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CHAUVEAU J, MOULE Y, ROUILLER C, SCHNEEBELI J. Isolation of smooth vesicles and free ribosomes from rat liver microsomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 12:17-29. [PMID: 13878497 PMCID: PMC2106013 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.12.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsomes, isolated from rat liver homogenate in 0.88 M sucrose, have been fractionated by differential centrifugation. The 2nd microsomal fraction, sedimented between 60 minutes at 105,000 g and 3 hours at 145,000 g, consists mainly of smooth vesicles, free ribosomes, and ferritin. By utilizing the differences in density existing between the membranes and the granular elements it has been possible to separate the smooth membranes from the free ribosomes and ferritin. The procedure is to resuspend the 2nd microsomal fraction in a sucrose solution of 1.21 or 1.25 density and centrifuge it at 145,000 g for 20 or 40 hours. A centripetal migration of membranes and a centrifugal sedimentation of granular elements are obtained. Phospholipids, as well as the enzymatic activities DPNH-cytochrome c reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase and esterase are localized in the membranes. The free ribosomes have been purified by washing. A concentration of 200 microg RNA per mg nitrogen has been reached. RNA is also present in the membranes. These results are discussed in relation to current views on microsomal structure and chemistry.
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WADE HE, ROBINSON HK. ABSENCE OF RIBONUCLEASE FROM THE RIBOSOMES OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS. Nature 1996; 200:661-3. [PMID: 14109944 DOI: 10.1038/200661a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chatterjee NK, Sarma MH, Dickerman HW, Beach TA. Dissimilar RNA and protein characteristics of polyribosomes of nuclear and cytoplasmic origin in adenovirus-infected cells. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Spirin AS. Structural transformations of ribosomes (dissociation, unfolding and disassembly). FEBS Lett 1974; 40:suppl:S38-47. [PMID: 4605150 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Meyer M, Bont WS, de Vries M, Nanninga N. Electron microscopic and sedimentation studies on rat-liver ribosomal subunits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 42:259-68. [PMID: 4133787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mechler B, Mach B. Preparation and properties of ribosomal subunits from mouse plasmocytoma tumors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 21:552-64. [PMID: 5098772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Aikawa M, Cook RT. Ribosomes of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. II. Ultrastructural features. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 39:913-7. [PMID: 5002364 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Chao FC, Klein HP. Ribosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain LK2G12, and of other yeasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 141:511-8. [PMID: 5497145 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Talal N, Kaltreider HB. Functional and Structural Studies of Membrane-bound and Free Ribosomes from Rat Spleen. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tsukada K, Moriyama T, Doi O, Lieberman I. Ribosomal Change in Liver after Partial Hepatectomy and Acute Stress. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)56966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kuff EL, Roberts NE. In vivo labeling patterns of free polyribosomes: relationship to tape theory of messenger ribonucleic acid function. J Mol Biol 1967; 26:211-25. [PMID: 6034773 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wilson SH, Hoagland MB. Physiology of rat-liver polysomes. The stability of messenger ribonucleic acid and ribosomes. Biochem J 1967; 103:556-66. [PMID: 6032987 PMCID: PMC1270442 DOI: 10.1042/bj1030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Starvation of rats for several days led to marked decrease in cytoplasmic polysomes and accumulation of breakdown products having S values less than 200s. Re-feeding of the starved animals induced a rapid reassembly of polysomes. These newly formed polysomes, in the presence of actinomycin D, decayed in a biphasic fashion: about two-thirds decayed with an apparent half-life of 3-3(1/2)hr. but the other one-third were much more stable. Evidence that polysome decay is an accurate reflexion of messenger RNA stability is presented, and it is concluded that in the presence of large doses of actinomycin D, rat-liver cytoplasm contains messenger RNA classes of widely varying stability, the more stable class having a half-life of at least 80hr. The half-life of liver ribosomes was also determined and was found to be 110-127hr.
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Zomzely CE, Roberts S, Brown DM, Provost C. Cerebral protein synthesis. I. Physical properties of cerebral ribosomes and polyribosomes. J Mol Biol 1966; 19:455-68. [PMID: 5969075 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kuff EL, Hymer WC, Shelton E, Roberts NE. The in vivo protein synthetic activities of free versus membrane-bound ribonucleoprotein in a plasma-cell tumor of the mouse. J Cell Biol 1966; 29:63-75. [PMID: 5920197 PMCID: PMC2106957 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.29.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic extracts of the transplantable RPC-20 plasma-cell tumor were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Four major fractions were distinguished: (a) microsomes and mitochondria; (b) membrane-free polyribosomes; (c) free monomeric ribosomes; and (d) soluble fraction. The fractions were analyzed for RNA and lipid phosphorus, and their particulate components were characterized by electron microscopy. Particular attention was paid to the problem of membrane contamination of the free polyribosome fraction. It was shown that this contamination was small in relation with the total content of ribosomes in the fraction, and that it consisted primarily of smooth-surfaced membranes which were not physically associated with the polyribosomes themselves. In vivo incorporation studies were carried out by injecting tumor-bearing animals intravenously with leucine-C(14), removing the tumors at various times thereafter, and determining the distribution of protein radioactivity among the gradient-separated cytoplasmic fractions. The free polyribosome and the microsome-mitochondria fractions constituted active centers for protein synthesis. It was shown that nascent protein of the free polyribosome fractions was not associated significantly with the contaminating membranes. The kinetics of labeling during incorporation times up to 11 min suggested that protein synthesized on the free polyribosomes was rapidly transferred in vivo to the soluble fraction of the cell, while protein synthesized by the microsomes and mitochondria remained localized within these elements. It was estimated that the free polyribosome fraction and the microsome-mitochondria fraction accounted for approximately equal proportions of the total cytoplasmic protein synthesis in vivo.
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Kuff EL, Hymer WC. Pulse-labeling patterns of microsomal ribonucleic acid extracted with lauryltrimethylammonium chloride. Biochemistry 1966; 5:959-70. [PMID: 5330068 DOI: 10.1021/bi00867a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Petermann ML, Pavlovec A. The subunits and structural ribonucleic acids of Jensen sarcoma ribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 114:264-76. [PMID: 5943881 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(66)90308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Schwartz ER, Petermann ML. The binding properties of rat-liver ribosomes: complexes formed with cytochrome c. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 112:119-31. [PMID: 5947886 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6585(96)90014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ghosh JJ, Datta RK, Bhattacharyya KC. Drug induced changes in the cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein constituents of brain tissue. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1965; 43:959-75. [PMID: 5855665 DOI: 10.1139/o65-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies carried out on the properties of isolated ribosomes from drug-treated brain cortex slices indicate that ribosomes from drug-treated tissues are generally more susceptible to breakdown into smaller components such as proteins, nucleic acids, acid-soluble nucleotides, etc. It seems that some factor or factors responsible for the stability of the complex macromolecular structure of ribonucleoproteins of brain tissue are affected as a result of drug treatment. Ribosomal RNA from drug-treated brain tissue has been isolated under standardized conditions and the secondary structures of RNA have been studied by methods involving thermal hyperchromicity and reaction with formaldehyde. This latter study indicates that, during the action of some of these neuropharmacological drugs, the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA of brain tissue is partially lost. The loss in the stability of cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins in drug-treated brain tissue may partly be due to the disorganization at the level of the secondary structure of the RNA component.
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GINZBURG-TIETZ Y, KAUFMANN E, TRAUB A. Studies on nuclear ribosomes II. Transfer of ribosomes from nucleus to cytoplasm in the early stages of viral infection. Exp Cell Res 1964; 34:384-95. [PMID: 14165597 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(64)90373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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BARBIERI GP, DI MARCO A. Significance of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes for protein biosynthesis in rat liver and Yoshida hepatoma ascites cells. Exp Cell Res 1963; 30:193-9. [PMID: 13966547 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Richter G. Veränderung der subzellulären Verteilung der Ribonucleinsäure in der Mäuseleber nach Tetrachlorkohlenstoffvergiftung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1016/0926-6550(62)90043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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STEFFENSEN DM. Chromosome Structure with Special Reference to the Role of Metal Ions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1962; 12:163-97. [PMID: 13916552 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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