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Nguyen-Khuong T, White MY, Hung TT, Seeto S, Thomas ML, Fitzgerald AM, Martucci CE, Luk S, Pang SF, Russell PJ, Walsh BJ. Alterations to the protein profile of bladder carcinoma cell lines induced by plant extract MINA-05 in vitro. Proteomics 2009; 9:1883-92. [PMID: 19294694 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCa) is a severe urological cancer of both men and women that commonly recurs and once invasive, is difficult to treat. MINA-05 (CK Life Sciences Int'l, Hong Kong) is a derivative of complex botanical extracts, shown to reduce cellular proliferation of bladder and prostate carcinomas. We tested the effects of MINA-05 against human BLCa cell sublines, B8, B8-RSP-GCK, B8-RSP-LN and C3, from a transitional cell carcinoma, grade IV, to determine the molecular targets of treatment by observing the cellular protein profile. Cells were acclimatised for 48 h then treated for 72 h with concentrations of MINA-05 reflecting 1/2 IC(50), IC(50) and 2 x IC(50) (n = 3) or with vehicle, (0.5% DMSO). Dose-dependant changes in protein abundance were detected and characterised using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and MS. We identified 10 proteins that underwent changes in abundance, pI and/or molecular mass in response to treatment. MINA-05 was shown to influence proteins across numerous functional classes including cytoskeletal proteins, energy metabolism proteins, protein degradation proteins and tumour suppressors, suggesting a global impact on these cell lines. This study implies that the ability of MINA-05 to retard cellular proliferation is attributed to its ability to alter cell cycling, metabolism, protein degradation and the cancer cell environment.
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Liu ESL, Luk SCW, Leung ETY, Lee WH, Yuen WF, Kwok KM, Siu SWF, Kwok NS, Xing HT, Wu M, Pang SF. Effect of CKBM on prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. J Chemother 2008; 20:246-52. [PMID: 18467253 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma and metastasis are common among male subjects worldwide. CKBM is a drug product targeting prostate cancer in multiple ways. Prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 were treated with CKBM. The effect of CKBM on the cell's viability, cell cycle, adhesive and invasive properties and its growth in an animal model were assessed. Results indicated that CKBM inhibited PC3 and DU145 cell growth in vitro at IC(50 )values 3.923 and 4.697% respectively, and it brought about cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. CKBM also attenuated DU145 cells to invade and adhere to extracellular matrices including Matrigel, laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. Moreover, PC3 tumor xenograft growth was inhibited by over 60% after 28-day of 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 ml/day CKBM treatment. The present study indicates that CKBM is effective against prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Further studies are required to elucidate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar S L Liu
- CK Life Sciences International Inc., Tai Po Industrial Estate, Hong Kong.
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Chan ASL, Yip ECH, Yung LY, Pang H, Luk SCW, Pang SF, Wong YH. CKBM stimulates MAPKs but inhibits LPS-induced IFN-gamma in lymphocytes. Phytother Res 2006; 20:725-31. [PMID: 16775808 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CKBM is an herbal formula composed of five Chinese medicinal herbs (Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Fructus crataegi, Ziziphus jujuba and Glycine max) supplemented with processed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been demonstrated that CKBM is capable of triggering the release of IL-6 and TNFalpha from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this report, T-lymphocytic Sup-T1 cells and B-lymphocytic Ramos cells were utilized as cellular models to investigate how CKBM regulates intracellular signaling as well as the production of cytokines. CKBM stimulated the three major subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinase (i.e. ERK, JNK and p38) in Sup-T1 cells, but only triggered the activation of ERK and p38 in Ramos cells. The induction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activations varied with the duration of treatment, as well as with the dosage of CKBM. In terms of cytokine production, treatment of CKBM alone did not trigger the release of IL-1beta and IFNgamma, but it suppressed the LPS-induced IFNgamma production from both Sup-T1 cells and Ramos cells. In view of the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicines in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, the results suggest that CKBM may exhibit its immuno-modulatory effects by regulating intracellular signaling as well as cytokine production in different lymphocytic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S L Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, the Molecular Neuroscience Center, and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Chan ASL, Yip ECH, Yung LY, Pang H, Luk SCW, Pang SF, Wong YH. Immuno-regulatory effects of CKBM on the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the release of cytokines in THP-1 monocytic cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:1645-50. [PMID: 16141532 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CKBM is an herbal formula composed of five Chinese medicinal herbs (Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Fructus crataegi, Ziziphus jujube and Glycine Max) supplemented with processed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies have demonstrated that CKBM is capable of triggering the release of IL-6 and TNFalpha from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and its anti-tumorigenic activity has been demonstrated in nude mice with gastric cancer. In this report, we utilized the THP-1 monocytic cell line as a cellular model to investigate how CKBM regulates the intracellular signaling of monocytes and the subsequent release of the produced cytokines. In terms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, CKBM (20%) had no significant effect on ERK, but was linked to an inhibitory effect on JNK and a stimulatory effect on p38 MAPK. The differential responsiveness of JNK and p38 was dependent on the duration of treatment, as well as on the dosage of CKBM. Treatment of CKBM alone induced the release of IL-10 and IFNgamma, but not IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6 and TNFbeta, while increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by A23187 triggered the release of IL-10 only. Interestingly, A23187 synergized with the activities of CKBM-treated THP-1 cells in terms of IL-1beta and IFNgamma production, while the IL-10 production showed no synergistic relationship between CKBM and A23187. This A23187-induced synergism was associated with a dose-dependent character towards CKBM administration. In view of the intracellular Ca2+ elevation during monocyte activation, our results suggest that CKBM can serve as a promoting agent for modulating the functions of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Siu Lung Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuroscience Center and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang W, Liu ESL, Fu J, Tian HM, Wu YJ, Pang SF. Suppression of primary breast, colon, gastric and bladder cancers cell growth in vitro by CKBM, a natural product. Invest New Drugs 2005; 24:181-7. [PMID: 16096703 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-2633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CKBM is a product composed of natural ingredients and had been shown to possess certain anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study is to analyze the chemosensitivity in the treatment of primary colon, breast, gastric and bladder cancer cells by CKBM. A total of 77 patients with cancers of breast, colon, stomach or bladder were included in the present study. Primary cancer cells were isolated from the surgical removed tumors and treated with various dosages of CKBM for 5 days. ATP is then extracted and measured by luminescence assay. CKBM treatment inhibited primary colon, breast, gastric and bladder cancer growth dose-dependently. The IC values were smaller from tumor cells at early stages, when compared with the ones at later stages. The present study strongly indicated that CKBM exerted cytotoxic effect on primary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Detection Center of Tumor Biology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, Hong Kong
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Chan JYW, Cheung JYN, Luk SCW, Wu YJ, Pang SF, Fung KP. Anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic effects of an herbal medicine and Saccharomyces cerevisiae product (CKBM) on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 26:597-609. [PMID: 15658608 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200042357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health problem worldwide. Different treatment strategies have been developed to cope with this problem. Herbal medicine is now widely studied in both Eastern and Western countries. In this study, we used both in vitro and in vivo model to illustrate the anti-tumor effect of a product, CKBM, consisting of herbal medicine and specially processed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dose-dependent anti-proliferation effect was observed on in vitro growth of human hepatoma HepG2 cells after 48 hours incubation with CKBM. At the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) no significant toxic effect was observed on normal human fibroblasts Hs68 and human liver WRL-68 cells. The results of morphological changes, detection of DNA fragmentation, flow cytometric analysis and Western blot analysis indicated that this anti-tumor effect of CKBM was mediated via the process of apoptosis. In addition, HepG2 cells- bearing nude mice model was used for in vivo anti-tumor study. Our results showed that 14-day treatment with 0.8 ml daily dosage of CKBM could inhibit 54.1% of tumor growth. The plasma activities of enzymes specific for heart and liver, namely creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, remained at normal levels, indicated that CKBM did not produce toxicity to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y W Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Luk SCW, Siu SWF, Lai CK, Wu YJ, Pang SF. Cell Cycle Arrest by a Natural Product via G2/M Checkpoint. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:64-69. [PMID: 15968342 PMCID: PMC1145136 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CKBM is a natural product that exhibits a novel anti-tumor activity through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We have investigated its effects on cell cycle regulation using a gastric cancer cell line, AGS. The effects of CKBM on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were analyzed using BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) cell proliferation assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Specific cellular protein expressions were measured using Western blot analysis. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that CKBM induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas differential protein expressions of p21, p53 and 14-3-3sigma (stratifin) using Western blot analysis were enhanced. The differential expressions of p21, p53 and 14-3-3sigma in AGS cancer cells after CKBM treatment may play critical roles in the G2/M cell cycle arrest that blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chui-Wah Luk
- Technology Development, CK Life Sciences Int'l Inc., 2 Dai Fu Street, Tai Po Industrial Estate, Hong Kong, China
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Shin VY, So WHL, Liu ESL, Wu YJ, Pang SF, Cho CH. Anti-tumorigenic and Pro-apoptotic effects of CKBM on gastric cancer growth in nude mice. Int J Med Sci 2004; 1:137-145. [PMID: 15912192 PMCID: PMC1074708 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural botanical products can be integrated with western medicine to optimize the treatment outcome, increase immune function and minimize the side effects from western drug treatment. CKBM is a combination of herbs and yeasts formulated based on traditional Chinese medicinal principles. Previous study has demonstrated that CKBM is capable of improving immune responsiveness through the induction of cytokine mediators, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of this immunomodulatory drug on gastric cancer growth using a human xenograft model. Gastric cancer tissues were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice followed by a 14-day or 28-day of CKBM treatment. Results showed that higher doses of CKBM (0.4 or 0.8 ml/mouse/day) produced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on gastric tumor growth after 28-day drug treatment. This was associated with a decrease of cellular proliferation by 30% with concomitant increase in apoptosis by 97% in gastric tumor cells when compared with the control group. In contrast, CKBM showed no effect on angiogenesis in gastric tumors. This study demonstrates the anti-tumorigenic action of CKBM on gastric cancer probably via inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, and provides future potential targets of this drug candidate on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Yvonne Shin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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