1
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Loureiro B, Ereno RL, Pupulim AGR, Tramontana MCVB, Tabosa HP, Barros CM, Favoreto MG. Genome-wide association study of Nelore and Angus heifers with low and high ovarian follicle counts. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230110. [PMID: 38384724 PMCID: PMC10878542 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of antral follicles is considered an important fertility trait because animals with a high follicle count (HFC) produce more oocytes and embryos per cycle. Identification of these animals by genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can accelerate selection of future generations. The aim of this study was to perform a genome wide association study (GWAS) on Nelore and Angus heifers with HFC and low (LFC) antral follicle counts. The groups HFC and LFC for genotyping were formed based on the average of total follicles (≥ 3 mm) counted in each breed consistently ± standard deviation. A total of 72 Nelore heifers (32 HFC and 40 LFC) and 48 Angus heifers (21 HFC and 27 LFC) were selected and the DNA was extracted from blood and hair bulb. Genotyping was done using the Illumina Bovine HD 770K BeadChip. The GWAS analysis showed 181 and 201 SNPs with genotype/phenotype association (P ≤ 0.01) in Nelore and Angus heifers, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on candidate genes that were associated with SNPs. A total of 97 genes were associated to the 181 SNPs in the Nelore heifers and the functional analysis identified genes (ROBO1 and SLIT3) in the ROBO-SLIT pathway that can be involved in the control of germ cell migration in the ovary as it is involved in lutheal cell migration and fetal ovary development. In the Angus heifers, 57 genes were associated with the 201 SNPs, highlighting Fribilin 1 (FBN1) gene, involved in regulation of growth factors directly involved in follicle activation and development. In summary, GWAS for Nelore and Angus heifers showed SNPs associated with higher follicle count phenotype. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights for the further investigation of potential mechanism involved in follicle formation and development, important for breeding programs for both breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Loureiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Luiz Ereno
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Henrique Passos Tabosa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - Ciro Moraes Barros
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Maurício Gomes Favoreto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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2
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McKnite A, Kim HS, Silva J, Christian JL. Lack of evidence that fibrillin1 regulates bone morphogenetic protein 4 activity in kidney or lung. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:761-769. [PMID: 36825302 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) precursor protein is cleaved at two sites to generate an active ligand and inactive prodomain. The ligand and prodomain form a noncovalent complex following the first cleavage, but dissociate after the second cleavage. Transient formation of this complex is essential to generate a stable ligand. Fibrillins (FBNs) bind to the prodomains of BMPs, and can regulate the activity of some ligands. Whether FBNs regulate BMP4 activity is unknown. RESULTS Mice heterozygous for a null allele of Bmp4 showed incompletely penetrant kidney defects and females showed increased mortality between postnatal day 6 and 8. Removal of one copy of Fbn1 did not rescue or enhance kidney defects or lethality. The lungs of Fbn1+/- females had enlarged airspaces that were unchanged in Bmp4+/- ;Fbn1+/- mice. Additionally, removal of one or both alleles of Fbn1 had no effect on steady state levels of BMP4 ligand or on BMP activity in postnatal lungs. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not support the hypothesis that FBN1 plays a role in promoting BMP4 ligand stability or signaling, nor do they support the alternative hypothesis that FBN1 sequesters BMP4 in a latent form, as is the case for other BMP family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn McKnite
- Departments of Neurobiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Departments of Neurobiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jan L Christian
- Departments of Neurobiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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3
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Zhang RX, Wen Y, Guo DD, Xu FR, Wang GM, Wang XR, Shi YW, Ding J, Jiang Q, Jiang WJ, Jonas JB, Bi HS. Intravitreal injection of fibrillin 2 (Fbn2) recombinant protein for therapy of retinopathy in a retina-specific Fbn2 knock-down mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6865. [PMID: 37100863 PMCID: PMC10133334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the extracellular matrix gene Fibrillin-2 (FBN2) are related to genetic macular degenerative disorders including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and early-onset macular degeneration (EOMD). It was reported that the retinal protein expression of FBN2 was reduced in patients with AMD and EOMD. The effect of exogenously supplied fbn2 recombinant protein on fbn2-deficiency-related retinopathy was not known. Here we investigated the efficacy and molecular mechanism of intravitreally applied fibrin-2 recombinant protein in mice with fbn2-deficient retinopathy. The experimental study included groups (all n = 9) of adult C57BL/6J male mice which underwent no intervention, intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) empty vector or intravitreal injection of AAV-sh-fbn2 (adeno-associated virus for expressing short hairpin RNA for fibrillin-2) followed by three intravitreal injections of fbn2 recombinant protein, given in intervals of 8 days in doses of 0.30 μg, 0.75 μg, 1.50 μg, and 3.00 μg, respectively. Eyes with intravitreally applied AAV-sh-fbn2 as compared to eyes with injection of AAV-empty vector or developed an exudative retinopathy with involvement of the deep retinal layers, reduction in axial length and reduction in ERG amplitudes. After additional and repeated application of fbn2 recombinant protein, the retinopathy improved with an increase in retinal thickness and ERG amplitude, the mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and TGF-β binding protein (LTBP-1) increased, and axial length elongated, with the difference most marked for the dose of 0.75 μg of fbn2 recombinant protein. The observations suggest that intravitreally applied fbn2 recombinant protein reversed the retinopathy caused by an fbn2 knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Da Dong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, China
| | - Fu Ru Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gui Min Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Rong Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wei Shi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Jun Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, China.
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Hong Sheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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4
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Șulea CM, Mártonfalvi Z, Csányi C, Haluszka D, Pólos M, Ágg B, Stengl R, Benke K, Szabolcs Z, Kellermayer MSZ. Nanoscale Structural Comparison of Fibrillin-1 Microfibrils Isolated from Marfan and Non-Marfan Syndrome Human Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087561. [PMID: 37108724 PMCID: PMC10145871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 microfibrils are essential elements of the extracellular matrix serving as a scaffold for the deposition of elastin and endowing connective tissues with tensile strength and elasticity. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) are linked to Marfan syndrome (MFS), a systemic connective tissue disorder that, besides other heterogeneous symptoms, usually manifests in life-threatening aortic complications. The aortic involvement may be explained by a dysregulation of microfibrillar function and, conceivably, alterations in the microfibrils' supramolecular structure. Here, we present a nanoscale structural characterization of fibrillin-1 microfibrils isolated from two human aortic samples with different FBN1 gene mutations by using atomic force microscopy, and their comparison with microfibrillar assemblies purified from four non-MFS human aortic samples. Fibrillin-1 microfibrils displayed a characteristic "beads-on-a-string" appearance. The microfibrillar assemblies were investigated for bead geometry (height, length, and width), interbead region height, and periodicity. MFS fibrillin-1 microfibrils had a slightly higher mean bead height, but the bead length and width, as well as the interbead height, were significantly smaller in the MFS group. The mean periodicity varied around 50-52 nm among samples. The data suggest an overall thinner and presumably more frail structure for the MFS fibrillin-1 microfibrils, which may play a role in the development of MFS-related aortic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Șulea
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Mártonfalvi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csányi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Pólos
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roland Stengl
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Benke
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zoltán Szabolcs
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Marfan Foundation, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós S Z Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Aragam KG, Jiang T, Goel A, Kanoni S, Wolford BN, Atri DS, Weeks EM, Wang M, Hindy G, Zhou W, Grace C, Roselli C, Marston NA, Kamanu FK, Surakka I, Venegas LM, Sherliker P, Koyama S, Ishigaki K, Åsvold BO, Brown MR, Brumpton B, de Vries PS, Giannakopoulou O, Giardoglou P, Gudbjartsson DF, Güldener U, Haider SMI, Helgadottir A, Ibrahim M, Kastrati A, Kessler T, Kyriakou T, Konopka T, Li L, Ma L, Meitinger T, Mucha S, Munz M, Murgia F, Nielsen JB, Nöthen MM, Pang S, Reinberger T, Schnitzler G, Smedley D, Thorleifsson G, von Scheidt M, Ulirsch JC, Arnar DO, Burtt NP, Costanzo MC, Flannick J, Ito K, Jang DK, Kamatani Y, Khera AV, Komuro I, Kullo IJ, Lotta LA, Nelson CP, Roberts R, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Webb TR, Baras A, Björkegren JLM, Boerwinkle E, Dedoussis G, Holm H, Hveem K, Melander O, Morrison AC, Orho-Melander M, Rallidis LS, Ruusalepp A, Sabatine MS, Stefansson K, Zalloua P, Ellinor PT, Farrall M, Danesh J, Ruff CT, Finucane HK, Hopewell JC, Clarke R, Gupta RM, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Watkins H, Willer CJ, Deloukas P, Kathiresan S, Butterworth AS. Discovery and systematic characterization of risk variants and genes for coronary artery disease in over a million participants. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1803-1815. [PMID: 36474045 PMCID: PMC9729111 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genetic loci associated with complex diseases has outpaced the elucidation of mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 181,522 cases among 1,165,690 participants of predominantly European ancestry. We detected 241 associations, including 30 new loci. Cross-ancestry meta-analysis with a Japanese GWAS yielded 38 additional new loci. We prioritized likely causal variants using functionally informed fine-mapping, yielding 42 associations with less than five variants in the 95% credible set. Similarity-based clustering suggested roles for early developmental processes, cell cycle signaling and vascular cell migration and proliferation in the pathogenesis of CAD. We prioritized 220 candidate causal genes, combining eight complementary approaches, including 123 supported by three or more approaches. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we experimentally validated the effect of an enhancer in MYO9B, which appears to mediate CAD risk by regulating vascular cell motility. Our analysis identifies and systematically characterizes >250 risk loci for CAD to inform experimental interrogation of putative causal mechanisms for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna G Aragam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tao Jiang
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deepak S Atri
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elle M Weeks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Grace
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Marston
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick K Kamanu
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Loreto Muñoz Venegas
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ben Brumpton
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Syed M Ijlal Haider
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Maysson Ibrahim
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tomasz Konopka
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ling Li
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Federico Murgia
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shichao Pang
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gavin Schnitzler
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Moritz von Scheidt
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David O Arnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dong-Keun Jang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luca A Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Roberts
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicin, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Farrall
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Danesh
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Saffron Walden, UK.,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK. .,The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Mead TJ. ADAMTS6: Emerging roles in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and cancer biology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1023511. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1023511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS family members control mammalian development and disease, primarily through their function as proteases, by regulation of extracellular matrix composition. Until recently, ADAMTS6 was known as one of the orphan proteinases of the nineteen-member family with a relatively unknown expression pattern and function. Emerging focus on this enzyme has started to uncover these unknowns and revealed a vast importance and requirement of ADAMTS6 in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal development. In addition, ADAMTS6 has been linked to numerous disease settings including several types of cancer. This review summarizes the necessity of ADAMTS6 during development, its role in disease and requirement for essential prospective studies to fully realize its biological implications and potential for therapeutic intervention.
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7
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Mead TJ, Martin DR, Wang LW, Cain SA, Gulec C, Cahill E, Mauch J, Reinhardt D, Lo C, Baldock C, Apte SS. Proteolysis of fibrillin-2 microfibrils is essential for normal skeletal development. eLife 2022; 11:71142. [PMID: 35503090 PMCID: PMC9064305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes transition to mature ECM as development progresses, yet few mechanisms ensuring ECM proteostasis during this period are known. Fibrillin microfibrils are macromolecular ECM complexes serving structural and regulatory roles. In mice, Fbn1 and Fbn2, encoding the major microfibrillar components, are strongly expressed during embryogenesis, but fibrillin-1 is the major component observed in adult tissue microfibrils. Here, analysis of Adamts6 and Adamts10 mutant mouse embryos, lacking these homologous secreted metalloproteases individually and in combination, along with in vitro analysis of microfibrils, measurement of ADAMTS6-fibrillin affinities and N-terminomics discovery of ADAMTS6-cleaved sites, identifies a proteostatic mechanism contributing to postnatal fibrillin-2 reduction and fibrillin-1 dominance. The lack of ADAMTS6, alone and in combination with ADAMTS10 led to excess fibrillin-2 in perichondrium, with impaired skeletal development defined by a drastic reduction of aggrecan and cartilage link protein, impaired BMP signaling in cartilage, and increased GDF5 sequestration in fibrillin-2-rich tissue. Although ADAMTS6 cleaves fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 as well as fibronectin, which provides the initial scaffold for microfibril assembly, primacy of the protease-substrate relationship between ADAMTS6 and fibrillin-2 was unequivocally established by reversal of the defects in Adamts6-/- embryos by genetic reduction of Fbn2, but not Fbn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Lauren W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cagri Gulec
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisabeth Cahill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Mauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Dieter Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Clair Baldock
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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8
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Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:106-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Kanaan R, Medlej-Hashim M, Jounblat R, Pilecki B, Sorensen GL. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Peeters S, De Kinderen P, Meester JAN, Verstraeten A, Loeys BL. The fibrillinopathies: new insights with focus on the paradigm of opposing phenotypes for both FBN1 and FBN2. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:815-831. [PMID: 35419902 PMCID: PMC9322447 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Different pathogenic variants in the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1) cause Marfan syndrome and acromelic dysplasias. Whereas the musculoskeletal features of Marfan syndrome involve tall stature, arachnodactyly, joint hypermobility, and muscle hypoplasia, acromelic dysplasia patients present with short stature, brachydactyly, stiff joints, and hypermuscularity. Similarly, pathogenic variants in the fibrillin‐2 gene (FBN2) cause either a Marfanoid congenital contractural arachnodactyly or a FBN2‐related acromelic dysplasia that most prominently presents with brachydactyly. The phenotypic and molecular resemblances between both the FBN1 and FBN2‐related disorders suggest that reciprocal pathomechanistic lessons can be learned. In this review, we provide an updated overview and comparison of the phenotypic and mutational spectra of both the “tall” and “short” fibrillinopathies. The future parallel functional study of both FBN1/2‐related disorders will reveal new insights into how pathogenic fibrillin variants differently affect the fibrillin microfibril network and/or growth factor homeostasis in clinically opposite syndromes. This knowledge may eventually be translated into new therapeutic approaches by targeting or modulating the fibrillin microfibril network and/or the signaling pathways under its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Peeters
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pauline De Kinderen
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Josephina A N Meester
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Is physical activity a future therapy for patients with Marfan syndrome? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35144638 PMCID: PMC8832740 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The international recommendations tend to avoid physical activity (PA) for patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). However, exceptions have recently been made in the most recent recommendations for these patients, suggesting benefits from doing PA at low intensity only. Furthermore, there is no evidence that moderate aerobic or weight training can worsen the disease symptoms and increase mortality of MFS patients. The present review sums up the work carried out in the field of PA and MFS. The review aims to (1) identify the different types of exercise testing and training protocols and (2) discuss the feasibility and potentially beneficial nature of PA as an innovative way to manage MFS patients.
Methods The scientific literature was reviewed using the following words: Marfan syndrome, training, physical activity, evaluation, weight training, arterial disease, aneurysms, lung damage, aortic dissection, rupture. A total of 345 studies were prospected and 43 studies were included. Conclusions A limited number of studies were done in humans, however one demonstrated the feasibility of the management of MFS patients with PA. There were potential beneficial effects of PA on arterial structures, but this review also showed deleterious effects when PA was conducted at high intensities, corresponding to 75–85% of the maximal oxygen uptake. However, these effects have only been reported in animal studies.
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12
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O-fucosylation of thrombospondin type 1 repeats is essential for ECM remodeling and signaling during bone development. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:77-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Cossarizza A, Quaglino D. The "Elastic Perspective" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031559. [PMID: 35163482 PMCID: PMC8835950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin represents the structural component of the extracellular matrix providing elastic recoil to tissues such as skin, blood vessels and lungs. Elastogenic cells secrete soluble tropoelastin monomers into the extracellular space where these monomers associate with other matrix proteins (e.g., microfibrils and glycoproteins) and are crosslinked by lysyl oxidase to form insoluble fibres. Once elastic fibres are formed, they are very stable, highly resistant to degradation and have an almost negligible turnover. However, there are circumstances, mainly related to inflammatory conditions, where increased proteolytic degradation of elastic fibres may lead to consequences of major clinical relevance. In severely affected COVID-19 patients, for instance, the massive recruitment and activation of neutrophils is responsible for the profuse release of elastases and other proteolytic enzymes which cause the irreversible degradation of elastic fibres. Within the lungs, destruction of the elastic network may lead to the permanent impairment of pulmonary function, thus suggesting that elastases can be a promising target to preserve the elastic component in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, intrinsic and extrinsic factors additionally contributing to damaging the elastic component and to increasing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Williamson DB, Sohn CJ, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 O-glucosylate multiple EGF repeats in fibrillin-1, -2, and LTBP1 and promote secretion of fibrillin-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101055. [PMID: 34411563 PMCID: PMC8405936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils, which are required for proper development of elastic tissues, including the heart and lungs. Through protein-protein interactions with latent transforming growth factor (TGF) β-binding protein 1 (LTBP1), microfibrils regulate TGF-β signaling. Mutations within the 47 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of FBN1 cause autosomal dominant disorders including Marfan Syndrome, which is characterized by disrupted TGF-β signaling. We recently identified two novel protein O-glucosyltransferases, Protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 (POGLUT2) and 3 (POGLUT3), that modify a small fraction of EGF repeats on Notch. Here, using mass spectral analysis, we show that POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 also modify over half of the EGF repeats on FBN1, fibrillin-2 (FBN2), and LTBP1. While most sites are modified by both enzymes, some sites show a preference for either POGLUT2 or POGLUT3. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 are homologs of POGLUT1, which stabilizes Notch proteins by addition of O-glucose to Notch EGF repeats. Like POGLUT1, POGLUT2 and 3 can discern a folded versus unfolded EGF repeat, suggesting POGLUT2 and 3 are involved in a protein folding pathway. In vitro secretion assays using the N-terminal portion of recombinant FBN1 revealed reduced FBN1 secretion in POGLUT2 knockout, POGLUT3 knockout, and POGLUT2 and 3 double-knockout HEK293T cells compared with wild type. These results illustrate that POGLUT2 and 3 function together to O-glucosylate protein substrates and that these modifications play a role in the secretion of substrate proteins. It will be interesting to see how disease variants in these proteins affect their O-glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Williamson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Camron J Sohn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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15
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Wu HJ, Mortlock DP, Kuchtey RW, Kuchtey J. Altered Ocular Fibrillin Microfibril Composition in Mice With a Glaucoma-Causing Mutation of Adamts10. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34424262 PMCID: PMC8383930 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we identified a G661R mutation of ADAMTS10 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 10) as being disease causative in a colony of Beagles with inherited primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mutations in ADAMTS10 are known to cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS), which is also caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), suggesting functional linkage between ADAMTS10 and fibrillin-1, the principal component of microfibrils. Here, we established a mouse line with the G661R mutation of Adamts10 (Adamts10G661R/G661R) to determine if they develop features of WMS and alterations of ocular fibrillin microfibrils. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a TonoLab rebound tonometer. Central cornea thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) of the eye were examined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Sagittal eye sections from mice at postnatal day 10 (P10) and at 3 and 24 months of age were stained with antibodies against fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, and ADAMTS10. Results IOP was not elevated in Adamts10G661R/G661R mice. Adamts10G661R/G661R mice had smaller bodies, thicker CCT, and shallower ACD compared to wild-type mice but normal AL. Adamts10G661R/G661R mice displayed persistent fibrillin-2 and enhanced fibrillin-1 immunofluorescence in the lens zonules and in the hyaloid vasculature and its remnants in the vitreous. Conclusions Adamts10G661R/G661R mice recapitulate the short stature and ocular phenotypes of WMS. The altered fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 immunoactivity in Adamts10G661R/G661R mice suggests that the G661R mutation of Adamts10 perturbs regulation of the fibrillin isotype composition of microfibrils in the mouse eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Jing Wu
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - John Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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16
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Donner I, Sipilä LJ, Plaketti RM, Kuosmanen A, Forsström L, Katainen R, Kuismin O, Aavikko M, Romsi P, Kariniemi J, Aaltonen LA. Next-generation sequencing in a large pedigree segregating visceral artery aneurysms suggests potential role of COL4A1/COL4A2 in disease etiology. Vascular 2021; 30:842-847. [PMID: 34281442 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211033157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) can be fatal if ruptured. Although a relatively rare incident, it holds a contemporary mortality rate of approximately 12%. VAAs have multiple possible causes, one of which is genetic predisposition. Here, we present a striking family with seven individuals affected by VAAs, and one individual affected by a visceral artery pseudoaneurysm. METHODS We exome sequenced the affected family members and the parents of the proband to find a possible underlying genetic defect. As exome sequencing did not reveal any feasible protein-coding variants, we combined whole-genome sequencing of two individuals with linkage analysis to find a plausible non-coding culprit variant. Variants were ranked by the deep learning framework DeepSEA. RESULTS Two of seven top-ranking variants, NC_000013.11:g.108154659C>T and NC_000013.11:g.110409638C>T, were found in all VAA-affected individuals, but not in the individual affected by the pseudoaneurysm. The second variant is in a candidate cis-regulatory element in the fourth intron of COL4A2, proximal to COL4A1. CONCLUSIONS As type IV collagens are essential for the stability and integrity of the vascular basement membrane and involved in vascular disease, we conclude that COL4A1 and COL4A2 are strong candidates for VAA susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa-Maria Plaketti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Forsström
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, 60664Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, 60664Oulu University Hospitaland University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Romsi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 60664Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Kariniemi
- Department of Radiology, 60664Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, 3835University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Controlling BMP growth factor bioavailability: The extracellular matrix as multi skilled platform. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110071. [PMID: 34217834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily of signaling ligands which comprise a family of pluripotent cytokines regulating a multitude of cellular events. Although BMPs were originally discovered as potent factors extractable from bone matrix that are capable to induce ectopic bone formation in soft tissues, their mode of action has been mostly studied as soluble ligands in absence of the physiologically relevant cellular microenvironment. This micro milieu is defined by supramolecular networks of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that specifically target BMP ligands, present them to their cellular receptors, and allow their controlled release. Here we focus on functional interactions and mechanisms that were described to control BMP bioavailability in a spatio-temporal manner within the respective tissue context. Structural disturbance of the ECM architecture due to mutations in ECM proteins leads to dysregulated BMP signaling as underlying cause for connective tissue disease pathways. We will provide an overview about current mechanistic concepts of how aberrant BMP signaling drives connective tissue destruction in inherited and chronic diseases.
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18
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Hu L, Li H, Sun G, Wu K, Luan Z, Xiang Y, Tang S. Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis of a family with congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1638. [PMID: 33638605 PMCID: PMC8123754 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2). The primary clinical symptoms of CCA include multiple flexion contractures, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, scoliosis, abnormal pinnae, muscular hypoplasia, and crumpled ears. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing technology to examine an arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and used Sanger sequencing technology to genetically confirm its family. RESULTS FBN2 c.3344A>T(p.D1115V) was identified in this family with CCA in a pedigree. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling were carried out simultaneously to avoid the birth of the sick fetus. CONCLUSION The study is on FBN2 variant in CCA, which potentially having implications for genetic counseling and clinical management, our study may provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Prenatal Diganosis Center, Yiwu Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhaotang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yanbao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Shiroto Y, Saga R, Yoshino H, Hosokawa Y, Isokawa K, Tsuruga E. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activated by Ultraviolet-B Degrades Human Ciliary Zonules In Vitro. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:1-9. [PMID: 33731965 PMCID: PMC7947639 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ciliary zonules, also known as the zonules of Zinn, help to control the thickness of the lens during focusing. The ciliary zonules are composed of oxytalan fibers, which are synthesized by human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (HNPCEC). The ciliary zonules are exposed to ultraviolet (UV), especially UV-A and UV-B, throughout life. We previously demonstrated that UV-B, but not UV-A, degrades fibrillin-1- and fibrillin-2-positive oxytalan fibers. However, the mechanism by which UV-B degrades oxytalan fibers remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the UV-B-induced degradation of fibrillin-1- and fibrillin-2-positive oxytalan fibers in cultured HNPCECs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that UV-B irradiation at levels of 100 and 150 mJ/cm2 significantly increased the level of active MMP-2. Notably, MMP-2 inhibitors completely suppressed the degradation of fibrillin-1- and fibrillin-2-positive oxytalan fibers. In addition, we show that UV-B activates MMP-2 via stress-responsive kinase p38. Taken together, the results suggest that UV-B activates a production of active type of MMP-2 via the p38 pathway, and subsequently, an active-type MMP-2 degrades the fibrillin-1- and fibrillin-2-positive oxytalan fibers in cultured HNPCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shiroto
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | | | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
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20
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Almeida-González FR, González-Vázquez A, Mithieux SM, O'Brien FJ, Weiss AS, Brougham CM. A step closer to elastogenesis on demand; Inducing mature elastic fibre deposition in a natural biomaterial scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111788. [PMID: 33545914 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibres play a key role in bodily functions where fatigue resistance and elastic recovery are necessary while regulating phenotype, proliferation and migration in cells. While in vivo elastic fibres are created at a late foetal stage, a major obstacle in the development of engineered tissue is that human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs), one of the principal elastogenic cells, are unable to spontaneously promote elastogenesis in vitro. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to activate elastogenesis in vitro by hVSMCs seeded in fibrin, collagen, glycosaminoglycan (FCG) scaffolds, following the addition of recombinant human tropoelastin. This combination of scaffold, tropoelastin and cells induced the deposition of elastin and formation of lamellar maturing elastic fibres, similar to those found in skin, blood vessels and heart valves. Furthermore, higher numbers of maturing branched elastic fibres were synthesised when a higher cell density was used and by drop-loading tropoelastin onto cell-seeded FCG scaffolds prior to adding growth medium. The addition of tropoelastin showed no effect on cell proliferation or mechanical properties of the scaffold which remained dimensionally stable throughout. With these results, we have established a natural biomaterial scaffold that can undergo controlled elastogenesis on demand, suitable for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Almeida-González
- Biomedical Research Group, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Bolton St, Dublin 1, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Arlyng González-Vázquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, Ireland
| | - Suzanne M Mithieux
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, Ireland
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Claire M Brougham
- Biomedical Research Group, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Bolton St, Dublin 1, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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21
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Feneck EM, Lewis PN, Meek KM. Identification of a Primary Stroma and Novel Endothelial Cell Projections in the Developing Human Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:5. [PMID: 32492106 PMCID: PMC7415898 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the initial events in the development of the human cornea, focusing on cell migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis and organization. To determine whether elastic fibers are present in the extracellular matrix during early human corneal development. Methods Human corneas were collected from week 7 to week 17 of development. An elastic fiber-enhancing stain, tannic acid–uranyl acetate, was applied to all tissue. Three-dimensional serial block-face scanning electron microscopy combined with conventional transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the corneal stroma. Results An acellular collagenous primary stroma with an orthogonal arrangement of fibrils was identified in the central cornea from week 7 of corneal development. At week 7.5, mesenchymal cells migrated toward the central cornea and associated with the acellular collagenous matrix. Novel cell extensions from the endothelium were identified. Elastic fibers were found concentrated in the posterior peripheral corneal stroma from week 12 of corneal development. Conclusions This study provides novel evidence of an acellular primary stroma in the early development of the embryonic human cornea. Cell extensions exist as part of a communication system and are hypothesized to assist in the migration of the mesenchymal cells and the development of the mature cornea. Elastic fibers identified in early corneal development may play an important role in establishing corneal shape.
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22
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Yap WF, Chong HC. Co-existence of Marfan syndrome and systemic sclerosis: A case report and a hypothesis suggesting a common link. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1568-1573. [PMID: 32969582 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FBN1 gene encodes for the connective tissue protein fibrillin-1 which can also regulate the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1. Mutations in the FBN1 gene cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), a genetic condition with defective connective tissues. FBN1 haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms have also been reported to be associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of multiple organs. Furthermore, the duplication of the Fbn1 gene causes a SSc-like disease in the TsK1 mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of MFS and SSc co-existing in a patient. Here, we describe a 46-year-old woman who presented with cardiac failure. She had a family history of MFS. Physical examination revealed marfanoid habitus and scleroderma features. Echocardiography demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy with aortic root dilatation, aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy, mid-wall fibrosis at basal septal wall and dilated aortic root. Extractable nuclear antigen panel detected anti-Scl 70. She fulfilled Ghent criteria for MFS and satisfied American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for SSc. Although we do not have the FBN1 sequence in our patient, the co-existence of MFS and SSc in this patient raises the possibility of co-existence of distinct mutations in the FBN1 gene that could affect TGF-β signaling differently, resulting in divergent pathologic consequences - loss of structural integrity in MFS versus increased extracellular matrix deposition in SSc, and different clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Fang Yap
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Hwee Cheng Chong
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
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23
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Abbas Y, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Gardner L, Thomas J, Brosens JJ, Moffett A, Sharkey AM, Franze K, Burton GJ, Oyen ML. Tissue stiffness at the human maternal-fetal interface. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1999-2008. [PMID: 31579915 PMCID: PMC6809602 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the stiffness (elastic modulus) of human nonpregnant secretory phase endometrium, first trimester decidua, and placenta? SUMMARY ANSWER The stiffness of decidua basalis, the site of placental invasion, was an order of magnitude higher at 103 Pa compared to 102 Pa for decidua parietalis, nonpregnant endometrium and placenta. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mechanical forces have profound effects on cell behavior, regulating both cell differentiation and migration. Despite their importance, very little is known about their effects on blastocyst implantation and trophoblast migration during placental development because of the lack of mechanical characterization at the human maternal–fetal interface. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An observational study was conducted to measure the stiffness of ex vivo samples of human nonpregnant secretory endometrium (N = 5) and first trimester decidua basalis (N = 6), decidua parietalis (N = 5), and placenta (N = 5). The stiffness of the artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), Matrigel®, commonly used to study migration of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in three dimensions and to culture endometrial and placental organoids, was also determined (N = 5). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Atomic force microscopy was used to perform ex vivo direct measurements to determine the stiffness of fresh tissue samples. Decidua was stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HLA-G+ EVT to confirm whether samples were decidua basalis or decidua parietalis. Endometrium was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to confirm the presence of luminal epithelium. Single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed to determine expression of ECM transcripts by decidual and placental cells. Fibrillin 1, a protein identified by these data, was stained by IHC in decidua basalis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed that decidua basalis was significantly stiffer than decidua parietalis, at 1250 and 171 Pa, respectively (P < 0.05). The stiffness of decidua parietalis was similar to nonpregnant endometrium and placental tissue (250 and 232 Pa, respectively). These findings suggest that it is the presence of invading EVT that is driving the increase in stiffness in decidua basalis. The stiffness of Matrigel® was found to be 331 Pa, significantly lower than decidua basalis (P < 0.05). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Tissue stiffness was derived by ex vivo measurements on blocks of fresh tissue in the absence of blood flow. The nonpregnant endometrium samples were obtained from women undergoing treatment for infertility. These may not reflect the stiffness of endometrium from normal fertile women. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These results provide direct measurements of tissue stiffness during the window of implantation and first trimester of human pregnancy. They serve as a basis of future studies exploring the impact of mechanics on embryo implantation and development of the placenta. The findings provide important baseline data to inform matrix stiffness requirements when developing in vitro models of trophoblast stem cell development and migration that more closely resemble the decidua in vivo. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Centre for Trophoblast Research, the Wellcome Trust (090108/Z/09/Z, 085992/Z/08/Z), the Medical Research Council (MR/P001092/1), the European Research Council (772426), an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Doctoral Training Award (1354760), a UK Medical Research Council and Sackler Foundation Doctoral Training Grant (RG70550) and a Wellcome Trust Doctoral Studentship (215226/Z/19/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassen Abbas
- The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Lucy Gardner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Jake Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Kristian Franze
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Michelle L Oyen
- The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA
- Correspondence address: Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. Tel: +1 (252) 737-7753. E-mail:
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Tsang HG, Clark EL, Markby GR, Bush SJ, Hume DA, Corcoran BM, MacRae VE, Summers KM. Expression of Calcification and Extracellular Matrix Genes in the Cardiovascular System of the Healthy Domestic Sheep ( Ovis aries). Front Genet 2020; 11:919. [PMID: 33101359 PMCID: PMC7506100 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system requires expression of genes that contribute to essential biological activities and repression of those that are associated with functions likely to be detrimental to cardiovascular homeostasis. Vascular calcification is a major disruption to cardiovascular homeostasis, where tissues of the cardiovascular system undergo ectopic calcification and consequent dysfunction, but little is known about the expression of calcification genes in the healthy cardiovascular system. Large animal models are of increasing importance in cardiovascular disease research as they demonstrate more similar cardiovascular features (in terms of anatomy, physiology and size) to humans than do rodent species. We used RNA sequencing results from the sheep, which has been utilized extensively to examine calcification of prosthetic cardiac valves, to explore the transcriptome of the heart and cardiac valves in this large animal, in particular looking at expression of calcification and extracellular matrix genes. We then examined genes implicated in the process of vascular calcification in a wide array of cardiovascular tissues and across multiple developmental stages, using RT-qPCR. Our results demonstrate that there is a balance between genes that promote and those that suppress mineralization during development and across cardiovascular tissues. We show extensive expression of genes encoding proteins involved in formation and maintenance of the extracellular matrix in cardiovascular tissues, and high expression of hematopoietic genes in the cardiac valves. Our analysis will support future research into the functions of implicated genes in the development of valve calcification, and increase the utility of the sheep as a large animal model for understanding ectopic calcification in cardiovascular disease. This study provides a foundation to explore the transcriptome of the developing cardiovascular system and is a valuable resource for the fields of mammalian genomics and cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Gwen Tsang
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Greg R. Markby
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendan M. Corcoran
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky E. MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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25
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Huang L, Zhao Z, Wen J, Ling W, Miao Y, Wu J. Cellular senescence: A pathogenic mechanism of pelvic organ prolapse (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2155-2162. [PMID: 32705234 PMCID: PMC7411359 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common symptom of pelvic floor disorders which is characterized by the descent of the uterus, bladder or bowel from their normal anatomical position towards or through the vagina. Among the older population, the incidence of POP increases with age. It is becoming necessary to recognize that POP is a degenerative disease that is correlated with age. In recent years, studies have been performed to improve understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms concerning senescent fibroblasts in pelvic tissues, which contribute to the loss of structure supporting the pelvic organs. These mechanisms can be classified into gene and mitochondrial dysfunctions, intrinsic senescence processes, protein imbalance and alterations in stem cells. The present review provides an integrated overview of the current research and concepts regarding POP, in addition to discussing how fibroblasts can be targeted to evade the negative impact of senescence on POP. However, it is probable that other mechanisms that can also cause POP exist during cell senescence, which necessitates further research and provides new directions in the development of novel medical treatment, stem cell therapy and non-surgical interventions for POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Huang
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jirui Wen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wang Ling
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yali Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Desai D, Stiene D, Song T, Sadayappan S. Distal Arthrogryposis and Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome - An Overview. Front Physiol 2020; 11:689. [PMID: 32670090 PMCID: PMC7330016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a skeletal muscle disorder which can be classified under a broader term as Arthrogryposis multiplex contractures. DA is characterized by the presence of joint contractures at various parts of the body, particularly in distal extremities. It is identified as an autosomal dominant and a rare X-linked recessive disorder associated with increased connective tissue formation around joints in such way that immobilizes muscle movement causing deformities. DA is again classified into various types since it manifests as a range of conditions representing different etiologies. Myopathy is one of the most commonly listed etiologies of DA. The mutations in sarcomeric protein-encoding genes lead to decreased sarcomere integrity, which is often associated with this disorder. Also, skeletal disorders are often associated with cardiac disorders. Some studies mention the presence of cardiomyopathy in patients with skeletal dysfunction. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the congenitally mutated protein that causes DA can also lead to cardiomyopathy. In this review, we will summarize the different forms of DA and their clinical features, along with gene mutations responsible for causing DA in its different forms. We will also examine reports that list mutations also known to cause heart disorders in the presence of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danielle Stiene
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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27
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Parrado C, Nicolas J, Juarranz A, Gonzalez S. The role of the aqueous extract Polypodium leucotomos in photoprotection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:831-843. [PMID: 33856681 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solar radiation in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and infrared (IR) ranges produces different biological effects in humans. Most of these, particularly those derived from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are harmful to the skin, and include cutaneous aging and increased risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. Pharmacological photoprotection is mostly topical, but it can also be systemic. Oral photoprotectives constitute a new generation of drugs to combat the deleterious effects of solar radiation. Among these, an extract of Polypodium leucotomos (PL/Fernblock®, IFC Group, Spain) contains a high content of phenolic compounds that endow it with antioxidant activity. PL can administered orally or topically and is completely safe. PL complements and enhances endogenous antioxidant systems by neutralizing superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and lipoperoxides. In addition to its antioxidant activity, PL also improves DNA repair and modulates immune and inflammatory responses. These activities are likely due to its ability to inhibit the generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by UVR, VIS, and IR radiation. PL also prevents direct DNA damage by accelerating the removal of induced photoproducts and decreasing UV-induced mutations. Oral PL increases the expression of active p53, decreases cell proliferation, and inhibits UV-induced COX-2 enzyme levels. PL has been used to treat skin diseases such as photodermatoses and pigmentary disorders and recently as a complement of photodynamic phototherapy in actinic keratoses. The photoprotective capability of PL has been proven in a multitude of in vitro and in vivo studies, which include animal models and clinical trials with human subjects. Based on this evidence, PL is a new generation photoprotector with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that also protects DNA integrity and enhances the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jimena Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.
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Langton AK, Hann M, Costello P, Halai P, Sisto Alessi César S, Lien-Lun Chien A, Kang S, Griffiths CEM, Sherratt MJ, Watson REB. Heterogeneity of fibrillin-rich microfibrils extracted from human skin of diverse ethnicity. J Anat 2020; 237:478-486. [PMID: 32452018 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal elastic fibre network is the primary effector of skin elasticity, enabling it to extend and recoil many times over the lifetime of the individual. Fibrillin-rich microfibrils (FRMs) constitute integral components of the elastic fibre network, with their distribution showing differential deposition in the papillary dermis across individuals of diverse skin ethnicity. Despite these differential findings in histological presentation, it is not known if skin ethnicity influences FRM ultrastructure. FRMs are evolutionarily highly conserved from jellyfish to man and, regardless of tissue type or species, isolated FRMs have a characteristic 'beads-on-a-string' ultrastructural appearance, with an average inter-bead distance (or periodicity) of 56 nm. Here, skin biopsies were obtained from the photoprotected buttock of healthy volunteers (18-27 years; African: n = 5; European: n = 5), and FRMs were isolated from the superficial papillary dermis and deeper reticular dermis and imaged by atomic force microscopy. In the reticular dermis, there was no significant difference in FRM ultrastructure between European and African participants. In contrast, in the more superficial papillary dermis, inter-bead periodicity was significantly larger for FRMs extracted from European participants than from African participants by 2.20 nm (p < .001). We next assessed whether these differences in FRM ultrastructure were present during early postnatal development by characterizing FRMs from full-thickness neonatal foreskin. Analysis of FRM periodicity identified no significant difference between neonatal cohorts (p = .865). These data suggest that at birth, FRMs are developmentally invariant. However, in adults of diverse skin ethnicity, there is a deviation in ultrastructure for the papillary dermal FRMs that may be acquired during the passage of time from child to adulthood. Understanding the mechanism by which this difference in papillary dermal FRMs arises warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Langton
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Hann
- Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick Costello
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Poonam Halai
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Anna Lien-Lun Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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29
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Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in adipose tissue function and metabolic disorders. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:159-173. [PMID: 32279186 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix microenvironment of adipose tissue is of critical importance for the differentiation, remodeling and function of adipocytes. Fibrillin-1 is one of the main components of microfibrils and a key player in this process. Furin processing of profibrillin-1 results in mature fibrillin-1 and releases the C-terminal propeptide as a circulating hunger hormone, asprosin. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene lead to adipose tissue dysfunction and causes Marfan syndrome, marfanoid progeroid lipodystrophy syndrome, and neonatal progeroid syndrome. Increased TGF-β signaling, altered mechanical properties and impaired adipogenesis are potential causes of adipose tissue dysfunction, mediated through deficient microfibrils. Circulating asprosin on the other hand is secreted primarily by white adipose tissue under fasting conditions and in obesity. It increases hepatic glucose production and drives insulin secretion and appetite stimulation through inter-organ cross talk. This review discusses the metabolic consequences of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in pathological conditions. Understanding the dynamic role of fibrillin-1 in the adipose tissue milieu and of circulating asprosin in the body can provide novel mechanistic insights into how fibrillin-1 may contribute to metabolic syndrome. This could lead to new management regimens of patients with metabolic disease.
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30
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Feneck EM, Souza RB, Lewis PN, Hayes S, Pereira LV, Meek KM. Developmental abnormalities in the cornea of a mouse model for Marfan syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:108001. [PMID: 32173378 PMCID: PMC7232021 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibres provide tissues with elasticity and flexibility. In the healthy human cornea, elastic fibres are limited to the posterior region of the peripheral stroma, but their specific functional role remains elusive. Here, we examine the physical and structural characteristics of the cornea during development in the mgΔloxPneo dominant-negative mouse model for Marfan syndrome, in which the physiological extracellular matrix of its elastic-fibre rich tissues is disrupted by the presence of a dysfunctional fibrillin-1 glycoprotein. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated a reduced corneal thickness in the mutant compared to wild type mice from embryonic day 16.5 until adulthood. X-ray scattering and electron microscopy revealed a disruption to both the elastic fibre and collagen fibril ultrastructure in the knockout mice, as well as abnormally low levels of the proteoglycan decorin. It is suggested that these alterations might be a result of increased transforming growth factor beta signalling. To conclude, this study has demonstrated corneal structure and ultrastructure to be altered when fibrillin-1 is disrupted and has provided insights into the role of fibrillin-1 in developing a functional cornea. mgΔloxPneo mice showed abnormalities in corneal thickness from embryonic development through to adulthood. Elastic fibres were evident from E16.5 in both the WT and mgΔloxPneo mouse corneas. Adult mgΔloxPneo mouse corneas exhibited a disorganised elastic fibre network with unusually high levels of branching. The disrupted collagen arrangement seen in adult mgΔloxPneo mice corneas is likely linked to lower levels of decorin in these corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Feneck
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Rodrigo B Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sᾶo Paulo, Rua do Matᾶo, Sᾶo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip N Lewis
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sally Hayes
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sᾶo Paulo, Rua do Matᾶo, Sᾶo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keith M Meek
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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31
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Role of fibrillin-2 in the control of TGF-β activation in tumor angiogenesis and connective tissue disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188354. [PMID: 32119940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins constitute a family of large extracellular glycoproteins which multimerize to form microfibrils, an important structure in the extracellular matrix. It has long been assumed that fibrillin-2 was barely present during postnatal life, but it is now clear that fibrillin-2 molecules form the structural core of microfibrils, and are masked by an outer layer of fibrillin-1. Mutations in fibrillins give rise to heritable connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome and congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Fibrillins also play an important role in matrix sequestering of members of the transforming growth factor-β family, and in context of Marfan syndrome excessive TGF-β activation has been observed. TGF-β activation is highly dependent on integrin binding, including integrin αvβ8 and αvβ6, which are upregulated upon TGF-β exposure. TGF-β is also involved in tumor progression, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis. In several highly vascularized types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, a positive correlation was found between increased TGF-β plasma concentrations and tumor vascularity. Interestingly, fibrillin-1 has a higher affinity to TGF-β and, therefore, has a higher capacity to sequester TGF-β compared to fibrillin-2. The previously reported downregulation of fibrillin-1 in tumor endothelium affects the fibrillin-1/fibrillin-2 ratio in the microfibrils, exposing the normally hidden fibrillin-2. We postulate that fibrillin-2 exposure in the tumor endothelium directly stimulates tumor angiogenesis by influencing TGF-β sequestering by microfibrils, leading to a locally higher active TGF-β concentration in the tumor microenvironment. From a therapeutic perspective, fibrillin-2 might serve as a potential target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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32
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Hubmacher D. Cell-Based Interaction Analysis of ADAMTS Proteases and ADAMTS-Like Proteins with Fibrillin Microfibrils. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2043:195-206. [PMID: 31463913 PMCID: PMC6910243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9698-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a composite biomaterial that serves as an anchor for cells and provides guidance cues for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. However, many details of the hierarchical ECM assembly process and the role of individual protein-protein interactions are not well understood. Here, I describe a cell-culture-based method that allows for determination of the ECM localization of recombinant ADAMTS proteases and ADAMTS-like (L) proteins in relationship to fibrillin microfibrils deposited by human dermal fibroblasts. The method can be readily adapted to study the localization of ECM components other than ADAMTS and ADAMTSL proteins to fibrillin microfibrils and other ECM networks.
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33
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Godwin ARF, Singh M, Lockhart-Cairns MP, Alanazi YF, Cain SA, Baldock C. The role of fibrillin and microfibril binding proteins in elastin and elastic fibre assembly. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:17-30. [PMID: 31226403 PMCID: PMC6943813 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin is a large evolutionarily ancient extracellular glycoprotein that assembles to form beaded microfibrils which are essential components of most extracellular matrices. Fibrillin microfibrils have specific biomechanical properties to endow animal tissues with limited elasticity, a fundamental feature of the durable function of large blood vessels, skin and lungs. They also form a template for elastin deposition and provide a platform for microfibril-elastin binding proteins to interact in elastic fibre assembly. In addition to their structural role, fibrillin microfibrils mediate cell signalling via integrin and syndecan receptors, and microfibrils sequester transforming growth factor (TGF)β family growth factors within the matrix to provide a tissue store which is critical for homeostasis and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mukti Singh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael P Lockhart-Cairns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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34
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Tyagi T, Alarab M, Leong Y, Lye S, Shynlova O. Local oestrogen therapy modulates extracellular matrix and immune response in the vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2907-2919. [PMID: 30772947 PMCID: PMC6433658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of local oestrogen therapy (LET) on the expression of proteins participating in collagen/elastin biogenesis and immune markers in vaginal tissues of post‐menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Vaginal biopsies were collected from the anterior vaginal wall of informed and consented 52 post‐menopausal women with severe POP undergoing total hysterectomy. Twenty‐nine of the 52 women were treated with LET (in the form of vaginal oestrogen cream or tablet), while the remaining 23 untreated patients served as the controls. This study was approved by Sinai Health System REB. Vaginal tissue specimens were analysed for gene and protein expression using real‐time RT‐PCR and Luminex assays, protein localization and immune cell infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Forty‐four cytokines were detected. We found that LET application: (a) significantly increased (P < 0.05) gene and protein expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins, collagen and elastin, as well as the expression of ECM maturation enzyme BMP1; (b) decreased protein expression level of ECM degradation enzymes MMP1, MMP2 and MMP3 accompanied by an increase in their tissue inhibitors, TIMP1 and TIMP4; (c) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the gene and protein expression levels of 14 vaginal cytokines involved in leucocyte infiltration, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that LET plays an important role in the activation of immune system within the local vaginal environment, limiting the undesirable ECM degradation, which supports the strengthening of vaginal ECM in post‐menopausal women, therefore resisting menopause/age‐related changes and inducing urogenital tract tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Alarab
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Leong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Hubmacher D, Taye N, Balic Z, Thacker S, Adams SM, Birk DE, Schweitzer R, Apte SS. Limb- and tendon-specific Adamtsl2 deletion identifies a role for ADAMTSL2 in tendon growth in a mouse model for geleophysic dysplasia. Matrix Biol 2019; 82:38-53. [PMID: 30738849 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Geleophysic dysplasia is a rare, frequently lethal condition characterized by severe short stature with progressive joint contractures, cardiac, pulmonary, and skin anomalies. Geleophysic dysplasia results from dominant fibrillin-1 (FBN1) or recessive ADAMTSL2 mutations, suggesting a functional link between ADAMTSL2 and fibrillin microfibrils. Mice lacking ADAMTSL2 die at birth, which has precluded analysis of postnatal limb development and mechanisms underlying the skeletal anomalies of geleophysic dysplasia. Here, detailed expression analysis of Adamtsl2 using an intragenic lacZ reporter shows strong Adamtsl2 expression in limb tendons. Expression in developing and growing bones is present in regions that are destined to become articular cartilage but is absent in growth plate cartilage. Consistent with strong tendon expression, Adamtsl2 conditional deletion in limb mesenchyme using Prx1-Cre led to tendon anomalies, albeit with normal collagen fibrils, and distal limb shortening, providing a mouse model for geleophysic dysplasia. Unexpectedly, conditional Adamtsl2 deletion using Scx-Cre, a tendon-specific Cre-deleter strain, which does not delete in cartilage, also impaired skeletal growth. Recombinant ADAMTSL2 is shown here to colocalize with fibrillin microfibrils in vitro, and enhanced staining of fibrillin-1 microfibrils was observed in Prx1-Cre Adamtsl2 tendons. The findings show that ADAMTSL2 specifically regulates microfibril assembly in tendons and that proper microfibril composition in tendons is necessary for tendon growth. We speculate that reduced bone growth in geleophysic dysplasia may result from external tethering by short tendons rather than intrinsic growth plate anomalies. Taken together with previous work, we suggest that GD results from abnormal microfibril assembly in tissues, and that ADAMTSL2 may limit the assembly of fibrillin microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Nandaraj Taye
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Zerina Balic
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Stetson Thacker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR 97209, USA.
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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36
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The Fibrillin-1 RGD Integrin Binding Site Regulates Gene Expression and Cell Function through microRNAs. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:401-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Wang LW, Kutz WE, Mead TJ, Beene LC, Singh S, Jenkins MW, Reinhardt DP, Apte SS. Adamts10 inactivation in mice leads to persistence of ocular microfibrils subsequent to reduced fibrillin-2 cleavage. Matrix Biol 2018; 77:117-128. [PMID: 30201140 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the secreted metalloproteinase ADAMTS10 cause recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS), comprising ectopia lentis, short stature, brachydactyly, thick skin and cardiac valve anomalies. Dominant WMS caused by FBN1 mutations is clinically similar and affects fibrillin-1 microfibrils, which are a major component of the ocular zonule. ADAMTS10 was previously shown to enhance fibrillin-1 assembly in vitro. Here, Adamts10 null mice were analyzed to determine the impact of ADAMTS10 deficiency on fibrillin microfibrils in vivo. An intragenic lacZ reporter identified widespread Adamts10 expression in the eye, musculoskeletal tissues, vasculature, skin and lung. Adamts10-/- mice had reduced viability on the C57BL/6 background, and although surviving mice were slightly smaller and had stiff skin, they lacked brachydactyly and cardiovascular defects. Ectopia lentis was not observed in Adamts10-/- mice, similar to Fbn1-/- mice, most likely because the mouse zonule contains fibrillin-2 in addition to fibrillin-1. Unexpectedly, in contrast to wild-type eyes, Adamts10-/- zonule fibers were thicker and immunostained strongly with fibrillin-2 antibodies into adulthood, whereas fibrillin-1 staining was reduced. Furthermore, fibrillin-2 staining of hyaloid vasculature remnants persisted post-natally in Adamts10-/- eyes. ADAMTS10 was found to cleave fibrillin-2, providing an explanation for persistence of fibrillin-2 at these sites. Thus, analysis of Adamts10-/- mice led to identification of fibrillin-2 as a novel ADAMTS10 substrate and defined a proteolytic mechanism for clearance of ocular fibrillin-2 at the end of the juvenile period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wendy E Kutz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lauren C Beene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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38
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Zamarrón A, Lorrio S, González S, Juarranz Á. Fernblock Prevents Dermal Cell Damage Induced by Visible and Infrared A Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082250. [PMID: 30071607 PMCID: PMC6121512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun overexposure leads to higher risk of photoaging and skin cancer. The contribution of infrared (IR) and visible light (VIS) radiation is currently being taken into account in their pathogenesis. Erythema, hyperpigmentation, genotoxicity or the increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression are some of the effects induced by these types of radiation. Extracts of various botanicals endowed with antioxidant activity are emerging as new photoprotective compounds. A natural extract from Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®, FB) has antioxidant and photoprotective properties and exhibits a strong anti-aging effect. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacity of FB against the detrimental effects of infrared A (IRA) and VIS radiation in human dermal fibroblasts. We analyzed the effects of FB on the morphology, viability, cell cycle and expression of extracellular matrix components of fibroblasts subjected to VIS and IRA. Our results indicate that FB prevents cell damage caused by VIS and IRA. Moreover, it reduces the increase in MMP-1 and cathepsin K expression induced by both VIS and IRA radiation, and curbs alterations in fibrillin 1, fibrillin 2 and elastin expression. All these findings support FB as a feasible approach to prevent or treat skin damage caused by IRA or VIS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Zamarrón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Lin CJ, Lin CY, Stitziel NO. Genetics of the extracellular matrix in aortic aneurysmal diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:128-143. [PMID: 29656146 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are morbid conditions that can lead to rupture or dissection and are categorized as thoracic (TAA) or abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) depending on their location. While AAA shares overlapping risk factors with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, TAA exhibits strong heritability. Human genetic studies in the past two decades have successfully identified numerous genes involved in both familial and sporadic forms of aortic aneurysm. In this review we will discuss the genetic basis of aortic aneurysm, focusing on the extracellular matrix and how insights from these studies have informed our understanding of human biology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; McDonell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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40
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Acuna A, Drakopoulos MA, Leng Y, Goergen CJ, Calve S. Three-dimensional visualization of extracellular matrix networks during murine development. Dev Biol 2018; 435:122-129. [PMID: 29352963 PMCID: PMC6097807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in embryogenesis, serving both as a substrate to which cells attach and as an active regulator of cell behavior. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal expression patterns and 3D structure of ECM proteins during embryonic development. The lack of suitable methods to visualize the embryonic ECM is largely responsible for this gap, posing a major technical challenge for biologists and tissue engineers. Here, we describe a method of viewing the 3D organization of the ECM using a polyacrylamide-based hydrogel to provide a 3D framework within developing murine embryos. After removal of soluble proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate, confocal microscopy was used to visualize the 3D distribution of independent ECM networks in multiple developing tissues, including the forelimb, eye, and spinal cord. Comparative analysis of E12.5 and E14.5 autopods revealed proteoglycan-rich fibrils maintain connections between the epidermis and the underlying tendon and cartilage, indicating a role for the ECM during musculoskeletal assembly and demonstrating that our method can be a powerful tool for defining the spatiotemporal distribution of the ECM during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Acuna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael A Drakopoulos
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yue Leng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoproteins 1 and 2 (MAGP-1, MAGP-2) are protein components of extracellular matrix microfibrils. These proteins interact with fibrillin, the core component of microfibrils, and impart unique biological properties that influence microfibril function in vertebrates. MAGPs bind active forms of TGFβ and BMPs and are capable of modulating Notch signaling. Mutations in MAGP-1 or MAGP-2 have been linked to thoracic aneurysms and metabolic disease in humans. MAGP-2 has also been shown to be an important biomarker in several human cancers. Mice lacking MAGP-1 or MAGP-2 have defects in multiple organ systems, which reflects the widespread distribution of microfibrils in vertebrate tissues. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of the MAGPs and their relationship to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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42
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Mecham RP. Elastin in lung development and disease pathogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:6-20. [PMID: 29331337 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is expressed in most tissues that require elastic recoil. The protein first appeared coincident with the closed circulatory system, and was critical for the evolutionary success of the vertebrate lineage. Elastin is expressed by multiple cell types in the lung, including mesothelial cells in the pleura, smooth muscle cells in airways and blood vessels, endothelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. This highly crosslinked protein associates with fibrillin-containing microfibrils to form the elastic fiber, which is the physiological structure that functions in the extracellular matrix. Elastic fibers can be woven into many different shapes depending on the mechanical needs of the tissue. In large pulmonary vessels, for example, elastin forms continuous sheets, or lamellae, that separate smooth muscle layers. Outside of the vasculature, elastic fibers form an extensive fiber network that originates in the central bronchi and inserts into the distal airspaces and visceral pleura. The fibrous cables form a looping system that encircle the alveolar ducts and terminal air spaces and ensures that applied force is transmitted equally to all parts of the lung. Normal lung function depends on proper secretion and assembly of elastin, and either inhibition of elastin fiber assembly or degradation of existing elastin results in lung dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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43
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Rouf R, MacFarlane EG, Takimoto E, Chaudhary R, Nagpal V, Rainer PP, Bindman JG, Gerber EE, Bedja D, Schiefer C, Miller KL, Zhu G, Myers L, Amat-Alarcon N, Lee DI, Koitabashi N, Judge DP, Kass DA, Dietz HC. Nonmyocyte ERK1/2 signaling contributes to load-induced cardiomyopathy in Marfan mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91588. [PMID: 28768908 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among children with the most severe presentation of Marfan syndrome (MFS), an inherited disorder of connective tissue caused by a deficiency of extracellular fibrillin-1, heart failure is the leading cause of death. Here, we show that, while MFS mice (Fbn1C1039G/+ mice) typically have normal cardiac function, pressure overload (PO) induces an acute and severe dilated cardiomyopathy in association with fibrosis and myocyte enlargement. Failing MFS hearts show high expression of TGF-β ligands, with increased TGF-β signaling in both nonmyocytes and myocytes; pathologic ERK activation is restricted to the nonmyocyte compartment. Informatively, TGF-β, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), or ERK antagonism (with neutralizing antibody, losartan, or MEK inhibitor, respectively) prevents load-induced cardiac decompensation in MFS mice, despite persistent PO. In situ analyses revealed an unanticipated axis of activation in nonmyocytes, with AT1R-dependent ERK activation driving TGF-β ligand expression that culminates in both autocrine and paracrine overdrive of TGF-β signaling. The full compensation seen in wild-type mice exposed to mild PO correlates with enhanced deposition of extracellular fibrillin-1. Taken together, these data suggest that fibrillin-1 contributes to cardiac reserve in the face of hemodynamic stress, critically implicate nonmyocytes in disease pathogenesis, and validate ERK as a therapeutic target in MFS-related cardiac decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Rouf
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Varun Nagpal
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jay G Bindman
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Gerber
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Loretha Myers
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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44
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Pang KL, Parnall M, Loughna S. Effect of altered haemodynamics on the developing mitral valve in chick embryonic heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:114-126. [PMID: 28576718 PMCID: PMC5529288 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracardiac haemodynamics is crucial for normal cardiogenesis, with recent evidence showing valvulogenesis is haemodynamically dependent and inextricably linked with shear stress. Although valve anomalies have been associated with genetic mutations, often the cause is unknown. However, altered haemodynamics have been suggested as a pathogenic contributor to bicuspid aortic valve disease. Conversely, how abnormal haemodynamics impacts mitral valve development is still poorly understood. In order to analyse altered blood flow, the outflow tract of the chick heart was constricted using a ligature to increase cardiac pressure overload. Outflow tract-banding was performed at HH21, with harvesting at crucial valve development stages (HH26, HH29 and HH35). Although normal valve morphology was found in HH26 outflow tract banded hearts, smaller and dysmorphic mitral valve primordia were seen upon altered haemodynamics in histological and stereological analysis at HH29 and HH35. A decrease in apoptosis, and aberrant expression of a shear stress responsive gene and extracellular matrix markers in the endocardial cushions were seen in the chick HH29 outflow tract banded hearts. In addition, dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibrillin-2, type III collagen and tenascin were further demonstrated in more mature primordial mitral valve leaflets at HH35, with a concomitant decrease of ECM cross-linking enzyme, transglutaminase-2. These data provide compelling evidence that normal haemodynamics are a prerequisite for normal mitral valve morphogenesis, and abnormal blood flow could be a contributing factor in mitral valve defects, with differentiation as a possible underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Lai Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Matthew Parnall
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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45
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Park JW, Yan L, Stoddard C, Wang X, Yue Z, Crandall L, Robinson T, Chang Y, Denton K, Li E, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Martins-Taylor K, Yee SP, Nie H, Gu F, Si W, Xie T, Yue L, Xu RH. Recapitulating and Correcting Marfan Syndrome in a Cellular Model. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:588-603. [PMID: 28539832 PMCID: PMC5441176 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in FBN1 gene, which encodes a key extracellular matrix protein FIBRILLIN-1. The haplosufficiency of FBN1 has been implicated in pathogenesis of MFS with manifestations primarily in cardiovascular, muscular, and ocular tissues. Due to limitations in animal models to study the late-onset diseases, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a homogeneic tool for dissection of cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanism for MFS in vitro. Here, we first derived induced PSCs (iPSCs) from a MFS patient with a FBN1 mutation and corrected the mutation, thereby generating an isogenic "gain-of-function" control cells for the parental MFS iPSCs. Reversely, we knocked out FBN1 in both alleles in a wild-type (WT) human embryonic stem cell (ESC) line, which served as a loss-of-function model for MFS with the WT cells as an isogenic control. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from both FBN1-mutant iPSCs and -ESCs demonstrated reduced osteogenic differentiation and microfibril formation. We further demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells derived from FBN1-mutant iPSCs showed less sensitivity to carbachol as demonstrated by contractility and Ca2+ influx assay, compared to the isogenic controls cells. These findings were further supported by transcriptomic anaylsis of the cells. Therefore, this study based on both gain- and loss-of-function approaches confirmed the pathogenetic role of FBN1 mutations in these MFS-related phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Li Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chris Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leann Crandall
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tiwanna Robinson
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kyle Denton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Enqin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhenwu Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kristen Martins-Taylor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Design of an elastin-layered dermal regeneration template. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:33-40. [PMID: 27903444 PMCID: PMC5402719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel approach for the production of tunable quantities of elastic fibers. We also show that exogenous tropoelastin is rate-limiting for elastin synthesis regardless of the age of the dermal fibroblast donor. Additionally, we provide a strategy to further enhance synthesis by older cells through the application of conditioned media. We show that this approach delivers an elastin layer on one side of the leading dermal repair template for contact with the deep dermis in order to deliver prefabricated elastic fibers to a physiologically appropriate site during subsequent surgery. This system is attractive because it provides for the first time a viable path for sufficient, histologically detectable levels of patient elastin into full-thickness wound sites that have until now lacked this elastic underlayer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The scars of full thickness wounds typically lack elasticity. Elastin is essential for skin elasticity and is enriched in the deep dermis. This paper is significant because it shows that: (1) we can generate elastic fibers in tunable quantities, (2) tropoelastin is the rate-limiting component in elastin synthesis in vitro, (3) we can generate elastin fibers regardless of donor age, (4) we describe a novel approach to further increase the numbers and thickness of elastic fibers for older donors, (5) we improve on Integra Dermal Regeneration Template and generate a new hybrid biomaterial intended to subsequently surgically deliver these elastic fibers, (6) the elastic fiber layer is presented on the side of Integra that is intended for delivery into its physiologically appropriate site i.e. the deep dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Mithieux
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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47
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Unusual life cycle and impact on microfibril assembly of ADAMTS17, a secreted metalloprotease mutated in genetic eye disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41871. [PMID: 28176809 PMCID: PMC5296908 DOI: 10.1038/srep41871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted metalloproteases have diverse roles in the formation, remodeling, and the destruction of extracellular matrix. Recessive mutations in the secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS17 cause ectopia lentis and short stature in humans with Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome and primary open angle glaucoma and ectopia lentis in dogs. Little is known about this protease or its connection to fibrillin microfibrils, whose major component, fibrillin-1, is genetically associated with ectopia lentis and alterations in height. Fibrillin microfibrils form the ocular zonule and are present in the drainage apparatus of the eye. We show that recombinant ADAMTS17 has unique characteristics and an unusual life cycle. It undergoes rapid autocatalytic processing in trans after its secretion from cells. Secretion of ADAMTS17 requires O-fucosylation and its autocatalytic activity does not depend on propeptide processing by furin. ADAMTS17 binds recombinant fibrillin-2 but not fibrillin-1 and does not cleave either. It colocalizes to fibrillin-1 containing microfibrils in cultured fibroblasts and suppresses fibrillin-2 (FBN2) incorporation in microfibrils, in part by transcriptional downregulation of Fbn2 mRNA expression. RNA in situ hybridization detected Adamts17 expression in specific structures in the eye, skeleton and other organs, where it may regulate the fibrillin isoform composition of microfibrils.
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48
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Guo X, Song C, Shi Y, Li H, Meng W, Yuan Q, Xue J, Xie J, Liang Y, Yuan Y, Yu B, Wang H, Chen Y, Qi L, Li X. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel missense FBN2 mutation co-segregating in a four-generation Chinese family with congenital contractural arachnodactyly. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:91. [PMID: 27912749 PMCID: PMC5135809 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is an autosomal dominant rare genetic disease, estimated to be less than 1 in 10,000 worldwide. People with this condition often have permanently bent joints (contractures), like bent fingers and toes (camptodactyly). CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we investigated the genetic aetiology of CCA in a four-generation Chinese family. The blood samples were collected from 22 living members of the family in the Yangquan County, Shanxi Province, China. Of those, eight individuals across 3 generations have CCA. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a missense mutation involving a T-to-G transition at position 3229 (c.3229 T > G) in exon 25 of the FBN2 gene, resulting in a Cys 1077 to Gly change (p.C1077G). This previously unreported mutation was found in all 8 affected individuals, but absent in 14 unaffected family members. SIFT/PolyPhen prediction and protein conservation analysis suggest that this novel mutation is pathogenic. Our study extended causative mutation spectrum of FBN2 gene in CCA patients. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a novel missense mutation in FBN2 gene (p.C1077G) resulting in CCA in a family of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Song
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Meng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinzhao Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixiu Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Qi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Population and Family Planning Research Institute, 11 Beiyuan Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Tendons among connective tissue, mainly collagen, contain also elastic fibers (EF) made of fibrillin 1, fibrillin 2 and elastin that are broadly distributed in tendons and represent 1-2% of the dried mass of the tendon. Only in the last years, studies on structure and function of EF in tendons have been performed. Aim of this review is to revise data on the organization of EF in tendons, in particular fibrillin structure and function, and on the clinical manifestations associated to alterations of EF in tendons. Indeed, microfibrils may contribute to tendon mechanics; therefore, their alterations may cause joint hypermobility and contractures which have been found to be clinical features in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Beals syndrome. The two diseases are caused by mutations in genes FBN1 and FBN2 encoding fibrillin 1 and fibrillin 2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of De Novo Therapies (DENOTHE), University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
- Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders Regional (Tuscany) Referral Center, Careggi HospitalFlorence, Italy
| | - Guglielmina Pepe
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of De Novo Therapies (DENOTHE), University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
- Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders Regional (Tuscany) Referral Center, Careggi HospitalFlorence, Italy
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50
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Walji TA, Turecamo SE, DeMarsilis AJ, Sakai LY, Mecham RP, Craft CS. Characterization of metabolic health in mouse models of fibrillin-1 perturbation. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:63-76. [PMID: 26902431 PMCID: PMC4992667 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the microfibrillar protein fibrillin-1 or the absence of its binding partner microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP1) lead to increased TGFβ signaling due to an inability to sequester latent or active forms of TGFβ, respectively. Mouse models of excess TGFβ signaling display increased adiposity and predisposition to type-2 diabetes. It is therefore interesting that individuals with Marfan syndrome, a disease in which fibrillin-1 mutation leads to aberrant TGFβ signaling, typically present with extreme fat hypoplasia. The goal of this project was to characterize multiple fibrillin-1 mutant mouse strains to understand how fibrillin-1 contributes to metabolic health. The results of this study demonstrate that fibrillin-1 contributes little to lipid storage and metabolic homeostasis, which is in contrast to the obesity and metabolic changes associated with MAGP1 deficiency. MAGP1 but not fibrillin-1 mutant mice had elevated TGFβ signaling in their adipose tissue, which is consistent with the difference in obesity phenotypes. However, fibrillin-1 mutant strains and MAGP1-deficient mice all exhibit increased bone length and reduced bone mineralization which are characteristic of Marfan syndrome. Our findings suggest that Marfan-associated adipocyte hypoplasia is likely not due to microfibril-associated changes in adipose tissue, and provide evidence that MAGP1 may function independently of fibrillin in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezin A Walji
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah E Turecamo
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Antea J DeMarsilis
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lynn Y Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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