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Waqar MA, Mubarak N, Khan AM, Khan R, Shaheen F, Shabbir A. Advanced polymers and recent advancements on gastroretentive drug delivery system; a comprehensive review. J Drug Target 2024; 32:655-671. [PMID: 38652465 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oral route of drug administration is typically the initial option for drug administration because it is both practical and affordable. However, major drawback of this route includes the release of drug at a specified place thus reduces the bioavailability. This could be overcome by utilising the gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRRDS). Prolonged stomach retention improves bioavailability and increases solubility for medicines that are unable to dissolve in high pH environments. Many recent advancements in the floating, bio adhesive, magnetic, expandable, raft forming and ion exchange systems have been made that had led towards advanced form of drug delivery. From the past few years, floating drug delivery system has been most commonly utilised for the delivery of drug in a delayed manner. Various polymers have been utilised for manufacturing of these systems, including alginates, chitosan, pectin, carrageenan's, xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbomer, polyethylene oxide and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. Chitosan, pectin and xanthan gum have been found to be most commonly used polymers in the manufacturing of drug inclusion complex for gastroretentive drug delivery. This study aimed to define various types and advanced polymers as well as also highlights recent advances and future perspectives of gastroretentive drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mubarak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asad Majeed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabeel Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Shaheen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Shabbir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Ikuta S, Nakagawa H, Kai T, Sugano K. Development of bicarbonate buffer flow-through cell dissolution test and its application in prediction of in vivo performance of colon targeting tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106326. [PMID: 36347443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a bicarbonate buffer flow-through cell (FTC) dissolution test. Mesalazine colon targeting tablets of a generic development product (test formulation, TF; Mesalazine 400 mg tablet) and the original product (reference formulation, RF; Asacol® 400 mg tablet) were used as model formulations. A clinical bioequivalence (BE) study was conducted on 48 healthy male subjects under fasting conditions. The oral absorption time profiles were calculated by point-area deconvolution. The compendial paddle and FTC apparatus were used for dissolution tests. Bicarbonate or phosphate-citrate buffer solutions (McIlvaine buffer) were used as the dissolution media. A floating lid was used to maintain the pH value of the bicarbonate buffer solution in the vessel (paddle) or the reservoir (FTC). In the development of bicarbonate FTC method, the pH changes of bicarbonate buffer solution (pH 5.5-7.5; 5-50 mM bicarbonate) were evaluated. For the evaluation of colon targeting tablets, the dissolution profiles of TF and RF were measured at a pH of 7.5. The TF and RF formulations were exposed to 0.01 HCl (pH 2.0) for 2 h before pH 7.5. In the clinical BE study, drug dissolution started 4-8 h after oral administration and continued slowly more than 10 h. Both the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of TF were approximately twice as high as those of RF. In the development of the bicarbonate FTC method, the pH change of the bicarbonate buffer solution was suppressed by the floating lid within ∆pH < 0.1 over 10 h. In the dissolution test of McIlvaine buffer solutions, TF and RF showed faster disintegration and higher dissolution than those observed in the clinical BE study. When using the paddle apparatus the dissolution profiles of TF and RF in both buffer solutions were not consistent with those of the clinical result. In bicarbonate FTC, the disintegration time, dissolution rate, and dissolution inequivalence between TF and RF were consistent with the results of the clinical BE study. In conclusion, the bicarbonate FTC method was constructed for the first time in this study. This method is simple and practically useful for predicting in vivo performance of colon targeting tablets during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ikuta
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Department, Nipro corporation, 3023, Noji-Cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0055, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Department, Nipro corporation, 3023, Noji-Cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0055, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kai
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Department, Nipro corporation, 3023, Noji-Cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0055, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Formulation of a Gastroretentive In Situ Oral Gel Containing Metformin HCl Based on DoE. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091777. [PMID: 36145525 PMCID: PMC9504191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A gastroretentive in situ oral gel containing metformin hydrochloride (Met HCl) was prepared based on sodium alginate (Sod ALG), calcium carbonate, and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). The optimal composition of the formulation was explored based on the design of experiments (DoE). First, a 32 full factorial design was used for formulation E1 to determine proper composition of Sod ALG and calcium carbonate. Second, a circumscribed central composite design was employed to add HEC as a thickening agent (formulation E2). The dissolution rates at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min were used as responses. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated the effect of each component in delaying the release of Met HCl in the oral gel formulation. The optimized formulation E2-08 consisting of 1.88% Sod ALG, 0.63% HEC, and 1.00% calcium carbonate and two more formulations, E2-10 and E2-12 conformed to USP monograph for extended release. Other physicochemical properties, including floating lag time and duration, viscosity, and pH, measured for each batch and FT-IR spectrometry analysis showed no unexpected interaction between Met HCl and excipients. The current study suggests the potential use of a gastroretentive in situ oral gel for Met HCl helping patient compliance. This study highlights that a systematic approach based on DoE allows the formulation optimization.
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The Development of Innovative Dosage Forms of the Fixed-Dose Combination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040834. [PMID: 35456668 PMCID: PMC9025674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative forms of combination drugs is closely related to the invention of the multilayer tablet press, polymers for pharmaceutical applications, the hot-melt extrusion process, and 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, combining multiple drugs within the same dosage form can bring many physicochemical and pharmacodynamic interactions. More and more new forms of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been developed due to work to overcome the incompatibility of active substances or to obtain different drug release profiles in the same dosage form. This review provides discussions of the application of various innovation formulation technologies of FDC drugs such as bilayer system, multilayer tablet, active film coating, hot-melt extrusion, and 3D printing, taking into account the characteristics of the key ingredients in the FDC formulation and presenting technological problems and challenges related to the development of combination drugs. Moreover, the article summarizes the range of dosage forms that have been made using these technologies over the past 30 years.
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Akhtar M, Jamshaid M, Zaman M, Mirza AZ. Bilayer tablets: A developing novel drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mwila C, Walker RB. Improved Stability of Rifampicin in the Presence of Gastric-Resistant Isoniazid Microspheres in Acidic Media. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030234. [PMID: 32151053 PMCID: PMC7150845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of rifampicin (RIF) in an acidic medium to form 3-formyl rifamycin SV, a poorly absorbed compound, is accelerated in the presence of isoniazid, contributing to the poor bioavailability of rifampicin. This manuscript presents a novel approach in which isoniazid is formulated into gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres and RIF into microporous floating sustained-release microspheres to reduce the potential for interaction between RIF and isoniazid (INH) in an acidic environment. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate and Eudragit® L100 polymers were used for the manufacture of isoniazid-loaded gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres using an o/o solvent emulsification evaporation approach. Microporous floating sustained-release microspheres for the delivery of rifampicin in the stomach were manufactured using emulsification and a diffusion/evaporation process. The design of experiments was used to evaluate the impact of input variables on predefined responses or quality attributes of the microspheres. The percent degradation of rifampicin following 12 h dissolution testing in 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2 in the presence of isoniazid gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres was only 4.44%. These results indicate that the degradation of rifampicin in the presence of isoniazid in acidic media can be reduced by encapsulation of both active pharmaceutical ingredients to ensure release in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, potentially improving the bioavailability of rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiluba Mwila
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Roderick B. Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Miller JH, Danielson T, Pithawalla YB, Brown AP, Wilkinson C, Wagner K, Aldeek F. Method development and validation of dissolution testing for nicotine release from smokeless tobacco products using flow-through cell apparatus and UPLC-PDA. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Lowinger MB, Maier EY, Williams RO, Zhang F. Hydrophilic Poly(urethanes) Are an Effective Tool for Gastric Retention Independent of Drug Release Rate. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1967-1977. [PMID: 32087181 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyclovir is a poorly permeable, short half-life drug with poor colonic absorption, and current conventional controlled release formulations are unable to decrease the frequency of administration. We designed acyclovir dosage forms to be administered less frequently by being retained in the stomach and releasing drug over an extended duration. We developed a conventional modified-release matrix tablet to sustain the release of acyclovir and surrounded it with a hydrophilic poly(urethane) layer. When hydrated, the porous poly(urethane) swells to a size near or beyond that of the relaxed pylorus diameter and does not affect drug release rate. We demonstrated that the formulation is retained in the stomach for extended durations as it slowly releases drug, allowing for similar area under the curve but delayed tmax relative to a nongastroretentive control tablet. Unlike many other gastroretentive formulations, this dosage form design decouples drug release rate from gastric retention time, allowing them to be modulated independently. It also effectively retains in the stomach regardless of the prandial state, differentiating from other approaches. Our direct observation of excised rat stomachs allowed for a rigorous assessment of the impact of polymer swelling extent and the prandial state on both the dosage form integrity and retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Lowinger
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712; MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Esther Y Maier
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Feng Zhang
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712.
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9
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Formulation Optimization for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System of Carvedilol Cocrystals Using Design of Experiment. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Srivastava SK, Clergeaud G, Andresen TL, Boisen A. Micromotors for drug delivery in vivo: The road ahead. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:41-55. [PMID: 30236447 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autonomously propelled/externally guided micromotors overcome current drug delivery challenges by providing (a) higher drug loading capacity, (b) localized delivery (less toxicity), (c) enhanced tissue penetration and (d) active maneuvering in vivo. These microscale drug delivery systems can exploit biological fluids, as well as exogenous stimuli, like light-NIR, ultrasound and magnetic fields (or a combination of these), towards propulsion/drug release. Ability of these wireless drug carriers towards localized targeting and controlled drug release, makes them a lucrative candidate for drug administration in complex microenvironments (like solid tumors or gastrointestinal tract). In this report, we discuss these microscale drug delivery systems for their therapeutic benefits under in vivo setting and provide a design-application rationale towards greater clinical significance. Also, a proof-of-concept depicting 'microbots-in-a-capsule' towards oral drug delivery has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Srivastava
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Meenarathi B, Jeyaselvi J, Sowmiya S, Tung KL, Anbarasan R. Synthesis, characterization and drug release activity of poly(epichlorohydrin-g-furosemide) system. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Choi YJ, Lee DH, Choi MG, Lee SJ, Kim SK, Song GA, Rhee PL, Jung HY, Kang DH, Lee YC, Lee SH, Choi SC, Shim KN, Seol SY, Moon JS, Shin YW, Kim HS, Lee ST, Cho JW, Choi EK, Lee OY, Jang JS. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of DA-9601 versus Its New Formulation, DA-5204, in Patients with Gastritis: Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Study. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1807-1813. [PMID: 28960033 PMCID: PMC5639061 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.11.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of DA-9601 (Dong-A ST Co., Seoul, Korea) and its new formulation, DA-5204 (Dong-A ST Co.), for treating erosive gastritis. This phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority trial randomly assigned 434 patients with endoscopically proven gastric mucosal erosions into two groups: DA-9601 3 times daily or DA-5,204 twice daily for 2 weeks. The final analysis included 421 patients (DA-5204, 209; DA-9601, 212). The primary endpoint (rate of effective gastric erosion healing) and secondary endpoints (cure rate of endoscopic erosion and gastrointestinal [GI] symptom relief) were assessed using endoscopy after the treatment. Drug-related adverse events (AEs), including GI symptoms, were also compared. At week 2, gastric healing rates with DA-5204 and DA-9601 were 42.1% (88/209) and 42.5% (90/212), respectively. The difference between the groups was -0.4% (95% confidence interval, -9.8% to 9.1%), which was above the non-inferiority margin of -14%. The cure rate of gastric erosion in both groups was 37.3%. The improvement rates of GI symptoms with DA-5204 and DA-9601 were 40.4% and 40.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in both secondary endpoints. AEs were reported in 18 (8.4%) patients in the DA-5204 group and 19 (8.8%) in the DA-9601 group. Rates of AE were not different between the two groups. No serious AE or adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurred. These results demonstrate the non-inferiority of DA-5204 compared to DA-9601. DA-5204 is as effective as DA-9601 in the treatment of erosive gastritis. Registered randomized clinical trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02282670).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Myung Gyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Kook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Geun Am Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Poong Lyul Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwoon Yong Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suck Chei Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin Woong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Oh Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Porwal A, Dwivedi H, Pathak K. Decades of research in drug targeting using gastroretentive drug delivery systems for antihypertensive therapy. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Porwal
- Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, India
| | | | - Kamla Pathak
- Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, India
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14
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Overview on gastroretentive drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:144-58. [PMID: 27173823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, many efforts have been made in order to improve drug bioavailability after oral administration. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are a good example; they emerged to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of drugs with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract and/or to promote local activity in the stomach and duodenum. Several strategies are used to increase the gastric residence time, namely bioadhesive or mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, high-density systems, floating systems, superporous hydrogels and magnetic systems. The present review highlights some of the drugs that can benefit from gastroretentive strategies, such as the factors that influence gastric retention time and the mechanism of action of gastroretentive systems, as well as their classification into single and multiple unit systems.
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15
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Vo AQ, Feng X, Morott JT, Pimparade MB, Tiwari RV, Zhang F, Repka MA. A novel floating controlled release drug delivery system prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 98:108-21. [PMID: 26643801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Floating dosage forms are an important formulation strategy for drugs with a narrow absorption window and low intestinal solubility, and for localized gastric treatment. Novel floating pellets were prepared using the hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. Uniformly foamed strands were created by liquid injection pumping and screw configuration modification. The ammonio methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit® RSPO) foaming structure was formed by a liquid-vapor phase transition inside the strand upon die exiting resulting from the sudden decrease in external pressure, vaporizing the liquid ethanol and vacating the extruded material. This generated uniform vacuous regions in the extrudate. The pellets' internal structure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formulation constituents' and processing parameters' effects on the drug release profiles, floating force, and the pellets' micromeritic properties were evaluated by design of experiments: all formulations showed zero lag time and excellent floating strength, indicating immediate-floating pellet formation. The pellets' drug release profiles were controlled by multiple independent variables at different time points (⩽ 24 h). Drug loading significantly affected drug release within the first hour, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) content thereafter. Understanding the variables' effects on the formulations allows for the tailoring of this delivery system to obtain various drug release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Q Vo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joseph T Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Manjeet B Pimparade
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Roshan V Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Singhavi DJ, Khan S, Yeole PG. Improvement of dissolution behavior of poorly water soluble drugs by biodegradable polymeric submicron carriers containing sparingly methylated β-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:941-949. [PMID: 23392967 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop submicron carriers of two drugs that are practically insoluble in water, i.e. meloxicam and aceclofenac, to improve their dissolution behavior. The phase solubility of the drugs was studied using different concentrations of sparingly methylated β-cyclodextrin, Kleptose(®) Crysmeβ (Crysmeb), in the presence and absence of 0.2 % w/v water-soluble chitosan. Drug-loaded submicron particles (SMPs) were prepared using chitosan chlorhydrate and Crysmeb by the ionotropic gelation method. The SMPs were characterized in terms of powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, size determination, process yield, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology and in vitro release. The drug loading in the SMPs was enhanced in the presence of Crysmeb. The in vitro drug release was found to be enhanced with SMPs prepared using higher concentrations of Crysmeb. These results indicate that SMPs formed from chitosan chlorhydrate and Crysmeb are promising submicron carriers for enhancing the dissolution of meloxicam and aceclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilesh J Singhavi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
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Klausner EA, Lavy E, Stepensky D, Cserepes E, Barta M, Friedman M, Hoffman A. Furosemide Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics following Gastroretentive Dosage Form Administration to Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270003254575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Darandale SS, Vavia PR. Design of a gastroretentive mucoadhesive dosage form of furosemide for controlled release. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Thakar K, Joshi G, Sawant KK. Bioavailability enhancement of baclofen by gastroretentive floating formulation: statistical optimization,in vitroandin vivopharmacokinetic studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:880-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.709249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Salústio PJ, Pontes P, Conduto C, Sanches I, Carvalho C, Arrais J, Marques HMC. Advanced technologies for oral controlled release: cyclodextrins for oral controlled release. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:1276-92. [PMID: 21948320 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, by means of inclusion complexes formation, with the following advantages for the drugs: (1) solubility, dissolution rate, stability, and bioavailability enhancement; (2) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (3) to reduce or prevent gastrointestinal side effects and unpleasant smell or taste, to prevent drug-drug or drug-additive interactions, or even to convert oil and liquid drugs into microcrystalline or amorphous powders. A more recent trend focuses on the use of CDs as nanocarriers, a strategy that aims to design versatile delivery systems that can encapsulate drugs with better physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the applications of the CDs and their hydrophilic derivatives on the solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs in order to increase their dissolution rate and get immediate release, as well as their ability to control (to prolong or to delay) the release of drugs from solid dosage forms, either as complexes with the hydrophilic (e.g., as osmotic pumps) and/or hydrophobic CDs. New controlled delivery systems based on nanotechnology carriers (nanoparticles and conjugates) have also been reviewed.
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Effect of formulation parameters on the drug release and floating properties of gastric floating two-layer tablets with acetylsalicylic acid. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2011; 61:303-12. [PMID: 21945909 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-011-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Floating dosage forms of acetylsalicylic acid, used for its antithrombotic effect, were developed to prolong gastric residence time and increase bioavailability. In the two-layer tablet formulation, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of high viscosity and an effervescent mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate formed the floating layer. The release layer contained the drug, direct tableting agent and different types of matrix-forming polymers such as HPMC of low viscosity, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and chitosan. Tablets were prepared using a direct compression technique. The effect of formulation variables on physicochemical and floating properties and the drug release from tablets were investigated. Floating ability was dependent on the amount of effervescent agent and gel-forming polymer of the floating layer. Drug release was prolonged to 8 hours by changing the type and viscosity of the matrix-forming polymer in the drug-loading layer and all formulations showed a diffusion release mechanisms.
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Diuretic bioactivity optimization of furosemide in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:314-9. [PMID: 21571067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Furosemide is a loop diuretic widely used by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) to rid excess body water, reducing blood pressure, and mobilizing edemas. However, due to the narrow window of furosemide absorption, occurring only in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, only immediate release oral formulations are clinically available. Comparisons of bolus and continuous administration of furosemide in intravenous settings demonstrate that continuous administration at lower concentrations produced greater diuretic efficiency and reduced subsequent hospitalization rates in patients experiencing severe CHF. We report a systematic investigation of the diuretic bioactivity profiles of phase inversion micronized furosemide and furosemide co-precipitated with Eudragit L100, as well as their blends with stock furosemide, targeted at reducing the rapid spike in diuresis associated with immediate release formulations while maintaining cumulative urine output. Of the formulations tested, an equal parts blend of micronized furosemide and stock furosemide demonstrated optimal diuretic bioactivity profiles in a rat model.
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23
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Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. In vitro Evaluation of Acyclovir/Chitosan Floating Systems. MATERIALS 2010; 3:5195-5211. [PMID: 28883376 PMCID: PMC5445812 DOI: 10.3390/ma3125195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) floating lyophilized formulations (L) for gastric drug delivery of acyclovir (ACV) have been developed. The freeze-dried formulations were obtained from acidic aqueous suspensions prepared with different ACV/CS ratios. No changes in ACV crystallinity were observed during X-ray diffraction powder studies as a consequence of the manufacturing process. Considering that fed and fasted states modified the intragastric pH, swelling and in vitro dissolution studies were carried out in different acidic media (0.1 M HCl and progressive pH medium) in order to understand the influence of these physiological states on ACV/CS formulations. Swelling behavior of the floating lyophilized formulations was dependent on CS and ACV proportions within L and on medium nature due to pH dependent CS solubility. Furthermore, no interactions between ACV and CS were detected in solid state according to the X-ray studies. In vitro dissolution of ACV from L was influenced by the swelling behavior. However, it is feasible to optimize the ACV/CS ratios to achieve a desired formulation that releases the total quantity of ACV at a specific time. Moreover, floatability was assessed by buoyancy tests. The results demonstrated that the freeze-drying process achieved effective floating systems capable of remaining within the stomach while the total amount of ACV is released from L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - María D Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Biotransformaciones Industriales, Parque Científico de Madrid PTM, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Barmpalexis P, Kachrimanis K, Georgarakis E. Solid dispersions in the development of a nimodipine floating tablet formulation and optimization by artificial neural networks and genetic programming. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 77:122-31. [PMID: 20934511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of nimodipine-polyethylene glycol solid dispersions for the development of effervescent controlled release floating tablet formulations. The physical state of the dispersed nimodipine in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and polarized light microscopy, and the mixture proportions of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), effervescent agents (EFF) and nimodipine were optimized in relation to drug release (% release at 60 min, and time at which the 90% of the drug was dissolved) and floating properties (tablet's floating strength and duration), employing a 25-run D-optimal mixture design combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic programming (GP). It was found that nimodipine exists as mod I microcrystals in the solid dispersions and is stable for at least a three-month period. The tablets showed good floating properties and controlled release profiles, with drug release proceeding via the concomitant operation of swelling and erosion of the polymer matrix. ANNs and GP both proved to be efficient tools in the optimization of the tablet formulation, and the global optimum formulation suggested by the GP equations consisted of PEG=9%, PVP=30%, HPMC=36%, EFF=11%, nimodipine=14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Jain S, Srinath MS, Narendra C, Reddy SN, Sindhu A. Development of a floating dosage form of ranitidine hydrochloride by statistical optimization technique. J Young Pharm 2010; 2:342-9. [PMID: 21264091 PMCID: PMC3019370 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.71619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of formulation variables on the release properties, floating lag time, and hardness, when developing floating tablets of Ranitidine hydrochloride, by the statistical optimization technique. The formulations were prepared based on 3(2) factorial design, with polymer ratio (HPMC 100 KM: Xanthan gum) and the amount of aerosil, as two independent formulation variables. The four dependent (response) variables considered were: percentage of drug release at the first hour, T(50%) (time taken to release 50% of the drug), floating lag time, and hardness of the tablet. The release profile data was subjected to a curve fitting analysis, to describe the release mechanism of the drug from the floating tablet. An increase in drug release was observed with an increase in the polymer ratio, and as the amount of aerosil increased, the hardness of the tablet also increased, without causing any change in the floating lag time. The desirability function was used to optimize the response variables, each having a different target, and the observed responses were in accordance with the experimental values. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in the development of floating tablets containing Ranitidine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, No. 2, P. Kalinga Rao Road, Bangalore-560 027, India
| | - MS Srinath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, No. 2, P. Kalinga Rao Road, Bangalore-560 027, India
| | - C Narendra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, VV Pura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore-560 070, India
| | - SN Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, No. 2, P. Kalinga Rao Road, Bangalore-560 027, India
| | - A Sindhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore-560 054, India
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26
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Biopharmaceutical aspects of gastro-retentive dosage forms: the gabapentin paradigm. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The promise of gastric retentive drug delivery systems has propagated numerous investigations and the formation of a number of companies. Three technologies have involved a substantial number of human clinical trials: mucoadhesion, density modification, and expansion. Standard, nondisintegrating controlled-release tablets can display significant gastric retention times, with that retention time being proportional to the calorie intake. When these data for standard tablets are factored in, gastric retention technologies do not appear to offer significant additional retention times. Although the goal remains valuable, the promise of gastric retentive drug delivery systems remains unfulfilled at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Waterman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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28
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Patel P, Dand N, Somwanshi A, Kadam VJ, Hirlekar RS. Design and evaluation of a sustained release gastroretentive dosage form of captopril: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:836-9. [PMID: 18626773 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Prabhu NB, Marathe AS, Jain S, Singh PP, Sawant K, Rao L, Amin PD. Comparison of dissolution profiles for sustained release resinates of BCS class I drugs using USP apparatus 2 and 4: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:769-73. [PMID: 18563575 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Kagan L, Hoffman A. Systems for region selective drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract: biopharmaceutical considerations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:681-92. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Design and evaluation of a floating ranitidine tablet as a drug delivery system for oral application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Abstract
The formation of inclusion complexes between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and the local anesthetic 2-(diethylamino)ethyl-p-amino-benzoate (novocaine) in aqueous solutions under different acidity conditions, using steady-state fluorescence or UV-vis spectroscopies, electrical conductivity, or the kinetic study of both the nitrosation reaction of the primary amine group in a mild acid medium and the hydrolysis of the ester function under an alkaline medium, has been studied. The inclusion complex formation between neutral or protonated novocaine and beta-CD of 1:1 stoichiometry was observed; however, the magnitude of the binding constants depends on the nature of both the guest and the host, and the higher-affinity guest-host was found under conditions when both the novocaine and the beta-CD were neutral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Física e E. Q. I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Coruña, 15071-La Coruña, Spain.
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33
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Abstract
A controlled drug delivery system with prolonged residence time in the stomach is of particular interest for drugs that i) are locally active in the stomach, ii) have an absorption window in the stomach or in the upper small intestine, iii) are unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, or iv) exhibit low solubility at high pH values. This article gives an overview of the parameters affecting gastric emptying in humans as well as on the main concepts used to design pharmaceutical dosage forms with prolonged gastric residence times. In particular, bioadhesive, size-increasing and floating drug delivery systems are presented and their major advantages and shortcomings are discussed. Both single- and multiple-unit dosage forms are reviewed and, if available, results from in vivo trials are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Streubel
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Bardonnet PL, Faivre V, Pugh WJ, Piffaretti JC, Falson F. Gastroretentive dosage forms: Overview and special case of Helicobacter pylori. J Control Release 2006; 111:1-18. [PMID: 16403588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The challenge to develop efficient gastroretentive dosage forms began about 20 years ago, following the discovery of Helicobacter pylori by Warren and Marshall. In order to understand the real difficulty of increasing the gastric residence time of a dosage form, we have first summarized the important physiologic parameters, which act upon the gastric residence time. Afterwards, we have reviewed the different drug delivery systems designed until now, i.e. high-density, intragastric floating, expandable, superporous hydrogel, mucoadhesive and magnetic systems. Finally, we have focused on gastroretentive dosage forms especially designed against H. pylori, including specific targeting systems against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bardonnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, EA 3741, ISPB, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
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35
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Shawky Tous S, Mohammed F, Sayed M. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of nitrofurantoin floating matrix tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Arora S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Khar RK, Baboota S. Floating drug delivery systems: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E372-90. [PMID: 16353995 PMCID: PMC2750381 DOI: 10.1208/pt060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems, and applications of these systems. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
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37
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Szejtli J. Cyclodextrin Complexed Generic Drugs are Generally not Bio-equivalent with the Reference Products: Therefore the Increase in Number of Marketed Drug/Cyclodextrin Formulations is so Slow. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-004-7161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Mucoadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesive micro-spheres exhibit a prolonged residence time at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact with the underlying absorption surface and thus contribute to improved and/or better therapeutic performance of drugs. In recent years such mucoadhesive microspheres have been developed for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, rectal and vaginal routes for either systemic or local effects. The objective of this article is review the principles underlying the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres and the research work carried out on these systems.
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39
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Klausner EA, Lavy E, Barta M, Cserepes E, Friedman M, Hoffman A. Novel gastroretentive dosage forms: evaluation of gastroretentivity and its effect on levodopa absorption in humans. Pharm Res 2004; 20:1466-73. [PMID: 14567643 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025770530084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design novel expandable gastroretentive dosage form (GRDFs) and evaluate their gastroretentive properties. Then, to assess the pharmacokinetics of levodopa compounded in such a GRDF in healthy volunteers. METHODS Thin (<0.07 cm), large-dimensioned (> or = 5 x 2.1 cm), multi layer dosage forms (DFs) with different rigid polymeric matrices an mechanical properties were folded into gelatin capsules and wer administered to healthy volunteers with a light breakfast. GRDF unfolding and physical integrity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo (by gastroscopy and radiology). The pharmacokinetics of levodopa GRDF were compared to Sinemet CR in a crossover design. RESULTS The combination of rigidity and large dimension of the GRDFs was a decisive parameter to ensure prolonged gastroretentivity (> or = 5 h). Large-dimension DFs lacking rigidity had similar gastroretentivity as a nondisintegrating tablet (10 mm). The GRDF rapidly unfolded and maintained their mechanical integrity. The absorption phase of levodopa was significantly prolonged following GRDF administration in comparison to Sinemet CR. CONCLUSIONS The combination of size and rigidity of the novel GRDF enables a significant extension of the absorption phase of a narrow absorption window drug such as levodopa. This approach is an important step toward the implementation of such GRDFs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan A Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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40
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Abstract
Expandable gastroretentive dosage forms (GRDFs) have been designed for the past 3 decades. They were originally created for possible veterinary use, but later the design was modified for enhanced drug therapy in humans. These GRDFs are easily swallowed and reach a significantly larger size in the stomach due to swelling or unfolding processes that prolong their gastric retention time (GRT). After drug release, their dimensions are minimized with subsequent evacuation from the stomach. Gastroretentivity is enhanced by the combination of substantial dimensions with high rigidity of the dosage form to withstand the peristalsis and mechanical contractility of the stomach. Positive results were obtained in preclinical and clinical studies evaluating GRT of expandable GRDFs. Narrow absorption window drugs compounded in such systems have improved in vivo absorption properties. These findings are an important step towards the implementation of expandable GRDFs in the clinical setting. The current review deals with expandable GRDFs reported in articles and patents, and describes the physiological basis of their design. Using the dog as a preclinical screening model prior to human studies, relevant imaging techniques and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic aspects of such delivery systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan A Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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41
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Ai H, Jones SA, de Villiers MM, Lvov YM. Nano-encapsulation of furosemide microcrystals for controlled drug release. J Control Release 2003; 86:59-68. [PMID: 12490373 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Furosemide microcrystals were encapsulated with polyions and gelatin to control the release of the drug in aqueous solutions. Charged linear polyions and gelatin were alternatively deposited on 5-microm drug microcrystals through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Sequential layers of poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were followed by adsorption of two to six gelatin/PSS bilayers with corresponding capsule wall thicknesses ranging from 45 to 115 nm. The release of furosemide from the coated microparticles was measured in aqueous solutions of pH 1.4 and 7.4. At both pH values, the release rate of furosemide from the encapsulated particles was reduced by 50-300 times (for capsules coated with two to six bilayers) compared to uncoated furosemide. The results provide a method of achieving prolonged drug release through self-assembly of polymeric shells on drug microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, PO Box 10137, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
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42
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Säkkinen M, Linna A, Ojala S, Jürjenson H, Veski P, Marvola M. In vivo evaluation of matrix granules containing microcrystalline chitosan as a gel-forming excipient. Int J Pharm 2003; 250:227-37. [PMID: 12480288 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract by means of chitosan has been increasing. In the study reported, the biopharmaceutical properties of granules containing microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh; molecular weight 150 kDa, degree of deacetylation 75%) were evaluated via bioavailability tests in human volunteers. Ibuprofen and furosemide were used as model drugs. With ibuprofen, granules containing 40% of MCCh behaved as a slow-release formulation (t(max) 2.9 h). With furosemide, the most marked difference between a conventional dosage form and granules containing 40% MCCh was a marked lag time (0.5 h) before absorption from the latter. This difference was reflected in t(max) values for furosemide. Despite the lag time, AUC values for furosemide were high, indicating that the granules containing MCCh had remained in the stomach and that drug release had taken place in the stomach rather than in the intestine. The results of the bioavailability studies indicate that MCCh matrix granules allow a simple preparation of slow-release and perhaps stomach-specific dosage forms. Use of model drugs differing in relation to sites of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract aided identification of sites of absorption of drugs from the granules. Further studies, including gamma-scintigraphic evaluations, will be performed on how the granules behave in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Säkkinen
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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43
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Takishima J, Onishi H, Machida Y. Prolonged intestinal absorption of cephradine with chitosan-coated ethylcellulose microparticles in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:1498-502. [PMID: 12419970 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cephradine-containing ethylcellulose microparticles (MPC) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Chitosan-coated MPC (Chi-MPC) were prepared by doping MPC with viscous chitosan solution and subsequently drying. When fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled chitosan-coated ethylcellulose microparticles without drug were administered intraduodenally, they moved slowly in the intestine, that is, most of them were retained at the upper and middle parts of the small intestine for more than 8 h, which is considered due to mucoadhesive properties of coated chitosan. When MPC and Chi-MPC was incubated at 37 degrees C in the JP 14 second fluid, pH 6.8, both released the drug slowly with similar release rates. Cephradine solution and suspension, MPC and Chi-MPC were administered intraduodenally to investigate intestinal drug absorption. Only Chi-MPC suppressed the initial plasma level and maintained the plasma concentration for a long time up to 24 h, suggesting Chi-MPC would be useful for prolonged intestinal absorption of cephradine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takishima
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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