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Du Y, Zhang Y, Luo W, Gan F, Yang M, Gong P, Yao Y. The influence of radiation-induced bystander effect in osteoblasts mediated by plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149425. [PMID: 38211533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck tumor patients may develop post-radiotherapy diseases after radiotherapy treatment. And radiotherapy can elicit radiation-induced bystander effect, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role. For normal parts of the body that have not been directly irradiated, the effect of EVs on them needs to be further explored. This study aims to investigate the functions of plasma-derived EVs in regulating normal osteoblasts during radiation-induced bystander effects. METHODS AND MATERIALS Rat plasma-derived EVs were isolated and identified firstly, followed by an evaluation of their intracellular biological effects on normal osteoblasts in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analysis and confirmations were performed to identify potential mechanisms. RESULTS Irradiated plasma-derived EVs were found to enhance osteoblast proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression, concurrently suppressing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, these EVs attenuated the expression of osteogenesis and oxidative stress resistance related genes, while upregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway and intracellular reactive oxygen species in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Irradiated plasma-derived EVs could alter the biological effects in osteoblasts, which is closely associated with the levels of GPX1 and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This suggests that plasma-derived EVs serve as a crucial factor contributing to radiation-induced bystander effect in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Wenqiong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, China.
| | - Feihong Gan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Mao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
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2
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Park Y, Sato T, Lee J. Functional and analytical recapitulation of osteoclast biology on demineralized bone paper. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8092. [PMID: 38062034 PMCID: PMC10703810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the primary target for osteoporosis drug development. Recent animal studies revealed the crucial roles of osteoblasts in regulating osteoclastogenesis and the longer lifespans of osteoclasts than previously thought with fission and recycling. However, existing culture platforms are limited to replicating these newly identified cellular processes. We report a demineralized bone paper (DBP)-based osteoblast culture and osteoclast assay platform that replicates osteoclast fusion, fission, resorption, and apoptosis with high fidelity and analytical power. An osteoid-inspired DBP supports rapid and structural mineral deposition by osteoblasts. Coculture osteoblasts and bone marrow monocytes under biochemical stimulation recapitulate osteoclast differentiation and function. The DBP-based bone model allows longitudinal quantitative fluorescent monitoring of osteoclast responses to bisphosphonate drug, substantiating significantly reducing their number and lifespan. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of humanizing the bone model. The DBP-based osteo assay platforms are expected to advance bone remodeling-targeting drug development with improved prediction of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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3
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Liu Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Qi S, Duan Y, Li C. The Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14326. [PMID: 37762629 PMCID: PMC10532275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones are constantly exposed to mechanical forces from both muscles and Earth's gravity to maintain bone homeostasis by stimulating bone formation. Mechanotransduction transforms external mechanical signals such as force, fluid flow shear, and gravity into intracellular responses to achieve force adaptation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms on the conversion from mechanical signals into bone formation has not been completely defined yet. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive and systematic description of the mechanotransduction signaling pathways induced by mechanical stimuli during osteogenesis and address the different layers of interconnections between different signaling pathways. Further exploration of mechanotransduction would benefit patients with osteoporosis, including the aging population and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuo Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyou Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sihan Qi
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Li K, Wu Q, Li H, Sun H, Xing Z, Li L, Chen H. Multiomic characterisation of the long-term sequelae of SARS survivors: a clinical observational study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58:101884. [PMID: 36873427 PMCID: PMC9969173 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterise the long-term health outcomes of survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and determine their recovery status and possible immunological basis. METHODS We performed a clinical observational study on 14 health workers who survived SARS coronavirus infection between Apr 20, 2003 and Jun 6, 2003 in Haihe Hospital (Tianjin, China). Eighteen years after discharge, SARS survivors were interviewed using questionnaires on symptoms and quality of life, and received physical examination, laboratory tests, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, and chest imaging. Plasma samples were collected for metabolomic, proteomic, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. The health outcomes were compared 18 and 12 years after discharge. Control individuals were also health workers from the same hospital but did not infect with SARS coronavirus. FINDINGS Fatigue was the most common symptom in SARS survivors 18 years after discharge, with osteoporosis and necrosis of the femoral head being the main sequelae. The respiratory function and hip function scores of the SARS survivors were significantly lower than those of the controls. Physical and social functioning at 18 years was improved compared to that after 12 years but still worse than the controls. Emotional and mental health were fully recovered. Lung lesions on CT scans remained consistent at 18 years, especially in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe lesions. Plasma multiomics analysis indicated an abnormal metabolism of amino acids and lipids, promoted host defense immune responses to bacteria and external stimuli, B-cell activation, and enhanced cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells but impaired antigen presentation capacity of CD4+ T cells. INTERPRETATION Although health outcomes continued to improve, our study suggested that SARS survivors still suffered from physical fatigue, osteoporosis, and necrosis of the femoral head 18 years after discharge, possibly related to plasma metabolic disorders and immunological alterations. FUNDING This study was funded by the Tianjin Haihe Hospital Science and Technology Fund (HHYY-202012) and Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-063B, TJYXZDXK-067C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibai Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zhiheng Xing
- Department of Radiology, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author. Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Hu X, Li M, Zhang Y, Sang K, Zhang Y, Li W, Liu B, Wan L, Du B, Qian J, Meng F, Fu Y, Dai M, Gao G, Ye H. An innovative immunotherapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis: Selectively suppressing angiogenesis and osteoclast differentiation by fully human antibody targeting thymocyte antigen-1. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113490. [PMID: 36706943 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thymocyte antigen-1 (THY-1)is a potential target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, and THY-1 positive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are enriched in the synovium of RA patients and participate in angiogenesis to accelerate RA progression. In this study, we screened an antibody targeting THY-1 (THY-1 Ab) and explored its mechanism in alleviating RA progression. THY-1 Ab was screened from ScFv phage antibody library by phage display technology (PDT). THY-1 Ab-treated collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice had lower degree of arthritis scores. We explore the mechanism of THY-1 Ab in alleviating RA progression. THY-1 Ab can remarkably inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. Further experiments showed that THY1 Ab downregulated the expression of JUNB by the hsa_circ_0094342/miRNA-155-5P/SPI1 axis, inhibited RA angiogenesis and osteoclast differentiation, and relieved RA progression. These findings support that THY-1 Ab is a promising therapeutic antibody for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Kanru Sang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wulan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Leyu Wan
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Bang Du
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jinheng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fanxi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yanneng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Meijuan Dai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Guohui Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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6
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Lai C, Heinemann J, Schleicher U, Schett G, Bogdan C, Bozec A, Soulat D. Chronic Systemic Infection of Mice with Leishmania infantum Leads to Increased Bone Mass. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:86-102. [PMID: 36332102 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vector-borne infections of humans with the protozoan parasite Leishmania (L.) infantum can cause a systemic and potentially lethal disease termed visceral leishmaniasis. In the corresponding mouse model, an intravenous infection with L. infantum leads to the persistence of parasites in various organs, including bone marrow (BM). Considering the anatomical proximity between the BM and the cortical bone, we investigated whether a chronic infection with L. infantum affected bone homeostasis. Unexpectedly, chronic infection with L. infantum caused an increase in bone mass in mice. In vivo, an increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes and a decreased maturation of osteoclasts characterized the phenotype. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy confirmed the infection of BM macrophages but also revealed the presence of parasites in osteoclasts. In vitro, mature osteoclasts took up L. infantum parasites. However, infection of osteoclast progenitors abolished their differentiation and function. In addition, secretory products of infected BM-derived macrophages inhibited the maturation of osteoclasts. Both in vitro and in vivo, infected macrophages and osteoclasts showed an enhanced expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic chemokine CCL5 (RANTES). Neutralization of CCL5 prevented the inhibition of osteoclast generation seen in the presence of culture supernatants from L. infantum-infected macrophages. Altogether, our study shows that chronic infection with Leishmania increases bone mass by inducing bone formation and impairing osteoclast differentiation and function. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Lai
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Heinemann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Soulat
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Lee SH, Kim CH, Yoon JY, Choi EJ, Kim MK, Yoon JU, Kim HY, Kim EJ. Lidocaine intensifies the anti-osteogenic effect on inflammation-induced human dental pulp stem cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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8
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He F, Luo S, Liu S, Wan S, Li J, Chen J, Zuo H, Pei X. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing ERK/c-JUN/NFATc1 pathway and regulating cell cycle arrest in RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115094. [PMID: 35149133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM), a traditional Chinese medicine, is traditionally used for osteoporosis treatment recorded in ancient Chinese medicine work Benjingshuzheng and reported to have the anti-bone loss activity in recent studies. However, the anti-osteoporotic activities of the seed of ZBM have not been elucidated yet. Our previous study found that Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed oil (ZBSO) was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which were reported to prevent bone loss. Thus, we propose a hypothesis that ZBSO could be a potential natural resource for anti-bone loss. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether ZBSO could prevent bone loss by targeting osteoclastogenesis and investigate the potential mechanisms in receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells were treated with RANKL in the presence or absence of ZBSO. The effect of ZBSO on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin ring staining, and bone resorption assay. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) and relevant pathways of different cell groups were obtained from RNA sequencing and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The effect of ZBSO on the RANKL-induced cell cycle change was analyzed by flow cytometry assay, and the expression of genes and proteins related to the selected pathways was further verified by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of ZBSO on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in a dose-dependent manner were demonstrated by TRAP staining, F-actin ring staining, and bone resorption assay in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Osteoclast differentiation and cell cycle pathways were the most enriched pathways based on DEGs enrichment analysis among different cell groups. The reversion effect of ZBSO on the RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase was observed by flow cytometry assay. Western blot results showed that ZBSO markedly decreased RANKL-induced activation of ERK, as well as the phosphorylation of c-JUN and NFATc1 expression, and subsequently suppressed osteoclast-specific genes, such as Ctsk, Trap, and Dc-stamp. CONCLUSIONS ZBSO exhibited an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis via suppressing the ERK/c-JUN/NFATc1 pathway and regulating cell cycle arrest induced by RANKL, suggesting that ZBSO may serve as a promising agent for anti-bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Shuhan Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Sijing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Siqi Wan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Jiayi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Haojiang Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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9
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Maity P, Singh K, Krug L, Koroma A, Hainzl A, Bloch W, Kochanek S, Wlaschek M, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Ignatius A, Geiger H, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Persistent JunB activation in fibroblasts disrupts stem cell niche interactions enforcing skin aging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109634. [PMID: 34469740 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts residing in the connective tissues constitute the stem cell niche, particularly in organs such as skin. Although the effect of fibroblasts on stem cell niches and organ aging is an emerging concept, the underlying mechanisms are largely unresolved. We report a mechanism of redox-dependent activation of transcription factor JunB, which, through concomitant upregulation of p16INK4A and repression of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), initiates the installment of fibroblast senescence. Fibroblast senescence profoundly disrupts the metabolic and structural niche, and its essential interactions with different stem cells thus enforces depletion of stem cells pools and skin tissue decline. In fact, silencing of JunB in a fibroblast-niche-specific manner-by reinstatement of IGF-1 and p16 levels-restores skin stem cell pools and overall skin tissue integrity. Here, we report a role of JunB in the control of connective tissue niche and identified targets to combat skin aging and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Koroma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Molecular and cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Marotta P, Salatiello F, Ambrosino L, Berruto F, Chiusano ML, Locascio A. The Ascidia Ciona robusta Provides Novel Insights on the Evolution of the AP-1 Transcriptional Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709696. [PMID: 34414189 PMCID: PMC8369891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 transcription factor family (AP-1) transcriptional complex is historically defined as an early response group of transcription factors formed by dimeric complexes of the Jun, Fos, Atf, and Maf bZIP proteins that control cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating gene expression. It has been greatly investigated in many model organisms across metazoan evolution. Nevertheless, its complexity and variability of action made its multiple functions difficult to be defined. Here, we place the foundations for understanding the complexity of AP-1 transcriptional members in tunicates. We investigated the gene members of this family in the ascidian Ciona robusta and identified single copies of Jun, Fos, Atf3, Atf2/7, and Maf bZIP-related factors that could have a role in the formation of the AP-1 complex. We highlight that mesenchyme is a common cellular population where all these factors are expressed during embryonic development, and that, moreover, Fos shows a wider pattern of expression including also notochord and neural cells. By ectopic expression in transgenic embryos of Jun and Fos genes alone or in combination, we investigated the phenotypic alterations induced by these factors and highlighted a degree of functional conservation of the AP-1 complex between Ciona and vertebrates. The lack of gene redundancy and the first pieces of evidence of conserved functions in the control of cell movements and structural organization exerted by these factors open the way for using Ciona as a helpful model system to uncover the multiple potentialities of this highly complex family of bZIP transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Berruto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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11
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Novoszel P, Drobits B, Holcmann M, Fernandes CDS, Tschismarov R, Derdak S, Decker T, Wagner EF, Sibilia M. The AP-1 transcription factors c-Jun and JunB are essential for CD8α conventional dendritic cell identity. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2404-2420. [PMID: 33758366 PMCID: PMC8329169 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) development is orchestrated by lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs). Although, members of the activator-protein-1 (AP-1) family, including Batf3, have been implicated in conventional (c)DC specification, the role of Jun proteins is poorly understood. Here, we identified c-Jun and JunB as essential for cDC1 fate specification and function. In mice, Jun proteins regulate extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which control CD8α cDC1 diversification, whereas CD103 cDC1 development is unaffected. The loss of c-Jun and JunB in DC progenitors diminishes the CD8α cDC1 pool and thus confers resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Their absence in CD8α cDC1 results in impaired TLR triggering and antigen cross-presentation. Both TFs are required for the maintenance of the CD8α cDC1 subset and suppression of cDC2 identity on a transcriptional and phenotypic level. Taken together, these results demonstrate the essential role of c-Jun and JunB in CD8α cDC1 diversification, function, and maintenance of their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Novoszel
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Drobits
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristiano De Sa Fernandes
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Tschismarov
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492 Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F. Wagner
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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JUNB suppresses distant metastasis by influencing the initial metastatic stage. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:411-423. [PMID: 34282521 PMCID: PMC8318945 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex interactions between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells are considered a major determinant of cancer progression and metastasis. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms of metastatic disease is not sufficient to successfully treat patients with advanced-stage cancer. JUNB is a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family shown to be frequently deregulated in human cancer and associated with invasion and metastasis. A strikingly high stromal JUNB expression in human breast cancer samples prompted us to functionally investigate the consequences of JUNB loss in cells of the tumor microenvironment on cancer progression and metastasis in mice. To adequately mimic the clinical situation, we applied a syngeneic spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model followed by primary tumor resection and identified stromal JUNB as a potent suppressor of distant metastasis. Comprehensive characterization of the JUNB-deficient tumor microenvironment revealed a strong influx of myeloid cells into primary breast tumors and lungs at early metastatic stage. In these infiltrating neutrophils, BV8 and MMP9, proteins promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, were specifically upregulated in a JUNB-dependent manner. Taken together, we established stromal JUNB as a strong suppressor of distant metastasis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting AP-1 should be carefully designed not to interfere with stromal JUNB expression as this may be detrimental for cancer patients.
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13
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Sivaraj KK, Jeong HW, Dharmalingam B, Zeuschner D, Adams S, Potente M, Adams RH. Regional specialization and fate specification of bone stromal cells in skeletal development. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109352. [PMID: 34260921 PMCID: PMC8293626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone stroma contributes to the regulation of osteogenesis and hematopoiesis but also to fracture healing and disease processes. Mesenchymal stromal cells from bone (BMSCs) represent a heterogenous mixture of different subpopulations with distinct molecular and functional properties. The lineage relationship between BMSC subsets and their regulation by intrinsic and extrinsic factors are not well understood. Here, we show with mouse genetics, ex vivo cell differentiation assays, and transcriptional profiling that BMSCs from metaphysis (mpMSCs) and diaphysis (dpMSCs) are fundamentally distinct. Fate-tracking experiments and single-cell RNA sequencing indicate that bone-forming osteoblast lineage cells and dpMSCs, including leptin receptor-positive (LepR+) reticular cells in bone marrow, emerge from mpMSCs in the postnatal metaphysis. Finally, we show that BMSC fate is controlled by platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling and the transcription factor Jun-B. The sum of our findings improves our understanding of BMSC development, lineage relationships, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Backialakshmi Dharmalingam
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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14
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Fan F, Podar K. The Role of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Plasma Cell Biology and Multiple Myeloma Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2326. [PMID: 34066181 PMCID: PMC8151277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors (TFs), comprised of the JUN, FOS, ATF and MAF multigene families, are implicated in a plethora of physiologic processes and tumorigenesis including plasma cell differentiation and MM pathogenesis. Depending on the genetic background, the tumor stage, and cues of the tumor microenvironment, specific dimeric AP-1 complexes are formed. For example, AP-1 complexes containing Fra-1, Fra-2 and B-ATF play central roles in the transcriptional control of B cell development and plasma cell differentiation, while dysregulation of AP-1 family members c-Maf, c-Jun, and JunB is associated with MM cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, bone marrow angiogenesis, and bone disease. The present review article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on the role of AP-1 family members in plasma cell differentiation and MM pathophysiology. Moreover, it discusses novel, rationally derived approaches to therapeutically target AP-1 TFs, including protein-protein and protein-DNA binding inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
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15
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Katagiri T, Kameda H, Nakano H, Yamazaki S. Regulation of T cell differentiation by the AP-1 transcription factor JunB. Immunol Med 2021; 44:197-203. [PMID: 33470914 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1872838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JunB, a component of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, is known to exhibit an important role in bone formation and bone marrow cell proliferation. During T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, JunB contributes to the regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 expression, and AP-1 and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) constitute a heteromer and contribute to IL-2 production. However, the role of JunB in other T cells has not been investigated. In 2017, it was revealed that JunB, in collaboration with basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF), regulates the expression of Th17-related genes. Furthermore, JunB was found to play an important role in regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation, contributing to CD25 expression and IL-2 production. IL-2 is a T cell activator and has been shown as a necessary factor for Treg proliferation. Here, we review the role of JunB in T cells based on basic research data and discuss the potential for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Katagiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Kameda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soh Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Yap EL, Pettit NL, Davis CP, Nagy MA, Harmin DA, Golden E, Dagliyan O, Lin C, Rudolph S, Sharma N, Griffith EC, Harvey CD, Greenberg ME. Bidirectional perisomatic inhibitory plasticity of a Fos neuronal network. Nature 2020; 590:115-121. [PMID: 33299180 PMCID: PMC7864877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral experiences activate the Fos transcription factor (TF) in sparse populations of neurons that are critical for encoding and recalling specific events1–3. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which experience drives circuit reorganization to establish a network of Fos-activated cells. It is also unknown if Fos is required in this process beyond serving as a marker of recent neural activity and, if so, which of its many gene targets underlie circuit reorganization. Here we demonstrate that when mice engage in spatial exploration of novel environments, perisomatic inhibition of Fos-expressing hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by parvalbumin (PV)-interneurons (INs) is enhanced, while perisomatic inhibition by cholecystokinin (CCK)-INs is weakened. This bidirectional modulation of inhibition is abolished when the function of the Fos TF complex is disrupted. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, ribosome-associated mRNA profiling, and chromatin analyses, combined with electrophysiology, reveal that Fos activates the transcription of Scg2 (secretogranin II), a gene that encodes multiple distinct neuropeptides, to coordinate these changes in inhibition. As PV- and CCK-INs mediate distinct features of pyramidal cell activity4–6, the Scg2-dependent reorganization of inhibitory synaptic input might be predicted to affect network function in vivo. Consistent with this prediction, hippocampal gamma rhythms and pyramidal cell coupling to CA1 theta are significantly altered with loss of Scg2. These findings reveal an instructive role for Fos and Scg2 in establishing a network of Fos-activated neurons via the rewiring of local inhibition to form a selectively modulated state. The opposing plasticity mechanisms on distinct inhibitory pathways may support the consolidation of memories over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noah L Pettit
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M Aurel Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Golden
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Griffith
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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BMP9 is a potential therapeutic agent for use in oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1269-1285. [PMID: 32510140 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is often challenging due to defective bone healing owing to the microbial environment of the oral cavity, the additional involvement of teeth and esthetic concerns. Insufficient bone volume as a consequence of aging and some oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, such as tumor resection of the jaw, may further impact facial esthetics and cause the failure of certain procedures, such as oral and maxillofacial implantation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9 (BMP9) is one of the most effective BMPs to induce the osteogenic differentiation of different stem cells. A large cross-talk network that includes the BMP9, Wnt/β, Hedgehog, EGF, TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways finely regulates osteogenesis induced by BMP9. Epigenetic control during BMP9-induced osteogenesis is mainly dependent on histone deacetylases (HDACs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which adds another layer of complexity. As a result, all these factors work together to orchestrate the molecular and cellular events underlying BMP9-related tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent BMP9 pathways, with a particular focus on cross-talk and cross-regulation between BMP9 and other major signaling pathways in BMP9-induced osteogenesis. Furthermore, recently discovered epigenetic regulation of BMP9 pathways and the molecular and cellular basis of the application of BMP9 in tissue engineering in current oral and maxillofacial surgery and other orthopedic-related clinical settings are also discussed.
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19
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Kuriki M, Sato F, Arai HN, Sogabe M, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kawakami K, Yoshimoto Y, Shukunami C, Sehara-Fujisawa A. Transient and lineage-restricted requirement of Ebf3 for sternum ossification. Development 2020; 147:147/9/dev186239. [PMID: 32398354 PMCID: PMC7240299 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts arise from bone-surrounding connective tissue containing tenocytes and fibroblasts. Lineages of these cell populations and mechanisms of their differentiation are not well understood. Screening enhancer-trap lines of zebrafish allowed us to identify Ebf3 as a transcription factor marking tenocytes and connective tissue cells in skeletal muscle of embryos. Knockout of Ebf3 in mice had no effect on chondrogenesis but led to sternum ossification defects as a result of defective generation of Runx2+ pre-osteoblasts. Conditional and temporal Ebf3 knockout mice revealed requirements of Ebf3 in the lateral plate mesenchyme cells (LPMs), especially in tendon/muscle connective tissue cells, and a stage-specific Ebf3 requirement at embryonic day 9.5-10.5. Upregulated expression of connective tissue markers, such as Egr1/2 and Osr1, increased number of Islet1+ mesenchyme cells, and downregulation of gene expression of the Runx2 regulator Shox2 in Ebf3-deleted thoracic LPMs suggest crucial roles of Ebf3 in the onset of lateral plate mesoderm differentiation towards osteoblasts forming sternum tissues. Highlighted Article: Analysis of conditional and temporal knockout mice reveals roles of Ebf3 in the differentiation of lateral plate mesenchymal cells towards pre-osteoblasts during sternum ossification at the boundary of the lateral and somitic mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kuriki
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki N Arai
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maina Sogabe
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Research Team for Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sehara-Fujisawa
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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20
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Deciphering the potential pharmaceutical mechanism of Guzhi Zengsheng Zhitongwan on rat bone and kidney based on the "kidney governing bone" theory. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:146. [PMID: 32295616 PMCID: PMC7161198 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guzhi Zengsheng Zhitongwan (GZZSZTW) is an effective Chinese medicinal formulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) designed according to the "kidney governing bone" theory, which has been widely used as a golden guide for treating bone and cartilage diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its effects on the bone and kidney. METHODS Preparation and quality control were performed as previously described. Since GZZSZTW is orally administered in the form of pills prepared in boiled water, the Chinese materia medica (CMM) mixture of this formula was extracted with distilled water by a reflux method and was then filtered through a 0.45-μm Hollow Fiber Cartridge (GE Healthcare, USA). The filtrate was freeze-dried by a Heto PowerDry LL3000 Freeze Dryer (Thermo, USA) and stored at - 80 °C. The effects of GZZSZTW on gene expression and regulation of both kidney and bone tissues were investigated using a state-of-the-art RNA-seq technology. RESULTS We demonstrated that GZZSZTW could enhance kidney function and suppress bone formation and resorption by modulating the activities of osteoblast and osteoclast, and might subsequently contribute to the inhibition of osteophyte formation during the process of OA. These effects might be achieved by the synergistic interactions of various herbs and their active components in GZZSZTW, which increased the expression levels of functional genes participating in kidney function, regulation, and repair, and then decreased the expression levels of genes involved in bone formation and resorption. Thus, our findings were consistent with the "kidney governing bone" theory, which has been widely used as a guide in clinical practice for thousands of years. CONCLUSIONS This study has deepened the current knowledge about the molecular effects of GZZSZTW on bone and kidney regulation. Furthermore, this study might be able to provide possible strategies to further prevent and treat joint diseases by using traditional Chinese medicinal formulations following the "kidney governing bone" theory.
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21
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Wheaton JD, Ciofani M. JunB Controls Intestinal Effector Programs in Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32296416 PMCID: PMC7137613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical mediators of immunological tolerance to both self and microbial antigens. Tregs activate context-dependent transcriptional programs to adapt effector function to specific tissues; however, the factors controlling tissue-specific gene expression in Tregs remain unclear. Here, we find that the AP-1 transcription factor JunB regulates the intestinal adaptation of Tregs by controlling select gene expression programs in multiple Treg subsets. Treg-specific ablation of JunB results in immune dysregulation characterized by enhanced colonic T helper cell accumulation and cytokine production. However, in contrast to its classical binding-partner BATF, JunB is dispensable for maintenance of effector Tregs as well as most specialized Treg subsets. In the Peyer's patches, JunB activates a transcriptional program facilitating the maintenance of CD25- Tregs, leading to the complete loss of T follicular regulatory cells in the absence of JunB. This defect is compounded by loss of a separate effector program found in both major colonic Treg subsets that includes the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B. Therefore, JunB is an essential regulator of intestinal Treg effector function through pleiotropic effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Wheaton
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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22
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Pan Y, Qin H, Liu W, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Zhou C, Quan X. Effects of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate in comparison with perfluoroalkyl acids on gene profiles and stemness in human mesenchymal stem cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124402. [PMID: 31352096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA) is a novel alternative of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). While its health risks remain unknown, there is preliminary evidence of developmental toxicity. In the present study, human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were used to evaluate the effects of Cl-PFESA at non-cytotoxic concentrations on molecular regulation and cellular function of stem cells compared to PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Gene profiles of hBMSCs exposed to 100 nM of Cl-PFESA and the other 3 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) correlated significantly with each other. A total of 261 genes were found to be affected by all 4 compounds. Functional annotation analysis revealed that osteoblast differentiation, ERK1/2, TGFβ and calcium signalling were interfered. Moreover, DUSP mRNA and P-SMAD protein, key factors in ERK and TGFβ/SMAD signaling, were decreased by Cl-PFESA. Furthermore, intracellular calcium image suggested that calcium transients were enhanced by Cl-PFESA with lower effective concentrations and more prolonged induction than PFOS and PFHxS. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the stemness marker CD44 was dose-dependently repressed by Cl-PFESA. In the osteogenic differentiation following exposure to 100 nM of Cl-PFESA, both mRNA and protein of RUNX2, a target of multiple osteogenic pathways, was depressed on differentiation day 7. Exposure to Cl-PFESA at human relevant concentrations during a vulnerable period before differentiation posed persistent effects on hBMSCs, with common or even stronger potency compared to PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Aquacultural Engineering R&D Center, School of Marine Technology and Environment Institute, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
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Firing Rate Homeostasis Can Occur in the Absence of Neuronal Activity-Regulated Transcription. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9885-9899. [PMID: 31672790 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1108-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite dynamic inputs, neuronal circuits maintain relatively stable firing rates over long periods. This maintenance of firing rate, or firing rate homeostasis, is likely mediated by homeostatic mechanisms such as synaptic scaling and regulation of intrinsic excitability. Because some of these homeostatic mechanisms depend on transcription of activity-regulated genes, including Arc and Homer1a, we hypothesized that activity-regulated transcription would be required for firing rate homeostasis. Surprisingly, however, we found that cultured mouse cortical neurons from both sexes grown on multi-electrode arrays homeostatically adapt their firing rates to persistent pharmacological stimulation even when activity-regulated transcription is disrupted. Specifically, we observed firing rate homeostasis in Arc knock-out neurons, as well as knock-out neurons lacking the activity-regulated transcription factors AP1 and SRF. Firing rate homeostasis also occurred normally during acute pharmacological blockade of transcription. Thus, firing rate homeostasis in response to increased neuronal activity can occur in the absence of neuronal-activity-regulated transcription.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal circuits maintain relatively stable firing rates even in the face of dynamic circuit inputs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that enable this firing rate homeostasis could potentially provide insight into neuronal diseases that present with an imbalance of excitation and inhibition. It has long been proposed that activity-regulated transcription could underlie firing rate homeostasis because activity-regulated genes turn on when neurons are above their target firing rates and include many genes that could regulate firing rate. Surprisingly, despite this prediction, we found that cortical neurons can undergo firing rate homeostasis in the absence of activity-regulated transcription, indicating that firing rate homeostasis can be controlled by non-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Baroncelli M, Drabek K, Eijken M, van der Eerden BCJ, van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JPTM. Two-day-treatment of Activin-A leads to transient change in SV-HFO osteoblast gene expression and reduction in matrix mineralization. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4865-4877. [PMID: 31667867 PMCID: PMC7028110 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activins regulate bone formation by controlling osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We investigated Activin‐A mechanism of action on human osteoblast mineralization, RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. A single 2‐day treatment of Activin‐A at Day 5 of osteoblast differentiation significantly reduced matrix mineralization. Activin A‐treated osteoblasts responded with transient change in gene expression, in a 2‐wave‐fashion. The 38 genes differentially regulated during the first wave (within 8 hr after Activin A start) were involved in transcription regulation. In the second wave (1–2 days after Activin A start), 65 genes were differentially regulated and related to extracellular matrix. Differentially expressed genes in both waves were associated to transforming growth factor beta signaling. We identified which microRNAs modulating osteoblast differentiation were regulated by Activin‐A. In summary, 2‐day treatment with Activin‐A in premineralization period of osteoblast cultures influenced miRNAs, gene transcription, and reduced matrix mineralization. Modulation of Activin A signaling might be useful to control bone quality for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baroncelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ksenija Drabek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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JunB plays a crucial role in development of regulatory T cells by promoting IL-2 signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1104-1117. [PMID: 31285535 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor JunB plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes, including placental formation and bone homeostasis. We recently reported that JunB is essential for development of Th17 cells, and thus Junb-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the role of JunB in CD4+ T cells under other inflammatory disease conditions is unknown. Here we show that mice lacking JunB in CD4+ T cells (Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice) were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis because of impaired development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Production of interleukin (IL)-2 and expression of CD25, a high affinity IL-2 receptor component, were decreased in Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Naive CD4+ T cells from Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice failed to differentiate into Treg cells in the absence of exogenously added IL-2 in vitro. A mixed bone marrow transfer experiment revealed that defective Treg development of Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells was not rescued by co-transferred wild-type cells, indicating a significance of the cell-intrinsic defect. Injection of IL-2-anti-IL-2 antibody complexes induced expansion of Treg cells and alleviated DSS-induced colitis in Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice. Thus JunB plays a crucial role in the development of Treg cells by facilitating IL-2 signaling.
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26
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Żurek A, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Sławińska-Brych A, Kaławaj K, Bojarska-Junak A, Kandefer-Szerszeń M, Zdzisińska B. Alpha ketoglutarate exerts a pro-osteogenic effect in osteoblast cell lines through activation of JNK and mTOR/S6K1/S6 signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:53-64. [PMID: 31051157 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous in vivo studies have suggested that alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), i.e. the key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, may have an anabolic effect on bone tissue, the direct influence of AKG on osteoblasts and the underlying mechanism of its action have not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of AKG (disodium salt dihydrate) on osteogenesis in vitro and identification of some signaling mechanisms involved in this activity. The human and mouse normal osteoblast cell lines hFOB 1.19 and MC3T3-E1 were used in this study. The results showed that AKG did not increase the proliferation of osteoblasts; however, it upregulated the expression of transcription factors RUNX2 and Osterix, the mRNA and protein levels of osteoblast differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, bone sialoprotein II, osteopontin, osteocalcin), and the mineralization levels in the hFOB 1.19 and MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. Moreover, AKG increased JNK, mTOR, S6K1, and S6 phosphorylation and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both osteoblast cell lines. The JNK inhibitor and rapamycin, but not the ERK inhibitor, abolished the AKG-promoted osteoblast differentiation. Using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis, we detected the presence of an AKG receptor GPR99 activated by alpha ketoglutaric acid in the tested osteoblast cell lines. However, AKG salt did not activate GPR99. Our findings suggest that AKG salt activates the JNK and mTOR/S6K1/S6 signaling pathways to promote differentiation of osteoblasts, independently of GPR99 activation. We can conclude that AKG salts might be promising candidates for bone anabolic drugs used for prevention or/and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żurek
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Kaławaj
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
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Wu J, Ma S, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Angel P, Mohr K, Schlimbach T, Schmitt M, Cui G. Regulatory T cells sense effector T-cell activation through synchronized JunB expression. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1020-1029. [PMID: 31017652 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To maintain immune tolerance, effector T-cell (Teff) responses must be checked by the regulatory T cells (Tregs) in time. It remains incompletely understood how Tregs sense real-time Teff activation. Here, we report that the AP-1 transcription factor JunB, which is induced in Teffs upon T-cell receptor (TCR) activation, is also increased in Tregs by TCR stimuli. Treg-specific deletion of Junb impairs Treg identity, causes uncontrolled inflammatory cytokine production by Teffs and leads to the T-box transcription factor T-bet-dependent spontaneous inflammation. Furthermore, JunB deficiency in Tregs unleashes antitumor Teff responses in a mouse model of melanoma. We conclude that JunB alarms Tregs of the emerging Teff activation and synchronizes immune regulation with the immune reaction in autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wu
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sicong Ma
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Core Facility Omics IT and Data Management, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilo Schlimbach
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Internal Medicine V, University Heidelberg Hospital, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Abstract
Bone is a crucial element of the skeletal-locomotor system, but also functions as an immunological organ that harbors hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune progenitor cells. Additionally, the skeletal and immune systems share a number of regulatory molecules, including cytokines and signaling molecules. Osteoimmunology was created as an interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, the importance of an inseparable link between the two systems has been highlighted by studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which pathogenic helper T cells induce the progressive destruction of multiple joints through aberrant expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL). The conceptual bridge of osteoimmunology provides not only a novel framework for understanding these biological systems but also a molecular basis for the development of therapeutic approaches for diseases of bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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29
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Vierbuchen T, Ling E, Cowley CJ, Couch CH, Wang X, Harmin DA, Roberts CWM, Greenberg ME. AP-1 Transcription Factors and the BAF Complex Mediate Signal-Dependent Enhancer Selection. Mol Cell 2018; 68:1067-1082.e12. [PMID: 29272704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer elements are genomic regulatory sequences that direct the selective expression of genes so that genetically identical cells can differentiate and acquire the highly specialized forms and functions required to build a functioning animal. To differentiate, cells must select from among the ∼106 enhancers encoded in the genome the thousands of enhancers that drive the gene programs that impart their distinct features. We used a genetic approach to identify transcription factors (TFs) required for enhancer selection in fibroblasts. This revealed that the broadly expressed, growth-factor-inducible TFs FOS/JUN (AP-1) play a central role in enhancer selection. FOS/JUN selects enhancers together with cell-type-specific TFs by collaboratively binding to nucleosomal enhancers and recruiting the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex to establish accessible chromatin. These experiments demonstrate how environmental signals acting via FOS/JUN and BAF coordinate with cell-type-specific TFs to select enhancer repertoires that enable differentiation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vierbuchen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Emi Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher J Cowley
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron H Couch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jonak CR, Lainez NM, Boehm U, Coss D. GnRH Receptor Expression and Reproductive Function Depend on JUN in GnRH Receptor‒Expressing Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1496-1510. [PMID: 29409045 PMCID: PMC5839737 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. LH and FSH are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and unique β-subunits, which provide biological specificity and are limiting components of mature hormone synthesis. Gonadotrope cells respond to GnRH via specific expression of the GnRH receptor (Gnrhr). GnRH induces the expression of gonadotropin genes and of the Gnrhr by activation of specific transcription factors. The JUN (c-Jun) transcription factor binds to AP-1 sites in the promoters of target genes and mediates induction of the FSHβ gene and of the Gnrhr in gonadotrope-derived cell lines. To analyze the role of JUN in reproductive function in vivo, we generated a mouse model that lacks JUN specifically in GnRH receptor‒expressing cells (conditional JUN knockout; JUN-cKO). JUN-cKO mice displayed profound reproductive anomalies such as reduced LH levels resulting in lower gonadal steroid levels, longer estrous cycles in females, and diminished sperm numbers in males. Unexpectedly, FSH levels were unchanged in these animals, whereas Gnrhr expression in the pituitary was reduced. Steroidogenic enzyme expression was reduced in the gonads of JUN-cKO mice, likely as a consequence of reduced LH levels. GnRH receptor‒driven Cre activity was detected in the hypothalamus but not in the GnRH neuron. Female, but not male, JUN-cKO mice exhibited reduced GnRH expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GnRH receptor‒expression levels depend on JUN and are critical for reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R. Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Nancy M. Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
- Correspondence: Djurdjica Coss, PhD, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, 303 SOM Research Building, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521. E-mail:
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The AP-1 transcription factor JunB is required for Th17 cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17402. [PMID: 29234109 PMCID: PMC5727176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells are crucial for host defense against extracellular microbes and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here we show that the AP-1 transcription factor JunB is required for Th17 cell development. Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells are able to develop in vitro into various helper T subsets except Th17. The RNA-seq transcriptome analysis reveals that JunB is crucial for the Th17-specific gene expression program. Junb-deficient mice are completely resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a Th17-mediated inflammatory disease, and naive T helper cells from such mice fail to differentiate into Th17 cells. JunB appears to activate Th17 signature genes by forming a heterodimer with BATF, another AP-1 factor essential for Th17 differentiation. The mechanism whereby JunB controls Th17 cell development likely involves activation of the genes for the Th17 lineage-specifying orphan receptors RORγt and RORα and reduced expression of Foxp3, a transcription factor known to antagonize RORγt function.
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33
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Wang N, Liu W, Tan T, Dong CQ, Lin DY, Zhao J, Yu C, Luo XJ. Notch signaling negatively regulates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells by inhibiting JunB expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109661-109674. [PMID: 29312637 PMCID: PMC5752550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interaction between BMP and Notch signaling has been demonstrated to be crucial for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the precise molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that Notch intracellular domain (NICD) overexpression inhibits BMP9-induced C3H10T1/2 cell osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Our results show that activated Notch signaling results in down-regulation of Runx2 and early osteogenesis differentiation factors, without affecting p-Smad1/5/8 expression, and that blocking Notch signaling with DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) significantly increases p-Smad1/5/8 expression. Interestingly, Notch signaling also regulates the cell cycle by increasing PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) and CyclinD1 expression. Furthermore, similar results were obtained by ectopic bone formation and histological analyses, indicating that Notch signaling activation significantly inhibits BMP9-induced MSC osteogenic, cartilage and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, we are the first to show that Notch regulates by suppressing JunB synthesis and that the negative effect of Notch is partially reversed by treatment with the JunB activator TPA (12-O-tetradeca-noylphorbol-13-acetate). Our findings demonstrate that Notch signaling significantly enhances cell proliferation but inhibits MSC osteogenic differentiation induced by BMP9 via JunB protein suppression rather than by BMP/Smad signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Duan-Yang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Zhang JC, Song ZC, Xia YR, Shu R. Extracellular matrix derived from periodontal ligament cells maintains their stemness and enhances redifferentiation via the wnt pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:272-284. [PMID: 28884507 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chun Zhang
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhong-Chen Song
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Yi-Ru Xia
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
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Shim KS, Lee B, Ma JY. Water extract of Rumex crispus prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing osteoblast mineralization. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:483. [PMID: 29070038 PMCID: PMC5657118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Rumex crispus root has traditionally been used in Asian medicine for the treatment of hemorrhage and dermatolosis. The aim of this study was to explore the pharmaceutical effects of water extract of Rumex crispus (WERC) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We also studied the effect of WERC on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced trabecular bone destruction mice model. Methods High performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify three compounds (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) of WERC. The in vivo effect of WERC was examined using an administration of WERC or vehicle on the ICR mice with bone loss induced by intraperitoneal RANKL injection on day 0 and 1. All mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 7 and the femurs of mice were isolated for soft X-ray and Micro-CT analysis. The in vitro effect of WERC on osteoblast mineralization or osteoclast differentiation was examined by alizarin red S staining or by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and assay. To determine the transcription level of osteoblast or osteoclast-specific genes, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Western blot analysis was performed to study the effect of WERC on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling molecules. Results The presence of three compounds in WERC was determined. WERC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing microstructural deterioration. In vitro, WERC increased osteoblast mineralization by enhancing the transcription of runt-related transcription factor 2 and its transcriptional coactivators, and by stimulating extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, WERC significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the RANKL signalings (MAPK and NF-κB) and the increasing inhibitory factors of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. Conclusion This study showed that WERC could protect against osteoporosis and suggested that the possible mechanism of WERC might be related to increased osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 signaling and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by suppression of RANKL signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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JunB promotes Th17 cell identity and restrains alternative CD4 + T-cell programs during inflammation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:301. [PMID: 28824171 PMCID: PMC5563507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cell plasticity contributes to both immunity and autoimmunity; however, the factors that control lineage flexibility are mostly unknown. Here we show the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factor JunB is an essential regulator of Th17 cell identity. JunB activates expression of Th17 lineage-specifying genes and coordinately represses genes controlling Th1 and regulatory T-cell fate. JunB supports Th17 cell identity by regulating key AP-1 complex constituents. In particular, JunB limits the expression of the subset repressor IRF8, and impedes access of JunD to regulatory regions of alternative effector loci. Although dispensable for homeostatic Th17 cell development, JunB is required for induction and maintenance of Th17 effector responses in the inflammatory contexts of both acute infection and chronic autoimmunity in mice. Through regulatory network analysis, we show that JunB is a core regulator of global transcriptional programs that promote Th17 cell identity and restrict alternative CD4+ T-cell potential. AP-1 family transcription factors regulate CD4+ T helper cell differentiation. Here the authors show that the AP-1 member JunB is a nonredundant regulator of transcriptional programs that support Th17 cell identity and restrain alternative Th1 and Treg cell fates in inflammatory contexts of acute fungal infection and chronic autoimmunity.
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Sabokbar A, Mahoney DJ, Hemingway F, Athanasou NA. Non-Canonical (RANKL-Independent) Pathways of Osteoclast Differentiation and Their Role in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:16-26. [PMID: 26578261 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from mononuclear phagocyte precursors (monocytes, macrophages); in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been described in which several cytokines and growth factors are able to substitute for RANKL. These humoral factors can generally be divided into those which, like RANKL, are tumour necrosis family (TNF) superfamily members and those which are not; the former include TNFα lymphotoxin exhibiting inducible expression and competing with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT), a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF); the latter include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-11, nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II. This review summarises the evidence for these RANKL substitutes in inducing osteoclast differentiation from tissue-derived and circulating mononuclear phagocytes. It also assesses the role these factors are likely to play in promoting the pathological bone resorption seen in many inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of bone and joint including rheumatoid arthritis, aseptic implant loosening and primary and secondary tumours of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabokbar
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - D J Mahoney
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - F Hemingway
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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Acute transcriptional up-regulation specific to osteoblasts/osteoclasts in medaka fish immediately after exposure to microgravity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39545. [PMID: 28004797 PMCID: PMC5177882 DOI: 10.1038/srep39545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is a serious problem in spaceflight; however, the initial action of microgravity has not been identified. To examine this action, we performed live-imaging of animals during a space mission followed by transcriptome analysis using medaka transgenic lines expressing osteoblast and osteoclast-specific promoter-driven GFP and DsRed. In live-imaging for osteoblasts, the intensity of osterix- or osteocalcin-DsRed fluorescence in pharyngeal bones was significantly enhanced 1 day after launch; and this enhancement continued for 8 or 5 days. In osteoclasts, the signals of TRAP-GFP and MMP9-DsRed were highly increased at days 4 and 6 after launch in flight. HiSeq from pharyngeal bones of juvenile fish at day 2 after launch showed up-regulation of 2 osteoblast- and 3 osteoclast- related genes. Gene ontology analysis for the whole-body showed that transcription of genes in the category “nucleus” was significantly enhanced; particularly, transcription-regulators were more up-regulated at day 2 than at day 6. Lastly, we identified 5 genes, c-fos, jun-B-like, pai-1, ddit4 and tsc22d3, which were up-regulated commonly in the whole-body at days 2 and 6, and in the pharyngeal bone at day 2. Our results suggested that exposure to microgravity immediately induced dynamic alteration of gene expression levels in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Saito E, Suzuki D, Kurotaki D, Mochizuki A, Manome Y, Suzawa T, Toyoshima Y, Ichikawa T, Funatsu T, Inoue T, Takami M, Tamura T, Inagaki K, Kamijo R. Down-regulation of Irf8 by Lyz2-cre/loxP accelerates osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:443-450. [PMID: 27502007 PMCID: PMC5461233 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (Irf8) is a transcription factor that negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and Irf8 global knockout (Irf8−/−) mice have been shown to have reduced bone volume resulting from increased osteoclast numbers. However, detailed analysis of the functions of Irf8 in osteoclast precursors with a monocyte/macrophage linage is difficult, because the population and properties of hematopoietic cells in Irf8−/− mice are severely altered. Therefore, to clearly elucidate the functions of Irf8 during osteoclastogenesis, we established myeloid cell-specific Irf8 conditional knockout (Irf8fl/fl;Lyz2cre/+) mice. We found that trabecular bone volume in the Irf8fl/fl;Lyz2cre/+ mice was not significantly affected, while exposure to M-CSF and RANKL significantly increased TRAP activity in vitro in osteoclasts that underwent osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) induced from bone marrow cells (BMCs) of those mice by addition of M-CSF. Our results also showed that expression of Irf8 mRNA and protein in BMMs obtained from Irf8fl/fl;Lyz2cre/+ mice and cultured with M-CSF was reduced. These findings predicted that Lyz2/Lyz2-cre expression is induced when BMCs differentiate into BMMs in cultures with M-CSF. In osteoclast differentiation cultures, Lyz2 was gradually increased by M-CSF during the first 3 days of culture, then rapidly decreased by the addition of RANKL with M-CSF during the next 3 days. Furthermore, BMCs differentiated into osteoclasts while maintaining a low level of Lyz2 expression when cultured simultaneously with both M-CSF and RANKL from the initiation of culture. These findings suggest that Lyz2-cre expression is induced along with differentiation to BMMs by BMCs obtained from Irf8fl/fl;Lyz2cre/+ mice and cultured with M-CSF. In addition, Irf8 was down-regulated by activation of the cre/loxP recombination system in BMMs and osteoclastogenesis was accelerated. Based on our results, we propose the existence in vivo of a new lineage of osteoclast precursors among BMCs, which differentiate into osteoclasts without up-regulation of Lyz2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Saito
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Suzuki
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ayako Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Manome
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University Dental Hospital, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Suzawa
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Toyoshima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Funatsu
- Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University Dental Hospital, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Katsunori Inagaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Li H, Zhu H, Liu Y, He F, Xie P, Zhang L. Itch promotes the neddylation of JunB and regulates JunB-dependent transcription. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1186-1195. [PMID: 27245101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein neddylation is essential for the viability of most organisms and is widely involved in the regulation of immunity, DNA damage and repair, cell signaling and cell cycle. Unlike RING-type neddylation ligases, HECT-type neddylation ligase remains less defined. Here, we show that Itch is a novel HECT-type neddylation E3 ligase and we identify JunB as a substrate of Nedd8 modification by Itch. JunB neddylation attenuates its transcriptional activity. In addition, JunB neddylation mediated by Itch promotes its ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Therefore, these findings define a new HECT-type neddylation ligase and its neddylation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First Hospital Attached to Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China.
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Uluçkan Ö, Jimenez M, Karbach S, Jeschke A, Graña O, Keller J, Busse B, Croxford AL, Finzel S, Koenders M, van den Berg W, Schinke T, Amling M, Waisman A, Schett G, Wagner EF. Chronic skin inflammation leads to bone loss by IL-17–mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:330ra37. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sinha P, Aarnisalo P, Chubb R, Poulton IJ, Guo J, Nachtrab G, Kimura T, Swami S, Saeed H, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Schipani E, Sims NA, Kronenberg HM, Wu JY. Loss of Gsα in the Postnatal Skeleton Leads to Low Bone Mass and a Blunted Response to Anabolic Parathyroid Hormone Therapy. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1631-1642. [PMID: 26598522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important regulator of osteoblast function and is the only anabolic therapy currently approved for treatment of osteoporosis. The PTH receptor (PTH1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals via multiple G proteins including Gsα. Mice expressing a constitutively active mutant PTH1R exhibited a dramatic increase in trabecular bone that was dependent upon expression of Gsα in the osteoblast lineage. Postnatal removal of Gsα in the osteoblast lineage (P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice) yielded markedly reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass. Treatment with anabolic PTH(1-34) (80 μg/kg/day) for 4 weeks failed to increase trabecular bone volume or cortical thickness in male and female P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice. Surprisingly, in both male and female mice, PTH administration significantly increased osteoblast numbers and bone formation rate in both control and P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice. In mice that express a mutated PTH1R that activates adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) via Gsα but not phospholipase C via Gq/11 (D/D mice), PTH significantly enhanced bone formation, indicating that phospholipase C activation is not required for increased bone turnover in response to PTH. Therefore, although the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH treatment on trabecular bone volume is blunted by deletion of Gsα in osteoblasts, PTH can stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Together these findings suggest that alternative signaling pathways beyond Gsα and Gq/11 act downstream of PTH on osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sinha
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Piia Aarnisalo
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services, HUSLAB, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Rhiannon Chubb
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Guo
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Gregory Nachtrab
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Takaharu Kimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Joy Y Wu
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305,.
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Cancer-Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:503-19. [PMID: 27600237 PMCID: PMC4996404 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic interaction between prostate cancer and the bone microenvironment is a major contributor to metastasis of prostate cancer to bone. In this study, we utilized an in vitro co-culture model of PC3 prostate cancer cells and osteoblasts followed by microarray based gene expression profiling to identify previously unrecognized prostate cancer–bone microenvironment interactions. Factors secreted by PC3 cells resulted in the up-regulation of many genes in osteoblasts associated with bone metabolism and cancer metastasis, including Mmp13, Il-6 and Tgfb2, and down-regulation of Wnt inhibitor Sost. To determine whether altered Sost expression in the bone microenvironment has an effect on prostate cancer metastasis, we co-cultured PC3 cells with Sost knockout (SostKO) osteoblasts and wildtype (WT) osteoblasts and identified several genes differentially regulated between PC3-SostKO osteoblast co-cultures and PC3-WT osteoblast co-cultures. Co-culturing PC3 cells with WT osteoblasts up-regulated cancer-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 in PC3 cells. MALAT1 expression was further enhanced when PC3 cells were co-cultured with SostKO osteoblasts and treatment with recombinant Sost down-regulated MALAT1 expression in these cells. Our results suggest that reduced Sost expression in the tumor microenvironment may promote bone metastasis by up-regulating MALAT1 in prostate cancer.
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Hwang JH, Byun MR, Kim AR, Kim KM, Cho HJ, Lee YH, Kim J, Jeong MG, Hwang ES, Hong JH. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation through MAPK Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135519. [PMID: 26262877 PMCID: PMC4532446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is regulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM) through activation of intracellular signaling mediators. The stiffness of the ECM was shown to be an important regulatory factor for MSC differentiation, and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was identified as an effector protein for MSC differentiation. However, the detailed underlying mechanism regarding the role of ECM stiffness and TAZ in MSC differentiation is not yet fully understood. In this report, we showed that ECM stiffness regulates MSC fate through ERK or JNK activation. Specifically, a stiff hydrogel matrix stimulates osteogenic differentiation concomitant with increased nuclear localization of TAZ, but inhibits adipogenic differentiation. ERK and JNK activity was significantly increased in cells cultured on a stiff hydrogel. TAZ activation was induced by ERK or JNK activation on a stiff hydrogel because exposure to an ERK or JNK inhibitor significantly decreased the nuclear localization of TAZ, indicating that ECM stiffness-induced ERK or JNK activation is important for TAZ-driven osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that ECM stiffness regulates MSC differentiation through ERK or JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ha Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A. Rum Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang Jun Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (J-H Hong); (ESH)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (J-H Hong); (ESH)
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Schreiner B, Ingold-Heppner B, Pehl D, Locatelli G, Berrit-Schönthaler H, Becher B. Deletion of Jun proteins in adult oligodendrocytes does not perturb cell survival, or myelin maintenance in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120454. [PMID: 25774663 PMCID: PMC4361052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are fundamental players in rapid impulse conduction and normal axonal functions. JunB and c-Jun are DNA-binding components of the AP-1 transcription factor, which is known to regulate different processes such as proliferation, differentiation, stress responses and death in several cell types, including cultured oligodendrocyte/lineage cells. By selectively inactivating Jun B and c-Jun in myelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo, we generated mutant mice that developed normally, and within more than 12 months showed normal ageing and survival rates. In the adult CNS, absence of JunB and c-Jun from mature oligodendrocytes caused low-grade glial activation without overt signs of demyelination or secondary leukocyte infiltration into the brain. Even after exposure to toxic or autoimmune oligodendrocyte insults, signs of altered oligodendrocyte viability were mild and detectable only upon cuprizone treatment. We conclude that JunB and c-Jun expression in post-mitotic oligodendrocytes is mostly dispensable for the maintainance of white matter tracts throughout adult life, even under demyelinating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Debora Pehl
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Universität München, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Thomsen MK, Bakiri L, Hasenfuss SC, Wu H, Morente M, Wagner EF. Loss of JUNB/AP-1 promotes invasive prostate cancer. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:574-82. [PMID: 25526087 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a frequent cause of male death in the Western world. Relatively few genetic alterations have been identified, likely owing to disease heterogeneity. Here, we show that the transcription factor JUNB/AP-1 limits prostate cancer progression. JUNB expression is increased in low-grade prostate cancer compared with normal human prostate, but downregulated in high-grade samples and further decreased in all metastatic samples. To model the hypothesis that this downregulation is functionally significant, we genetically inactivated Junb in the prostate epithelium of mice. When combined with Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue) loss, double-mutant mice were prone to invasive cancer development. Importantly, invasive tumours also developed when Junb and Pten were inactivated in a small cell population of the adult anterior prostate by topical Cre recombinase delivery. The resulting tumours displayed strong histological similarity with human prostate cancer. Loss of JunB expression led to increased proliferation and decreased senescence, likely owing to decreased p16(Ink4a) and p21(CIP1) in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the tumour stroma was altered with increased osteopontin and S100 calcium-binding protein A8/9 expression, which correlated with poor prognoses in patients. These data demonstrate that JUNB/AP-1 cooperates with PTEN signalling as barriers to invasive prostate cancer, whose concomitant genetic or epigenetic suppression induce malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Thomsen
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA Cancer Cell Biology Programme, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Bakiri
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA Cancer Cell Biology Programme, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - S C Hasenfuss
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA Cancer Cell Biology Programme, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Wu
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA Cancer Cell Biology Programme, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Morente
- Biobank, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - E F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA Cancer Cell Biology Programme, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Hamamura K, Chen A, Tanjung N, Takigawa S, Sudo A, Yokota H. In vitro and in silico analysis of an inhibitory mechanism of osteoclastogenesis by salubrinal and guanabenz. Cell Signal 2014; 27:353-62. [PMID: 25435425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inactivating bone-resorbing osteoclasts is a prime therapeutic strategy for the prevention of bone loss in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Synthetic agents such as salubrinal and guanabenz, which attenuate stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, are reported to inhibit development of osteoclasts. However, the mechanism of their inhibitory action on osteoclasts is largely unknown. Using genome-wide expression profiles, we predicted key transcription factors that downregulated nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. Principal component analysis (PCA) predicted a list of transcription factors that were potentially responsible for reversing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-driven stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. A partial silencing of NFATc1 allowed a selection of transcription factors that were likely to be located upstream of NFATc1. We validated the predicted transcription factors by focusing on two AP-1 transcription factors (c-Fos and JunB) using RAW264.7 pre-osteoclasts as well as primary bone marrow cells. As predicted, their mRNA and protein levels were elevated by RANKL, and the elevation was suppressed by salubrinal and guanabenz. A partial silencing of c-Fos or JunB by RNA interference decreased NFATc1 as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) mRNA. Collectively, a systems-biology approach allows the prediction of a RANKL-salubrinal/guanabenz-NFATc1 regulatory axis, and in vitro assays validate an involvement of AP-1 transcription factors in suppression of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nancy Tanjung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shinya Takigawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Russo R, Pinsino A, Costa C, Bonaventura R, Matranga V, Zito F. The newly characterizedPl-jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of theParacentrotus lividussea urchin embryo. FEBS J 2014; 281:3828-43. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
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Schlederer M, Mueller KM, Haybaeck J, Heider S, Huttary N, Rosner M, Hengstschläger M, Moriggl R, Dolznig H, Kenner L. Reliable quantification of protein expression and cellular localization in histological sections. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100822. [PMID: 25013898 PMCID: PMC4094387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In targeted therapy, patient tumors are analyzed for aberrant activations of core cancer pathways, monitored based on biomarker expression, to ensure efficient treatment. Thus, diagnosis and therapeutic decisions are often based on the status of biomarkers determined by immunohistochemistry in combination with other clinical parameters. Standard evaluation of cancer specimen by immunohistochemistry is frequently impeded by its dependence on subjective interpretation, showing considerable intra- and inter-observer variability. To make treatment decisions more reliable, automated image analysis is an attractive possibility to reproducibly quantify biomarker expression in patient tissue samples. We tested whether image analysis could detect subtle differences in protein expression levels. Gene dosage effects generate well-graded expression patterns for most gene-products, which vary by a factor of two between wildtype and haploinsufficient cells lacking one allele. We used conditional mouse models with deletion of the transcription factors Stat5ab in the liver as well Junb deletion in a T-cell lymphoma model. We quantified the expression of total or activated STAT5AB or JUNB protein in normal (Stat5ab+/+ or JunB+/+), hemizygous (Stat5ab+/Δ or JunB+/Δ) or knockout (Stat5abΔ/Δ or JunBΔ/Δ) settings. Image analysis was able to accurately detect hemizygosity at the protein level. Moreover, nuclear signals were distinguished from cytoplasmic expression and translocation of the transcription factors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was reliably detected and quantified using image analysis. We demonstrate that image analysis supported pathologists to score nuclear STAT5AB expression levels in immunohistologically stained human hepatocellular patient samples and decreased inter-observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Heider
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Huttary
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Unit for Translational Methods in Cancer Research University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HD); (LK)
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HD); (LK)
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