1
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Estep JA, Sun LO, Riccomagno MM. A luciferase fragment complementation assay to detect focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling events. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15282. [PMID: 37089315 PMCID: PMC10119766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin Adhesion Complexes (IACs) serve as links between the cytoskeleton and extracellular environment, acting as mechanosensing and signaling hubs. As such, IACs participate in many aspects of cellular motility, tissue morphogenesis, anchorage-dependent growth and cell survival. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) has emerged as a critical organizer of IAC signaling events due to its early recruitment and diverse substrates, and thus has become a genetic and therapeutic target. Here we present the design and characterization of simple, reversible, and scalable Bimolecular Complementation sensors to monitor FAK phosphorylation in living cells. These probes provide novel means to quantify IAC signaling, expanding on the currently available toolkit for interrogating FAK phosphorylation during diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Estep
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lu O. Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Martin M. Riccomagno
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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2
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Eupafolin regulates non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing MMP9 and RhoA via FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Biosci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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Brockmueller A, Mueller AL, Shayan P, Shakibaei M. β1-Integrin plays a major role in resveratrol-mediated anti-invasion effects in the CRC microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:978625. [PMID: 36120305 PMCID: PMC9479132 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.978625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the most important factors in tumor aggressiveness, with an active exchange between tumor and other TME-associated cells that promotes metastasis. The tumor-inhibitory effect of resveratrol on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells has been frequently reported. However, whether resveratrol can specifically suppress TME-induced CRC invasion via β1-integrin receptors has not been fully elucidated yet. Methods: Two CRC cell lines (HCT116, RKO) were cultured in multicellular, pro-inflammatory 3D-alginate TME cultures (containing fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes) to investigate the role of β1-integrin receptors in the anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effect of resveratrol by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). Results: Our results show that resveratrol dose-dependently suppressed the migration-promoting adhesion adapter protein paxillin and simultaneously enhanced the expression of E-cadherin associated with the phenotype change of CRC cells, and their invasion. Moreover, resveratrol blocked TME-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65-NF-κB, which was associated with changes in the expression pattern of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-related biomarkers (slug, vimentin, E-cadherin), metastasis-related factors (CXCR4, MMP-9, FAK), and apoptosis (caspase-3). Finally, transient transfection of β1-integrin, in contrast to knockdown of NF-κB, abrogated most anti-invasive, anti-metastatic effects as well as downstream signaling of resveratrol, resulting in a concomitant increase in CRC cell invasion, indicating a central role of β1-integrin receptors in the anti-invasive function of resveratrol. Conclusion: These results demonstrate for the first time that silencing β1-integrins may suppress, at least in part the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on invasion and migration of CRC cells, underscoring the crucial homeostatic role of β1-integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Parviz Shayan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mehdi Shakibaei,
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4
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Roles of Focal Adhesion Kinase PTK2 and Integrin αIIbβ3 Signaling in Collagen- and GPVI-Dependent Thrombus Formation under Shear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158688. [PMID: 35955827 PMCID: PMC9369275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP)VI and integrin αIIbβ3 are key signaling receptors in collagen-dependent platelet aggregation and in arterial thrombus formation under shear. The multiple downstream signaling pathways are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on disclosing the integrin-dependent roles of focal adhesion kinase (protein tyrosine kinase 2, PTK2), the shear-dependent collagen receptor GPR56 (ADGRG1 gene), and calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1). We designed and synthetized peptides that interfered with integrin αIIb binding (pCIB and pCIBm) or mimicked the activation of GPR56 (pGRP). The results show that the combination of pGRP with PTK2 inhibition or of pGRP with pCIB > pCIBm in additive ways suppressed collagen- and GPVI-dependent platelet activation, thrombus buildup, and contraction. Microscopic thrombus formation was assessed by eight parameters (with script descriptions enclosed). The suppressive rather than activating effects of pGRP were confined to blood flow at a high shear rate. Blockage of PTK2 or interference of CIB1 no more than slightly affected thrombus formation at a low shear rate. Peptides did not influence GPVI-induced aggregation and Ca2+ signaling in the absence of shear. Together, these data reveal a shear-dependent signaling axis of PTK2, integrin αIIbβ3, and CIB1 in collagen- and GPVI-dependent thrombus formation, which is modulated by GPR56 and exclusively at high shear. This work thereby supports the role of PTK2 in integrin αIIbβ3 activation and signaling.
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5
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Perez Collado ME, Maza MR, General IJ, Arregui CO. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B targets focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cell-matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272564. [PMID: 34553765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is an established regulator of cell-matrix adhesion and motility. However, the nature of substrate targets at adhesion sites remains to be validated. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, in combination with a substrate trapping mutant of PTP1B, to directly examine whether relevant phosphotyrosines on paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) are substrates of the phosphatase in the context of cell-matrix adhesion sites. We found that the formation of catalytic complexes at cell-matrix adhesions requires intact tyrosine residues Y31 and Y118 on paxillin, and the localization of FAK at adhesion sites. Additionally, we found that PTP1B specifically targets Y925 on the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK at adhesion sites. Electrostatic analysis indicated that dephosphorylation of this residue promotes the closed conformation of the FAT 4-helix bundle and its interaction with paxillin at adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - María E Perez Collado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Melina R Maza
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ignacio J General
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
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6
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De Kock L, Freson K. The (Patho)Biology of SRC Kinase in Platelets and Megakaryocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120633. [PMID: 33255186 PMCID: PMC7759910 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC), as other members of the SRC family kinases (SFK), plays an important role in regulating signal transduction by different cell surface receptors after changes in the cellular environment. Here, we reviewed the role of SRC in platelets and megakaryocytes (MK). In platelets, inactive closed SRC is coupled to the β subunit of integrin αIIbβ3 while upon fibrinogen binding during platelet activation, αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling is initiated by activation of SRC. Active open SRC now further stimulates many downstream effectors via tyrosine phosphorylation of enzymes, adaptors, and especially cytoskeletal components. Functional platelet studies using SRC knockout mice or broad spectrum SFK inhibitors pointed out that SRC mediates their spreading on fibrinogen. On the other hand, an activating pathological SRC missense variant E527K in humans that causes bleeding inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation while stimulating platelet spreading. The role of SRC in megakaryopoiesis is much less studied. SRC knockout mice have a normal platelet count though studies with SFK inhibitors point out that SRC could interfere with MK polyploidization and proplatelet formation but these inhibitors are not specific. Patients with the SRC E527K variant have thrombocytopenia due to hyperactive SRC that inhibits proplatelet formation after increased spreading of MK on fibrinogen and enhanced formation of podosomes. Studies in humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of SRC signaling in platelets and MK.
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7
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Nagano M, Hoshino D, Toshima J, Seiki M, Koshikawa N. NH 2 -terminal fragment of ZF21 protein suppresses tumor invasion via inhibiting the interaction of ZF21 with FAK. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4393-4404. [PMID: 32976654 PMCID: PMC7734166 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration, coupled with the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a key step in tumor invasion and represents a promising therapeutic target in malignant tumors. Focal adhesions (FAs) and invadopodia, which are distinct actin-based cellular structures, play key roles in cellular migration and ECM degradation, respectively. The molecular machinery coordinating the dynamics between FAs and invadopodia is not fully understood, although several lines of evidence suggest that the disassembly of FAs is an important step in triggering the formation of invadopodia. In a previous study, we identified the ZF21 protein as a regulator of both FA turnover and invadopodia-dependent ECM degradation. ZF21 interacts with multiple factors for FA turnover, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), microtubules, m-Calpain, and Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). In particular, the dephosphorylation of FAK by ZF21 is a key event in tumor invasion. However, the precise role of ZF21 binding to FAK remains unclear. We established a method to disrupt the interaction between ZF21 and FAK using the FAK-binding NH2 -terminal region of ZF21. Tumor cells expressing the ZF21-derived polypeptide had significantly decreased FA turnover, migration, invadopodia-dependent ECM degradation, and Matrigel invasion. Furthermore, the expression of the polypeptide inhibited an early step of experimental lung metastasis in mice. These findings indicate that the interaction of ZF21 with FAK is necessary for FA turnover as well as ECM degradation at the invadopodia. Thus, ZF21 is a potential regulator that coordinates the equilibrium between FA turnover and invadopodia activity by interacting with FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nagano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Organoid Biology Unit, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jiro Toshima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Naohiko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Dalton GD, Carney ST, Marshburn JD, Norford DC, Howlett AC. CB 1 Cannabinoid Receptors Stimulate Gβγ-GRK2-Mediated FAK Phosphorylation at Tyrosine 925 to Regulate ERK Activation Involving Neuronal Focal Adhesions. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:176. [PMID: 32655375 PMCID: PMC7324865 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are abundantly expressed in the nervous system where they regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). However, the role of CB1-stimulated FAK 925 tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) in regulating ERK1/2 activation remains undefined. Here, immunoblotting analyses using antibodies against FAK phospho-Tyr 925 and ERK2 phospho-Tyr 204 demonstrated CB1-stimulated FAK 925 Tyr-P and ERK2 204 Tyr-P (0–5 min) which was followed by a decline in Tyr-P (5–20 min). CB1 stimulated FAK-Grb2 association and Ras-mediated ERK2 activation. The FAK inhibitors Y11 and PF 573228 abolished FAK 925 Tyr-P and partially inhibited ERK2 204 Tyr-P. FAK 925 Tyr-P and ERK2 204 Tyr-P were adhesion-dependent, required an intact actin cytoskeleton, and were mediated by integrins, Flk-1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and epidermal growth factor receptors. FAK 925 Tyr-P and ERK2 204 Tyr-P were blocked by the Gβγ inhibitor gallein, a GRK2 inhibitor, and GRK2 siRNA silencing, suggesting Gβγ and GRK2 participate in FAK-mediated ERK2 activation. Together, these studies indicate FAK 925 Tyr-P occurs concurrently with CB1-stimulated ERK2 activation and requires the actin cytoskeleton and Gi/oβγ-GRK2-mediated cross-talk between CB1, integrins, and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Dalton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Skyla T Carney
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jamie D Marshburn
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Derek C Norford
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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9
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. TGF-β in fibrosis by acting as a conductor for contractile properties of myofibroblasts. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:98. [PMID: 31827764 PMCID: PMC6902440 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are non-muscle contractile cells that play a key physiologically role in organs such as the stem villi of the human placenta during physiological pregnancy. They are able to contract and relax in response to changes in the volume of the intervillous chamber. Myofibroblasts have also been observed in several diseases and are involved in wound healing and the fibrotic processes affecting several organs, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys and heart. During the fibrotic process, tissue retraction rather than contraction is correlated with collagen synthesis in the extracellular matrix, leading to irreversible fibrosis and, finally, apoptosis of myofibroblasts. The molecular motor of myofibroblasts is the non-muscle type IIA and B myosin (NMMIIA and NMMIIB). Fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts is largely governed by the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This system controls the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in a positive manner, and PPARγ in a negative manner. The WNT/β-catenin pathway promotes fibrosis, while PPARγ prevents it. This review focuses on the contractile properties of myofibroblasts and the conductor, TGF-β1, which together control the opposing interplay between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- 1Délégation à la Recherche Clinique (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,DACTIM-MIS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), CNRS, UMR 7348, Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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10
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Xie Y, Liu C, Qin Y, Chen J, Fang J. Knockdown of IRE1ɑ suppresses metastatic potential of colon cancer cells through inhibiting FN1-Src/FAK-GTPases signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Novel compounds of hybrid structure pyridazinone–coumarin as potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2051-2062. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current limitations of antiplatelet therapy promote the search for new antithrombotic agents. Here we describe novel platelet aggregation inhibitors that combine pyridazinone and coumarin scaffolds in their structure. Results: The target compounds were synthesized in good yield from maleic anhydride, following a multistep strategy. The in vitro studies demonstrated significant antiplatelet activity in many of these compounds, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, revealing that the activity was affected by the substitution pattern of the two selected cores. Additional studies point out their effect as inhibitors of glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa activation. Conclusion: This novel hybrid structure can be considered a good prototype for the development of potent platelet aggregation inhibitors.
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12
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Guidetti GF, Torti M, Canobbio I. Focal Adhesion Kinases in Platelet Function and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:857-868. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase family includes 2 homolog members, FAK and Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), primarily known for their roles in nucleated cells as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. FAK and Pyk2 are also expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets and are activated by soluble agonists and on adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. Despite high sequence homology and similar molecular organization, FAK and Pyk2 play different roles in platelet function. Whereas FAK serves mostly as a traditional focal adhesion kinase activated downstream of integrins, Pyk2 coordinates multiple signals from different receptors. FAK, but not Pyk2, is involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. In circulating platelets, FAK is recruited by integrin αIIbβ3 to regulate hemostasis, whereas it plays minimal roles in thrombosis. By contrast, Pyk2 is implicated in platelet activation and is an important regulator of thrombosis. The direct activation of Pyk2 by calcium ions provides a connection between GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) and Src family kinases. In this review, we provide the comprehensive overview of >20 years of investigations on the role and regulation of focal adhesion kinases in blood platelets, highlighting common and distinctive features of FAK and Pyk2 in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Torti
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
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13
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Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Using Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090278. [PMID: 30134553 PMCID: PMC6162372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in many human cancers. FAK transmits signals to a wide range of targets through both kinase-dependant and independent mechanism thereby playing essential roles in cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. In the past years, small molecules that inhibit FAK kinase function have been developed and show reduced cancer progression and metastasis in several preclinical models. Clinical trials have been conducted and these molecules display limited adverse effect in patients. FAK contain multiple functional domains and thus exhibit both important scaffolding functions. In this review, we describe the major FAK interactions relevant in cancer signalling and discuss how such knowledge provide rational for the development of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) inhibitors.
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14
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Van Itallie CM, Tietgens AJ, Aponte A, Gucek M, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Chadwick RS, Anderson JM. MARCKS-related protein regulates cytoskeletal organization at cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts in epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210237. [PMID: 29222109 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of epithelial cells with interferon-γ and TNF-α (IFN/TNF) results in increased paracellular permeability. To identify relevant proteins mediating barrier disruption, we performed proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) of occludin and found that tagging of MARCKS-related protein (MRP; also known as MARCKSL1) increased ∼20-fold following IFN/TNF administration. GFP-MRP was focused at the lateral cell membrane and its overexpression potentiated the physiological response of the tight junction barrier to cytokines. However, deletion of MRP did not abrogate the cytokine responses, suggesting that MRP is not required in the occludin-dependent IFN/TNF response. Instead, our results reveal a key role for MRP in epithelial cells in control of multiple actin-based structures, likely by regulation of integrin signaling. Changes in focal adhesion organization and basal actin stress fibers in MRP-knockout (KO) cells were reminiscent of those seen in FAK-KO cells. In addition, we found alterations in cell-cell interactions in MRP-KO cells associated with increased junctional tension, suggesting that MRP may play a role in focal adhesion-adherens junction cross talk. Together, our results are consistent with a key role for MRP in cytoskeletal organization of cell contacts in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber Jean Tietgens
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard S Chadwick
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James M Anderson
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Xie J, Shen K, Lenchine RV, Gethings LA, Trim PJ, Snel MF, Zhou Y, Kenney JW, Kamei M, Kochetkova M, Wang X, Proud CG. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase upregulates the expression of proteins implicated in cell migration and cancer cell metastasis. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1865-1877. [PMID: 29235102 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) negatively regulates the elongation phase of mRNA translation and hence protein synthesis. Increasing evidence indicates that eEF2K plays an important role in the survival and migration of cancer cells and in tumor progression. As demonstrated by two-dimensional wound-healing and three-dimensional transwell invasion assays, knocking down or inhibiting eEF2K in cancer cells impairs migration and invasion of cancer cells. Conversely, exogenous expression of eEF2K or knocking down eEF2 (the substrate of eEF2K) accelerates wound healing and invasion. Importantly, using LC-HDMSE analysis, we identify 150 proteins whose expression is decreased and 73 proteins which are increased upon knocking down eEF2K in human lung carcinoma cells. Of interest, 34 downregulated proteins are integrins and other proteins implicated in cell migration, suggesting that inhibiting eEF2K may help prevent cancer cell mobility and metastasis. Interestingly, eEF2K promotes the association of integrin mRNAs with polysomes, providing a mechanism by which eEF2K may enhance their cellular levels. Consistent with this, genetic knock down or pharmacological inhibition of eEF2K reduces the protein expression levels of integrins. Notably, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of eEF2K almost completely blocked tumor growth and effectively prevented the spread of tumor cells in vivo. High levels of eEF2K expression were associated with invasive carcinoma and metastatic tumors. These data provide the evidence that eEF2K is a new potential therapeutic target for preventing tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kaikai Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman V Lenchine
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lee A Gethings
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Trim
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Justin W Kenney
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Makoto Kamei
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marina Kochetkova
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Huang H, Du W, Brekken RA. Extracellular Matrix Induction of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:774-784. [PMID: 28791881 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component secreted by cells and is present within all tissues and organs. The ECM provides the structural support required for tissue integrity and also contributes to diseases, including cancer. Many diseases rich in ECM are characterized by changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that have been shown to have important context-dependent functions. Recent Advances: Many studies have found that the ECM affects ROS production through integrins. The activation of integrins by ECM ligands results in stimulation of multiple pathways that can generate ROS. Furthermore, control of ECM-integrin interaction by matricellular proteins is an underappreciated pathway that functions as an ROS rheostat in remodeling tissues. CRITICAL ISSUES A better understanding of how the ECM affects the generation of intracellular ROS is required for advances in the development of therapeutic strategies that affect or exploit oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting ROS generation can be therapeutic or can promote disease progression in a context-dependent manner. Many ECM proteins can impact ROS generation. However, given the breadth of different proteins that constitute the ECM and the cell surface receptors that interact with ECM proteins, there are likely many tissue and microenvironmental-specific ROS-generating pathways that have yet to be investigated in depth. Identifying canonical pathways of ECM-induced ROS generation should be a priority for the field. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 774-784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong Huang
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research , Dallas, Texas
| | - Wenting Du
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research , Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research , Dallas, Texas.,2 Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 is a highly abundant heterodimeric platelet receptor that can transmit information bidirectionally across the plasma membrane, and plays a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Upon platelet activation, inside-out signaling pathways increase the affinity of αIIbβ3 for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding and integrin clustering subsequently stimulate outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events driving essential platelet processes such as spreading, thrombus consolidation, and clot retraction. Integrin αIIbβ3 has served as an excellent model for the study of integrin biology, and it has become clear that integrin outside-in signaling is highly complex and involves a vast array of enzymes, signaling adaptors, and cytoskeletal components. In this review, we provide a concise but comprehensive overview of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, focusing on the key players involved, and how they cooperate to orchestrate this critical aspect of platelet biology. We also discuss gaps in the current understanding of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and highlight avenues for future investigation.
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18
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Kiouptsi K, Gambaryan S, Walter E, Walter U, Jurk K, Reinhardt C. Hypoxia impairs agonist-induced integrin α IIbβ 3 activation and platelet aggregation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7621. [PMID: 28790378 PMCID: PMC5548784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Under ischemic conditions, tissues are exposed to hypoxia. Although human physiology, to a certain extent, can adapt to hypoxic conditions, the impact of low oxygen levels on platelet function is unresolved. Therefore, we explored how reduction of atmospheric oxygen levels to 1% might affect agonist-induced aggregation and static adhesion of isolated human platelets. We uncovered that isolated, washed human platelets exposed to hypoxic conditions show reduced thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) and convulxin-induced aggregation. Of note, this hypoxia-triggered effect was not observed in platelet-rich plasma. Independent of the agonist used (TRAP-6, ADP), activation of the platelet fibrinogen receptor integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa, CD41/CD61) was strongly reduced at 1% and 8% oxygen. The difference in agonist-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation was apparent within 5 minutes of stimulation. Following hypoxia, re-oxygenation resulted in the recovery of integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Importantly, platelet secretion was not impaired by hypoxia. Static adhesion experiments revealed decreased platelet deposition to fibrinogen coatings, but not to collagen or vitronectin coatings, indicating that specifically the function of the integrin subunit αIIb is impaired by exposure of platelets to reduced oxygen levels. Our results reveal an unexpected effect of oxygen deprivation on platelet aggregation mediated by the fibrinogen receptor integrin αIIbβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Sechenov Instutute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Lenzo FL, Cance WG. From tumorigenesis to microenvironment and immunoregulation: the many faces of focal adhesion kinase and challenges associated with targeting this elusive protein. Transl Cancer Res 2017; 6:S957-S960. [PMID: 30740315 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia L Lenzo
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William G Cance
- University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,FAKnostics, LLC, Orchard Park, Buffalo, NY, USA
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20
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Dickreuter E, Cordes N. The cancer cell adhesion resistome: mechanisms, targeting and translational approaches. Biol Chem 2017; 398:721-735. [PMID: 28002024 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion-mediated resistance limits the success of cancer therapies and is a great obstacle to overcome in the clinic. Since the 1990s, where it became clear that adhesion of tumor cells to the extracellular matrix is an important mediator of therapy resistance, a lot of work has been conducted to understand the fundamental underlying mechanisms and two paradigms were deduced: cell adhesion-mediated radioresistance (CAM-RR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Preclinical work has evidently demonstrated that targeting of integrins, adapter proteins and associated kinases comprising the cell adhesion resistome is a promising strategy to sensitize cancer cells to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the cell adhesion resistome fundamentally contributes to adaptation mechanisms induced by radiochemotherapy as well as molecular drugs to secure a balanced homeostasis of cancer cells for survival and growth. Intriguingly, this phenomenon provides a basis for synthetic lethal targeted therapies simultaneously administered to standard radiochemotherapy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the cell adhesion resistome and highlight targeting strategies to override CAM-RR and CAM-DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Cordes
- , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
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21
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Naik MU, Naik TU, Summer R, Naik UP. Binding of CIB1 to the αIIb tail of αIIbβ3 is required for FAK recruitment and activation in platelets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176602. [PMID: 28542214 PMCID: PMC5443481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is believed that activation of c-Src bound to the integrin β3 subunit initiates outside-in signaling. The involvement of αIIb in outside-in signaling is poorly understood. Objectives We have previously shown that CIB1 specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of αIIb and is required for αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Here we evaluated the role of CIB1 in regulating outside-in signaling in the absence of inside-out signaling. Methods We used αIIb cytoplasmic domain peptide and CIB1-function blocking antibody to inhibit interaction of CIB1 with αIIb subunit as well as Cib1-/- platelets to evaluate the consequence of CIB1 interaction with αIIb on outside-in signaling. Results Fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 results in calcium-dependent interaction of CIB1 with αIIb, which is not required for filopodia formation. Dynamic rearrangement of cytoskeleton results in CIB1-dependent recruitment of FAK to the αIIb complex and its activation. Disruption of the association of CIB1 and αIIb by incorporation of αIIb peptide or anti-CIB1 inhibited both FAK association and activation. Furthermore, FAK recruitment to the integrin complex was required for c-Src activation. Inhibition of c-Src had no effect on CIB1 accumulation with the integrin at the filopodia, suggesting that c-Src activity is not required for the formation of CIB1-αIIb-FAK complex. Conclusion Our results suggest that interaction of CIB1 with αIIb is one of the early events occurring during outside-in signaling. Furthermore, CIB1 recruits FAK to the αIIbβ3 complex at the filopodia where FAK is activated, which in turn activates c-Src, resulting in propagation of outside-in signaling leading to platelet spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna U. Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Tejal U. Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ross Summer
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ulhas P. Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gkourogianni AV, Kiouptsi K, Koloka V, Moussis V, Tsikaris V, Bachelot-Loza C, Tsoukatos DC. Synergistic effect of peptide inhibitors derived from the extracellular and intracellular domain of α IIb subunit of integrin α IIbβ 3 on platelet activation and aggregation. Platelets 2017; 29:34-40. [PMID: 28351192 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1293804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
αIIbβ3, the major platelet integrin, plays a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Upon platelet activation, conformation of αIIbβ3 changes and allows fibrinogen binding and, subsequently, platelet aggregation. It was previously shown that a lipid-modified platelet permeable peptide, which corresponds to the intracellular acidic membrane distal sequence 1000LEEDDEEGE1008 of αIIb (pal-K-LEEDDEEGE or pal-K-1000-1008), inhibits thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation, by inhibiting talin association with the integrin. YMESRADR, a peptide corresponding to the extracellular sequence 313-320 of αIIb, is also a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor by mimicking the effect of a clasp between the head domains of αIIb and β3. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effect of the intra- and extracellular- peptide inhibitors on platelet aggregation, as well as on the phosphorylation of two signaling proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Platelet preincubation with Pal-K-LEEDDEGE followed by YMESRADR showed a synergistic inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation. Platelet incubation with threshold inhibitory concentrations of both peptides provoked almost the total inhibition of aggregation, PAC-1 binding, and fibrinogen binding, but not P-selectin exposure on activated platelets' surface. Like RGDS peptide, this mixture inhibits FAK phosphorylation whose phosphorylation is well known to be consecutive to the aggregation (postoccupancy events). However, in contrast to RGDS peptide that enhances ERK phosphorylation and activation, the mixture of threshold inhibitory concentrations of Pal-K-LEEDDEEGE and YMESRADR inhibits ERK phosphorylation. We suggest that the use of the intracellular in combination with the extracellular peptide inhibitor, acting with a non-RGD-like mechanism, may provide an alternative way to antagonize integrin αIIbβ3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia V Gkourogianni
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassiliki Koloka
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassilios Moussis
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsikaris
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- b INSERM UMR S1140 , Faculté de Pharmacie , Paris , France.,c Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Demokritos C Tsoukatos
- a Department of Chemistry, Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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23
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Unsworth AJ, Kriek N, Bye AP, Naran K, Sage T, Flora GD, Gibbins JM. PPARγ agonists negatively regulate αIIbβ3 integrin outside-in signaling and platelet function through up-regulation of protein kinase A activity. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:356-369. [PMID: 27896950 PMCID: PMC5396324 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Essentials peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists inhibit platelet function. PPARγ agonists negatively regulate outside-in signaling via integrin αIIbβ3. PPARγ agonists disrupt the interaction of Gα13 with integrin β3. This is attributed to an upregulation of protein kinase A activity. SUMMARY Background Agonists for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) have been shown to have inhibitory effects on platelet activity following stimulation by GPVI and GPCR agonists. Objectives Profound effects on thrombus formation led us to suspect a role for PPARγ agonists in the regulation of integrin αIIbβ3 mediated signaling. Both GPVI and GPCR signaling pathways lead to αIIbβ3 activation, and signaling through αIIbβ3 plays a critical role in platelet function and normal hemostasis. Methods The effects of PPARγ agonists on the regulation of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling was determined by monitoring the ability of platelets to adhere and spread on fibrinogen and undergo clot retraction. Effects on signaling components downstream of αIIbβ3 activation were also determined following adhesion to fibrinogen by Western blotting. Results Treatment of platelets with PPARγ agonists inhibited platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen and diminished clot retraction. A reduction in phosphorylation of several components of αIIbβ3 signaling, including the integrin β3 subunit, Syk, PLCγ2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt, was also observed as a result of reduced interaction of the integrin β3 subunit with Gα13. Studies of VASP phosphorylation revealed that this was because of an increase in PKA activity following treatment with PPARγ receptor agonists. Conclusions This study provides further evidence for antiplatelet actions of PPARγ agonists, identifies a negative regulatory role for PPARγ agonists in the control of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, and provides a molecular basis by which the PPARγ agonists negatively regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Unsworth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - N. Kriek
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - A. P. Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - K. Naran
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - T. Sage
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - G. D. Flora
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - J. M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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24
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Durand N, Bastea LI, Long J, Döppler H, Ling K, Storz P. Protein Kinase D1 regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell adhesion through Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-l γ. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35963. [PMID: 27775029 PMCID: PMC5075913 DOI: 10.1038/srep35963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are highly dynamic structures that are assembled and disassembled on a continuous basis. The balance between the two processes mediates various aspects of cell behavior, ranging from cell adhesion and spreading to directed cell migration. The turnover of FAs is regulated at multiple levels and involves a variety of signaling molecules and adaptor proteins. In the present study, we show that in response to integrin engagement, a subcellular pool of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) localizes to the FAs. PKD1 affects FAs by decreasing turnover and promoting maturation, resulting in enhanced cell adhesion. The effects of PKD1 are mediated through direct phosphorylation of FA-localized phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-l γ (PIP5Klγ) at serine residue 448. This phosphorylation occurs in response to Fibronectin-RhoA signaling and leads to a decrease in PIP5Klγs’ lipid kinase activity and binding affinity for Talin. Our data reveal a novel function for PKD1 as a regulator of FA dynamics and by identifying PIP5Klγ as a novel PKD1 substrate provide mechanistic insight into this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Ligia I Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Jason Long
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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25
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Digiacomo G, Tusa I, Bacci M, Cipolleschi MG, Dello Sbarba P, Rovida E. Fibronectin induces macrophage migration through a SFK-FAK/CSF-1R pathway. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:327-337. [PMID: 27588738 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1221566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins, following binding to proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen, laminin and fibronectin (FN), are able to transduce molecular signals inside the cells and to regulate several biological functions such as migration, proliferation and differentiation. Besides activation of adaptor molecules and kinases, integrins transactivate Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK). In particular, adhesion to the ECM may promote RTK activation in the absence of growth factors. The Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) is a RTK that supports the survival, proliferation, and motility of monocytes/macrophages, which are essential components of innate immunity and cancer development. Macrophage interaction with FN is recognized as an important aspect of host defense and wound repair. The aim of the present study was to investigate on a possible cross-talk between FN-elicited signals and CSF-1R in macrophages. FN induced migration in BAC1.2F5 and J774 murine macrophage cell lines and in human primary macrophages. Adhesion to FN determined phosphorylation of the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src Family Kinases (SFK) and activation of the SFK/FAK complex, as witnessed by paxillin phosphorylation. SFK activity was necessary for FAK activation and macrophage migration. Moreover, FN-induced migration was dependent on FAK in either murine macrophage cell lines or human primary macrophages. FN also induced FAK-dependent/ligand-independent CSF-1R phosphorylation, as well as the interaction between CSF-1R and β1. CSF-1R activity was necessary for FN-induced macrophage migration. Indeed, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CSF-1R prevented FN-induced macrophage migration. Our results identified a new SFK-FAK/CSF-1R signaling pathway that mediates FN-induced migration of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Digiacomo
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
| | - Marina Bacci
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cipolleschi
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori , Florence , Italy
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26
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Maeda NY, Bydlowski SP, Lopes AA. Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Platelet Proteins Including pp125FAK Suggests Endogenous Activation and Aggregation in Pulmonary Hypertension. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 11:411-5. [PMID: 16244766 DOI: 10.1177/107602960501100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of several lines of evidence indicating a pathophysiologic role of platelets in pulmonary hypertension, the occurrence of chronic endogenous platelet activation has been a matter of debate. It was hypothesized that the pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins examined ex vivo could provide information on the state of platelet activation. This was examined in 10 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension aged 18 to 53 years. Phosphotyrosine density and the amounts of specific proteins were analyzed in resting platelets after reaction with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-pp60c-src, anti-pp125FAK, and anti-αIIbβ3 antibodies. There was a 79% increase in protein-associated phosphotyrosine in patients in comparison to levels in controls (p<0.05). In particular, phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of pp120 and pp125FAK increased 24% and 57%, respectively (p<0.05). Although pp60c-src-associated phosphotyrosine was not altered in the patient group as a whole, it was clearly decreased in three subjects. Platelet content of β3 integrin, pp60c-src, and pp125FAK, was not altered. This pattern of phosphorylation suggests an ongoing process of platelet activation. Because phosphorylation of pp125FAK is a late, integrin-dependent event, results suggest that platelet activation and aggregation occur in vivo in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Y Maeda
- Pró-Sangue Foundation, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Boudreaux MK, Lipscomb DL. Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects of Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia in Humans and Dogs. Vet Pathol 2016; 38:249-60. [PMID: 11355654 DOI: 10.1354/vp.38-3-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an inherited, intrinsic platelet function defect that involves the platelet glycoprotein complex IIb–IIIa, also known as the fibrinogen receptor and the integrin αIIbβ3. The defect was originally described by Dr. Glanzmann in humans in 1918 as a bleeding disorder that differed clinically from other known coagulopathies. Over the decades that followed, researchers determined the biochemical and molecular basis for the disease in humans. Otterhounds with thrombasthenic thrombopathia, described in the 1960s, were the only animal model that closely resembled the disease described in humans until 1996. At that time, a Great Pyrenees dog was identified with unequivocal clinical and biochemical features of Type I GT. The cDNA encoding for glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were sequenced in normal dogs in 1999, allowing for identification of specific mutations causing Type I GT in both Otterhounds and Great Pyrenees dogs. Knowing the molecular basis for Type I GT in dogs as well as the cDNA sequences in normal dogs should enhance the understanding of structure/function relationships of the αIIbβ3 integrin and provide an excellent animal model for studies aimed at correction of GT in humans. The following review focuses on the structure and function of this platelet receptor and reviews the molecular, biochemical, and clinical aspects of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Boudreaux
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5519, USA.
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28
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Fong KP, Zhu H, Span LM, Moore DT, Yoon K, Tamura R, Yin H, DeGrado WF, Bennett JS. Directly Activating the Integrin αIIbβ3 Initiates Outside-In Signaling by Causing αIIbβ3 Clustering. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11706-16. [PMID: 27056329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
αIIbβ3 activation in platelets is followed by activation of the tyrosine kinase c-Src associated with the carboxyl terminus of the β3 cytosolic tail. Exogenous peptides designed to interact with the αIIb transmembrane (TM) domain activate single αIIbβ3 molecules in platelets by binding to the αIIb TM domain and causing separation of the αIIbβ3 TM domain heterodimer. Here we asked whether directly activating single αIIbβ3 molecules in platelets using the designed peptide anti-αIIb TM also initiates αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling by causing activation of β3-associated c-Src. Anti-αIIb TM caused activation of β3-associated c-Src and the kinase Syk, but not the kinase FAK, under conditions that precluded extracellular ligand binding to αIIbβ3. c-Src and Syk are activated by trans-autophosphorylation, suggesting that activation of individual αIIbβ3 molecules can initiate αIIbβ3 clustering in the absence of ligand binding. Consistent with this possibility, incubating platelets with anti-αIIb TM resulted in the redistribution of αIIbβ3 from a homogenous ring located at the periphery of discoid platelets into nodular densities consistent with clustered αIIbβ3. Thus, these studies indicate that not only is resting αIIbβ3 poised to undergo a conformational change that exposes its ligand-binding site, but it is poised to rapidly assemble into intracellular signal-generating complexes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Fong
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hua Zhu
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lisa M Span
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David T Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kyungchul Yoon
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ryo Tamura
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80030, and
| | - Hang Yin
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80030, and
| | - William F DeGrado
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
| | - Joel S Bennett
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, and
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Niki M, Nayak MK, Jin H, Bhasin N, Plow EF, Pandolfi PP, Rothman PB, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Dok-1 negatively regulates platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling and inhibits thrombosis in mice. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:969-78. [PMID: 26790499 DOI: 10.1160/th15-05-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play a critical role in the assembly of signalling complexes after engagement of platelet receptors by agonists such as collagen, ADP and thrombin. Recently, using proteomics, the Dok (downstream of tyrosine kinase) adapter proteins were identified in human and mouse platelets. In vitro studies suggest that Dok-1 binds to platelet integrin β3, but the underlying effects of Dok-1 on αIIbβ3 signalling, platelet activation and thrombosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, using Dok-1-deficient (Dok-1-/-) mice, we determined the phenotypic role of Dok-1 in αIIbβ3 signalling. We found that platelets from Dok-1-/- mice displayed normal aggregation, activation of αIIbβ3 (assessed by binding of JON/A), P-selectin surface expression (assessed by anti-CD62P), and soluble fibrinogen binding. These findings indicate that Dok-1 does not affect "inside-out" platelet signalling. Compared with platelets from wild-type (WT) mice, platelets from Dok-1-/- mice exhibited increased clot retraction (p < 0.05 vs WT), increased PLCγ2 phosphorylation, and enhanced spreading on fibrinogen after thrombin stimulation (p < 0.01 vs WT), demonstrating that Dok-1 negatively regulates αIIbβ3 "outside-in" signalling. Finally, we found that Dok-1-/- mice exhibited significantly shortened bleeding times and accelerated carotid artery thrombosis in response to photochemical injury (p < 0.05 vs WT mice). We conclude that Dok-1 modulates thrombosis and haemostasis by negatively regulating αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven R Lentz
- Steven R. Lentz, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, C21 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Tel.: +1 319 356 4048, Fax: +1 319 353 8383, E-mail:
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Topalovski M, Brekken RA. Matrix control of pancreatic cancer: New insights into fibronectin signaling. Cancer Lett 2015; 381:252-8. [PMID: 26742464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly metastatic disease that resists most current therapies. A defining characteristic of PDA is an intense fibrotic response that promotes tumor cell invasion and chemoresistance. Efforts to understand the complex relationship between the tumor and its extracellular network and to therapeutically perturb tumor-stroma interactions are ongoing. Fibronectin (FN), a provisional matrix protein abundant in PDA stroma but not normal tissues, supports metastatic spread and chemoresistance of this deadly disease. FN also supports angiogenesis, which is required for even hypovascular tumors such as PDA to develop and progress. Targeting components of the tumor stroma, such as FN, can effectively reduce tumor growth and spread while also enhancing delivery of chemotherapy. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which FN drives angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance in PDA. In light of these new findings, we also discuss therapeutic strategies to inhibit FN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Topalovski
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and the Division of Surgical Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and the Division of Surgical Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Nakamura F, Arregui CO. PTP1B triggers integrin-mediated repression of myosin activity and modulates cell contractility. Biol Open 2015; 5:32-44. [PMID: 26700725 PMCID: PMC4728310 DOI: 10.1242/bio.015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell contractility and migration by integrins depends on precise regulation of protein tyrosine kinase and Rho-family GTPase activities in specific spatiotemporal patterns. Here we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B cooperates with β3 integrin to activate the Src/FAK signalling pathway which represses RhoA-myosin-dependent contractility. Using PTP1B null (KO) cells and PTP1B reconstituted (WT) cells, we determined that some early steps following cell adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin occurred robustly in WT cells, including aggregation of β3 integrins and adaptor proteins, and activation of Src/FAK-dependent signalling at small puncta in a lamellipodium. However, these events were significantly impaired in KO cells. We established that cytoskeletal strain and cell contractility was highly enhanced at the periphery of KO cells compared to WT cells. Inhibition of the Src/FAK signalling pathway or expression of constitutive active RhoA in WT cells induced a KO cell phenotype. Conversely, expression of constitutive active Src or myosin inhibition in KO cells restored the WT phenotype. We propose that this novel function of PTP1B stimulates permissive conditions for adhesion and lamellipodium assembly at the protruding edge during cell spreading and migration. Summary: Here we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B cooperates with β3 integrin to transiently repress RhoA-myosin-dependent contractility, stimulating adhesion and lamellipodium assembly during cell spreading and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Focal adhesion kinase-dependent focal adhesion recruitment of SH2 domains directs SRC into focal adhesions to regulate cell adhesion and migration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18476. [PMID: 26681405 PMCID: PMC4683442 DOI: 10.1038/srep18476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration requires dynamical control of the protein complex within focal adhesions (FAs) and this control is regulated by signaling events involving tyrosine phosphorylation. We screened the SH2 domains present in tyrosine-specific kinases and phosphatases found within FAs, including SRC, SHP1 and SHP2, and examined whether these enzymes transiently target FAs via their SH2 domains. We found that the SRC_SH2 domain and the SHP2_N-SH2 domain are associated with FAs, but only the SRC_SH2 domain is able to be regulated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The FAK-dependent association of the SRC_SH2 domain is necessary and sufficient for SRC FA targeting. When the targeting of SRC into FAs is inhibited, there is significant suppression of SRC-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin and FAK; this results in an inhibition of FA formation and maturation and a reduction in cell migration. This study reveals an association between FAs and the SRC_SH2 domain as well as between FAs and the SHP2_N-SH2 domains. This supports the hypothesis that the FAK-regulated SRC_SH2 domain plays an important role in directing SRC into FAs and that this SRC-mediated FA signaling drives cell migration.
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Yang S, Wang L, Kong Q. Depression of focal adhesion kinase induces apoptosis in rat osteosarcoma OSR-6 cells in a caspase-dependent pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:765-70. [PMID: 24798118 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase protein, acts as an early modulator of integrin signaling cascade, regulating basic cellular functions. In transformed cells, unopposed FAK signaling has been considered to promote tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of FAK in rat osteosarcoma OSR-6 cells. OSR-6 cells were transfected with PGPU6/GFP/shNC (shNC), and PGPU6/GFP/FAK-2434 (shRNA-2434), separately. Expression of FAK was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blots. MTT assay was used to examine changes in cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of caspase-3,-7,-9 was measured by Western blots. The expression of FAK in OSR-6 cells significantly decreased in shRNA-2434 group in contrast to the control group (P < 0.01). Cell proliferation was inhibited by shRNA-2434 and shRNA-2434+ cisplatin, and the effects were clearly enhanced when cells were treated with anticancer agents. The level of cell apoptosis in shRNA-2434 and shRNA-2434+ cisplatin group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The current data support evidence that down-regulation of FAK could induce rat osteosarcoma cells (OSR-6) apoptosis through the caspase-dependent cell death pathway. Inhibition of the kinases may be important for therapies designed to enhance the apoptosis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China,
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Bartolomé RA, García-Palmero I, Torres S, López-Lucendo M, Balyasnikova IV, Casal JI. IL13 Receptor α2 Signaling Requires a Scaffold Protein, FAM120A, to Activate the FAK and PI3K Pathways in Colon Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2434-44. [PMID: 25896327 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IL13 signaling through its receptor IL13Rα2 plays a critical role in colon cancer invasion and liver metastasis, but the mechanistic features of this process are obscure. In this study, we identified a scaffold protein, FAM120A (C9ORF10), as a signaling partner in this process. FAM120A was overexpressed in human colon cancer cell lines and 55% of human colon cancer specimens. IL13Rα2-FAM120A coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed further signaling network associations that could regulate the activity of IL13Rα2, including FAK, SRC, PI3K, G-protein-coupled receptors, and TRAIL receptors. In addition, FAM120A associated with kinesins and motor proteins involved in cargo movement along microtubules. IL13Rα2-triggered activation of the FAK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways was mediated by FAM120A, which also recruited PI3K and functioned as a scaffold protein to enable phosphorylation and activation of PI3K by Src family kinases. FAM120A silencing abolished IL13-induced cell migration, invasion, and survival. Finally, antibody blockade of IL13Rα2 or FAM120A silencing precluded liver colonization in nude mice or metastasis. In conclusion, we identified FAM120A in the IL13/IL13Rα2 signaling pathway as a key mediator of invasion and liver metastasis in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Palmero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Torres
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Lucendo
- Proteomics Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Integrin-linked kinase links dynactin-1/dynactin-2 with cortical integrin receptors to orient the mitotic spindle relative to the substratum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8389. [PMID: 25669897 PMCID: PMC4323648 DOI: 10.1038/srep08389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must divide strictly along a plane to form an epithelial layer parallel to the basal lamina. The axis of cell division is primarily governed by the orientation of the mitotic spindle and spindle misorientation pathways have been implicated in cancer initiation. While β1-Integrin and the Dynein/Dynactin complex are known to be involved, the pathways linking these complexes in positioning mitotic spindles relative to the basal cortex and extracellular matrix remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) and α-Parvin regulate mitotic spindle orientation by linking Dynactin-1 and Dynactin-2 subunits of the Dynein/Dynactin complex to Integrin receptors at the basal cortex of mitotic cells. ILK and α-Parvin are required for spindle orientation. ILK interacts with Dynactin-1 and Dynactin-2 and ILK siRNA attenuates Dynactin-2 localization to the basal cortex. Furthermore we show that Dynactin-2 can no longer colocalize or interact with Integrins when ILK is absent, suggesting mechanistically that ILK is acting as a linking protein. Finally we demonstrate that spindle orientation and cell proliferation are disrupted in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo using tissue-specific ILK knockout mice. These data demonstrate that ILK is a linker between Integrin receptors and the Dynactin complex to regulate mitotic spindle orientation.
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36
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Ni B, Wen LB, Wang R, Hao HP, Huan CC, Wang X, Huang L, Miao JF, Fan HJ, Mao X. The involvement of FAK-PI3K-AKT-Rac1 pathway in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:392-8. [PMID: 25660453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD163 and sialoadhesin had been reported as the two receptors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. The signaling pathway activated by PRRSV entry was seldom reported. In our studies, we demonstrated that PRRSV entry triggers FAK, PI3K, AKT and Rac1 activation. The signaling pathway FAK-PI3K-AKT-Rac1 is essential for PRRSV entry. Blocking FAK by PF573228 attenuates the activation of PI3K, AKT, Rac1 and the cytoskeleton remodeling induced by virus entry. Inhibitors to FAK, PI3K, AKT and Rac1 can significantly inhibit the virus entry. In conclusion, our observations reveal that PRRSV triggers the activation of FAK-PI3K-AKT-Rac1 signaling pathway to facilitate its entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li-Bin Wen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chang-Chao Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin-Feng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal, Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Guo B, Su J, Zhang T, Wang K, Li X. Fangchinoline as a kinase inhibitor targets FAK and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway in A549. J Drug Target 2014; 23:266-74. [PMID: 25539072 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.992898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fangchinoline as a novel anti-tumor agent has been paid attention in several types of cancers cells except lung cancer. Here we have investigated the effect of fangchinoline on A549 cells and its underlying mechanism. PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to study the effect of fangchinoline on A549 cells. METHODS Four lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H292, NCI-H446, and NCI-H460) were exposed to varying concentrations (10-40 μmol/l) of fangchinoline to observe the effect of fangchinoline on the four lung cancer cell lines and to observe the changes of the lung cancer cell on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. RESULTS Fangchinoline effectively suppressed proliferation and invasion of A549 cell line but not NCI-H292, NCI-H446, and NCI-H460 cell lines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr397) and its downstream pathways, due to the significant differences of Fak expression between A549 and the other three cell lines. And all FAK-paxillin/MMP2/MMP9 pathway, FAK-Akt pathway, and FAK-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway could be inhibited by fangchinoline. DISCUSSION Fangchinoline effectively suppressed proliferation and invasion of A549 cell line by inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr397) and its downstream pathways. CONCLUSION Fangchinoline could inhibit the phosphorylation of FAK(p-Tyr397), at least partially. Fangchinoline as a kinase inhibitor targets FAK and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway and inhibits the growth and the invasion in tumor cells which highly expressed FAK such as A549 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Guo
- Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command , Shenyang, Liaoning , China
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Carrim N, Walsh TG, Consonni A, Torti M, Berndt MC, Metharom P. Role of focal adhesion tyrosine kinases in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and reactive oxygen species formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113679. [PMID: 25415317 PMCID: PMC4240642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown the presence of a TRAF4/p47phox/Hic5/Pyk2 complex associated with the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, consistent with a potential role of this complex in GPVI-dependent ROS formation. In other cell systems, NOX-dependent ROS formation is facilitated by Pyk2, which along with its closely related homologue FAK are known to be activated and phosphorylated downstream of ligand binding to GPVI. Aims To evaluate the relative roles of Pyk2 and FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and to determine their location within the GPVI signaling pathway. Methods and Results Human and mouse washed platelets (from WT or Pyk2 KO mice) were pre-treated with pharmacological inhibitors targeting FAK or Pyk2 (PF-228 and Tyrphostin A9, respectively) and stimulated with the GPVI-specific agonist, CRP. FAK, but not Pyk2, was found to be essential for GPVI-dependent ROS production and aggregation. Subsequent human platelet studies with PF-228 confirmed FAK is essential for GPVI-mediated phosphatidylserine exposure, α-granule secretion (P-selectin (CD62P) surface expression) and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. To determine the precise location of FAK within the GPVI pathway, we analyzed the effect of PF-228 inhibition in CRP-stimulated platelets in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and pulldown analysis to show that FAK is downstream of Lyn, Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), PI3-K and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and upstream of Rac1, PLCγ2, Ca2+ release, PKC, Hic-5, NOX1 and αIIbβ3 activation. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest a novel role for FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and platelet activation and elucidate a proximal signaling role for FAK within the GPVI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadiya Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tony G. Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael C. Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Rocha SF, Schiller M, Jing D, Li H, Butz S, Vestweber D, Biljes D, Drexler HC, Nieminen-Kelhä M, Vajkoczy P, Adams S, Benedito R, Adams RH. Esm1 Modulates Endothelial Tip Cell Behavior and Vascular Permeability by Enhancing VEGF Bioavailability. Circ Res 2014; 115:581-90. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana F. Rocha
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Maria Schiller
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Ding Jing
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Hang Li
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Stefan Butz
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Daniel Biljes
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Hannes C.A. Drexler
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Melina Nieminen-Kelhä
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Susanne Adams
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Rui Benedito
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
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Paxillin and focal adhesion kinase colocalise in human skeletal muscle and its associated microvasculature. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:245-56. [PMID: 24671495 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin are functionally linked hormonal- and mechano-sensitive proteins. We aimed to describe paxillin's subcellular distribution using widefield and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and test the hypothesis that FAK and paxillin colocalise in human skeletal muscle and its associated microvasculature. Percutaneous muscle biopsies were collected from the m. vastus lateralis of seven healthy males, and 5-μm cryosections were stained with anti-paxillin co-incubated with anti-dystrophin to identify the sarcolemma, anti-myosin heavy chain type I for fibre-type differentiation, anti-dihydropyridine receptor to identify T-tubules, lectin UEA-I to identify the endothelium of microvessels and anti-α-smooth muscle actin to identify vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Colocalisation of anti-paxillin with anti-dystrophin or anti-FAK was quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficient on confocal microscopy images. Paxillin was primarily present in (sub)sarcolemmal regions of skeletal muscle fibres where it colocalised with dystrophin (r = 0.414 ± 0.026). The (sub)sarcolemmal paxillin immunofluorescence intensity was ~2.4-fold higher than in sarcoplasmic regions (P < 0.001) with sarcoplasmic paxillin immunofluorescence intensity ~10 % higher in type I than in type II fibres (P < 0.01). In some longitudinally orientated fibres, paxillin formed striations that corresponded to the I-band region. Paxillin immunostaining was highest in endothelial and VSMC and distributed heterogeneously in both cell types. FAK and paxillin colocalised at (sub)sarcolemmal regions and within the microvasculature (r = 0.367 ± 0.036). The first images of paxillin in human skeletal muscle suggest paxillin is present in (sub)sarcolemmal and I-band regions of muscle fibres and within the microvascular endothelium and VSMC. Colocalisation of FAK and paxillin supports their suggested role in hormonal and mechano-sensitive signalling.
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Gocek E, Moulas AN, Studzinski GP. Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases signaling pathways in normal and cancer cells. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:125-37. [PMID: 24446827 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.874403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups to tyrosine residues on protein substrates. Phosphorylation of proteins causes changes in their function and/or enzymatic activity resulting in specific biological responses. There are two classes of PTKs: the transmembrane receptor PTKs and the cytoplasmic non-receptor PTKs (NRTKs). NRTKs are involved in transduction of signals originating from extracellular clues, which often interact with transmembrane receptors. Thus, they are important components of signaling pathways which regulate fundamental cellular functions such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, survival, and proliferation. The activity of NRTKs is tightly regulated, and de-regulation and/or overexpression of NRTKs has been implicated in malignant transformation and carcinogenesis. Research on NRTKs has shed light on the mechanisms of a number of cellular processes including those involved in carcinogenesis. Not surprisingly, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in use as treatment for a number of malignancies, and more are under investigation. This review deals with the structure, function, and signaling pathways of nine main families of NRTKs in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Lu H, Wang L, Gao W, Meng J, Dai B, Wu S, Minna J, Roth JA, Hofstetter WL, Swisher SG, Fang B. IGFBP2/FAK pathway is causally associated with dasatinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2864-73. [PMID: 24130049 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) expression is increased in various types of cancers, including in a subset of patients with lung cancer. Because IGFBP2 is involved in signal transduction of some critical cancer-related pathways, we analyzed the association between IGFBP2 and response to pathway-targeted agents in seven human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Western blot analysis and ELISA showed that four of the seven NSCLC cell lines analyzed expressed high levels of IGFBP2, whereas the remaining three had barely detectable IGFBP2. Susceptibilities of those seven cell lines to nine anticancer agents targeting to IGF1R, Src, FAK, MEK, and AKT were determined by a dose-dependent cell viability assay. The results showed that high IGFBP2 levels were associated with resistance to dasatinib and, to a lesser degree, to sacaratinib, but not to other agents. Ectopic IGFBP2 overexpression or knockdown revealed that changing IGFBP2 expression levels reversed dasatinib susceptibility phenotype, suggesting a causal relationship between IGFBP2 expression and dasatinib resistance. Molecular characterization revealed that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation was associated with increased IGFBP2 expression and partially contributed to IGFBP2-mediated dasatinib resistance. Treatment with a combination of dasatinib and FAK inhibitor led to enhanced antitumor activity in IGFBP2-overexpressing and dasatinib-resistant NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the IGFBP2/FAK pathway is causally associated with dasatinib resistance and may be used as biomarkers for identification of dasatinib responders among patients with lung cancer. Simultaneous targeting on Src and FAK will likely improve the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Lu
- Corresponding Author: Bingliang Fang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 445, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030.
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Wang J, Zu J, Xu G, Zhao W, Jinglong Y. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1551-6. [PMID: 24092571 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein, acts as an early modulator of integrin signaling cascade, regulating basic cellular functions. In transformed cells, unopposed FAK signaling has been considered to promote tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of focal adhesion kinase in human osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells. SAOS-2 cells were transfected with PGPU6/GFP/shNC, and PGPU6/GFP/FAK-334 (shRNA-334), respectively. Expression of FAK was detected by real-time PCR and western blots. MTT assay was used to examine changes in cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of caspase-3,-7,-9 was measured by Western blots. The expression of FAK in SAOS-2 cells significantly decreased in shRNA-334 group contrast to the control group (P < 0.01). Cells proliferation was inhibited by shRNA-334 and shRNA-334 + cisplatin, and the effects were clearly enhanced when cells treated with the anticancer agents. The level of cell apoptosis in shRNA-334 and shRNA-334 + cisplatin group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). The current data support evidence that down-regulation of FAK could induce SAOS-2 apoptosis through the caspase-dependent cell death pathway. Inhibition of the kinases may be important for therapies designed to enhance the apoptosis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wang
- Department of Bone Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng street, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, 150001, China
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Frisch SM, Schaller M, Cieply B. Mechanisms that link the oncogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition to suppression of anoikis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:21-9. [PMID: 23516327 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression in various context-dependent ways, including increased metastatic potential, expansion of cancer stem cell subpopulations, chemo-resistance and disease recurrence. One of the hallmarks of EMT is resistance of tumor cells to anoikis. This resistance contributes to metastasis and is a defining property not only of EMT but also of cancer stem cells. Here, we review the mechanistic coupling between EMT and resistance to anoikis. The discussion focuses on several key aspects. First, we provide an update on new pathways that lead from the loss of E-cadherin to anoikis resistance. We then discuss the relevance of transcription factors that are crucial in wound healing in the context of oncogenic EMT. Next, we explore the consequences of the breakdown of cell-polarity complexes upon anoikis sensitivity, through the Hippo, Wnt and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways, emphasizing points of crossregulation. Finally, we summarize the direct regulation of cell survival genes through EMT-inducing transcription factors, and the roles of the tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and TrkB neurotrophin receptor in EMT-related regulation of anoikis. Emerging from these studies are unifying principles that will lead to improvements in cancer therapy by reprogramming sensitivity of anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Frisch
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Sosa LJ, Bergman J, Estrada-Bernal A, Glorioso TJ, Kittelson JM, Pfenninger KH. Amyloid precursor protein is an autonomous growth cone adhesion molecule engaged in contact guidance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64521. [PMID: 23691241 PMCID: PMC3653867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is well known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease of the aging brain, but its normal function is unclear. APP is a prominent component of the adult as well as the developing brain. It is enriched in axonal growth cones (GCs) and has been implicated in cell adhesion and motility. We tested the hypothesis that APP is an extracellular matrix adhesion molecule in experiments that isolated the function of APP from that of well-established adhesion molecules. To this end we plated wild-type, APP-, or β1-integrin (Itgb1)- misexpressing mouse hippocampal neurons on matrices of either laminin, recombinant L1, or synthetic peptides binding specifically to Itgb1 s or APP. We measured GC adhesion, initial axonal outgrowth, and substrate preference on alternating matrix stripes and made the following observations: Substrates of APP-binding peptide alone sustain neurite outgrowth; APP dosage controls GC adhesion to laminin and APP-binding peptide as well as axonal outgrowth in Itgb1- independent manner; and APP directs GCs in contact guidance assays. It follows that APP is an independently operating cell adhesion molecule that affects the GC's phenotype on APP-binding matrices including laminin, and that it is likely to affect axon pathfinding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jared Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Glorioso
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John M. Kittelson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Pfenninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lancaster S, Mansell JP. The role of lysophosphatidic acid on human osteoblast formation, maturation and the implications for bone health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Allaire PD, Seyed Sadr M, Chaineau M, Seyed Sadr E, Konefal S, Fotouhi M, Maret D, Ritter B, Del Maestro RF, McPherson PS. Interplay between Rab35 and Arf6 controls cargo recycling to coordinate cell adhesion and migration. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:722-31. [PMID: 23264734 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells inversely adjust the plasma membrane levels of integrins and cadherins during cell migration and cell-cell adhesion but the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate these trafficking events remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Rab35 maintains cadherins at the cell surface to promote cell-cell adhesion. Simultaneously, Rab35 supresses the activity of the GTPase Arf6 to downregulate an Arf6-dependent recycling pathway for β1-integrin and EGF receptors, resulting in inhibition of cell migration and attenuation of signaling downstream of these receptors. Importantly, the phenotypes of decreased cell adhesion and increased cell migration observed following Rab35 knock down are consistent with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a feature of invasive cancer cells, and we show that Rab35 expression is suppressed in a subset of cancers characterized by Arf6 hyperactivity. Our data thus identify a key molecular mechanism that efficiently coordinates the inverse intracellular sorting and cell surface levels of cadherin and integrin receptors for cell migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Allaire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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CHEN YIXIN, CHEN XIAOWEN, LI CHANGGANG, YUE LIJIE, MAI HUIRONG, WEN FEIQIU. Effect of tumor gangliosides on tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK in platelet adhesion to collagen. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:343-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901). Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:401-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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