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Heim TA, Schultz AC, Delclaux I, Cristaldi V, Churchill MJ, Ventre KS, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessel transit seeds cytotoxic resident memory T cells in skin draining lymph nodes. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk8141. [PMID: 38848340 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport shapes the homeostatic immune repertoire of lymph nodes (LNs). LN-resident memory T cells (TRMs) play an important role in site-specific immune memory, yet how LN TRMs form de novo after viral infection remains unclear. Here, we tracked the anatomical distribution of antiviral CD8+ T cells as they seeded skin and LN TRMs using a model of vaccinia virus-induced skin infection. LN TRMs localized to the draining LNs (dLNs) of infected skin, and their formation depended on the lymphatic egress of effector CD8+ T cells from the skin, already poised for residence. Effector CD8+ T cell transit through skin was required to populate LN TRMs in dLNs, a process reinforced by antigen encounter in skin. Furthermore, LN TRMs were protective against viral rechallenge in the absence of circulating memory T cells. These data suggest that a subset of tissue-infiltrating CD8+ T cells egress from tissues during viral clearance and establish a layer of regional protection in the dLN basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin C Schultz
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Delclaux
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Cristaldi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeline J Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine S Ventre
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Karakousi T, Mudianto T, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessels in the age of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:363-381. [PMID: 38605228 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport maintains homeostatic health and is necessary for immune surveillance, and yet lymphatic growth is often associated with solid tumour development and dissemination. Although tumour-associated lymphatic remodelling and growth were initially presumed to simply expand a passive route for regional metastasis, emerging research puts lymphatic vessels and their active transport at the interface of metastasis, tumour-associated inflammation and systemic immune surveillance. Here, we discuss active mechanisms through which lymphatic vessels shape their transport function to influence peripheral tissue immunity and the current understanding of how tumour-associated lymphatic vessels may both augment and disrupt antitumour immune surveillance. We end by looking forward to emerging areas of interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy in which lymphatic vessels and their transport function are likely key players: the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, immune surveillance in the central nervous system, the microbiome, obesity and ageing. The lessons learnt support a working framework that defines the lymphatic system as a key determinant of both local and systemic inflammatory networks and thereby a crucial player in the response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Karakousi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Pei L, Hickman HD. T Cell Surveillance during Cutaneous Viral Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:679. [PMID: 38793562 PMCID: PMC11126121 DOI: 10.3390/v16050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex tissue that provides a strong physical barrier against invading pathogens. Despite this, many viruses can access the skin and successfully replicate in either the epidermal keratinocytes or dermal immune cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the antiviral T cell biology responding to cutaneous viral infections and how these responses differ depending on the cellular targets of infection. Much of our mechanistic understanding of T cell surveillance of cutaneous infection has been gained from murine models of poxvirus and herpesvirus infection. However, we also discuss other viral infections, including flaviviruses and papillomaviruses, in which the cutaneous T cell response has been less extensively studied. In addition to the mechanisms of successful T cell control of cutaneous viral infection, we highlight knowledge gaps and future directions with possible impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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4
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McCright J, Yarmovsky J, Maisel K. Para- and Transcellular Transport Kinetics of Nanoparticles across Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1160-1169. [PMID: 37851841 PMCID: PMC10923144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have received significant attention as drug delivery targets, as they shuttle materials from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes, where adaptive immunity is formed. Delivery of immune modulatory materials to the lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels has been shown to enhance their efficacy and also improve the bioavailability of drugs when delivered to intestinal lymphatic vessels. In this study, we generated a three-compartment model of a lymphatic vessel with a set of kinematic differential equations to describe the transport of nanoparticles from the surrounding tissues into lymphatic vessels. We used previously published data and collected additional experimental parameters, including the transport efficiency of nanoparticles over time, and also examined how nanoparticle formulation affected the cellular transport mechanisms using small molecule inhibitors. These experimental data were incorporated into a system of kinematic differential equations, and nonlinear, least-squares curve fitting algorithms were employed to extrapolate transport coefficients within our model. The subsequent computational framework produced some of the first parameters to describe transport kinetics across lymphatic endothelial cells and allowed for the quantitative analysis of the driving mechanisms of transport into lymphatic vessels. Our model indicates that transcellular mechanisms, such as micro- and macropinocytosis, drive transport into lymphatics. This information is crucial to further design strategies that will modulate lymphatic transport for drug delivery, particularly in diseases like lymphedema, where normal lymphatic functions are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McCright
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jenny Yarmovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Itai N, Gantumur E, Tsujita-Inoue K, Mitsukawa N, Akita S, Kajiya K. Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Zippering in Skin Associated with the Progression of Lymphedema. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:659-668.e7. [PMID: 37660779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema often develops after lymph node dissection or radiation therapy for cancer treatment, resulting in marked skin fibrosis and increased stiffness owing to insufficiency of the lymphatic system caused by abnormal structure and compromised function. However, little is known about the associated changes of the dermal lymphatic vessels. In this study, using the lower limb skin samples of patients with secondary lymphedema, classified as types 1-4 by lymphoscintigraphy, we first confirmed the presence of epidermal thickening and collagen accumulation in the dermis, closely associated with the progression of lymphedema. Three-dimensional characterization of lymphatic capillaries in skin revealed prominent lymphangiogenesis in types 1 and 2 lymphedema. In contrast, increased recruitment of smooth muscle cells accompanied by development of the basement membrane in lymphatic capillaries was observed in types 3 and 4 lymphedema. Remarkably, the junctions of dermal lymphatic capillaries were dramatically remodeled from a discontinuous button-like structure to a continuous zipper-like structure. This finding is consistent with previous findings in an infection-induced mouse model. Such junction tightening (zippering) could reduce fluid transport and cutaneous viral sequestration during the progression of lymphedema and might explain the aggravation of secondary lymphedema. These findings may be helpful in developing stage-dependent treatment of patients with lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Itai
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kajiya
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan.
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6
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Hosono K, Yamashita A, Tanabe M, Ito Y, Majima M, Tsujikawa K, Amano H. Deletion of RAMP1 Signaling Enhances Diet-induced Obesity and Fat Absorption via Intestinal Lacteals in Mice. In Vivo 2024; 38:160-173. [PMID: 38148085 PMCID: PMC10756442 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Intestinal lymphatic vessels (lacteals) play a critical role in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids into the circulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) are involved in lymphatic vessel growth. This study aimed to examine the role of RAMP1 signaling in lacteal morphology and function in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS RAMP1 deficient (RAMP1-/-) or wild-type (WT) mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 8 weeks. RESULTS RAMP1-/- mice fed a HFD had increased body weights compared to WT mice fed a HFD, which was associated with high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. HFD-fed RAMP1-/- mice had shorter and wider lacteals than HFD-fed WT mice. HFD-fed RAMP1-/- mice had lower levels of lymphatic endothelial cell gene markers including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and lymphatic vascular growth factor VEGF-C than HFD-fed WT mice. The concentration of an absorbed lipid tracer in HFD-fed RAMP1-/- mice was higher than that in HFD-fed WT mice. The zipper-like continuous junctions were predominant in HFD-fed WT mice, while the button-like discontinuous junctions were predominant in HFD-fed RAMP1-/- mice. CONCLUSION Deletion of RAMP1 signaling suppressed lacteal growth and VEGF-C/VEGFR3 expression but accelerated the uptake and transport of dietary fats through discontinuous junctions of lacteals, leading to excessive obesity. Specific activation of RAMP1 signaling may represent a target for the therapeutic management of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mina Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan;
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Kraus S, Lee E. A human initial lymphatic chip reveals distinct mechanisms of primary lymphatic valve dysfunction in acute and chronic inflammation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5180-5194. [PMID: 37981867 PMCID: PMC10908576 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00486d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid uptake and retention by lymphatic vessels (LVs) play a role in maintaining interstitial fluid homeostasis. While it is well-established that intraluminal lymphatic valves in the collecting LVs prevent fluid backflow (secondary lymphatic valves), a separate valve system in the initial LVs that only permits interstitial fluid influx into the LVs, preventing fluid leakage back to the interstitium (primary lymphatic valves), remains incompletely understood. Although lymphatic dysfunction is commonly observed in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, how the primary lymphatic valves are affected by acute and chronic inflammation has scarcely been explored and even less so using in vitro lymphatic models. Here, we developed a human initial lymphatic vessel chip where interstitial fluid pressure and luminal fluid pressure are controlled to examine primary lymph valve function. In normal conditions, lymphatic drainage (fluid uptake) and permeability (fluid leakage) in engineered LVs were maintained high and low, respectively, which was consistent with our understanding of healthy primary lymph valves. Next, we examined the effects of acute and chronic inflammation. Under the acute inflammation condition with a TNF-α treatment (2 hours), degradation of fibrillin and impeded lymphatic drainage were observed, which were reversed by treatment with anti-inflammatory dexamethasone. Surprisingly, the chronic inflammation condition (repeated TNF-α treatments during 48 hours) deposited fibrillin to compensate for the fibrillin loss, showing no change in lymphatic drainage. Instead, the chronic inflammation condition led to cell death and disruption of lymphatic endothelial cell-cell junctions, increasing lymphatic permeability and fluid leakage. Our human lymphatic model shows two distinct mechanisms by which primary lymphatic valve dysfunction occurs in acute and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kraus
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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8
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Heim TA, Schultz AC, Delclaux I, Cristaldi V, Churchill MJ, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessel transit seeds precursors to cytotoxic resident memory T cells in skin draining lymph nodes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555369. [PMID: 37693469 PMCID: PMC10491166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) provide rapid, localized protection in peripheral tissues to pathogens and cancer. While TRM are also found in lymph nodes (LN), how they develop during primary infection and their functional significance remains largely unknown. Here, we track the anatomical distribution of anti-viral CD8+ T cells as they simultaneously seed skin and LN TRM using a model of skin infection with restricted antigen distribution. We find exquisite localization of LN TRM to the draining LN of infected skin. LN TRM formation depends on lymphatic transport and specifically egress of effector CD8+ T cells that appear poised for residence as early as 12 days post infection. Effector CD8+ T cell transit through skin is necessary and sufficient to populate LN TRM in draining LNs, a process reinforced by antigen encounter in skin. Importantly, we demonstrate that LN TRM are sufficient to provide protection against pathogenic rechallenge. These data support a model whereby a subset of tissue infiltrating CD8+ T cells egress during viral clearance, and establish regional protection in the draining lymphatic basin as a mechanism to prevent pathogen spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin C. Schultz
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Delclaux
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Cristaldi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeline J. Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Zarkada G, Chen X, Zhou X, Lange M, Zeng L, Lv W, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou W, Liu K, Chen D, Ricard N, Liao JK, Kim YB, Benedito R, Claesson-Welsh L, Alitalo K, Simons M, Ju R, Li X, Eichmann A, Zhang F. Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption. Circ Res 2023; 133:333-349. [PMID: 37462027 PMCID: PMC10530007 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels are responsible for tissue drainage, and their malfunction is associated with chronic diseases. Lymph uptake occurs via specialized open cell-cell junctions between capillary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas closed junctions in collecting LECs prevent lymph leakage. LEC junctions are known to dynamically remodel in development and disease, but how lymphatic permeability is regulated remains poorly understood. METHODS We used various genetically engineered mouse models in combination with cellular, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches to elucidate the signaling pathways regulating junction morphology and function in lymphatic capillaries. RESULTS By studying the permeability of intestinal lacteal capillaries to lipoprotein particles known as chylomicrons, we show that ROCK (Rho-associated kinase)-dependent cytoskeletal contractility is a fundamental mechanism of LEC permeability regulation. We show that chylomicron-derived lipids trigger neonatal lacteal junction opening via ROCK-dependent contraction of junction-anchored stress fibers. LEC-specific ROCK deletion abolished junction opening and plasma lipid uptake. Chylomicrons additionally inhibited VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A signaling. We show that VEGF-A antagonizes LEC junction opening via VEGFR (VEGF receptor) 2 and VEGFR3-dependent PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) activation of the small GTPase RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1), thereby restricting RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK-mediated cytoskeleton contraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that antagonistic inputs into ROCK-dependent cytoskeleton contractions regulate the interconversion of lymphatic junctions in the intestine and in other tissues, providing a tunable mechanism to control the lymphatic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuetong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Martin Lange
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - James K. Liao
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Simons
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
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10
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Jannaway M, Iyer D, Mastrogiacomo DM, Li K, Sung DC, Yang Y, Kahn ML, Scallan JP. VEGFR3 is required for button junction formation in lymphatic vessels. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112777. [PMID: 37454290 PMCID: PMC10503778 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic capillaries develop discontinuous cell-cell junctions that permit the absorption of large macromolecules, chylomicrons, and fluid from the interstitium. While excessive vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling can remodel and seal these junctions, whether and how VEGFR3 can alter lymphatic junctions remains incompletely understood. Here, we use lymphatic-specific Flt4 knockout mice to investigate VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic junctions. We show that loss of Flt4 prevents specialized button junction formation in multiple tissues and impairs interstitial absorption. Knockdown of FLT4 in human lymphatic endothelial cells results in impaired NOTCH1 expression and activation, and overexpression of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain in Flt4 knockout vessels rescues the formation of button junctions and absorption of interstitial molecules. Together, our data reveal a requirement for VEGFR3 and NOTCH1 signaling in the development of button junctions during postnatal development and may hold clinical relevance to lymphatic diseases with impaired VEGFR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Drishya Iyer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Diandra M Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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11
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Rustenhoven J, Pavlou G, Storck SE, Dykstra T, Du S, Wan Z, Quintero D, Scallan JP, Smirnov I, Kamm RD, Kipnis J. Age-related alterations in meningeal immunity drive impaired CNS lymphatic drainage. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221929. [PMID: 37027179 PMCID: PMC10083715 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The meningeal lymphatic network enables the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates the removal of central nervous system (CNS) waste. During aging and in Alzheimer's disease, impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes the buildup of toxic misfolded proteins in the CNS. Reversing this age-related dysfunction represents a promising strategy to augment CNS waste clearance; however, the mechanisms underlying this decline remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that age-related alterations in meningeal immunity underlie this lymphatic impairment. Single-cell RNA sequencing of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells from aged mice revealed their response to IFNγ, which was increased in the aged meninges due to T cell accumulation. Chronic elevation of meningeal IFNγ in young mice via AAV-mediated overexpression attenuated CSF drainage-comparable to the deficits observed in aged mice. Therapeutically, IFNγ neutralization alleviated age-related impairments in meningeal lymphatic function. These data suggest manipulation of meningeal immunity as a viable approach to normalize CSF drainage and alleviate the neurological deficits associated with impaired waste removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rustenhoven
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steffen E. Storck
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Quintero
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Maisel K, McClain CA, Bogseth A, Thomas SN. Nanotechnologies for Physiology-Informed Drug Delivery to the Lymphatic System. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:233-256. [PMID: 37000965 PMCID: PMC10879987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-034906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the increasing translational impact of immunotherapeutic strategies to treat and prevent disease has been a broadening interest across both bioscience and bioengineering in the lymphatic system. Herein, the lymphatic system physiology, ranging from its tissue structures to immune functions and effects, is described. Design principles and engineering approaches to analyze and manipulate this tissue system in nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Claire A McClain
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Amanda Bogseth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Steele MM, Jaiswal A, Delclaux I, Dryg ID, Murugan D, Femel J, Son S, du Bois H, Hill C, Leachman SA, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Anandasabapathy N, Lund AW. T cell egress via lymphatic vessels is tuned by antigen encounter and limits tumor control. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:664-675. [PMID: 36849745 PMCID: PMC10998279 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell accumulation in tumors is a prerequisite for effective immunotherapy, and yet the mechanisms of lymphocyte transit are not well defined. Here we show that tumor-associated lymphatic vessels control T cell exit from tumors via the chemokine CXCL12, and intratumoral antigen encounter tunes CXCR4 expression by effector CD8+ T cells. Only high-affinity antigen downregulates CXCR4 and upregulates the CXCL12 decoy receptor, ACKR3, thereby reducing CXCL12 sensitivity and promoting T cell retention. A diverse repertoire of functional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, therefore, exit the tumor, which limits the pool of CD8+ T cells available to exert tumor control. CXCR4 inhibition or loss of lymphatic-specific CXCL12 boosts T cell retention and enhances tumor control. These data indicate that strategies to limit T cell egress might be an approach to boost the quantity and quality of intratumoral T cells and thereby response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Steele
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Abhinav Jaiswal
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Delclaux
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian D Dryg
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhaarini Murugan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julia Femel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sunny Son
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haley du Bois
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cameron Hill
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Young H Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Reynoso GV, Gordon DN, Kalia A, Aguilar CC, Malo CS, Aleshnick M, Dowd KA, Cherry CR, Shannon JP, Vrba SM, Holmes AC, Alippe Y, Maciejewski S, Asano K, Diamond MS, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Zika virus spreads through infection of lymph node-resident macrophages. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112126. [PMID: 36795561 PMCID: PMC10425566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To disseminate through the body, Zika virus (ZIKV) is thought to exploit the mobility of myeloid cells, in particular monocytes and dendritic cells. However, the timing and mechanisms underlying shuttling of the virus by immune cells remains unclear. To understand the early steps in ZIKV transit from the skin, at different time points, we spatially mapped ZIKV infection in lymph nodes (LNs), an intermediary site en route to the blood. Contrary to prevailing hypotheses, migratory immune cells are not required for the virus to reach the LNs or blood. Instead, ZIKV rapidly infects a subset of sessile CD169+ macrophages in the LNs, which release the virus to infect downstream LNs. Infection of CD169+ macrophages alone is sufficient to initiate viremia. Overall, our experiments indicate that macrophages that reside in the LNs contribute to initial ZIKV spread. These studies enhance our understanding of ZIKV dissemination and identify another anatomical site for potential antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glennys V Reynoso
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David N Gordon
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney S Malo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maya Aleshnick
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian R Cherry
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia M Vrba
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn C Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Maciejewski
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Sakurai Y, Yoshikawa K, Arai K, Kazaoka A, Aoki S, Ito K, Nakai Y, Tange K, Furihata T, Tanaka H, Akita H. siRNA delivery to lymphatic endothelial cells via ApoE-mediated uptake by lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 353:125-133. [PMID: 36414194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemically administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are complexed with Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in the bloodstream, and the complex is subsequently largely taken up by hepatocytes. Based on a previous report showing that, like blood, lymph fluid also contains ApoE, and that LECs, in turn, expresses a low density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is the receptor responsible for the ApoE-bound LNP, we hypothesized that subcutaneously administered LNPs would be taken up by LECs via an ApoE-LDLR pathway. Our in vitro studies using immortal LECs that we established in a previous study showed that LEC indeed took up LNPs in an ApoE-dependent manner. We then reported on the development of LNPs that target the lymphatic endothelium for in vivo siRNA delivery after subcutaneous administration. The key to success for in vivo LEC targeting is that the surface needs to be modified with a high density of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated lipids with short acyl chains (C14). The LNPs were drained into the lymphatic system, and then accumulated in lymphatic endothelial cells in an ApoE-dependent manner, most likely after the release of the PEG-lipid. Subcutaneous administration of optimized LNPs containing encapsulated siRNA against VEGFR3, a marker of LECs, significantly inhibited the expression of VEGFR3. These findings are the first report of a simple straightforward strategy for targeting lymphatic endothelial cells by using ionizable lipid-formulated LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keito Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Akira Kazaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF Corporation, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF Corporation, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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16
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Peluzzo AM, Bkhache M, Do LNH, Autieri MV, Liu X. Differential regulation of lymphatic junctional morphology and the potential effects on cardiovascular diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198052. [PMID: 37187962 PMCID: PMC10175597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature provides an essential route to drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from the interstitium as lymph, returning it to the bloodstream where the thoracic duct meets the subclavian vein. To ensure functional lymphatic drainage, the lymphatic system contains a complex network of vessels which has differential regulation of unique cell-cell junctions. The lymphatic endothelial cells lining initial lymphatic vessels form permeable "button-like" junctions which allow substances to enter the vessel. Collecting lymphatic vessels form less permeable "zipper-like" junctions which retain lymph within the vessel and prevent leakage. Therefore, sections of the lymphatic bed are differentially permeable, regulated in part by its junctional morphology. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of regulating lymphatic junctional morphology, highlighting how it relates to lymphatic permeability during development and disease. We will also discuss the effect of alterations in lymphatic permeability on efficient lymphatic flux in health and how it may affect cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on atherosclerosis.
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17
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Antibody-Mediated Delivery of VEGF-C Promotes Long-Lasting Lymphatic Expansion That Reduces Recurrent Inflammation. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010172. [PMID: 36611965 PMCID: PMC9818868 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system plays a fundamental role in inflammation by draining interstitial fluid, immune cells, antigens, and inflammatory mediators from peripheral tissues. Site-specific delivery of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C alleviates acute inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis and chronic colitis by enhancing local drainage. However, it is unclear whether therapeutically induced lymphangiogenesis is transient or long-lasting and whether it might prevent relapses of inflammation. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of targeted VEGF-C delivery in a chronic dermatitis model in mice. Congruent with our previous results, intravenous injection with a VEGF-C fusion protein targeted to the EDA domain of fibronectin initially resulted in reduced inflammation. Importantly, we found that targeted VEGF-C-mediated expansion of lymphatic vessels in the skin persisted for more than 170 days, long after primary inflammation had resolved. Furthermore, the treatment markedly decreased tissue swelling upon inflammatory re-challenge at the same site. Simultaneously, infiltration of leukocytes, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, was significantly reduced in the previously treated group. In conclusion, our data show that targeted delivery of VEGF-C leads to long-lasting lymphatic expansion and long-term protection against repeated inflammatory challenge, suggesting that it is a promising new approach for the treatment of chronic, recurrent inflammatory diseases.
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18
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Lund AW. Immune Potential Untapped: Leveraging the Lymphatic System for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1042-1046. [PMID: 35895021 PMCID: PMC9673990 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the role of the lymphatic vasculature in tumor progression has evolved from it being a passive participant, as a first step along Halsted's path of sequential metastasis, to a potentially active regulator of antitumor immune surveillance. These new data, however, seemingly support paradoxical predictions for cancer immunotherapy; on one hand that enhanced lymphatic involvement augments antitumor immune surveillance and on the other, drives immune evasion and metastasis. The potential to leverage lymphatic biology for the benefit of clinical immunotherapy, therefore, requires a mechanistic understanding of how the lymphatic vasculature interacts with functional immune responses during disease progression and in the context of relevant immunotherapy regimes. In this review, I dissect the promise and challenge of engaging the lymphatic system for therapy and suggest important avenues for future investigation and potential application. See related article, p. 1041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. Lund
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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