, Su Y, Yuan JN, Liu L, Shan JC, Pang QF, Zhu T. Salvinorin A protects against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury via Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107221. [PMID: 33293260 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salvinorin A (SA), a neoclerodane diterpene, is isolated from the dried leaves ofSalvia divinorum. SA has traditionally been used treatments for chronic pain diseases. Recent research has demonstrated that SA possesses the anti-inflammatory property. The present study aim to explore the effects and potentialmechanisms ofSA in protection against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we firstly found that verylowdosesof SA (50 μg/kg) could markedly decrease the infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and then attenuated ALI cause by MRSA infection in mice. In vitro findings revealed that SA attenuated lipoteichoicacid-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism research revealed that SA increased both mRNA levels and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and up-regulated mRNA expression of its downstream genes (HO-1, Gclm, Trx-1, SOD1 and SOD2). Additionally, Nrf2 knockout mice abolished the inhibitory effect of SA on neutrophil accumulation and oxidative stress in MRSA-induced ALI. In conclusion, SA attenuates MRSA-induced ALI via Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Su
- Library, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jia-Ning Yuan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jia-Chen Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing-Feng Pang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Aspiroz C, Mama OM, Martínez-Álvarez RM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Ceballos S, Torres C. Bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus sensible a penicilina. Importancia epidemiológica, clínica y posibles implicaciones terapéuticas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:434-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Yoshida J, Tamura T, Otani K, Inoue M, Miyatake E, Ishimitsu T, Nakahara C, Tanaka M. Mortality related to drug-resistant organisms in surgical sepsis-3: an 8-year time trend study using sequential organ failure assessment scores. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:535-540. [PMID: 32954476 PMCID: PMC7892503 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The difference in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores from the baseline to sepsis is a known predictor of sepsis-3 outcome, but the prognostic value of drug-resistant organisms for mortality is unexplained. We employed sepsis stewardship and herein report an observational study. Study subjects were patients admitted to the Departments of Surgery/Chest Surgery from 2011 through 2018 with a diagnosis of sepsis and a SOFA score of 2 or more. Our sepsis stewardship methods included antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship and infection control. We determined the primary endpoint as in-hospital death and the secondary endpoint as the annual trend of the risk-adjusted mortality ratio (RAMR). For mortality, we performed logistic regression analysis based on SOFA score, age, sex, comorbid disease, and the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor–producing bacteria. In a total of 457 patients, two factors were significant predictors for fatality, i.e., SOFA score of 9 or more with an odds ratio (OR) 4.921 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.968–12.302 (P = 0.001) and presence of MRSA with an OR 1.83 and 95% CI 1.003–3.338 (P = 0.049). RAMR showed a decrease during the study years (P < 0.05). Early detection of MRSA may help patients survive surgical sepsis-3. Thus, MRSA-oriented diagnosis may play a role in expediting treatment with anti-MRSA antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Tamura
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Otani
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inoue
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyatake
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishimitsu
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakahara
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Surgery/Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, 1-13-1 Koyo-cho, Shimonoseki, 750-8520, Japan
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15
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Monnier AA, Tacconelli E, Årdal C, Cavaleri M, Gyssens IC. A case study on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: available treatment options, antibiotic R&D and responsible antibiotic-use strategies. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa034. [PMID: 34222996 PMCID: PMC8210125 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This case study addresses: (i) antibiotic treatment options for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB), for both empirical and targeted therapy; (ii) the current status of and priorities for the antibiotic pipeline to ensure access of effective antibiotics for SAB; and (iii) strategies for responsible antibiotic use relevant to the clinical management of SAB. Methods Evidence to address the aims was extracted from the following information sources: (i) EUCAST and CLSI recommendations, summaries of product characteristics (SPCs), antibiotic treatment guidelines and the textbook Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics; (ii) the www.clinicaltrial.gov database; and (iii) quality indicators for responsible antibiotic use. Results Current monotherapy treatment options for SAB include only three drug classes (β-lactams, glycopeptides and lipopeptides), of which two also cover MRSA bacteraemia (glycopeptides and lipopeptides). The analysis of the antibiotic pipeline and ongoing clinical trials revealed that several new antibiotics with S. aureus (including MRSA) coverage were developed in the past decade (2009–19). However, none belonged to a new antibiotic class or had superior effectiveness and their added clinical value for SAB remains to be proven. Responsible antibiotic use for the treatment of SAB was illustrated using 11 quality indicators. Conclusions Awareness of the problem of a limited antibiotic arsenal, together with incentives (e.g. push incentives), is needed to steer the R&D landscape towards the development of novel and effective antibiotics for treating SAB. In the meantime, responsible antibiotic use guided by quality indicators should preserve the effectiveness of currently available antibiotics for treating SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie A Monnier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology and Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christine Årdal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Inge C Gyssens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology and Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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16
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Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:107. [PMID: 32257966 PMCID: PMC7089872 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the second most important cause of human death worldwide; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a very common human pathogenic microorganism that can trigger a variety of infectious diseases, such as skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and lethal pneumonia. Moreover, according to the sensitivity to antibiotic drugs, S. aureus can be divided into methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In recent decades, due to the evolution of bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics, the drug resistance of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide, and the clinical anti-infective treatment for MRSA has become more difficult. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the resistance mechanisms of S. aureus are very complex, especially for MRSA, which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. Therefore, understanding the drug resistance of MRSA in a timely manner and elucidating its drug resistance mechanism at the molecular level are of great significance for the treatment of S. aureus infection. A large number of researchers believe that analyzing the molecular characteristics of S. aureus can help provide a basis for designing effective prevention and treatment measures against hospital infections caused by S. aureus and further monitor the evolution of S. aureus. This paper reviews the research status of MSSA and MRSA, the detailed mechanisms of the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the acquired antibiotic resistance, the advanced research on anti-MRSA antibiotics and novel therapeutic strategies for MRSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghui Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Hosseini M, Shapouri Moghaddam A, Derakhshan S, Hashemipour SMA, Hadadi-Fishani M, Pirouzi A, Khaledi A. Correlation Between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA and MSSA Isolated from Clinical Samples in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1071-1080. [PMID: 32159447 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed at reviewing the correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Materials and Methods: This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), and Scopus databases. Combinations of Mesh terms such as "biofilms" OR "biofilm formation," AND "Drug Resistance" OR "Antimicrobial Drug Resistance" OR "Antibiotic Resistance" AND "Staphylococcus aureus" OR "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" or "MRSA" AND "Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus" OR "MSSA" AND "biofilm-related genes" AND "Prevalence" AND "Iran" were searched. Two reviewers independently searched the databases. Analyses were performed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The random-effects model was used to obtain the combined prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The combined prevalence of MRSA retrieved from Iranian clinical samples was 48.3% (95% CI: 40.8-55.9). The pooled rate of biofilm formation in MRSA strains was reported as 80.9% (95% CI: 67.8-89.4). Overall, 52.9%, 45.3%, and 22.5% of MRSA isolates were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, respectively. The highest frequency of biofilm-related genes was observed for icaD gene (67.7%) followed by clfA gene with a frequency of 64.7%. Among seven studies that addressed the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, six reported positive associations. Conclusions: Regarding the MRSA strains, they had a significantly higher ability of biofilm formation than MSSA strains; therefore, preventive measures against infections caused by them are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam
- BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Solmaz Derakhshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hadadi-Fishani
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliyar Pirouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Gerash Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Azad Khaledi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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18
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Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:107. [PMID: 32257966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the second most important cause of human death worldwide; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a very common human pathogenic microorganism that can trigger a variety of infectious diseases, such as skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and lethal pneumonia. Moreover, according to the sensitivity to antibiotic drugs, S. aureus can be divided into methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In recent decades, due to the evolution of bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics, the drug resistance of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide, and the clinical anti-infective treatment for MRSA has become more difficult. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the resistance mechanisms of S. aureus are very complex, especially for MRSA, which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. Therefore, understanding the drug resistance of MRSA in a timely manner and elucidating its drug resistance mechanism at the molecular level are of great significance for the treatment of S. aureus infection. A large number of researchers believe that analyzing the molecular characteristics of S. aureus can help provide a basis for designing effective prevention and treatment measures against hospital infections caused by S. aureus and further monitor the evolution of S. aureus. This paper reviews the research status of MSSA and MRSA, the detailed mechanisms of the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the acquired antibiotic resistance, the advanced research on anti-MRSA antibiotics and novel therapeutic strategies for MRSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghui Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Wu M, Tong X, Liu S, Wang D, Wang L, Fan H. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Chinese population: A system review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223599. [PMID: 31647842 PMCID: PMC6812772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To comprehensively determine the prevalence of MRSA in healthy Chinese population, the influencing factors of MRSA colonization and its antibiotic resistance. Methods Articles that studied prevalence or influencing factors of MRSA carriage in healthy Chinese population were retrieved from PubMed, Ovid database, three Chinese electronic databases. The pooled prevalence of MRSA, its antibiotic resistance and influencing factors were analyzed by STATA12.0. Results 37 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was 21.2% (95% CI: 18.5%-23.9%), and the prevalence of S.aureus was 15% (95% CI: 10%-19%), with a significant heterogeneity (MRSA: I2 = 97.6%, P<0.001; S.aureus: I2 = 98.4%, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of MRSA was 28% (95%CI: 10%-51%) for Livestock-related workers, 18% (95%CI: 11%-26%) for children, 20% (95%CI: 12%-29%) for healthcare workers, 7% (95%CI: 3%-13%) for community residents. The prevalence of MRSA in studies with oxacillin disk diffusion method (28%, 95%CI: 21%-35%) seemed higher than that with the mecA gene method(12%, 95%CI: 7%-19%). MRSA in studies conducted in Taiwan was more common than in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Similar results were found in meta-regression. Influencing factors for MRSA colonization were noted in seven eligible studies, they included younger age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 2.38–5.26; OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.73–2.9), attending day care centers (DCCs) (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.4–2.72; OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.2–1.95), flu vaccination (OR:1.73, 95% CI: 1.28–2.35), using antibiotics within the past year (OR: 2.05, 95% CI:1.35–3.11), residing in northern Taiwan (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.19–1.77), regular visits to health care facility (OR: 23.83, 95% CI: 2.72–209.01), household member working in health care facility (OR: 8.98, 95% CI:1.4–55.63), and contact with livestock (OR: 6.31, 95% CI: 3.44–11.57). Moreover, MRSA was found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 100, 93, 88, and 75%, respectively. However, no resistance were noted to vancomycin. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of MRSA was considerably high in health Chinese population. Additionally, these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Public MRSA protection measures and the surveillance of MRSA should be strengthened to reduce the spread of MRSA among hospitals, communities, and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongguang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Gordon O, Cohen MJ, Gross I, Amit S, Averbuch D, Engelhard D, Milstone AM, Moses AE. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children: Antibiotic Resistance and Mortality. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:459-463. [PMID: 30239476 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a major cause of bacteremia in children. Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) is considered a public health threat; however, the differences in the prognosis of children with methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) versus MRSA bacteremia are not well defined. METHODS Data from all SA bacteremia events in children (0-16 years) from 2002 to 2016 in a single Israeli tertiary center were collected. Positive cultures within 48 hours of hospitalization were considered community associated (CA). Those obtained afterward or from children hospitalized within the previous year were considered health-care associated (HA). RESULTS We recorded 427 events, 284 (66%) were HA, 64 (15%) were MRSA and 9 (2%) were CA-MRSA. There was no increase in MRSA during the study period. In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality were 3% (12 cases), 3.5% (16 cases), and 12% (50 cases), respectively. A multivariable analysis controlling for demographics, admitting department and prior morbidity showed an increased 1-year mortality in children with HA bacteremia (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-12) and prior chronic disease (HR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 9.0). MRSA was not independently associated with increased one-year mortality compared with MSSA: HR (95% CI: 1.4 [0.6-3.1]). CONCLUSIONS Short-term pediatric mortality after SA bacteremia is low. HA-SA bacteremia has an increased long-term risk for mortality, particularly in children with chronic diseases. Our data suggest mortality was not increased for MRSA compared with MSSA bacteremia. The very low rate of CA-MRSA bacteremia justifies the current practice not to include glycopeptides in the empiric treatment of CA bacteremia in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Gordon
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matan J Cohen
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.,Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itai Gross
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
| | - Dina Averbuch
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Engelhard
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allon E Moses
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
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Spa type distribution in MRSA and MSSA bacteremias and association of spa clonal complexes with the clinical characteristics of bacteremia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:937-943. [PMID: 29428976 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The genetic distribution of invasive methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has to be addressed in order to target infection control strategies. A large MRSA epidemic caused by a certain MRSA strain (spa type 067) broke out in 2001 in our health district. We wanted to investigate the current spa type distribution in MRSA and MSSA bacteremias and assess the potential association of spa clonal complexes (spaCC) with the clinical characteristics of S. aureus bacteremia. One hundred nine invasive MRSA isolates and 353 invasive MSSA isolates were spa typed and grouped into clonal complexes (spaCC). Spa type distribution was compared to that of colonizing MRSA strains. Spa type and spaCC data linked to clinical information on the course of bacteremic cases was used to search for differences in virulence between strains. Spa type distribution in MRSA is less heterogenic than in MSSA. t067 dominates both in MRSA colonisations and in invasive findings. Among MSSA, no such dominating strains were found. Of spaCCs, mortality was the highest in spaCC 067 (25.6%). SpaCC 008 was more often associated with endocarditis than other CCs (22.7 vs 5.8%, p = 0.013), spaCC 2133 with skin infections (68.4 vs 36.4%, p = 0.007), and spaCC 012 with foreign body infections (25.0 vs 9.3%, p = 0.029) than other clonal complexes. A single successful strain can explain the major proportion of MRSA among S. aureus bacteremias. Certain spaCCs showed association with certain clinical characteristics. These findings suggest that S. aureus strains differ in their virulence and invasiveness.
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Jokinen E, Laine J, Huttunen R, Lyytikäinen O, Vuento R, Vuopio J, Syrjänen J. Trends in incidence and resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia . Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 50:52-58. [PMID: 29161942 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1405276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) causes a significant burden on the population. Several infection control measures have been implemented in Pirkanmaa county to combat a local epidemic with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We aimed to study the epidemiology of SAB and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and the possible influence of improved infection control. METHODS Register data from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively analysed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility, the incidence and mortality in SAB in a population-based setting. RESULTS The incidence of SAB increased during the study period from 21.6 to 35.8/100,000 population. The number of both health care-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) cases has increased. The incidence of MSSA bacteremia increased from 19.9 to 35.2/100,000 population in Pirkanmaa in parallel to other parts of Finland. The incidence of MRSA bacteremia was 10-fold (4.5/100,000 population) higher in 2011 than in other parts of the country, but sank to the national level (0.59/100,000 population) in 2015. The fatality rate decreased from 22% to 17%. The proportion of penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (PSSA) increased from 23.9% in 2008 to 43.1% in 2015. CONCLUSION The incidence of both HA and CA SAB has increased since 2005. Conversely, the proportion of MRSA and PRSA bacteremia has decreased. Promotion of infection control measures may have reduced the incidence of MRSA bacteremia but not the overall incidence of SAB. The rising proportion of PSSA enables the use of targeted, narrow spectrum antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Jokinen
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Janne Laine
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Reetta Huttunen
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Outi Lyytikäinen
- b Department of Health Security , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Risto Vuento
- c Department of Clinical Microbiology , Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Jaana Vuopio
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.,e Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Jaana Syrjänen
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland.,f Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
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Asgeirsson H, Thalme A, Weiland O. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and endocarditis - epidemiology and outcome: a review. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 50:175-192. [PMID: 29105519 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1392039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) and endocarditis (SAE), and discuss the short- and long-term outcome. Materials and methods: A literature review of the epidemiology of SAB and SAE. RESULTS The reported incidence of SAB in Western countries is 16-41/100,000 person-years. Increasing incidence has been observed in many regions, in Iceland by 27% during 1995-2008. The increase is believed to depend on changes in population risk factors and possibly better and more frequent utilization of diagnostic procedures. S. aureus is now the leading causes of infective endocarditis (IE) in many regions of the world. It accounts for 15-40% of all IE cases, and the majority of cases in people who inject drugs (PWID). Recently, the incidence of SAE in PWID in Stockholm, Sweden, was found to be 2.5/1000 person-years, with an in-hospital mortality of 2.5% in PWID as compared to 15% in non-drug users. The 30-day mortality associated with SAB amounts to 15-25% among adults in Western countries, but is lower in children (0-9%). Mortality associated with SAE is high (generally 20-30% in-hospital mortality), and symptomatic cerebral embolizations are common (12-35%). The 1-year mortality reported after SAB and SAE is 19-62% and reflects deaths from underlying diseases and complications caused by the infection. In a subset of SAE cases, valvular heart surgery is needed (15-45%), but active intravenous drug use seems to be a reason to refrain from surgery. Despite its importance, there are insufficient data on the optimal management of SAB and SAE, especially on the required duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: The epidemiology of SAB and SAE has been changing in the past decades. They still carry a substantial morbidity and mortality. Intensified studies on treatment are warranted for improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmir Asgeirsson
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anders Thalme
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ola Weiland
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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