1
|
Branco A, Rayabaram J, Miranda CC, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Fernandes TG, Sajja S, da Silva CL, Vemuri MC. Advances in ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for clinical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1380950. [PMID: 38846805 PMCID: PMC11153805 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1380950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As caretakers of the hematopoietic system, hematopoietic stem cells assure a lifelong supply of differentiated populations that are responsible for critical bodily functions, including oxygen transport, immunological protection and coagulation. Due to the far-reaching influence of the hematopoietic system, hematological disorders typically have a significant impact on the lives of individuals, even becoming fatal. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was the first effective therapeutic avenue to treat such hematological diseases. Since then, key use and manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells for treatments has been aspired to fully take advantage of such an important cell population. Limited knowledge on hematopoietic stem cell behavior has motivated in-depth research into their biology. Efforts were able to uncover their native environment and characteristics during development and adult stages. Several signaling pathways at a cellular level have been mapped, providing insight into their machinery. Important dynamics of hematopoietic stem cell maintenance were begun to be understood with improved comprehension of their metabolism and progressive aging. These advances have provided a solid platform for the development of innovative strategies for the manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Specifically, expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell pool has triggered immense interest, gaining momentum. A wide range of approaches have sprouted, leading to a variety of expansion systems, from simpler small molecule-based strategies to complex biomimetic scaffolds. The recent approval of Omisirge, the first expanded hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell product, whose expansion platform is one of the earliest, is predictive of further successes that might arise soon. In order to guarantee the quality of these ex vivo manipulated cells, robust assays that measure cell function or potency need to be developed. Whether targeting hematopoietic engraftment, immunological differentiation potential or malignancy clearance, hematopoietic stem cells and their derivatives need efficient scaling of their therapeutic potency. In this review, we comprehensively view hematopoietic stem cells as therapeutic assets, going from fundamental to translational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Branco
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Janakiram Rayabaram
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Invitrogen Bioservices, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- AccelBio, Collaborative Laboratory to Foster Translation and Drug Discovery, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suchitra Sajja
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Invitrogen Bioservices, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren Y, Cui Y, Tan Y, Xu Z, Wang H. Expansion strategies for umbilical cord blood haematopoietic stem cells in vitro. Vox Sang 2023; 118:913-920. [PMID: 37831598 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is considered an effective treatment for some haematopoietic malignancies, haematopoietic failure and immunodeficiency. Compared with bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, cord blood has the advantages of easy access, being harmless to donors and low requirement for HLA matching. In addition, umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has achieved remarkable clinical success in the past 30 years due to the low recurrence rate of malignancies treated by UCBT, mild degree of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and good quality of life for patients after transplantation. However, the number of cells in a single cord blood is too small for rapid bone marrow implantation. We summarize the various factors involved that need to be considered in the expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro, which all avoid complex operations, such as vector construction and virus transfection. We also found it necessary to identify a new molecule as the carrier of HSCs cultured in vitro, which not only would provide a three-dimensional structure conducive to the self-renewal of HSCs but also prevent their differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanni Cui
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Tan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gutierrez-Barbosa H, Medina-Moreno S, Perdomo-Celis F, Davis H, Coronel-Ruiz C, Zapata JC, Chua JV. A Comparison of Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells Derived from Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Xenografted into NOD-Derived Mouse Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1548. [PMID: 37375051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice are an invaluable tool for investigating human diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, it is crucial to understand the strengths and limitations of humanized mice and select the most appropriate model. In this study, we describe the development of the human lymphoid and myeloid lineages using a flow cytometric analysis in four humanized mouse models derived from NOD mice xenotransplanted with CD34+ fetal cord blood from a single donor. Our results showed that all murine strains sustained human immune cells within a proinflammatory environment induced by GvHD. However, the Hu-SGM3 model consistently generated higher numbers of human T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, and megakaryocytes, and a low number of circulating platelets showing an activated profile when compared with the other murine strains. The hu-NOG-EXL model had a similar cell development profile but a higher number of circulating platelets with an inactivated state, and the hu-NSG and hu-NCG developed low frequencies of immune cells compared with the other models. Interestingly, only the hu-SGM3 and hu-EXL models developed mast cells. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate humanized mouse model for specific research questions, considering the strengths and limitations of each model and the immune cell populations of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Medina-Moreno
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Harry Davis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Carolina Coronel-Ruiz
- Vice-Chancellor of Research, Virology Group, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joel V Chua
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Sugimura R. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113599. [PMID: 37061173 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into various mature blood cells and immune cells, thus reconstituting hematopoiesis. By taking advantage of the tremendous potential of HSCs, varied hereditary and hematologic diseases are promised to be alleviated or cured. To solve the contradiction between the growing demand for HSCs in disease treatment and the low population of HSCs in both cord blood and bone marrow, ex vivo HSC expansion along with multiple protocols has been investigated for harvesting adequate HSCs over the past two decades. This review surveys the state-of-the-art techniques for ex vivo HSC self-renewal and provides a concise summary of the effects of diverse intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the expansion of HSCs. The remaining challenges and emerging opportunities in the field of HSC expansion are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ujvari D, Malyukova A, Zovko A, Yektaei-Karin E, Madapura HS, Keszei M, Nagy N, Lotfi K, Björn N, Wallvik J, Stenke L, Salamon D. IFNγ directly counteracts imatinib-induced apoptosis of primary human CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells potentially through the upregulation of multiple key survival factors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2109861. [PMID: 35979386 PMCID: PMC9377247 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but residual disease typically persists even after prolonged treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that TKIs administered to CML patients upregulate interferon γ (IFNγ) production, which may counteract the anti-tumorigenic effects of the therapy. We now show that activated T cell-conditioned medium (TCM) enhanced proliferation and counteracted imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells, and addition of a neutralizing anti-IFNγ antibody at least partially inhibited the anti-apoptotic effect. Likewise, recombinant IFNγ also reduced imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells. This anti-apoptotic effect of IFNγ was independent of alternative IFNγ signaling pathways, but could be notably diminished by STAT1-knockdown. Furthermore, IFNγ upregulated the expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, including MCL1, PARP9, and PARP14, both in untreated and imatinib-treated primary human CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells. Our results suggest that activated T cells in imatinib-treated CML patients can directly rescue CML cells from imatinib-induced apoptosis at least partially through the secretion of IFNγ, which exerts a rapid, STAT1-dependent anti-apoptotic effect potentially through the simultaneous upregulation of several key hematopoietic survival factors. These mechanisms may have a major clinical impact, when targeting residual leukemic stem/progenitor cells in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ujvari
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Pandemic Center, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alena Malyukova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Zovko
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elham Yektaei-Karin
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harsha S Madapura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Lotfi
- Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Björn
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Wallvik
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif Stenke
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Salamon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tajer P, Canté-Barrett K, Naber BAE, Vloemans SA, van Eggermond MCJA, van der Hoorn ML, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. IL3 Has a Detrimental Effect on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Transplantation Settings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112736. [PMID: 36361533 PMCID: PMC9655151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex vivo expansion and maintenance of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) is crucial for stem cell-based gene therapy. A combination of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FLT3 ligand (FLT3) and interleukin 3 (IL3) cytokines has been commonly used in clinical settings for the expansion of CD34+ from different sources, prior to transplantation. To assess the effect of IL3 on repopulating capacity of cultured CD34+ cells, we employed the commonly used combination of STF, TPO and FILT3 with or without IL3. Expanded cells were transplanted into NSG mice, followed by secondary transplantation. Overall, this study shows that IL3 leads to lower human cell engraftment and repopulating capacity in NSG mice, suggesting a negative effect of IL3 on HSC self-renewal. We, therefore, recommend omitting IL3 from HSC-based gene therapy protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tajer
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A. E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A. Vloemans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effect of expansion of human umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells on neurotrophic and angiogenic factor expression and function. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:117-132. [PMID: 35106623 PMCID: PMC8976778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of CD34 + cell-based therapies has largely been focused on haematological conditions. However, there is increasing evidence that umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34 + -derived cells have neuroregenerative properties. Due to low cell numbers of CD34 + cells present in UCB, expansion is required to produce sufficient cells for therapeutic purposes, especially in adults or when frequent applications are required. However, it is not known whether expansion of CD34 + cells has an impact on their function and neuroregenerative capacity. We addressed this knowledge gap in this study, via expansion of UCB-derived CD34 + cells using combinations of LDL, UM171 and SR-1 to yield large numbers of cells and then tested their functionality. CD34 + cells expanded for 14 days in media containing UM171 and SR-1 resulted in over 1000-fold expansion. The expanded cells showed an up-regulation of the neurotrophic factor genes BDNF, GDNF, NTF-3 and NTF-4, as well as the angiogenic factors VEGF and ANG. In vitro functionality testing showed that these expanded cells promoted angiogenesis and, in brain glial cells, promoted cell proliferation and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress. Collectively, this study showed that our 14-day expansion protocol provided a robust expansion that could produce enough cells for therapeutic purposes. These expanded cells, when tested in in vitro, maintained functionality as demonstrated through promotion of cell proliferation, attenuation of ROS production caused by oxidative stress and promotion of angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Clever Experimental Designs: Shortcuts for Better iPSC Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123540. [PMID: 34944048 PMCID: PMC8700474 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For practical use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for disease modelling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine, the cell differentiation process needs to be properly refined to generate end products with consistent and high quality. To construct and optimize a robust cell-induction process, a myriad of cell culture conditions should be considered. In contrast to inefficient brute-force screening, statistical design of experiments (DOE) approaches, such as factorial design, orthogonal array design, response surface methodology (RSM), definitive screening design (DSD), and mixture design, enable efficient and strategic screening of conditions in smaller experimental runs through multifactorial screening and/or quantitative modeling. Although DOE has become routinely utilized in the bioengineering and pharmaceutical fields, the imminent need of more detailed cell-lineage specification, complex organoid construction, and a stable supply of qualified cell-derived material requires expedition of DOE utilization in stem cell bioprocessing. This review summarizes DOE-based cell culture optimizations of PSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which guide effective research and development of PSC-derived materials for academic and industrial applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerts synergistic antitumorigenic effects on CML cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:875. [PMID: 34564697 PMCID: PMC8464601 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment has dramatically improved the survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but measurable residual disease typically persists. To more effectively eradicate leukemia cells, simultaneous targeting of BCR-ABL1 and additional CML-related survival proteins has been proposed. Notably, several highly specific myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials for various hematologic malignancies, although not for CML, reflecting the insensitivity of CML cell lines to single MCL1 inhibition. Here, we show that combining TKI (imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, or asciminib) treatment with the small-molecule MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerted strong synergistic antiviability and proapoptotic effects on CML lines and CD34+ stem/progenitor cells isolated from untreated CML patients in chronic phase. Using wild-type BCR-ABL1-harboring CML lines and their T315I-mutated sublines (generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination), we prove that the synergistic proapoptotic effect of the drug combination depended on TKI-mediated BCR-ABL1 inhibition, but not on TKI-related off-target mechanisms. Moreover, we demonstrate that colony formation of CML but not normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells became markedly reduced upon combination treatment compared to imatinib monotherapy. Our results suggest that dual targeting of MCL1 and BCR-ABL1 activity may efficiently eradicate residual CML cells without affecting normal hematopoietic stem/progenitors.
Collapse
|
10
|
A connexin/ifi30 pathway bridges HSCs with their niche to dampen oxidative stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4484. [PMID: 34301940 PMCID: PMC8302694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a by-product of metabolism and their excess is toxic for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). During embryogenesis, a small number of HSPCs are produced from the hemogenic endothelium, before they colonize a transient organ where they expand, for example the fetal liver in mammals. In this study, we use zebrafish to understand the molecular mechanisms that are important in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (equivalent to the mammalian fetal liver) to promote HSPC expansion. High levels of ROS are deleterious for HSPCs in this niche, however this is rescued by addition of antioxidants. We show that Cx41.8 is important to lower ROS levels in HSPCs. We also demonstrate a new role for ifi30, known to be involved in the immune response. In the hematopoietic niche, Ifi30 can recycle oxidized glutathione to allow HSPCs to dampen their levels of ROS, a role that could be conserved in human fetal liver. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic by-products which in excess can be toxic for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here the authors show that toxic ROS are transferred by expanding HSPCs to the zebrafish developmental niche via connexin Cx41.8, where Ifi30 promotes their detoxification.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cytokine combinations for human blood stem cell expansion induce cell type- and cytokine-specific signaling dynamics. Blood 2021; 138:847-857. [PMID: 33988686 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) integrate signals from their environment to make fate decisions remains incompletely understood. Current knowledge is based on either averages of heterogeneous populations or snapshot analyses, both missing important information about the dynamics of intracellular signaling activity. By combining fluorescent biosensors with time-lapse imaging and microfluidics, we measured the activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway over time (i.e. dynamics) in live single human umbilical cord blood HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs). In single cells, ERK signaling dynamics were highly heterogeneous and depended on the cytokines, their combinations, and cell types. ERK signaling was activated by SCF and FLT3L in HSCs, but by SCF, IL3 and GCSF in MPPs. Different cytokines and their combinations led to distinct ERK signaling dynamics frequencies, and ERK dynamics in HSCs were more transient than those in MPPs. A combination of 5 cytokines recently shown to maintain HSCs in long-term culture, had a more-than-additive effect in eliciting sustained ERK dynamics in HSCs. ERK signaling dynamics also predicted future cell fates. E.g. CD45RA expression increased more in HSC daughters with intermediate than with transient or sustained ERK signaling. We demonstrate heterogeneous, cytokine- and cell type- specific ERK signaling dynamics, illustrating their relevance in regulating HSPC fates.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell-derived TNFα impairs bone marrow myelopoiesis. iScience 2020; 24:101994. [PMID: 33458625 PMCID: PMC7797930 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα is implicated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immunosuppression and disease progression. TNFα is constitutively produced by CLL B cells and is a negative regulator of bone marrow (BM) myelopoiesis. Here, we show that co-culture of CLL B cells with purified normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) directly altered protein levels of the myeloid and erythroid cell fate determinants PU.1 and GATA-2 at the single-cell level within transitional HSPC subsets, mimicking ex vivo expression patterns. Physical separation of CLL cells from control HSPCs or neutralizing TNFα abrogated upregulation of PU.1, yet restoration of GATA-2 required TNFα neutralization, suggesting both cell contact and soluble-factor-mediated regulation. We further show that CLL patient BM myeloid progenitors are diminished in frequency and function, an effect recapitulated by chronic exposure of control HSPCs to low-dose TNFα. These findings implicate CLL B-cell-derived TNFα in impaired BM myelopoiesis. CLL patient BM HSPCs exhibit aberrant molecular and functional characteristics CLL B-cell-derived TNFα upregulates PU.1 and GATA-2 in BM HSPCs The effects of CLL B-cell-derived TNFα are reversible upon TNFα neutralization Chronic TNFα exposure in vitro recapitulates ex vivo HSPC functional deficiencies
Collapse
|
13
|
Branco A, Bucar S, Moura-Sampaio J, Lilaia C, Cabral JMS, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Lobato da Silva C. Tailored Cytokine Optimization for ex vivo Culture Platforms Targeting the Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573282. [PMID: 33330414 PMCID: PMC7729524 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been established as an alternative source for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) for cell and gene therapies. Limited cell yields of UCB units have been tackled with the development of cytokine-based ex vivo expansion platforms. To improve the effectiveness of these platforms, namely targeting clinical approval, in this study, we optimized the cytokine cocktails in two clinically relevant expansion platforms for HSPC, a liquid suspension culture system (CS_HSPC) and a co-culture system with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSC) (CS_HSPC/MSC). Using a methodology based on experimental design, three different cytokines [stem cell factor (SCF), fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), and thrombopoietin (TPO)] were studied in both systems during a 7-day culture under serum-free conditions. Proliferation and colony-forming unit assays, as well as immunophenotypic analysis were performed. Five experimental outputs [fold increase (FI) of total nucleated cells (FI TNC), FI of CD34+ cells, FI of erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E), FI of colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM), and FI of multilineage colony-forming unit (CFU-Mix)] were followed as target outputs of the optimization model. The novel optimized cocktails determined herein comprised concentrations of 64, 61, and 80 ng/mL (CS_HSPC) and 90, 82, and 77 ng/mL (CS_HSPC/MSC) for SCF, Flt-3L, and TPO, respectively. After cytokine optimization, CS_HSPC and CS_HSPC/MSC were directly compared as platforms. CS_HSPC/MSC outperformed the feeder-free system in 6 of 8 tested experimental measures, displaying superior capability toward increasing the number of hematopoietic cells while maintaining the expression of HSPC markers (i.e., CD34+ and CD34+CD90+) and multilineage differentiation potential. A tailored approach toward optimization has made it possible to individually maximize cytokine contribution in both studied platforms. Consequently, cocktail optimization has successfully led to an increase in the expansion platform performance, while allowing a rational side-by-side comparison among different platforms and enhancing our knowledge on the impact of cytokine supplementation on the HSPC expansion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Branco
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Bucar
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Moura-Sampaio
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Lilaia
- Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Q, Wu Z, Bao C, Li W, He H, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Ning Z. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5022-5032. [PMID: 31612013 PMCID: PMC6781610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to govern the origin, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of human cancer. CSCs have been identified in nearly all types of human cancer, including esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Four major methods are typically used to isolate or enrich CSCs, including: i) fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting using cell-specific surface markers; ii) stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; iii) side population cell phenotype markers; and iv) microsphere culture methods. ESCC stem cells have been identified using a number of these methods. An increasing number of stem cell signatures and pathways have been identified, which have assisted in the clarification of molecular mechanisms that regulate the stemness of ESCC stem cells. Certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus, are also considered to be important in the formation of CSCs, and there is a crosstalk between stemness and viruses-associated genes/pathways, which may suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the eradication of CSCs. In the present review, findings are summarized along these lines of inquiry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Ji'nan University Medical School, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahony CB, Bertrand JY. How HSCs Colonize and Expand in the Fetal Niche of the Vertebrate Embryo: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30915333 PMCID: PMC6422921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self-renew, establish the entire blood system and represent the basis of regenerative medicine applied to hematological disorders. Clinical use of HSCs is however limited by their inefficient expansion ex vivo, creating a need to further understand HSC expansion in vivo. After embryonic HSCs are born from the hemogenic endothelium, they migrate to the embryonic/fetal niche, where the future adult HSC pool is established by considerable expansion. This takes place at different anatomical sites and is controlled by numerous signals. HSCs then migrate to their adult niche, where they are maintained throughout adulthood. Exactly how HSC expansion is controlled during embryogenesis remains to be characterized and is an important step to improve the therapeutic use of HSCs. We will review the current knowledge of HSC expansion in the different fetal niches across several model organisms and highlight possible clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahony CB, Pasche C, Bertrand JY. Oncostatin M and Kit-Ligand Control Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate during Zebrafish Embryogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1920-1934. [PMID: 29779898 PMCID: PMC5993650 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways controlling hematopoietic stem cell specification and expansion is a necessary milestone to perform regenerative medicine. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study the role of the ckit signaling pathway in this process. We show the importance of kitb/kitlgb signaling in the specification and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in the hemogenic endothelium and caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), respectively. Moreover, we identified the zebrafish ortholog of Oncostatin M (osm) in the zebrafish genome. We show that the osm/osmr pathway acts upstream of kitb during specification of the hemogenic endothelium, while both pathways act synergistically to expand HSCs in the CHT. Moreover, we found that osm, in addition to its role in promoting HSC proliferation, inhibits HSC commitment to the lymphoid fate. Altogether, our data identified two cytokines, kitlgb and osm, secreted by the vascular niche, that control HSCs during early embryonic development. kitb/kitlgb signaling is necessary for HSCs in the zebrafish model osm is a new cytokine important for HSCs in the zebrafish model osmr and kitb signaling are required sequentially for HSC specification osmr and kitb synergize to expand HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Pasche
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rossmann MP, Orkin SH, Chute JP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
18
|
Knapp DJHF, Hammond CA, Miller PH, Rabu GM, Beer PA, Ricicova M, Lecault V, Da Costa D, VanInsberghe M, Cheung AM, Pellacani D, Piret J, Hansen C, Eaves CJ. Dissociation of Survival, Proliferation, and State Control in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:152-162. [PMID: 28076756 PMCID: PMC5233451 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of growth factors (GFs) in controlling the biology of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains limited by a lack of information concerning the individual and combined effects of GFs directly on the survival, Mitogenesis, and regenerative activity of highly purified human HSCs. We show that the initial input HSC activity of such a purified starting population of human cord blood cells can be fully maintained over a 21-day period in serum-free medium containing five GFs alone. HSC survival was partially supported by any one of these GFs, but none were essential, and different combinations of GFs variably stimulated HSC proliferation. However, serial transplantability was not detectably compromised by many conditions that reduced human HSC proliferation and/or survival. These results demonstrate the dissociated control of these three human HSC bio-responses, and set the stage for future improvements in strategies to modify and expand human HSCs ex vivo. Growth factors alone can maintain serially transplantable human cord blood HSCs Growth factors tunably and combinatorially control HSC survival and proliferation SCF is a critical factor for stimulating human HSC proliferation HSC regenerative activity is regulated independent of HSC survival or proliferation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J H F Knapp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Colin A Hammond
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Paul H Miller
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gabrielle M Rabu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Philip A Beer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Lecault
- AbCellera Biologics Inc, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel Da Costa
- AbCellera Biologics Inc, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael VanInsberghe
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alice M Cheung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Davide Pellacani
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - James Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl Hansen
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10(th) Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kohlscheen S, Bonig H, Modlich U. Promises and Challenges in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:782-799. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kohlscheen
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tornack J, Kawano Y, Garbi N, Hämmerling GJ, Melchers F, Tsuneto M. Flt3 ligand-eGFP-reporter expression characterizes functionally distinct subpopulations of CD150+long-term repopulating murine hematopoietic stem cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1477-1487. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tornack
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Division of Molecular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Günter J. Hämmerling
- Division of Molecular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
- Reproductive Centre; Mio Fertility Clinic; Tottori Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu C, Jiang Z, Hou A, Mu Y, Liu W, Tan S. Shen-Cao granules formulated based on traditional Chinese medicine alleviates bone marrow suppression caused by platinum-based anticancer reagents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6818. [PMID: 28489759 PMCID: PMC5428593 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Shen-Cao granules for the prevention of thrombocytopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 200 patients with various malignant tumors were enrolled and evenly divided into a Shen-Cao granule treatment (n = 100) and a control group (n = 100). After 2 cycles chemotherapy with any combination of platinum-based drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin, and nedaplatin), the blood platelet (PLT) counts, levels of the PLT production regulator thrombopoietin (TPO), PLT aggregation rates, and the PLT activation marker CD62P expressions were monitored for 2 weeks. RESULTS During 2 weeks of post-chemotherapy, the mean values of the minimum PLT count were 49.65 ± 7.35 × 10/L in the treatment group and 31.56 ± 9.32 × 10/L in the control group. The PLT count in the treatment group reached the lowest value 1.8 days later and recovered to a concentration ≥100 × 10/L 3 days earlier than in the control group. The concentrations of the TPO were 71.43 ± 1.74 and 87.24 ± 0.92 ng/mL in the treatment group and 65.75 ± 1.39 and 67.75 ± 0.67 ng/mL in the control group at 7 and 14 days post-chemotherapy, respectively. The maximum PLT aggregation rate declined after chemotherapy in the treatment group from 58.14 ± 11.46% to 52.89 ± 10.52%, while it increased in the control group from 56.94 ± 10.55% to 61.75 ± 12.26%. Coordinately, the expression of CD62P in the treatment group decreased from 6.17 ± 0.59% to 4.89 ± 0.72%, while it increased from 6.09 ± 0.75% to 7.75 ± 0.67% in the control group. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that Shen-Cao granule treatment alleviated thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy, and reduced tumor-induced PLT activation and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhonghua Jiang
- Department of Image, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kiselev VY, Kirschner K, Schaub MT, Andrews T, Yiu A, Chandra T, Natarajan KN, Reik W, Barahona M, Green AR, Hemberg M. SC3: consensus clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data. Nat Methods 2017; 14:483-486. [PMID: 28346451 PMCID: PMC5410170 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq enables the quantitative characterization of cell types based on global transcriptome profiles. We present single-cell consensus clustering (SC3), a user-friendly tool for unsupervised clustering, which achieves high accuracy and robustness by combining multiple clustering solutions through a consensus approach (http://bioconductor.org/packages/SC3). We demonstrate that SC3 is capable of identifying subclones from the transcriptomes of neoplastic cells collected from patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael T. Schaub
- Department of Mathematics and naXys, University of Namur, Belgium
- ICTEAM, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Andrew Yiu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kedar N Natarajan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Madapura HS, Nagy N, Ujvari D, Kallas T, Kröhnke MCL, Amu S, Björkholm M, Stenke L, Mandal PK, McMurray JS, Keszei M, Westerberg LS, Cheng H, Xue F, Klein G, Klein E, Salamon D. Interferon γ is a STAT1-dependent direct inducer of BCL6 expression in imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:4619-4628. [PMID: 28368400 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) exerts oncogenic effects in several human hematopoietic malignancies including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), where BCL6 expression was shown to be essential for CML stem cell survival and self-renewal during imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment. As several lines of evidence suggest that interferon γ (IFNγ) production in CML patients might have a central role in the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, we analyzed if IFNγ modulates BCL6 expression in CML cells. Although separate IFNγ or IM treatment only slightly upregulated BCL6 expression, combined treatment induced remarkable BCL6 upregulation in CML lines and primary human CD34+ CML stem cells. We proved that during combined treatment, inhibition of constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 activation by IM allowed the specific enhancement of the STAT1 dependent, direct upregulation of BCL6 by IFNγ in CML cells. By using colony-forming assay, we found that IFNγ enhanced the ex vivo colony or cluster-forming capacity of human CML stem cells in the absence or presence of IM, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of the transcriptional repressor function of BCL6 in the presence of IM and IFNγ almost completely blocked the cluster formation of human CML stem cells. On the other hand, by using small interfering RNA knockdown of BCL6, we demonstrated that in an IM-treated CML line the antiapoptotic effect of IFNγ was independent of BCL6 upregulation. We found that IFNγ also upregulated several antiapoptotic members of the BCL2 and BIRC gene families in CML cells, including the long isoform of MCL1, which proved to be essential for the antiapoptotic effect of IFNγ in an IM-treated CML line. Our results suggest that combination of TKIs with BCL6 and MCL1 inhibitors may potentially lead to the complete eradication of CML stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Madapura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Ujvari
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Kallas
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M C L Kröhnke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Björkholm
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Stenke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P K Mandal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S McMurray
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Salamon
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin W, Zheng Y, Qian BZ, Zhao M. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28400729 PMCID: PMC5368180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide. However, current treatments for prostate cancer patients in advanced stage often fail because of relapse. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are resistant to most standard therapies, and are considered to be a major mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this review, we summarized current understanding of PCSCs and their self-renewal signaling pathways with a specific focus on Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt inhibitors have been developed to target PCSCs, their application is still limited by inefficient delivery and toxicity in vivo. Recently, nanotechnology has opened a new avenue for cancer drug delivery, which significantly increases specificity and reduces toxicity. These nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods showed great potential in targeting PCSCs. Here, we summarized current advancement of nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in designing future therapies to eliminate PCSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre and MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Distinct signaling programs control human hematopoietic stem cell survival and proliferation. Blood 2016; 129:307-318. [PMID: 27827829 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-740654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several growth factors (GFs) that together promote quiescent human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion ex vivo have been identified; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these GFs regulate the survival, proliferation. and differentiation of human HSCs remain poorly understood. We now describe experiments in which we used mass cytometry to simultaneously measure multiple surface markers, transcription factors, active signaling intermediates, viability, and cell-cycle indicators in single CD34+ cord blood cells before and up to 2 hours after their stimulation with stem cell factor, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 GFs) either alone or combined. Cells with a CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ (CD49f+) phenotype (∼10% HSCs with >6-month repopulating activity in immunodeficient mice) displayed rapid increases in activated STAT1/3/5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, AKT, CREB, and S6 by 1 or more of these GFs, and β-catenin only when the 5 GFs were combined. Certain minority subsets within the CD49f+ compartment were poorly GF-responsive and, among the more GF-responsive subsets of CD49f+ cells, different signaling intermediates correlated with the levels of the myeloid- and lymphoid-associated transcription factors measured. Phenotypically similar, but CD90-CD49f- cells (MPPs) contained lower baseline levels of multiple signaling intermediates than the CD90+CD49f+ cells, but showed similar response amplitudes to the same GFs. Importantly, we found activation or inhibition of AKT and β-catenin directly altered immediate CD49f+ cell survival and proliferation. These findings identify rapid signaling events that 5 GFs elicit directly in the most primitive human hematopoietic cell types to promote their survival and proliferation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cavazzana M, Six E, Lagresle-Peyrou C, André-Schmutz I, Hacein-Bey-Abina S. Gene Therapy for X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Where Do We Stand? Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:108-16. [PMID: 26790362 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) appeared to be the best condition to test the feasibility of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. The seminal SCID-X1 clinical studies, based on first-generation gammaretroviral vectors, demonstrated good long-term immune reconstitution in most treated patients despite the occurrence of vector-related leukemia in a few of them. This gene therapy has successfully enabled correction of the T cell defect. Natural killer and B cell defects were only partially restored, most likely due to the absence of a conditioning regimen. The success of these pioneering trials paved the way for the extension of gene-based treatment to many other diseases of the hematopoietic system, but the unfortunate serious adverse events led to extensive investigations to define the retrovirus integration profiles. This review puts into perspective the clinical experience of gene therapy for SCID-X1, with the development and implementation of new generations of safer vectors such as self-inactivating gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors as well as major advances in integrome knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cavazzana
- 1 Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris.,2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris.,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute , Paris.,4 INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis , Paris
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- 2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris.,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute , Paris.,4 INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis , Paris
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- 2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris.,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute , Paris.,4 INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis , Paris
| | - Isabelle André-Schmutz
- 2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris.,3 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute , Paris.,4 INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis , Paris
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- 1 Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris.,2 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris.,5 UTCBS CNRS 8258-INSERM U1022, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes , Paris.,6 Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud , AP-HP, Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma X, Feng Y. Hypercholesterolemia Tunes Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1162. [PMID: 27447612 PMCID: PMC4964534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the pathological basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis is featured as a chronic inflammation. Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for CVD. Accumulated studies have shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with myeloid cell expansion, which stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses, strengthens inflammation, and accelerates atherosclerosis progression. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in bone marrow (BM) expresses a panel of lipoprotein receptors to control cholesterol homeostasis. Deficiency of these receptors abrogates cellular cholesterol efflux, resulting in HSPC proliferation and differentiation in hypercholesterolemic mice. Reduction of the cholesterol level in the lipid rafts by infusion of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or its major apolipoprotein, apoA-I, reverses hypercholesterolemia-induced HSPC expansion. Apart from impaired cholesterol metabolism, inhibition of reactive oxygen species production suppresses HSPC activation and leukocytosis. These data indicate that the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypercholesterolemia on HSPC proliferation and differentiation could be multifaceted. Furthermore, dyslipidemia also regulates HSPC-neighboring cells, resulting in HSPC mobilization. In the article, we review how hypercholesterolemia evokes HSPC activation and mobilization directly or via its modification of BM microenvironment. We hope this review will bring light to finding key molecules to control HSPC expansion, inflammation, and atherosclerosis for the treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
tfec controls the hematopoietic stem cell vascular niche during zebrafish embryogenesis. Blood 2016; 128:1336-45. [PMID: 27402973 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-710137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, embryonic hematopoiesis occurs in successive waves, culminating with the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the aorta. HSCs first migrate to the fetal liver (FL), where they expand, before they seed the bone marrow niche, where they will sustain hematopoiesis throughout adulthood. In zebrafish, HSCs emerge from the dorsal aorta and colonize the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). Recent studies showed that they interact with endothelial cells (ECs), where they expand, before they reach their ultimate niche, the kidney marrow. We identified tfec, a transcription factor from the mitf family, which is highly enriched in caudal endothelial cells (cECs) at the time of HSC colonization in the CHT. Gain-of-function assays indicate that tfec is capable of expanding HSC-derived hematopoiesis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Furthermore, tfec mutants (generated by CRISPR/Cas9) showed reduced hematopoiesis in the CHT, leading to anemia. Tfec mediates these changes by increasing the expression of several cytokines in cECs from the CHT niche. Among these, we found kitlgb, which could rescue the loss of HSCs observed in tfec mutants. We conclude that tfec plays an important role in the niche to expand hematopoietic progenitors through the modulation of several cytokines. The full comprehension of the mechanisms induced by tfec will represent an important milestone toward the expansion of HSCs for regenerative purposes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Early production of human neutrophils and platelets posttransplant is severely compromised by growth factor exposure. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:635-40. [PMID: 27090409 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The critical human cells that produce neutrophils and platelets within 3 weeks in recipients of hematopoietic transplants are thought to produce these mature blood cells with the same kinetics in sublethally irradiated immunodeficient mice. Quantification of their numbers indicates their relative underrepresentation in cord blood (CB), likely explaining the clinical inadequacy of single CB units in rescuing hematopoiesis in myelosuppressed adult patients. We here describe that exposure of CD34(+) CB cells ex vivo to growth factors that markedly expand their numbers and colony-forming cell content also rapidly (within 24 hours) produce a significant and sustained net loss of their original short-term repopulating activity. This loss of short-term in vivo repopulating activity affects early platelet production faster than early neutrophil output, consistent with their origin from distinct input populations. Moreover, this growth factor-mediated loss is not abrogated by published strategies to increase progenitor homing despite evidence that the effect on rapid neutrophil production is paralleled in time and amount by a loss of the homing of their committed clonogenic precursors to the bone marrow. These results highlight the inability of in vitro or phenotype assessments to reliably predict clinical engraftment kinetics of cultured CB cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chemical Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Induces Fetal Hemoglobin through Activation of GATA2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153767. [PMID: 27073918 PMCID: PMC4830539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic intervention aimed at reactivation of fetal hemoglobin protein (HbF) is a promising approach for ameliorating sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. Previous studies showed genetic knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 or 2 is sufficient to induce HbF. Here we show that ACY-957, a selective chemical inhibitor of HDAC1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), elicits a dose and time dependent induction of γ-globin mRNA (HBG) and HbF in cultured primary cells derived from healthy individuals and sickle cell patients. Gene expression profiling of erythroid progenitors treated with ACY-957 identified global changes in gene expression that were significantly enriched in genes previously shown to be affected by HDAC1 or 2 knockdown. These genes included GATA2, which was induced greater than 3-fold. Lentiviral overexpression of GATA2 in primary erythroid progenitors increased HBG, and reduced adult β-globin mRNA (HBB). Furthermore, knockdown of GATA2 attenuated HBG induction by ACY-957. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of primary erythroid progenitors demonstrated that HDAC1 and 2 occupancy was highly correlated throughout the GATA2 locus and that HDAC1/2 inhibition led to elevated histone acetylation at well-known GATA2 autoregulatory regions. The GATA2 protein itself also showed increased binding at these regions in response to ACY-957 treatment. These data show that chemical inhibition of HDAC1/2 induces HBG and suggest that this effect is mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation-induced activation of the GATA2 gene.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew and also give rise to the entire repertoire of hematopoietic cells. During acute infectious and inflammatory stresses, the hematopoietic system can quickly adapt to demand by increasing output of innate immune cells many-fold, often at the expense of lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis. We review recent advances in understanding the regulation of stress-induced hematopoiesis with a specific focus on the direct effects of inflammatory signaling on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted several areas of exciting new developments in the field, including the complex interaction and crosstalk within HSPCs and between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells needed to achieve regulated myelopoiesis, identification of increased number of inflammatory and infectious molecules with direct effects on HSPCs, the critical role of inflammatory signaling on embryonic specification of hematopoietic stem cells, and the ability of cytokines to instruct lineage choice at the HSPC level. SUMMARY These exciting new findings will shape our fundamental understanding of how inflammatory signaling regulates hematopoiesis in health and disease, and facilitate the development of potential interventions to treat hematologic diseases associated with altered inflammatory signaling.
Collapse
|
32
|
An Overview on Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Based Alternative In Vitro Models for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3216-3226. [PMID: 26041658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is found highly vulnerable towards the exposure of different environmental chemicals/drugs, even at concentrations, those are generally considered safe in mature brain. The brain development is a very complex phenomenon which involves several processes running in parallel such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synaptogenesis. If any step of these cellular processes hampered due to exposure of any xenobiotic/drug, there is almost no chance of recovery which could finally result in a life-long disability. Therefore, the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment of newly discovered drugs/molecules is a very serious concern among the neurologists. Animal-based DNT models have their own limitations such as ethical concerns and lower sensitivity with less predictive values in humans. Furthermore, non-availability of human foetal brain tissues/cells makes job more difficult to understand about mechanisms involve in DNT in human beings. Although, the use of cell culture have been proven as a powerful tool for DNT assessment, but many in vitro models are currently utilizing genetically unstable cell lines. The interpretation of data generated using such terminally differentiated cells is hard to extrapolate with in vivo situations. However, human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) have been proposed as an excellent tool for alternative DNT testing because neuronal development from undifferentiated state could exactly mimic the original pattern of neuronal development in foetus when hUCBSCs differentiated into neuronal cells. Additionally, less ethical concern, easy availability and high plasticity make them an attractive source for establishing in vitro model of DNT assessment. In this review, we are focusing towards recent advancements on hUCBSCs-based in vitro model to understand DNTs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ortmann CA, Kent DG, Nangalia J, Silber Y, Wedge DC, Grinfeld J, Baxter EJ, Massie CE, Papaemmanuil E, Menon S, Godfrey AL, Dimitropoulou D, Guglielmelli P, Bellosillo B, Besses C, Döhner K, Harrison CN, Vassiliou GS, Vannucchi A, Campbell PJ, Green AR. Effect of mutation order on myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:601-612. [PMID: 25671252 PMCID: PMC4660033 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1412098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers result from the accumulation of somatic mutations, and their properties are thought to reflect the sum of these mutations. However, little is known about the effect of the order in which mutations are acquired. METHODS We determined mutation order in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms by genotyping hematopoietic colonies or by means of next-generation sequencing. Stem cells and progenitor cells were isolated to study the effect of mutation order on mature and immature hematopoietic cells. RESULTS The age at which a patient presented with a myeloproliferative neoplasm, acquisition of JAK2 V617F homozygosity, and the balance of immature progenitors were all influenced by mutation order. As compared with patients in whom the TET2 mutation was acquired first (hereafter referred to as "TET2-first patients"), patients in whom the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation was acquired first ("JAK2-first patients") had a greater likelihood of presenting with polycythemia vera than with essential thrombocythemia, an increased risk of thrombosis, and an increased sensitivity of JAK2-mutant progenitors to ruxolitinib in vitro. Mutation order influenced the proliferative response to JAK2 V617F and the capacity of double-mutant hematopoietic cells and progenitor cells to generate colony-forming cells. Moreover, the hematopoietic stem-and-progenitor-cell compartment was dominated by TET2 single-mutant cells in TET2-first patients but by JAK2-TET2 double-mutant cells in JAK2-first patients. Prior mutation of TET2 altered the transcriptional consequences of JAK2 V617F in a cell-intrinsic manner and prevented JAK2 V617F from up-regulating genes associated with proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The order in which JAK2 and TET2 mutations were acquired influenced clinical features, the response to targeted therapy, the biology of stem and progenitor cells, and clonal evolution in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. (Funded by Leukemia and Lymphoma Research and others.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Yvonne Silber
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - David C Wedge
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Charles E Massie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Suraj Menon
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Anna L Godfrey
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Danai Dimitropoulou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Carles Besses
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Claire N Harrison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Alessandro Vannucchi
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qiao W, Wang W, Laurenti E, Turinsky AL, Wodak SJ, Bader GD, Dick JE, Zandstra PW. Intercellular network structure and regulatory motifs in the human hematopoietic system. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:741. [PMID: 25028490 PMCID: PMC4299490 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is a distributed tissue that consists of functionally distinct cell types continuously produced through hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. Combining genomic and phenotypic data with high-content experiments, we have built a directional cell-cell communication network between 12 cell types isolated from human umbilical cord blood. Network structure analysis revealed that ligand production is cell type dependent, whereas ligand binding is promiscuous. Consequently, additional control strategies such as cell frequency modulation and compartmentalization were needed to achieve specificity in HSC fate regulation. Incorporating the in vitro effects (quiescence, self-renewal, proliferation, or differentiation) of 27 HSC binding ligands into the topology of the cell-cell communication network allowed coding of cell type-dependent feedback regulation of HSC fate. Pathway enrichment analysis identified intracellular regulatory motifs enriched in these cell type- and ligand-coupled responses. This study uncovers cellular mechanisms of hematopoietic cell feedback in HSC fate regulation, provides insight into the design principles of the human hematopoietic system, and serves as a foundation for the analysis of intercellular regulation in multicellular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weijia Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shoshana J Wodak
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cell populations: implications for transplantation. Curr Opin Hematol 2013; 20:257-64. [PMID: 23615054 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e328360aaf6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transplantation of hematopoietic cells is now a well established clinical procedure, although optimal outcomes are not always obtained. This reflects insufficient knowledge of the different subsets of primitive cells required to achieve a rapid and permanent recovery of mature blood cell production. Here we review recent findings that extend our understanding of these cells and their regulation, and implications for the ex-vivo expansion of these cells. RECENT FINDINGS Separate subsets of platelet and neutrophil lineage-restricted human hematopoietic cells with rapid but transient repopulating activities have been identified, thus adding to previous evidence of short-term repopulating cells that generate both of these lineages. New studies also suggest intrinsically determined heterogeneity in differentiation potentialities that are sustained at the stem cell level, and have revealed new ways their self-renewal can be influenced. SUMMARY Hematopoietic repopulation posttransplant is highly complex both in terms of the differing numbers and types of cells required for optimal hematopoietic recoveries and the factors that will determine the composition and behavior of a given inoculum. Successful ex-vivo expansion protocols will, thus, need to incorporate conditions that will produce adequate numbers of all cell types required with retention of their full functionality.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ito R, Takahashi T, Katano I, Kawai K, Kamisako T, Ogura T, Ida-Tanaka M, Suemizu H, Nunomura S, Ra C, Mori A, Aiso S, Ito M. Establishment of a human allergy model using human IL-3/GM-CSF-transgenic NOG mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2890-9. [PMID: 23956433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of animal models that mimic human allergic responses is crucial to study the pathophysiology of disease and to generate new therapeutic methodologies. Humanized mice reconstituted with human immune systems are essential to study human immune reactions in vivo and are expected to be useful for studying human allergies. However, application of this technology to the study of human allergies has been limited, largely because of the poor development of human myeloid cells, especially granulocytes and mast cells, which are responsible for mediating allergic diseases, in conventional humanized mice. In this study, we developed a novel transgenic (Tg) strain, NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγ(null) (NOG), bearing human IL-3 and GM-CSF genes (NOG IL-3/GM-Tg). In this strain, a large number of human myeloid cells of various lineages developed after transplantation of human CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem cells. Notably, mature basophils and mast cells expressing FcεRI were markedly increased. These humanized NOG IL-3/GM-Tg mice developed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions when administered anti-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl IgE Abs and 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl. More importantly, a combination of serum from Japanese cedar pollinosis patients and cedar pollen extract also elicited strong passive cutaneous anaphylaxis responses in mice. Thus, to our knowledge, our NOG IL-3/GM-Tg mice are the first humanized mouse model to enable the study of human allergic responses in vivo and are excellent tools for preclinical studies of allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Emmrich S, Henke K, Hegermann J, Ochs M, Reinhardt D, Klusmann JH. miRNAs can increase the efficiency of ex vivo platelet generation. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:1673-84. [PMID: 22763947 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The process of megakaryopoiesis culminates in the release of platelets, the pivotal cellular component for hemostasis and wound healing. The regulatory architecture including the modulatory role of microRNAs, which underlies megakaryocytic maturation and platelet formation, is incompletely understood, precluding the ex vivo generation of sufficient platelet numbers for transfusion medicine. We derived a highly efficient differentiation protocol to produce mature polyploid megakaryocytes and functional platelets from CD34⁺-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by comparing previously published approaches. Our megakaryocytic culture conditions using the cytokines SCF, TPO, IL-9, and IL-6 include nicotinamide and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 as contextual additives. The potency of our novel megakaryocytic differentiation protocol was validated using cord blood and peripheral blood human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Using this novel megakaryocytic differentiation protocol, we characterized the modulatory capacity of several miRNAs highly expressed in normal megakaryocytic cells or malignant blasts from patients with megakaryoblastic leukemia. Overexpression of candidate microRNAs was achieved by lentiviral transduction of CD34⁺-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells prior to differentiation. We revealed miR-125b and miR-660 as enhancers of polyploidization, as well as platelet output of megakaryocytes. The oncogene miR-125b markedly expanded the number of megakaryocytes during in vitro culture. Conversely, the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster, which is highly expressed in normal megakaryocytes, blocked maturation and platelet formation. Our study on the utilization of microRNAs in conjunction with a highly efficient differentiation protocol constitutes another step towards ex vivo platelet manufacturing on a clinically relevant scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu P, Gul-Uludag H, Ang WT, Yang X, Huang M, Marquez-Curtis L, McGann L, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Xing J, Swanson E, Chen J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-mediated stimulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell viability, proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1965-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
39
|
Sun H, Tsai Y, Nowak I, Liesveld J, Chen Y. Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, enhances human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem/primitive progenitor cell expansion and promotes multi-lineage hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Res 2012; 9:77-86. [PMID: 22683680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy, but it is challenged by scarcity of stem cells. Eltrombopag is a non-peptide, thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist, which selectively activates c-Mpl in humans and chimpanzees. We investigated eltrombopag's effects on human UCB hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) expansion, and its effects on hematopoiesis in vivo. Eltrombopag selectively augmented the expansion of human CD45+, CD34+, and CD41+ cells in bone marrow compartment without effects on mouse bone marrow cells in the NOD/SCID mice xenotransplant model. Consequently, eltrombopag increased peripheral human platelets and white blood cells. We further examined effects in the STAT and AKT signaling pathways in serum-free cultures. Eltrombopag expanded human CD34+ CD38-, CD34+, and CD41+ cells. Both eltrombopag and recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) induced phosphorylation of STAT5 of CD34+ CD41-, CD34- CD41+, and CD34- CD41- cells. rhTPO preferentially induced pSTAT3, pAKT, and more pSTAT5 in CD34- C41+ cells, while eltrombopag had no effects on pSTAT3. In conclusion, eltrombopag enhanced expansion of HSCs/HPCs of human UCB in vivo and in vitro, and promoted multi-lineage hematopoiesis through the expansion of bone marrow HSCs/HPCs of human UCB in vivo. Eltrombopag differed somewhat from rhTPO in the signal transduction pathways by favoring earlier HSC/HPC populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 647, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Current approaches aiming to cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) have made a negligible number of patients insulin-independent. In this review, we revisit the role of stem cell (SC)-based applications in curing T1D. The optimal therapeutic approach for T1D should ideally preserve the remaining β-cells, restore β-cell function, and protect the replaced insulin-producing cells from autoimmunity. SCs possess immunological and regenerative properties that could be harnessed to improve the treatment of T1D; indeed, SCs may reestablish peripheral tolerance toward β-cells through reshaping of the immune response and inhibition of autoreactive T-cell function. Furthermore, SC-derived insulin-producing cells are capable of engrafting and reversing hyperglycemia in mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal SCs display a hypoimmunogenic phenotype as well as a broad range of immunomodulatory capabilities, they have been shown to cure newly diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, and they are currently undergoing evaluation in two clinical trials. Cord blood SCs have been shown to facilitate the generation of regulatory T cells, thereby reverting hyperglycemia in NOD mice. T1D patients treated with cord blood SCs also did not show any adverse reaction in the absence of major effects on glycometabolic control. Although hematopoietic SCs rarely revert hyperglycemia in NOD mice, they exhibit profound immunomodulatory properties in humans; newly hyperglycemic T1D patients have been successfully reverted to normoglycemia with autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic SC transplantation. Finally, embryonic SCs also offer exciting prospects because they are able to generate glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells. Easy enthusiasm should be mitigated mainly because of the potential oncogenicity of SCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tarasova A, Haylock D, Winkler D. Principal signalling complexes in haematopoiesis: Structural aspects and mimetic discovery. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:231-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Pineault N, Cortin V, Boyer L, Garnier A, Robert A, Thérien C, Roy DC. Individual and synergistic cytokine effects controlling the expansion of cord blood CD34(+) cells and megakaryocyte progenitors in culture. Cytotherapy 2010; 13:467-80. [PMID: 21090916 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.530651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Expansion of hematopoietic progenitors ex vivo is currently investigated as a means of reducing cytopenia following stem cell transplantation. The principal objective of this study was to develop a new cytokine cocktail that would maximize the expansion of megakaryocyte (Mk) progenitors that could be used to reduce periods of thrombocytopenia. METHODS We measured the individual and synergistic effects of six cytokines [stem cell factor (SCF), FLT-3 ligand (FL), interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-9 and IL-11] commonly used to expand cord blood (CB) CD34(+) cells on the expansion of CB Mk progenitors and major myeloid populations by factorial design. RESULTS These results revealed an elaborate array of cytokine individual effects complemented by a large number of synergistic and antagonistic interaction effects. Notably, strong interactions with SCF were observed with most cytokines and its concentration level was the most influential factor for the expansion and differentiation kinetics of CB CD34(+) cells. A response surface methodology was then applied to optimize the concentrations of the selected cytokines. The newly developed cocktail composed of SCF, thrombopoietin (TPO) and FL increased the expansion of Mk progenitors and maintained efficient expansion of clonogenic progenitors and CD34(+) cells. CB cells expanded with the new cocktail were shown to provide good short- and long-term human platelet recovery and lymphomyeloid reconstitution in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results define a complex cytokine network that regulates the growth and differentiation of immature and committed hematopoietic cells in culture, and confirm that cytokine interactions have major influences on the fate of hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pineault
- Héma-Québec, Département de Recherche et Développement, Québec City, PQ, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tacke M, Ball CR, Schmidt M, Klingenberg S, Maurer B, Fessler S, Eaves CJ, von Kalle C, Glimm H. The inherent differentiation program of short-term hematopoietic repopulating cells changes during human ontogeny. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:621-8. [PMID: 19788397 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (CB) could be an attractive source of hematopoietic repopulating cells for clinical stem cell therapy because of its accessibility and low propensity for unwanted immune reaction against the host. However, CB recipients suffer from severely delayed and often chronically deficient platelet recovery of unknown cause. Here we show that human short-term repopulating cells (STRCs), which predominantly carry early hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, display an intrinsically fixed differentiation program in vivo that changes during ontogeny. Compared to adult sources of hematopoietic cells, CB myeloidrestricted STRC-M showed a markedly reduced megakaryocytic and erythroid cell output in the quantitative xenotransplantation of human short-term hematopoiesis in NOD/SCID-beta2m(-/-) mice. This output in vivo was not altered by pre-treating CB cells before transplantation with growth factors that effectively stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. Moreover, injecting mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor did not affect the differentiation of human STRC. These findings demonstrate that the differentiation capacity of human STRCs is developmentally regulated by mechanisms inaccessible to currently available hematopoietic growth factors, and explain why thrombopoiesis is deficient in clinical CB transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Tacke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shima H, Takubo K, Tago N, Iwasaki H, Arai F, Takahashi T, Suda T. Acquisition of G₀ state by CD34-positive cord blood cells after bone marrow transplantation. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:1231-40. [PMID: 20800645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hematopoietic stem cells are kept in a quiescent state in the hypoxic area of the bone marrow, which is essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. However, when and how hematopoietic stem cells acquire their hypoxic state and maintain quiescence has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to understand this process in human hematopoietic stem cells after bone marrow transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CD34-positive cord blood cells were transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient interleukin-2 receptor γ chain knockout mice. Cell cycle and hypoxia assay analyses were performed, to identify changes in the characteristics of human hematopoietic stem cells following transplantation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to analyze the transcriptional changes accompanying this transition. RESULTS Engrafted primitive lineage-negative CD34-positive CD38-negative cells acquired hypoxic state and quiescence in the recipient bone marrow between 4 and 8 weeks, and between 8 and 12 weeks after transplantation, respectively. During 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, changes in the transcription levels of G₀ regulatory factors, such as CCNC and RBL1, and stem cell regulators, such as Flt3, were also seen, which may be related to the characteristic changes in the cell cycle or oxygenation state. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral changes of hematopoietic stem cells in their cell cycle and oxygenation state during and after bone marrow engraftment may provide insights into hematopoietic stem cell regulation, mediating the improvement of clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation protocols and the eradication of leukemia stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Shima
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Audet J. Adventures in time and space: Nonlinearity and complexity of cytokine effects on stem cell fate decisions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:173-82. [PMID: 20198618 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are central factors in the control of stem cell fate decisions and, as such, they are invaluable to those interested in the manipulation of stem and progenitor cells for clinical or research purposes. In their in vivo niches or in optimized cultures, stem cells are exposed to multiple cytokines, matrix proteins and other cell types that provide individual and combinatorial signals that influence their self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Although the individual effects of cytokines are well-characterized in terms of increases or decreases in stem cell expansion or in the production of specific cell lineages, their interactions are often overlooked. Factorial design experiments in association with multiple linear regression is a powerful multivariate approach to derive response-surface models and to obtain a quantitative understanding of cytokine dose and interactions effects. On the other hand, cytokine interactions detected in stem cell processes can be difficult to interpret due to the fact that the cell populations examined are often heterogeneous, that cytokines can exhibit pleiotropy and redundancy and that they can also be endogenously produced. This perspective piece presents a list of possible biological mechanisms that can give rise to positive and negative two-way factor interactions in the context of in vivo and in vitro stem cell-based processes. These interpretations are based on insights provided by recent studies examining intra- and extra-cellular signaling pathways in adult and embryonic stem cells. Cytokine interactions have been classified according to four main types of molecular and cellular mechanisms: (i) interactions due to co-signaling; (ii) interactions due to sequential actions; (iii) interactions due to high-dose saturation and inhibition; and (iv) interactions due to intercellular signaling networks. For each mechanism, possible patterns of regression coefficients corresponding to the cytokine main effects, quadratic effects and two-way interactions effects are provided. Finally, directions for future mechanistic studies are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Audet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, RS 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aggarwal R, Pompili VJ, Das H. Genetic modification of ex-vivo expanded stem cells for clinical application. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2010; 15:854-71. [PMID: 20515730 PMCID: PMC9930440 DOI: 10.2741/3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is currently considered as an important regime for repairing, replacing or enhancing the biological functions of the damaged tissues. Among adult stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are commonly used for cure of hematological disorders. However, the number of HSCs obtained from sources like bone marrow, peripheral or umbilical cord blood is not sufficient for routine clinical application. Thus, ex-vivo expansion of HSCs becomes critically important. Ex-vivo culture and expansion of stem cells are challenging, as stem cells differentiate in culture rather than self-renew. Lack of clarity about the factors responsible for quiescence and differentiation of HSCs, investigators struggled to optimize conditions for ex vivo expansion. As we understand better, various strategies can be incorporated to mimic in vivo conditions for successful expansion of stem cells. However, characterization and biological functionality should also be tested for expanded stem cells prior to clinical application. To treat ischemia by enhancing therapeutic angiogenesis and neo-vascularization, the role of genetic modification of HSCs with pro-angiogenic factors is the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zelig U, Dror Z, Iskovich S, Zwielly A, Ben-Harush M, Nathan I, Mordechai S, Kapelushnik J. Biochemical analysis and quantification of hematopoietic stem cells by infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:037008. [PMID: 20615037 DOI: 10.1117/1.3442728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Identification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in different stages of maturation is one of the major issues in stem cell research and bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Each stage of maturation of HSCs is characterized by a series of distinct glycoproteins present on the cell plasma membrane surface, named a cluster of differentiation (CD). Currently, complicated and expensive procedures based on CD expression are needed for identification and isolation of HSCs. This method is under dispute, since the correct markers' composition is not strictly clear, thus there is need for a better method for stem cell characterization. In the present study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed as a novel optical method for identification and characterization of HSCs based on their entire biochemical features. FTIR spectral analysis of isolated mice HSCs reveals several spectral markers related to lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which distinguish HSCs from BM cells. The unique "open" conformation of HSC DNA as identified by FTIR is exploited for HSCs quantification in the BM. The proposed method of FTIR spectroscopy for HSC identification and quantification can contribute to stem cell research and BM transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udi Zelig
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Koestenbauer S, Zisch A, Dohr G, Zech NH. Protocols for hematopoietic stem cell expansion from umbilical cord blood. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:1059-68. [PMID: 19523346 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x471288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstitution of adult stem cells may be a promising source for the regeneration of damaged tissues and for the reconstitution of organ dysfunction. However, there are two major limitations to the use of such cells: they are rare, and only a few types exist that can easily be isolated without harming the patient. The best studied and most widely used stem cells are of the hematopoietic lineage. Pioneering work on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation was done in the early 1970s by ED. Thomas and colleagues. Since then HSCs have been used in allogenic and autologous transplantation settings to reconstitute blood formation after high-dose chemotherapy for various blood disorders. The cells can be easily harvested from donors, but the cell number is limited, especially when the HSCs originate from umbilical cord blood (UCB). It would be desirable to set up an ex vivo strategy to expand HSCs in order to overcome the cell dose limit, whereby the expansion would favor cell proliferation over cell differentiation. This review provides an overview of the various existing HSC expansion strategies-focusing particularly on stem cells derived from UCB-of the parameters that might affect the outcome, and of the difficulties that may occur when trying to expand such cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Koestenbauer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Biocompatibility Study of Hemoglobin Vesicles, Cellular-Type Artificial Oxygen Carriers, with Human Umbilical Cord Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Using an In Vitro Expansion System. ASAIO J 2009; 55:200-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e318198e550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
50
|
Ide K, Goto-Koshino Y, Momoi Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Quantitative analysis of mRNA transcripts of Hox, SHH, PTCH, Wnt, and Fzd genes in canine hematopoietic progenitor cells and various in vitro colonies differentiated from the cells. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:69-77. [PMID: 19194078 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (Hox), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), and Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) are known to modulate the self-renewal and expansion of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells in humans and mice. Frizzled (Fzd) and Patched1 (PTCH1) represent the receptors of Wnt and SHH, respectively. In this study, the amounts of mRNA transcripts of the genes associated with the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, HoxB3, HoxB4, HoxA10, Wnt5a, Wnt2b, Fzd1, Fzd6, SHH, and PTCH1, were measured in canine unfractionated bone marrow cells, CD34-enriched cells, and various colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C). Partial cDNA sequences of these 9 canine genes were determined in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to indicate their relative amounts of mRNA transcripts. Amounts of mRNA transcripts of HoxB3, HoxA10, PTCH1, and Wnt5a genes in canine CD34-enriched cell fraction were significantly larger than those in the CD34-depleted cell fraction. Amounts of mRNA transcripts of HoxB3, HoxA10, PTCH1, Wnt5a, and Wnt2b genes in various CFU-C cells were significantly smaller than those in the seeded CD34-enriched cell fraction. These results suggested important roles of the products of these genes in self-renewal, expansion, and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells in dogs as shown in humans and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ide
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|