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Lee M, Lee SY, Kang MH, Won TK, Kang S, Kim J, Park J, Ahn DJ. Observing growth and interfacial dynamics of nanocrystalline ice in thin amorphous ice films. Nat Commun 2024; 15:908. [PMID: 38291035 PMCID: PMC10827800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ice crystals at low temperatures exhibit structural polymorphs including hexagonal ice, cubic ice, or a hetero-crystalline mixture of the two phases. Despite the significant implications of structure-dependent roles of ice, mechanisms behind the growths of each polymorph have been difficult to access quantitatively. Using in-situ cryo-electron microscopy and computational ice-dynamics simulations, we directly observe crystalline ice growth in an amorphous ice film of nanoscale thickness, which exhibits three-dimensional ice nucleation and subsequent two-dimensional ice growth. We reveal that nanoscale ice crystals exhibit polymorph-dependent growth kinetics, while hetero-crystalline ice exhibits anisotropic growth, with accelerated growth occurring at the prismatic planes. Fast-growing facets are associated with low-density interfaces that possess higher surface energy, driving tetrahedral ordering of interfacial H2O molecules and accelerating ice growth. These findings, based on nanoscale observations, improve our understanding on early stages of ice formation and mechanistic roles of the ice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate school of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- The w:i Interface Augmentation Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kang
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- The w:i Interface Augmentation Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong June Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate school of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- The w:i Interface Augmentation Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tonauer CM, Fidler LR, Giebelmann J, Yamashita K, Loerting T. Nucleation and growth of crystalline ices from amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:141001. [PMID: 37061482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review mostly experimental and some computational work devoted to nucleation in amorphous ices. In fact, there are only a handful of studies in which nucleation and growth in amorphous ices are investigated as two separate processes. In most studies, crystallization temperatures Tx or crystallization rates RJG are accessed for the combined process. Our Review deals with different amorphous ices, namely, vapor-deposited amorphous solid water (ASW) encountered in many astrophysical environments; hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) produced from μm-droplets of liquid water; and low density amorphous (LDA), high density amorphous (HDA), and very high density amorphous (VHDA) ices produced via pressure-induced amorphization of ice I or from high-pressure polymorphs. We cover the pressure range of up to about 6 GPa and the temperature range of up to 270 K, where only the presence of salts allows for the observation of amorphous ices at such high temperatures. In the case of ASW, its microporosity and very high internal surface to volume ratio are the key factors determining its crystallization kinetics. For HGW, the role of interfaces between individual glassy droplets is crucial but mostly neglected in nucleation or crystallization studies. In the case of LDA, HDA, and VHDA, parallel crystallization kinetics to different ice phases is observed, where the fraction of crystallized ices is controlled by the heating rate. A key aspect here is that in different experiments, amorphous ices of different "purities" are obtained, where "purity" here means the "absence of crystalline nuclei." For this reason, "preseeded amorphous ice" and "nuclei-free amorphous ice" should be distinguished carefully, which has not been done properly in most studies. This makes a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories very hard, and even results obtained in the same laboratory are affected by very small changes in the preparation protocol. In terms of mechanism, the results are consistent with amorphous ices turning into an ultraviscous, deeply supercooled liquid prior to nucleation. However, especially in preseeded amorphous ices, crystallization from the preexisting nuclei takes place simultaneously. To separate the time scales of crystallization from the time scale of structure relaxation cleanly, the goal needs to be to produce amorphous ices free from crystalline ice nuclei. Such ices have only been produced in very few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli-Ruth Fidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giebelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keishiro Yamashita
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Ladd-Parada M, Li H, Karina A, Kim KH, Perakis F, Reiser M, Dallari F, Striker N, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Nilsson A, Lehmkühler F, Amann-Winkel K. Using coherent X-rays to follow dynamics in amorphous ices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:1314-1323. [PMID: 36561555 PMCID: PMC9648632 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid water plays an important role in our overall understanding of water's phase diagram. X-ray scattering is an important tool for characterising the different states of water, and modern storage ring and XFEL facilities have opened up new pathways to simultaneously study structure and dynamics. Here, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) was used to study the dynamics of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice upon heating. We follow the structural transition from HDA to low-density amorphous (LDA) ice, by using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), for different heating rates. We used a new type of sample preparation, which allowed us to study μm-sized ice layers rather than powdered bulk samples. The study focuses on the non-equilibrium dynamics during fast heating, spontaneous transformation and crystallization. Performing the XPCS study at ultra-small angle (USAXS) geometry allows us to characterize the transition dynamics at length scales ranging from 60 nm-800 nm. For the HDA-LDA transition we observe a clear separation in three dynamical regimes, which show different dynamical crossovers at different length scales. The crystallization from LDA, instead, is observed to appear homogenously throughout the studied length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryPOSTECHPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Nele Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | | | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University MainzStaudingerweg 755128 MainzGermany
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4
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Janicki TD, Wan Z, Liu R, Evans PG, Schmidt JR. Guiding epitaxial crystallization of amorphous solids at the nanoscale: interfaces, stress, and precrystalline order. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:100901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of amorphous solids impacts fields ranging from inorganic crystal growth to biophysics. Promoting or inhibiting nanoscale epitaxial crystallization and selecting its final products underpins applications in cryopreservation, semiconductor devices, oxide electronics, quantum electronics, structural and functional ceramics, and advanced glasses. As precursors for crystallization, amorphous solids are distinguished from liquids and gases by the comparatively long relaxation times for perturbations of the mechanical stress and for variations in composition or bonding. These factors allow experimentally controllable parameters to influence crystallization processes and to drive materials towards specific outcomes. For example, amorphous precursors can be employed to form crystalline phases, such as polymorphs of Al2O3, VO2, and other complex oxides, that are not readily accessible via crystallization from a liquid or through vapor-phase epitaxy. Crystallization of amorphous solids can further be guided to produce a desired polymorph, nanoscale shape, microstructure, and orientation of the resulting crystals. These effects can enable advances in applications in electronics, magnetic devices, optics, and catalysis. Directions for the future development of the chemical physics of crystallization from amorphous solids can be drawn from the impact of structurally complex and non-equilibrium atomic arrangements in liquids and the atomic-scale structure of liquid-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesia D Janicki
- University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Zhongyi Wan
- University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Rui Liu
- University of Wisconsin Madison, United States of America
| | - Paul Gregory Evans
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison College of Engineering, United States of America
| | - J. R. Schmidt
- Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Chemistry, United States of America
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5
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Brann MR, Hansknecht SP, Muir M, Sibener SJ. Acetone-Water Interactions in Crystalline and Amorphous Ice Environments. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2729-2738. [PMID: 35452240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present research that systematically examines acetone interacting with various D2O ices of terrestrial and astrophysical interest using time-resolved, in situ reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). We examine acetone deposited on top of different D2O ice films: high-density, nonporous amorphous (np-ASW), and crystalline (CI) films as well as porous amorphous (p-ASW) with various pore morphologies. Analysis of RAIR spectra changes after acetone exposure, and we find that more hydrogen bonding occurs between acetone and p-ASW ices as compared to acetone and np-ASW or CI ices. Hydrogen bonding quantification occurred by two independent RAIR spectral changes: a greater relative intensity of the 1703 cm-1 feature at low acetone coverage as part of a 14 cm-1 shift in the C═O region and an ∼30% integrated dangling bond area reduction after acetone exposure. Interestingly, when changing the water structure to be more porous (deposited at 70° compared to 30°), there is a further reduction in the amount of hydrogen bonding that occurs. This suggests that there is a lack of access to surface sites with dangling bonds in the pores as initial layers of acetone block the pores and acetone is unable to diffuse within the structure at low temperatures. In general, these results offer a clearer picture of the mechanisms that can occur when small organic hydrocarbons interact with various icy interfaces; a quantitative understanding of these interactions is essential for the accurate modeling of many astrophysical processes occurring on the surface of icy dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Brann
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen P Hansknecht
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mark Muir
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - S J Sibener
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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6
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Interplay of vitrification and ice formation in a cryoprotectant aqueous solution at low temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112248119. [PMID: 35302891 PMCID: PMC8944663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112248119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying water crystallization at low temperature and the lower limit of ice formation is crucial both for a fundamental understanding of water and for practical reasons such as cryopreservation. By taking advantage of the polarized neutron scattering technique and by considering a nanosegregated water–glycerol solution, we are able to characterize the key parameters of ice formation at temperatures near and below the calorimetric glass transition of the solution and provide a general rule for estimating the lower temperature limit of water crystallization in a broad range of aqueous solutions. We also show that nanosegregated water in the glassy solution at low temperature is not in a high-density form but in a low-density one. The proneness of water to crystallize is a major obstacle to understanding its putative exotic behavior in the supercooled state. It also represents a strong practical limitation to cryopreservation of biological systems. Adding some concentration of glycerol, which has a cryoprotective effect preventing, to some degree, water crystallization, has been proposed as a possible way out, provided the concentration is small enough for water to retain some of its bulk character and/or for limiting the damage caused by glycerol on living organisms. Contrary to previous expectations, we show that, in the “marginal” glycerol molar concentration ≈ 18%, at which vitrification is possible with no crystallization on rapid cooling, water crystallizes upon isothermal annealing even below the calorimetric glass transition of the solution. Through a time-resolved polarized neutron scattering investigation, we extract key parameters, size and shape of the ice crystallites, fraction of water that crystallizes, and crystallization time, which are important for cryoprotection, as a function of the annealing temperature. We also characterize the nature of the out-of-equilibrium liquid phases that are present at low temperature, providing more arguments against the presence of an isocompositional liquid–liquid transition. Finally, we propose a rule of thumb to estimate the lower temperature limit below which water crystallization does not occur in aqueous solutions.
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7
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Ladd-Parada M, Amann-Winkel K, Kim KH, Späh A, Perakis F, Pathak H, Yang C, Mariedahl D, Eklund T, Lane TJ, You S, Jeong S, Weston M, Lee JH, Eom I, Kim M, Park J, Chun SH, Nilsson A. Following the Crystallization of Amorphous Ice after Ultrafast Laser Heating. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2299-2307. [PMID: 35275642 PMCID: PMC8958512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Using time-resolved
wide-angle X-ray scattering, we investigated
the early stages (10 μs–1 ms) of crystallization of supercooled
water, obtained by the ultrafast heating of high- and low-density
amorphous ice (HDA and LDA) up to a temperature T = 205 K ± 10 K. We have determined that the crystallizing phase
is stacking disordered ice (Isd), with
a maximum cubicity of χ = 0.6, in agreement with predictions
from molecular dynamics simulations at similar temperatures. However,
we note that a growing small portion of hexagonal ice (Ih) was also observed, suggesting that within our timeframe, Isd starts annealing into Ih. The onset of crystallization, in both amorphous ice, occurs
at a similar temperature, but the observed final crystalline fraction
in the LDA sample is considerably lower than that in the HDA sample.
We attribute this discrepancy to the thickness difference between
the two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Mariedahl
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Seonju You
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Chun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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8
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Suzuki Y, Takeya S. Transformation process of ice crystallized from a glassy dilute trehalose aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26659-26667. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystal growth of ice Isd occurring after crystallization of a glassy dilute trehalose aqueous solution is slower than that of ice Isd in a dilute glycerol solution and pure ice Isd, and ice Isd in trehalose aqueous solution survives to ∼230 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Suzuki
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeya
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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9
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Vishwakarma G, Malla BK, Methikkalam RRJ, Pradeep T. Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water by porosity induction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26200-26210. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water via acetonitrile diffusion–desorption induced porosity in the window of 128–134 K under ultrahigh vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Vishwakarma
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Bijesh K. Malla
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- International Centre for Clean Water, IIT Madras Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
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10
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Gallo P, Bachler J, Bove LE, Böhmer R, Camisasca G, Coronas LE, Corti HR, de Almeida Ribeiro I, de Koning M, Franzese G, Fuentes-Landete V, Gainaru C, Loerting T, de Oca JMM, Poole PH, Rovere M, Sciortino F, Tonauer CM, Appignanesi GA. Advances in the study of supercooled water. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:143. [PMID: 34825973 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we report recent progress in the field of supercooled water. Due to its uniqueness, water presents numerous anomalies with respect to most simple liquids, showing polyamorphism both in the liquid and in the glassy state. We first describe the thermodynamic scenarios hypothesized for the supercooled region and in particular among them the liquid-liquid critical point scenario that has so far received more experimental evidence. We then review the most recent structural indicators, the two-state model picture of water, and the importance of cooperative effects related to the fact that water is a hydrogen-bonded network liquid. We show throughout the review that water's peculiar properties come into play also when water is in solution, confined, and close to biological molecules. Concerning dynamics, upon mild supercooling water behaves as a fragile glass former following the mode coupling theory, and it turns into a strong glass former upon further cooling. Connections between the slow dynamics and the thermodynamics are discussed. The translational relaxation times of density fluctuations show in fact the fragile-to-strong crossover connected to the thermodynamics arising from the existence of two liquids. When considering also rotations, additional crossovers come to play. Mobility-viscosity decoupling is also discussed in supercooled water and aqueous solutions. Finally, the polyamorphism of glassy water is considered through experimental and simulation results both in bulk and in salty aqueous solutions. Grains and grain boundaries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy.
| | - Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Livia E Bove
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gaia Camisasca
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Luis E Coronas
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària-Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Horacio R Corti
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Franzese
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària-Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Fuentes-Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter H Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Mauro Rovere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gustavo A Appignanesi
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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11
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Ingman ER, Shepherd A, Brown WA. Using Surface Science Techniques to Investigate the Interaction of Acetonitrile with Dust Grain Analogue Surfaces : Behaviour of acetonitrile and water on a graphitic surface. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651321x16264409352535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surface science methodologies, such as reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), are ideally suited to studying the interaction of molecules with model astrophysical surfaces. Here we describe the use of RAIRS and TPD to investigate
the adsorption, interactions and thermal processing of acetonitrile and water containing model ices grown under astrophysical conditions on a graphitic dust grain analogue surface. Experiments show that acetonitrile physisorbs on the graphitic surface at all exposures. At the lowest coverages,
repulsions between the molecules lead to a decreasing desorption energy with increasing coverage. Analysis of TPD data gives monolayer desorption energies ranging from 28.8‐39.2 kJ mol−1 and an average multilayer desorption energy of 43.8 kJ mol−1.
When acetonitrile is adsorbed in the presence of water ice, the desorption energy of monolayer acetonitrile shows evidence of desorption with a wide range of energies. An estimate of the desorption energy of acetonitrile from crystalline ice (CI) shows that it is increased to ~37 kJ mol−1
at the lowest exposures of acetonitrile. Amorphous water ice also traps acetonitrile on the graphite surface past its natural desorption temperature, leading to volcano and co-desorption. RAIRS data show that the C≡N vibration shifts, indicative of an interaction between the acetonitrile
and the water ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Ingman
- Department of Chemistry Arundel Building 305, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Amber Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry Arundel Building 305, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry Arundel Building 305, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ UK
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12
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Plenert AC, Mendez-Vega E, Sander W. Micro- vs Macrosolvation in Reichardt's Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13156-13166. [PMID: 34387472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solvation is a complex phenomenon involving electrostatic and van der Waals forces as well as chemically more specific effects such as hydrogen bonding. To disentangle global solvent effects (macrosolvation) from local solvent effects (microsolvation), we studied the UV-vis and IR spectra of a solvatochromic pyridinium-N-phenolate dye (a derivative of Reichardt's dye) in rare gas matrices, in mixtures of argon and water, and in water ice. The π-π* transition of the betaine dye in the visible region and its C-O stretching vibration in the IR region are highly sensitive to solvent effects. By annealing argon matrices of the betaine dye doped with low concentrations of water, we were able to synthesize 1:1 water-dye complexes. Formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes leads to small shifts of the π-π* transition only, as long as the global polarity of the matrix environment does not change. In contrast, changes of the global polarity result in large spectral band shifts. Hydrogen-bonded complexes of the betaine dye are more sensitive to global polarity changes than the dye itself, explaining why ET values determined with Reichardt's dyes are very different for protic and nonprotic solvents, even if the relative permittivities of these solvents are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Plenert
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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13
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Yamamoto S, Kuwahara R, Tanaka K. Dynamic behaviour of water molecules in heterogeneous free space formed in an epoxy resin. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6073-6080. [PMID: 34132297 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although an epoxy resin is a stable material, it absorbs moisture over a long period of time, causing deterioration of its material properties. We here applied a full-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study where water molecules exist in an epoxy resin and how they dynamically behave. First, the curing reaction was simulated to obtain a network structure so that the time course of the density, and thereby the free space, in the resin were obtained. The results made it possible to discuss the formation and size distribution of the free spaces which were not connected to each other. Then, a few percent of water were inserted into the free space of the cured epoxy resin to examine the location and dynamics of their molecules. We found that several water molecules were clustered at a preferred site, where hydrogen bonds can be formed with hydroxy, ether and amino groups of the network, in the free space, and they heterogeneously moved from there to other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamamoto
- Centre for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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14
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Chavarría-Sibaja A, Marín-Sosa S, Bolaños-Jiménez E, Hernández-Calderón M, Herrera-Sancho OA. MgO surface lattice phonons observation during interstellar ice transition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6149. [PMID: 33731796 PMCID: PMC7969629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant information on the origins of the solar system and the early evolution of life itself can be derive from systematic and controlled exploration of water ice here on Earth. Therefore, over the last decades, a huge effort on experimental methodologies has been made to study the multiple crystal ice phases, which are observed outside our home-gravitational-potential. By employing (100)-oriented MgO lattice surface as a microcantilever sensor, we conducted the first ever study on the dynamics of the Structural Phase Transition at 185 K in water ice by means of coherent elastic scattering of electron diffraction. We estimate the amount of phonons caused by this transition applying precise quantum computing key tools, and resulting in a maximum value of 1.23 ± 0.02. Further applications of our microcantilever sensor were assessed using unambiguous mapping of the surface stress induced by the c([Formula: see text]) → p([Formula: see text]) Structural Phase Transition of the interstellar ice formulated on the Williamsom-Hall model. This development paves the way and thus establishes an efficient characterization tool of the surface mechanical strains of materials with potential applications arising from interstellar ice inclusive glaciers to the wide spectrum of solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chavarría-Sibaja
- Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - S Marín-Sosa
- Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - E Bolaños-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - M Hernández-Calderón
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 30101, Costa Rica
| | - O A Herrera-Sancho
- Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Atómicas Nucleares y Moleculares, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Arte, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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15
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Tarn MD, Sikora SNF, Porter GCE, Shim JU, Murray BJ. Homogeneous Freezing of Water Using Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:223. [PMID: 33672200 PMCID: PMC7926757 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous freezing of water is important in the formation of ice in clouds, but there remains a great deal of variability in the representation of the homogeneous freezing of water in the literature. The development of new instrumentation, such as droplet microfluidic platforms, may help to constrain our understanding of the kinetics of homogeneous freezing via the analysis of monodisperse, size-selected water droplets in temporally and spatially controlled environments. Here, we evaluate droplet freezing data obtained using the Lab-on-a-Chip Nucleation by Immersed Particle Instrument (LOC-NIPI), in which droplets are generated and frozen in continuous flow. This high-throughput method was used to analyse over 16,000 water droplets (86 μm diameter) across three experimental runs, generating data with high precision and reproducibility that has largely been unrepresented in the microfluidic literature. Using this data, a new LOC-NIPI parameterisation of the volume nucleation rate coefficient (JV(T)) was determined in the temperature region of -35.1 to -36.9 °C, covering a greater JV(T) compared to most other microfluidic techniques thanks to the number of droplets analysed. Comparison to recent theory suggests inconsistencies in the theoretical representation, further implying that microfluidics could be used to inform on changes to parameterisations. By applying classical nucleation theory (CNT) to our JV(T) data, we have gone a step further than other microfluidic homogeneous freezing examples by calculating the stacking-disordered ice-supercooled water interfacial energy, estimated to be 22.5 ± 0.7 mJ m-2, again finding inconsistencies when compared to theoretical predictions. Further, we briefly review and compile all available microfluidic homogeneous freezing data in the literature, finding that the LOC-NIPI and other microfluidically generated data compare well with commonly used non-microfluidic datasets, but have generally been obtained with greater ease and with higher numbers of monodisperse droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Tarn
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.N.F.S.); (G.C.E.P.)
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Sebastien N. F. Sikora
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.N.F.S.); (G.C.E.P.)
| | - Grace C. E. Porter
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.N.F.S.); (G.C.E.P.)
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Jung-uk Shim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.N.F.S.); (G.C.E.P.)
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16
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Tsuge M, Nguyen T, Oba Y, Hama T, Kouchi A, Watanabe N. UV-ray irradiation never causes amorphization of crystalline CO2: A transmission electron microscopy study. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Suzuki Y, Takeya S. Slow Crystal Growth of Cubic Ice with Stacking Faults in a Glassy Dilute Glycerol Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9432-9438. [PMID: 33108207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Control of ice formation is an important issue as catastrophic ice growth influences our life activities and many industrial systems. We prepared a homogeneous glass of a dilute glycerol aqueous solution by a pressure liquid cooling vitrification method and examined the effect of solute on the ice formation of solvent water using a powder X-ray diffraction method. The solvent water immediately after the crystallization is composed of nanosized pure cubic ice (ice Ic). The crystal growth of ice Ic with stacking faults is much slower than that of pure water. The presence of glycerol molecules dispersing homogeneously may hinder crystal growth. The macroscopic segregation occurs rapidly during the transformation from stacking disordered ice to hexagonal ice. The results suggest that ice formation can be controlled by changing the solute type and concentration. This study has implications for thawing technology in cryobiology and frozen food engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Suzuki
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeya
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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18
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Morrison SM, Hazen RM. An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga). THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 2020; 105:1508-1535. [PMID: 33958805 PMCID: PMC8098038 DOI: 10.2138/am-2020-7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary system of mineralogy relies on varied physical and chemical attributes, including trace elements, isotopes, solid and fluid inclusions, and other information-rich characteristics, to understand processes of mineral formation and to place natural condensed phases in the deep-time context of planetary evolution. Part I of this system reviewed the earliest refractory phases that condense at T > 1000 K within the turbulent expanding and cooling atmospheres of highly evolved stars. Part II considers the subsequent formation of primary crystalline and amorphous phases by condensation in three distinct mineral-forming environments, each of which increased mineralogical diversity and distribution prior to the accretion of planetesimals >4.5 billion years ago. INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR SOLIDS (1)Varied crystalline and amorphous molecular solids containing primarily H, C, O, and N are observed to condense in cold, dense molecular clouds in the interstellar medium (10 < T < 20 K; P < 10-13 atm). With the possible exception of some nanoscale organic condensates preserved in carbonaceous meteorites, the existence of these phases is documented primarily by telescopic observations of absorption and emission spectra of interstellar molecules in radio, microwave, or infrared wavelengths. NEBULAR AND CIRCUMSTELLAR ICE (2)Evidence from infrared observations and laboratory experiments suggest that cubic H2O ("cubic ice") condenses as thin crystalline mantles on oxide and silicate dust grains in cool, distant nebular and circumstellar regions where T ~100 K. PRIMARY CONDENSED PHASES OF THE INNER SOLAR NEBULA (3)The earliest phase of nebular mineralogy saw the formation of primary refractory minerals that solidified through high-temperature condensation (1100 < T < 1800 K; 10-6 < P < 10-2 atm) in the solar nebula more than 4.565 billion years ago. These earliest mineral phases originating in our solar system formed prior to the accretion of planetesimals and are preserved in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, ultra-refractory inclusions, and amoeboid olivine aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna M. Morrison
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U. S. A
| | - Robert M. Hazen
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U. S. A
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19
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Thorne RE. Hypothesis for a mechanism of beam-induced motion in cryo-electron microscopy. IUCRJ 2020; 7:416-421. [PMID: 32431825 PMCID: PMC7201280 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of heat-transfer rates during plunge-cooling and the patterns of ice observed in cryo-EM samples indicate that the grid bars cool much more slowly than do the support foil and sample near the middle of the grid openings. The resulting transient temperature differences generate transient tensile stresses in the support foil. Most of this foil stress develops while the sample is liquid and cooling toward its glass transition T g, and so does not generate tensile sample stress. As the grid bars continue cooling towards the cryogen temperature and contracting, the tensile stress in the foil is released, placing the sample in compressive stress. Radiation-induced creep in the presence of this compressive stress should generate a doming of the sample in the foil openings, as is observed experimentally. Crude estimates of the magnitude of the doming that may be generated by this mechanism are consistent with observation. Several approaches to reducing beam-induced motion are discussed.
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20
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21
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Ghosh J, Bhuin RG, Vishwakarma G, Pradeep T. Formation of Cubic Ice via Clathrate Hydrate, Prepared in Ultrahigh Vacuum under Cryogenic Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:26-32. [PMID: 31804833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cubic ice (ice Ic) is a crystalline phase of solid water, which exists in the earth's atmosphere and extraterrestrial environments. We provide experimental evidence that dissociation of acetone clathrate hydrate (CH) makes ice Ic in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at 130-135 K. In this process, we find that crystallization of ice Ic occurs below its normal crystallization temperature. Time-dependent reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) were utilized to confirm the formation of ice Ic. Associated crystallization kinetics and activation energy (Ea) for the process were evaluated. We suggest that enhanced mobility or diffusion of water molecules during acetone hydrate dissociation enabled crystallization. Moreover, this finding implied that CHs might exist in extreme low-pressure environments present in comets. These hydrates, subjected to prolonged thermal annealing, transform into ice Ic. This unique process of crystallization hints at a possible mechanistic route for the formation of ice Ic in comets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Radha Gobinda Bhuin
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Gaurav Vishwakarma
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
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22
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Nachbar M, Duft D, Leisner T. The vapor pressure of liquid and solid water phases at conditions relevant to the atmosphere. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Smith RS, Yuan C, Petrik NG, Kimmel GA, Kay BD. Crystallization growth rates and front propagation in amorphous solid water films. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:214703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5098481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Chunqing Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolay G. Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A. Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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24
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Kimmel GA, Xu Y, Brumberg A, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD. Homogeneous ice nucleation rates and crystallization kinetics in transiently-heated, supercooled water films from 188 K to 230 K. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204509. [PMID: 31153179 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization kinetics of transiently heated, nanoscale water films were investigated for 188 K < Tpulse < 230 K, where Tpulse is the maximum temperature obtained during a heat pulse. The water films, which had thicknesses ranging from approximately 15-30 nm, were adsorbed on a Pt(111) single crystal and heated with ∼10 ns laser pulses, which produced heating and cooling rates of ∼109-1010 K/s in the adsorbed water films. Because the ice growth rates have been measured independently, the ice nucleation rates could be determined by modeling the observed crystallization kinetics. The experiments show that the nucleation rate goes through a maximum at T = 216 K ± 4 K, and the rate at the maximum is 1029±1 m-3 s-1. The maximum nucleation rate reported here for flat, thin water films is consistent with recent measurements of the nucleation rate in nanometer-sized water drops at comparable temperatures. However, the nucleation rate drops rapidly at lower temperatures, which is different from the nearly temperature-independent rates observed for the nanometer-sized drops. At T ∼ 189 K, the nucleation rate for the current experiments is a factor of ∼104-5 smaller than the rate at the maximum. The nucleation rate also decreases for Tpulse > 220 K, but the transiently heated water films are not very sensitive to the smaller nucleation rates at higher temperatures. The crystallization kinetics are consistent with a "classical" nucleation and growth mechanism indicating that there is an energetic barrier for deeply supercooled water to convert to ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Yuntao Xu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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25
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Abstract
Thermal stability against crystallization upon isobaric heating at pressure 0.1 ≤ P ≤ 1.9 GPa is compared for five variants of high- (HDA) and very high-density amorphous ice (VHDA) with different preparation history. At 0.1-0.3 GPa expanded HDA (eHDA) and VHDA reach the same state before crystallization, which we infer to be the contested high-density liquid (HDL). Thus, 0.3 GPa sets the high-pressure limit for the possibility to observe HDL for timescales of minutes, hours, and longer. At P > 0.3 GPa the annealed amorphous ices no longer reach the same state before crystallization. Further examination of the results demonstrates that crystallization times are significantly affected both by the density of the amorphous matrix at the crystallization temperature T x as well as by nanocrystalline domains remaining in unannealed HDA (uHDA) as a consequence of incomplete pressure-induced amorphization.
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26
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Plonka A. Recent Developments in Dispersive Kinetics. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967400103165137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In general, chemical reactions proceeding on time scales comparable to, or shorter than, those of internal rearrangements in a reaction system renewing the environment of the reactants (mixing), are dispersive. For dispersive kinetics, as for dispersive transport and dispersive relaxation, many time scales coexist. The rate coefficients for dispersive processes depend on time. For a time-dependent specific reaction rate, using the concept of energy profile along the reaction path, one finds the potential energy barrier separating reactants from products to evolve in time during the course of reaction. The evolution of the energy barrier during the course of reaction is described in terms of energy distribution functions related directly to the distribution function of logarithms of lifetimes calculable from kinetic equations with a time-dependent specific reaction rate. This phenomenological approach is compared with that in which the kinetic equations with time-dependent specific reaction rates are interpreted in terms of the superposition of classical reaction patterns. Special attention is paid to renor-malization of rate coefficients following from the stochastic theory of renewals (structural relaxation) in the reaction system. This phenomenological approach to kinetics is taken as a convenient basis to present a number of comprehensive models of dispersive kinetics developed in the 1990s and to discuss some recently published experimental data to show what one derives directly from experimental data and what the detailed mechanistic models have to account for to be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Plonka
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Amaya
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Barbara E. Wyslouzil
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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28
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Tachibana S, Kouchi A, Hama T, Oba Y, Piani L, Sugawara I, Endo Y, Hidaka H, Kimura Y, Murata KI, Yurimoto H, Watanabe N. Liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog at low temperatures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao2538. [PMID: 28975154 PMCID: PMC5621975 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interstellar ice is believed to be a cradle of complex organic compounds, commonly found within icy comets and interstellar clouds, in association with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and subsequent warming. We found that UV-irradiated amorphous ices composed of H2O, CH3OH, and NH3 and of pure H2O behave like liquids over the temperature ranges of 65 to 150 kelvin and 50 to 140 kelvin, respectively. This low-viscosity liquid-like ice may enhance the formation of organic compounds including prebiotic molecules and the accretion of icy dust to form icy planetesimals under certain interstellar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tachibana
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kouchi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oba
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Laurette Piani
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Iyo Sugawara
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yukiko Endo
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Murata
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
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29
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Structures and ultrafast dynamics of interfacial water assemblies on smooth hydrophobic surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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On the Formation of the C2H6O Isomers Ethanol (C2H5OH) and Dimethyl Ether (CH3OCH3) in Star-forming Regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Computational investigation of surface freezing in a molecular model of water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3316-3321. [PMID: 28292905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620999114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water freezes in a wide variety of low-temperature environments, from meteors and atmospheric clouds to soil and biological cells. In nature, ice usually nucleates at or near interfaces, because homogenous nucleation in the bulk can only be observed at deep supercoolings. Although the effect of proximal surfaces on freezing has been extensively studied, major gaps in understanding remain regarding freezing near vapor-liquid interfaces, with earlier experimental studies being mostly inconclusive. The question of how a vapor-liquid interface affects freezing in its vicinity is therefore still a major open question in ice physics. Here, we address this question computationally by using the forward-flux sampling algorithm to compute the nucleation rate in a freestanding nanofilm of supercooled water. We use the TIP4P/ice force field, one of the best existing molecular models of water, and observe that the nucleation rate in the film increases by seven orders of magnitude with respect to bulk at the same temperature. By analyzing the nucleation pathway, we conclude that freezing in the film initiates not at the surface, but within an interior region where the formation of double-diamond cages (DDCs) is favored in comparison with the bulk. This, in turn, facilitates freezing by favoring the formation of nuclei rich in cubic ice, which, as demonstrated by us earlier, are more likely to grow and overcome the nucleation barrier. The films considered here are ultrathin because their interior regions are not truly bulk-like, due to their subtle structural differences with the bulk.
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33
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Yuan C, Smith RS, Kay BD. Communication: Distinguishing between bulk and interface-enhanced crystallization in nanoscale films of amorphous solid water. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:031102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R. Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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34
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Hama T, Ishizuka S, Yamazaki T, Kimura Y, Kouchi A, Watanabe N, Sugimoto T, Pirronello V. Fast crystalline ice formation at extremely low temperature through water/neon matrix sublimation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17677-17684. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline ice formation requires water molecules to be sufficiently mobile to find and settle on the thermodynamically most stable site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Akira Kouchi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
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35
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Xu Y, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Growth rate of crystalline ice and the diffusivity of supercooled water from 126 to 262 K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14921-14925. [PMID: 27956609 PMCID: PMC5206540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611395114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding deeply supercooled water is key to unraveling many of water's anomalous properties. However, developing this understanding has proven difficult due to rapid and uncontrolled crystallization. Using a pulsed-laser-heating technique, we measure the growth rate of crystalline ice, G(T), for 180 K < T < 262 K, that is, deep within water's "no man's land" in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Isothermal measurements of G(T) are also made for 126 K ≤ T ≤ 151 K. The self-diffusion of supercooled liquid water, D(T), is obtained from G(T) using the Wilson-Frenkel model of crystal growth. For T > 237 K and P ∼ 10-8 Pa, G(T) and D(T) have super-Arrhenius ("fragile") temperature dependences, but both cross over to Arrhenius ("strong") behavior with a large activation energy in no man's land. The fact that G(T) and D(T) are smoothly varying rules out the hypothesis that liquid water's properties have a singularity at or near 228 K at ambient pressures. However, the results are consistent with a previous prediction for D(T) that assumed no thermodynamic transitions occur in no man's land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - R Scott Smith
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
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36
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Koop T, Murray BJ. A physically constrained classical description of the homogeneous nucleation of ice in water. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211915. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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37
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McGuire BA, Ioppolo S, Allodi MA, Blake GA. THz time-domain spectroscopy of mixed CO2-CH3OH interstellar ice analogs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20199-207. [PMID: 27306081 PMCID: PMC6842323 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The icy mantles of interstellar dust grains are the birthplaces of the primordial prebiotic molecular inventory that may eventually seed nascent solar systems and the planets and planetesimals that form therein. Here, we present a study of two of the most abundant species in these ices after water: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methanol (CH3OH), using TeraHertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and mid-infrared spectroscopy. We study pure and mixed-ices of these species, and demonstrate the power of the THz region of the spectrum to elucidate the long-range structure (i.e. crystalline versus amorphous) of the ice, the degree of segregation of these species within the ice, and the thermal history of the species within the ice. Finally, we comment on the utility of the THz transitions arising from these ices for use in astronomical observations of interstellar ices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A McGuire
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sergio Ioppolo
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Marco A Allodi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA and Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Blake
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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38
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Gallo P, Amann-Winkel K, Angell CA, Anisimov MA, Caupin F, Chakravarty C, Lascaris E, Loerting T, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Russo J, Sellberg JA, Stanley HE, Tanaka H, Vega C, Xu L, Pettersson LGM. Water: A Tale of Two Liquids. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7463-500. [PMID: 27380438 PMCID: PMC5424717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water is the most abundant liquid
on earth and also the substance
with the largest number of anomalies in its properties. It is a prerequisite
for life and as such a most important subject of current research
in chemical physics and physical chemistry. In spite of its simplicity
as a liquid, it has an enormously rich phase diagram where different
types of ices, amorphous phases, and anomalies disclose a path that
points to unique thermodynamics of its supercooled liquid state that
still hides many unraveled secrets. In this review we describe the
behavior of water in the regime from ambient conditions to the deeply
supercooled region. The review describes simulations and experiments
on this anomalous liquid. Several scenarios have been proposed to
explain the anomalous properties that become strongly enhanced in
the supercooled region. Among those, the second critical-point scenario
has been investigated extensively, and at present most experimental
evidence point to this scenario. Starting from very low temperatures,
a coexistence line between a high-density amorphous phase and a low-density
amorphous phase would continue in a coexistence line between a high-density
and a low-density liquid phase terminating in a liquid–liquid
critical point, LLCP. On approaching this LLCP from the one-phase
region, a crossover in thermodynamics and dynamics can be found. This
is discussed based on a picture of a temperature-dependent balance
between a high-density liquid and a low-density liquid favored by,
respectively, entropy and enthalpy, leading to a consistent picture
of the thermodynamics of bulk water. Ice nucleation is also discussed,
since this is what severely impedes experimental investigation of
the vicinity of the proposed LLCP. Experimental investigation of stretched
water, i.e., water at negative pressure, gives access to a different
regime of the complex water diagram. Different ways to inhibit crystallization
through confinement and aqueous solutions are discussed through results
from experiments and simulations using the most sophisticated and
advanced techniques. These findings represent tiles of a global picture
that still needs to be completed. Some of the possible experimental
lines of research that are essential to complete this picture are
explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles Austen Angell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Mikhail Alexeevich Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Frédéric Caupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut Universitaire de France , 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Charusita Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Erik Lascaris
- Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - John Russo
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,School of Mathematics, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Alexander Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Eugene Stanley
- Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Carlos Vega
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Limei Xu
- International Centre for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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39
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Laksmono H, McQueen T, Sellberg JA, Loh ND, Huang C, Schlesinger D, Sierra RG, Hampton CY, Nordlund D, Beye M, Martin A, Barty A, Seibert MM, Messerschmidt M, Williams G, Boutet S, Amann-Winkel K, Loerting T, Pettersson LM, Bogan MJ, Nilsson A. Anomalous Behavior of the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Rate in "No-Man's Land". J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2826-2832. [PMID: 26207172 PMCID: PMC4507474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis of ice nucleation kinetics from near-ambient pressure water as temperature decreases below the homogeneous limit TH by cooling micrometer-sized droplets (microdroplets) evaporatively at 103-104 K/s and probing the structure ultrafast using femtosecond pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron X-ray laser. Below 232 K, we observed a slower nucleation rate increase with decreasing temperature than anticipated from previous measurements, which we suggest is due to the rapid decrease in water's diffusivity. This is consistent with earlier findings that microdroplets do not crystallize at <227 K, but vitrify at cooling rates of 106-107 K/s. We also hypothesize that the slower increase in the nucleation rate is connected with the proposed "fragile-to-strong" transition anomaly in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartawan Laksmono
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Trevor
A. McQueen
- SUNCAT
Ctr Interface Sci & Catalysis, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jonas A. Sellberg
- SUNCAT
Ctr Interface Sci & Catalysis, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Duane Loh
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Center
for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Congcong Huang
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Daniel Schlesinger
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond G. Sierra
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christina Y. Hampton
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Martin Beye
- SUNCAT
Ctr Interface Sci & Catalysis, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen
Campus, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew
V. Martin
- Center for Free-Electron
Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron
Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Marvin Seibert
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, 2575 Sand
Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, 2575 Sand
Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- National
Science
Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United
States
| | - Garth
J. Williams
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, 2575 Sand
Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, 2575 Sand
Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars
G. M. Pettersson
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J. Bogan
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anders Nilsson
- SUNCAT
Ctr Interface Sci & Catalysis, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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40
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Agapov AL, Kolesnikov AI, Novikov VN, Richert R, Sokolov AP. Quantum effects in the dynamics of deeply supercooled water. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:022312. [PMID: 25768510 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.022312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite its simple chemical structure, water remains one of the most puzzling liquids with many anomalies at low temperatures. Combining neutron scattering and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, we show that quantum fluctuations are not negligible in deeply supercooled water. Our dielectric measurements reveal the anomalously weak temperature dependence of structural relaxation in vapor-deposited water close to the glass transition temperature T(g)∼136K. We demonstrate that this anomalous behavior can be explained well by quantum effects. These results have significant implications for our understanding of water dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Agapov
- Department of Chemistry and Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A I Kolesnikov
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V N Novikov
- Department of Chemistry and Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Richert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - A P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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41
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Lignell A, Gudipati MS. Mixing of the Immiscible: Hydrocarbons in Water-Ice near the Ice Crystallization Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2607-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509513s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Lignell
- Ice Spectroscopy Lab, Science
Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Murthy S. Gudipati
- Ice Spectroscopy Lab, Science
Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
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42
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Power RM, Reid JP. Probing the micro-rheological properties of aerosol particles using optical tweezers. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:074601. [PMID: 24994710 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/7/074601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of optical trapping techniques to manipulate probe particles for performing micro-rheological measurements on a surrounding fluid is well-established. Here, we review recent advances made in the use of optical trapping to probe the rheological properties of trapped particles themselves. In particular, we review observations of the continuous transition from liquid to solid-like viscosity of sub-picolitre supersaturated solution aerosol droplets using optical trapping techniques. Direct measurements of the viscosity of the particle bulk are derived from the damped oscillations in shape following coalescence of two particles, a consequence of the interplay between viscous and surface forces and the capillary driven relaxation of the approximately spheroidal composite particle. Holographic optical tweezers provide a facile method for the manipulation of arrays of particles allowing coalescence to be controllably induced between two micron-sized aerosol particles. The optical forces, while sufficiently strong to confine the composite particle, are several orders of magnitude weaker than the capillary forces driving relaxation. Light, elastically back-scattered by the particle, is recorded with sub-100 ns resolution allowing measurements of fast relaxation (low viscosity) dynamics, while the brightfield image can be used to monitor the shape relaxation extending to times in excess of 1000 s. For the slowest relaxation dynamics studied (particles with the highest viscosity) the presence and line shape of whispering gallery modes in the cavity enhanced Raman spectrum can be used to infer the relaxation time while serving the dual purpose of allowing the droplet size and refractive index to be measured with accuracies of ±0.025% and ±0.1%, respectively. The time constant for the damped relaxation can be used to infer the bulk viscosity, spanning from the dilute solution limit to a value approaching that of a glass, typically considered to be >10(12) Pa s, whilst the frequencies of the normal modes of the oscillations of the particle can be used to infer surface properties. We will review the use of optical tweezers for studying the viscosity of aerosol particles and discuss the potential use of this micro-rheological tool for probing the fundamental concepts of phase, thermodynamic equilibrium and metastability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Power
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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43
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Townrow S, Coleman PG. Structure and sublimation of water ice films grown in vacuo at 120-190 K studied by positron and positronium annihilation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:125402. [PMID: 24599176 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/12/125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline structure of ∼ 5-20 μm water ice films grown at 165 and 172 K has been probed by measuring the fraction of positrons forming ortho-positronium (ortho-Ps) and decaying into three gamma photons. It has been established that films grown at slower rates (water vapour pressure ≥ 1 mPa) have lower concentrations of lattice defects and closed pores, which act as Ps traps, than those grown at higher rates (vapour pressure ∼ 100 mPa), evidenced by ortho-Ps diffusion lengths being approximately four times greater in the former. By varying the growth temperature between 162 and 182 K it was found that films become less disordered at temperatures above ∼ 172 K, with the ortho-Ps diffusion length rising by ∼ 60%, in this range. The sublimation energy for water ice films grown on copper has been measured to be 0.462(5) eV using the time dependence of positron annihilation parameters from 165 to 195 K, in agreement with earlier studies and with no measurable dependence on growth rate and thermal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Townrow
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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44
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Allodi MA, Ioppolo S, Kelley MJ, McGuire BA, Blake GA. The structure and dynamics of carbon dioxide and water containing ices investigated via THz and mid-IR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3442-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amann-Winkel K, Gainaru C, Handle PH, Seidl M, Nelson H, Böhmer R, Loerting T. Water's second glass transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17720-5. [PMID: 24101518 PMCID: PMC3816484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311718110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The glassy states of water are of common interest as the majority of H2O in space is in the glassy state and especially because a proper description of this phenomenon is considered to be the key to our understanding why liquid water shows exceptional properties, different from all other liquids. The occurrence of water's calorimetric glass transition of low-density amorphous ice at 136 K has been discussed controversially for many years because its calorimetric signature is very feeble. Here, we report that high-density amorphous ice at ambient pressure shows a distinct calorimetric glass transitions at 116 K and present evidence that this second glass transition involves liquid-like translational mobility of water molecules. This "double Tg scenario" is related to the coexistence of two liquid phases. The calorimetric signature of the second glass transition is much less feeble, with a heat capacity increase at Tg,2 about five times as large as at Tg,1. By using broadband-dielectric spectroscopy we resolve loss peaks yielding relaxation times near 100 s at 126 K for low-density amorphous ice and at 110 K for high-density amorphous ice as signatures of these two distinct glass transitions. Temperature-dependent dielectric data and heating-rate-dependent calorimetric data allow us to construct the relaxation map for the two distinct phases of water and to extract fragility indices m = 14 for the low-density and m = 20-25 for the high-density liquid. Thus, low-density liquid is classified as the strongest of all liquids known ("superstrong"), and also high-density liquid is classified as a strong liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philip H. Handle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Markus Seidl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Helge Nelson
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
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Photochemical reaction processes during vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation of water ice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bhabhe A, Pathak H, Wyslouzil BE. Freezing of Heavy Water (D2O) Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5472-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400070v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Bhabhe
- William G.
Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Harshad Pathak
- William G.
Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Barbara E. Wyslouzil
- William G.
Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Sepúlveda A, Leon-Gutierrez E, Gonzalez-Silveira M, Rodríguez-Tinoco C, Clavaguera-Mora MT, Rodríguez-Viejo J. Glass transition in ultrathin films of amorphous solid water. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:244506. [PMID: 23277944 DOI: 10.1063/1.4771964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocalorimetry at ultrafast heating rates is used to investigate the glass transition of nanometer thick films of metastable amorphous solid water grown by vapor deposition in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. Apparent heat capacity curves exhibit characteristic features depending on the deposition temperature. While films grown at T ≥ 155 K are completely crystallized, those deposited at 90 K show a relaxation exotherm prior to crystallization. Films grown between 135 and 140 K and subsequently cooled down to 90 K reveal a clear endothermic feature before crystallization, which is compatible with a glass-to-liquid transition. The onset temperature is located at 174 K at a heating rate of 2.4 × 10(4) K/s and is independent of film thickness in the range of 16-150 nm. Comparison of our data with other calorimetric measurements at various heating rates suggests that water is a strong glass former in the deeply supercooled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sepúlveda
- Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Alan May R, Scott Smith R, Kay BD. The release of trapped gases from amorphous solid water films. II. “Bottom-up” induced desorption pathways. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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May RA, Smith RS, Kay BD. The release of trapped gases from amorphous solid water films. I. “Top-down” crystallization-induced crack propagation probed using the molecular volcano. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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