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Yii F, Nguyen L, Strang N, Bernabeu MO, Tatham AJ, MacGillivray T, Dhillon B. Factors associated with pathologic myopia onset and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:963-976. [PMID: 38563652 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesise evidence across studies on factors associated with pathologic myopia (PM) onset and progression based on the META-analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification framework. METHODS Findings from six longitudinal studies (5-18 years) were narratively synthesised and meta-analysed, using odds ratio (OR) as the common measure of association. All studies adjusted for baseline myopia, age and sex at a minimum. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. RESULTS Five out of six studies were conducted in Asia. There was inconclusive evidence of an independent effect (or lack thereof) of ethnicity and sex on PM onset/progression. The odds of PM onset increased with greater axial length (pooled OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.71-2.40; p < 0.001), older age (pooled OR: 1.07; 1.05-1.09; p < 0.001) and more negative spherical equivalent refraction, SER (OR: 0.77; 0.68-0.87; p < 0.001), all of which were supported by an acceptable level of evidence. Fundus tessellation was found to independently increase the odds of PM onset in a population-based study (OR: 3.02; 2.58-3.53; p < 0.001), although this was only supported by weak evidence. There was acceptable evidence that greater axial length (pooled OR: 1.23; 1.09-1.39; p < 0.001), more negative SER (pooled OR: 0.87; 0.83-0.92; p < 0.001) and higher education level (pooled OR: 3.17; 1.36-7.35; p < 0.01) increased the odds of PM progression. Other baseline factors found to be associated with PM progression but currently supported by weak evidence included age (pooled OR: 1.01), severity of myopic maculopathy (OR: 3.61), intraocular pressure (OR: 1.62) and hypertension (OR: 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Most PM risk/prognostic factors are not supported by an adequate evidence base at present (an indication that PM remains understudied). Current factors for which an acceptable level of evidence exists (limited in number) are unmodifiable in adults and lack personalised information. More longitudinal studies focusing on uncovering modifiable factors and imaging biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Yii
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Linda Nguyen
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Tatham
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom MacGillivray
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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Ohguro H, Umetsu A, Sato T, Furuhashi M, Watanabe M. Lipid Metabolism Regulators Are the Possible Determinant for Characteristics of Myopic Human Scleral Stroma Fibroblasts (HSSFs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:501. [PMID: 38203671 PMCID: PMC10778967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to elucidate what kinds of responsible mechanisms induce elongation of the sclera in myopic eyes. To do this, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of human scleral stromal fibroblasts (HSSFs) obtained from eyes with two different axial length (AL) groups, <26 mm (low AL group, n = 2) and >27 mm (high AL group, n = 3), were subjected to (1) measurements of Seahorse mitochondrial and glycolytic indices to evaluate biological aspects and (2) analysis by RNA sequencing. Extracellular flux analysis revealed that metabolic indices related to mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were higher in the low AL group than in the high AL group, suggesting that metabolic activities of HSSF cells are different depending the degree of AL. Based upon RNA sequencing of these low and high AL groups, the bioinformatic analyses using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified that sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2) is both a possible upstream regulator and a causal network regulator. Furthermore, SREBF1, insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were detected as upstream regulators, and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) was detected as a causal network regulator. Since those possible regulators were all pivotally involved in lipid metabolisms including fatty acid (FA), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) biosynthesis, the findings reported here indicate that FA, TG and Chol biosynthesis regulation may be responsible mechanisms inducing AL elongation via HSSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
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Tsui MC, Liu HY, Chu HS, Chen WL, Hu FR, Kao WWY, Wang IJ. The versatile roles of lumican in eye diseases: A review. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:388-397. [PMID: 37327869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lumican is a keratan sulfate proteoglycan that belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. Research has lifted the veil on the versatile roles of lumican in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. Lumican has pivotal roles in the maintenance of physiological tissue homogenesis and is often upregulated in pathological conditions, e.g., fibrosis, scar tissue formation in injured tissues, persistent inflammatory responses and immune anomaly, etc. Herein, we will review literature regarding the role of lumican in pathogenesis of inherited congenital and acquired eye diseases, e.g., cornea dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma and chorioretinal diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Tsui
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Regeneration Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Regeneration Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Regeneration Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xiao X, Yang J, Li Y, Yang H, Zhu Y, Li L, Zhou Q, Lu D, Chen T, Tian Y. Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant of ARR3 Related to X-Linked Female-Limited Early-Onset High Myopia and Study on the Effect of X Chromosome Inactivation on the Myopia Severity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030835. [PMID: 36769483 PMCID: PMC9917903 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myopia 26 (Myopia 26, MIM #301010), which is caused by the variants of ARR3 (MIM *301770), is characterized by female-limited early-onset high myopia (eo-HM). Clinical characteristics include a tigroid appearance in the fundus and a temporal crescent of the optic nerve head. At present, the limited literature on eo-HM caused by ARR3 mutations shows that its inheritance mode is complex, which brings certain difficulties to pre-pregnancy genetic counseling, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and prenatal diagnosis. Here, we investigated the genetic underpinning of a Chinese family with eo-HM. Whole exome sequencing of the proband revealed a novel frameshift mutation in ARR3 (NM_004312, exon10, c.666delC, p. Asn222LysfsTer22). Although the mode of inheritance of the eo-HM family fits the X-linked pattern of ARR3, the phenotypes of three patients deviate from the typical early-onset high myopia. Through X-chromosome inactivation experiments, the patient's different phenotypes can be precisely explained. In addition, this study not only enhanced the correlation between ARR3 and early-onset high myopia but also provided explanations for different phenotypes, which may inspire follow-up studies. Our results enrich the knowledge of the variant spectrum in ARR3 and provide critical information for preimplantation and prenatal genetic testing, diagnosis, and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai WeHealth BioMedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yijian Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qinlinglan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Daru Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yafei Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (Y.T.)
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5
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Myopia Genetics and Heredity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030382. [PMID: 35327754 PMCID: PMC8947159 DOI: 10.3390/children9030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is the most common eye condition leading to visual impairment and is greatly influenced by genetics. Over the last two decades, more than 400 associated gene loci have been mapped for myopia and refractive errors via family linkage analyses, candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Lifestyle factors, such as excessive near work and short outdoor time, are the primary external factors affecting myopia onset and progression. Notably, besides becoming a global health issue, myopia is more prevalent and severe among East Asians than among Caucasians, especially individuals of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ancestry. Myopia, especially high myopia, can be serious in consequences. The etiology of high myopia is complex. Prediction for progression of myopia to high myopia can help with prevention and early interventions. Prediction models are thus warranted for risk stratification. There have been vigorous investigations on molecular genetics and lifestyle factors to establish polygenic risk estimations for myopia. However, genes causing myopia have to be identified in order to shed light on pathogenesis and pathway mechanisms. This report aims to examine current evidence regarding (1) the genetic architecture of myopia; (2) currently associated myopia loci identified from the OMIM database, genetic association studies, and NGS studies; (3) gene-environment interactions; and (4) the prediction of myopia via polygenic risk scores (PRSs). The report also discusses various perspectives on myopia genetics and heredity.
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Jiang J, Xu J, Wang Y, Zheng J, Xu D. Correlation Analysis of Dominant Eye and Refractive Error Between Monozygotic Twins. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2631-2635. [PMID: 34168489 PMCID: PMC8216723 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s307602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the correlation of dominant eye and refractive error between monozygotic twins. METHODS The data of dominant eye and refractive error of 13 pairs of monozygotic twins who were treated at the Optometry Clinic were collected. The paired chi-square test and Kappa consistency test were used to analyze the data of dominant eye between monozygotic twins, while the paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the refractive error data. SPSS version 22.0 software was used to analyze the above statistics. RESULTS In the Kappa consistency test of dominant eye between monozygotic twins, Kappa value = 0.451, p = 0.052, p>0.05, and in the paired chi-square test, p = 0.250. In the spherical equivalent paired t test for the right eye of monozygotic twins, t = 1.491 and p = 0.162, while in the spherical equivalent paired t test for the left eye, t = 0.753 and p = 0.466. In the spherical equivalent correlation analysis of monozygotic twins, for the spherical equivalent refraction of the right eye, the Pearson correlation results were r = 0.901 and p = 0.00, and for the spherical equivalent refraction of the left eye, the Pearson correlation results were r = 0.971 and p = 0.00. CONCLUSION The difference in the chi-square test of dominant eye is not statistically significant between monozygotic twins, but dominant eye and refractive error are correlated to some extent. It is suggested that heredity may be the main determinant of the dominant eye. There is no difference in refractive error between identical twins which are highly correlated, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Clinical Optometry Center, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Clinical Optometry Center, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Clinical Optometry Center, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
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Saw SM. A synopsis of the prevalence rates and environmental risk factors for myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 86:289-94. [PMID: 14558850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2002] [Revised: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of myopia are higher in urban Asian cities such as Hong Kong and Singapore. One observation over the past few decades is that the prevalence rates of myopia have been rising and there is an epidemic of myopia in Asia. The age-old question of the roles of nature and nurture in this process remains unanswered. The strongest evidence for an environmental link to myopia is near work activity. Childhood exposure to night lighting has also been explored in different studies but the results have been mixed. Twin studies, segregation analysis and association studies have demonstrated that hereditary factors play an important role in myopia development. The exact nature and interplay of genetic and environmental factors is not known and data suggest that environmental factors may interact with genetic factors to increase the risks of developing myopia. Future research is needed to identify specific modifiable lifestyle factors and genetic markers for myopia. This will enable preventive measures such as health education to be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seang-Mei Saw
- Department of Community Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
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Morgan IG. The biological basis of myopic refractive error. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 86:276-88. [PMID: 14558849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Revised: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is among the most common refractive errors and is associated with the greatest risk of pathological outcomes. Most animals, including humans, are born with hyperopic errors. During development, axial elongation of the eye occurs and is regulated through a vision-dependent process, known as emmetropisation The extremely rapid changes in the prevalence of myopia and the dependence of myopia on the level of education indicate that there are very strong environmental impacts on the development of myopia. This conflicts with the common occurrence of familial patterns of inheritance of myopia, which suggests a role for genetic determination. There are more than 150 defined genetic syndromes in which familial high myopia is one of the features, including some that are not associated with other syndromes. The evidence for the roles of both nature and nurture in the aetiology of myopia is discussed. This review also examines the experimentally induced refractive errors associated with form-deprivation, recovery from form deprivation and the effects of both negative and positive lenses. In addition, it looks at the local and optical control of eye growth. Finally, the various control pathways for growth are considered. These include dopamine, ZENK-glucagon, retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors, crystallin, seratonin and melatonin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and enkephalins, nitric oxide and various growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Morgan
- Visual Sciences Group, Research School of Biological Science and Centre for VIsual Science, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Jeon S, Kim S, Ha S, Lee S, Kim E, Kim SY, Park SH, Jeon JH, Kim SW, Moon C, Nelson BJ, Kim JY, Yu SW, Choi H. Magnetically actuated microrobots as a platform for stem cell transplantation. Sci Robot 2021; 4:4/30/eaav4317. [PMID: 33137727 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aav4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots were developed for three-dimensional culture and the precise delivery of stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Hippocampal neural stem cells attached to the microrobots proliferated and differentiated into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, microrobots were used to transport colorectal carcinoma cancer cells to tumor microtissue in a body-on-a-chip, which comprised an in vitro liver-tumor microorgan network. The microrobots were also controlled in a mouse brain slice and rat brain blood vessel. Last, microrobots carrying mesenchymal stem cells derived from human nose were manipulated inside the intraperitoneal cavity of a nude mouse. The results indicate the potential of microrobots for the culture and delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Jeon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shinwon Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - So Yeun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.,Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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Wang J, Liu F, Song X, Li T. Association of 5p15.2 and 15q14 with high myopia in Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:255. [PMID: 32586281 PMCID: PMC7318420 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms rs6885224 and rs634990 have been reported to be associated with high myopia in many populations. As there is still no report on whether these two SNPs are associated with myopia in the Tujia and Miao minority areas of China, we conducted a replication study to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the regions 5p15.2 and 15q14 with high myopia in Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 5831 cases and 7055 controls to assess whether rs6885224 in the 5p15.2 region and rs634990 in the 15q14 region are associated with high myopia. Our replication study enrolled 804 individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous leukocytes, and these two SNPs were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were analysed using χ2 tests, and ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS According to the results of the meta-analysis, rs6885224 in the CTNND2 gene showed no association with myopia [p = 0.222, OR = 1.154, 95% CI (0.917-1.452)]. Conversely, rs634990 in the 15q14 region did exhibit a significant correlation with myopia [p = 7.270 × 10- 7, OR = 0.817, 95% CI (0.754-0.885)]. In our replication study, no association with high myopia in the Tujia and Miao populations was found for rs634990 or rs6885224. The following were obtained by allele frequency analysis: rs6885224, p = 0.175, OR = 0.845, and 95% CI = 0.662-1.078; rs634990, p = 0.087, OR = 0.84, and the 95% CI = 0.687-1.026. Genotype frequency analysis yielded p = 0.376 for rs6885224 and p = 0.243 for rs634990. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis results show that rs634990 was significantly associated with myopia but that rs6885224 was not. Nevertheless, in our replication study, these two SNPs showed no association with myopia in the Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. This is the first report involving Tujia and Miao ethnic groups from Enshi minority areas. However, the sample size needs to be expanded and more stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria need to be formulated to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China.,Department of Eye Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiusheng Song
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China.
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Liu F, Wang J, Xing Y, Li T. Mutation screening of 17 candidate genes in a cohort of 67 probands with early-onset high myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:271-280. [PMID: 32215939 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect variants in 17 known potentially causative genes for non-syndromic myopia in 67 Tujia Chinese patients with early-onset high myopia (eo-HM). METHODS DNA from 67 unrelated patients with early onset (<7 years old) high myopia (refraction error ≤ -6.00D or axial length > 26 mm) were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). Variants in 17 candidate genes were analysed by multistep bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was used to verify identified candidate mutations and to assess available family members for co-segregation with myopia. RESULTS A multistep systematic analysis of variants in 17 potentially causative genes for eo-HM revealed four novel pathogenic mutations and three potential pathogenic mutations in 4 of 17 genes in 7 of 67 (10.4%) probands. The pathogenic group included one missense mutation (c.100G > C, p.Asp34His) and one splice donor mutation (c.989 + 1G >A) in ARR3, one missense mutation (c.995C > A, p.Thr332Lys) in NDUFAF7 and one novel frameshift mutation (c.726dupA, p.Arg243fs*140) in SLC39A5. The potential pathogenic group included two missense mutations (c.3266A > G, p.Tyr1089Cys; c.913G > A, p.Glu305Lys) in ZNF644 and one missense mutation (c.960T > A, p.His320Gln) in NDUFAF7. Sequence changes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing; all had an allele frequency <0.01 in the 1000G, EVS, ExAC and gnomAD databases. Additionally, both the pathogenic and potentially pathogenic mutations were predicted to be damaging by SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, MutationTaster2, CADD and REVEL except the p.Tyr1089Cys and p.Glu305Lys changes were predicted to be neutral by PROVEAN. CONCLUSION Our research provides more evidence to support the hypothesis that mutations in ARR3, SLC39A5 and NDUFAF7 are disease-causing genes for eo-HM and broadens the eo-HM mutation spectrum among different ethnic groups. It also deepens understanding of the contributions of ARR3, SLC39A5, and NDUFAF7 to eo-HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, China.,Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, China
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Department of Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, China
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Pugazhendhi S, Ambati B, Hunter AA. Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:853-873. [PMID: 32256044 PMCID: PMC7092688 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s241435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities. INTRODUCTION Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development. METHODS A review of literature was conducted. PubMed and Medline were searched for combinations and derivatives of the keywords including, but not limited to, "pediatric myopia", "axial elongation", "scleral remodeling" or "atropine." The PubMed and Medline database search were performed for randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the same keyword combinations. RESULTS Studies have reported that detection of genetic correlations and modification of environmental influences may have a significant impact in myopia progression, axial elongation and future myopic ocular complications. The conventional pharmacotherapy of pediatric myopia addresses the improvement in visual acuity and prevention of amblyopia but does not affect axial elongation or myopia progression. Several studies have published varying treatments, including optical, pharmacological and surgical management, which show great promise for a more precise control of myopia and preservation of ocular health. DISCUSSION Understanding the role of factors influencing the onset and progression of pediatric myopia will facilitate the development of successful treatments, reduction of disease burden, arrest of progression and improvement in future of the management of myopia.
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13
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Zhang JS, Wang JD, Zhu GY, Li J, Xiong Y, Yusufu M, He HL, Sun XL, Ma TJ, Tao Y, He SZ, Wan XH. The expression of cytokines in aqueous humor of high myopic patients with cataracts. Mol Vis 2020; 26:150-157. [PMID: 32180680 PMCID: PMC7058430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the expression of 440 human cytokines in aqueous humor of high myopic patients with cataracts. Methods Eighty-five patients with cataracts were recruited in this study. In the screening stage, the RayBio G-Series Human Cytokine Antibody Array 440 was used to assay the aqueous humor samples collected from nine high myopic patients with cataracts and eight non-myopic patients with cataracts right before the surgery. The array was further used for verification of the screened cytokines, with aqueous humor samples obtained from 34 eyes of high myopic patients with cataracts and 34 eyes of non-myopic patients with cataracts. Results Compared with the non-myopic patients with cataracts, the expression levels of decorin, receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16), β-inducible gene-h3 (bIG-H3), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), and interleukin-17B (IL-17B) were statistically significantly higher in high myopic patients with cataracts (all p<0.000114). The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level also increased in the aqueous humor of high myopic patients with cataracts (p = 0.0034). The concentrations of ANG-1 and MMP-2 were also increased in the aqueous humor of the confirmatory stage (all p<0.05). Conclusions In this study, numerous cytokines in aqueous humor were detected in high myopic patients with cataracts and non-myopic patients with cataracts, and it was confirmed that the MMP-2 level in the aqueous humor of patients with high myopia was statistically significantly increased. Further verification also revealed the elevation of ANG-1 in the aqueous humor of high myopic patients with cataracts, which suggests that ANG-1 may be related to the pathogenesis of high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Da Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Yu Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Long He
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Li Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Ju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou Zhi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Hua Wan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Ouyang J, Sun W, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Zhou L, Wang P, Zhang Q. CPSF1 mutations are associated with early-onset high myopia and involved in retinal ganglion cell axon projection. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1959-1970. [PMID: 30689892 PMCID: PMC6548346 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is a severe form of nearsightedness, which can result in blindness due to its associated complications. While both genetic and environmental factors can cause high myopia, early-onset high myopia (eoHM), which is defined as high myopia that occurs before school age, is considered to be caused mainly by genetic variations, with minimal environmental involvement. Here we report six rare heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants in CPSF1 that were identified in six of 623 probands with eoHM but none of 2657 probands with other forms of genetic eye diseases; this difference was statistically significant (P = 4.60 × 10−5, Fisher’s exact test). The six variants, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, were c.3862_3871dup (p.F1291*), c.2823_2824del (p.V943Lfs*65), c.1858C>T (p.Q620*), c.15C>G (p.Y5*), c.3823G>T (p.D1275Y) and c.4146-2A>G. Five of these six variants were absent in existing databases, including gnomAD, 1000G and EVS. The remaining variant, c.4146-2A>G, was present in gnomAD with a frequency of 1/229918. Clinical data demonstrated eoHM in the six probands with these mutations. Knockdown of cpsf1 by morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) injection in zebrafish eggs resulted in small eye size in 84.38% of the injected larvae, and this phenotype was rescued in 61.39% of the zebrafish eggs when the cpsf1 MO and the cpsf1 mRNA were co-injected. The projection of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) towards the tectum was abnormal in cpsf1 morphants. Thus, we demonstrated that heterozygous LoF mutations in CPSF1 are associated with eoHM and that CPSF1 may play an important role in the development of RGC axon projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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15
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Cai XB, Shen SR, Chen DF, Zhang Q, Jin ZB. An overview of myopia genetics. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Musolf AM, Simpson CL, Alexander TA, Portas L, Murgia F, Ciner EB, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE. Genome-wide scans of myopia in Pennsylvania Amish families reveal significant linkage to 12q15, 8q21.3 and 5p15.33. Hum Genet 2019; 138:339-354. [PMID: 30826882 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in the world, yet the genetic etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Specialized founder populations, such as the Pennsylvania Amish, provide the opportunity to utilize exclusive genomic architecture, like unique haplotypes, to better understand the genetic causes of myopia. We perform genetic linkage analysis on Pennsylvania Amish families that have a strong familial history of myopia to map any potential causal variants and genes for the disease. 293 individuals from 25 extended families were genotyped on the Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. We coded myopia affection as a binary phenotype; myopia was defined as having a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of less than or equal to - 1 D (diopters). Two-point and multipoint parametric linkage analyses were performed under an autosomal dominant model. When allowing for locus heterogeneity, we identified two novel genome-wide significantly linked variants at 12q15 (heterogeneity LOD, HLOD = 3.77) in PTPRB and at 8q21.3 (HLOD = 3.35) in CNGB3. We identified further three genome-wide significant variants within a single family. These three variants were located in exons of SLC6A18 at 5p15.33 (LODs ranged from 3.51 to 3.37). Multipoint analysis confirmed the significant signal at 5p15.33 with six genome-wide significant variants (LODs ranged from 3.6 to 3.3). Further suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in several other regions of the genome. All three novel linked regions contain strong candidate genes, especially CNGB3 on 8q21.3, which has been shown to affect photoreceptors and cause complete color blindness. Whole genome sequencing on these regions is planned to conclusively elucidate the causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Claire L Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Alexander
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elise B Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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17
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Tedja MS, Haarman AEG, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaprio J, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M89-M105. [PMID: 30817828 PMCID: PMC6892384 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - for the CREAM Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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18
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Mohanty V, Subbannayya Y, Najar MA, Pinto SM, Kasaragod S, Karuppiah H, Sreeramulu B, Singh KK, Dalal S, Manikkoth S, Arunachalam C, Prasad TSK, Murthy KR. Proteomics and Visual Health Research: Proteome of the Human Sclera Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:98-110. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varshasnata Mohanty
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammed Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sandeep Kasaragod
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Hilda Karuppiah
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - Kunal Kumar Singh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Shyamjith Manikkoth
- Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Cynthia Arunachalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Krishna R. Murthy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Abstract
Myopia occurs in more than 50% of the population in many industrialized countries and is expected to increase; complications associated with axial elongation from myopia are the sixth leading cause of blindness. Thus, understanding its etiology, epidemiology, and the results of various treatment regiments may modify current care and result in a reduction in morbidity from progressive myopia. This rapid increase cannot be explained by genetics alone. Current animal and human research demonstrates that myopia development is a result of the interplay between genetic and the environmental factors. The prevalence of myopia is higher in individuals whose both parents are myopic, suggesting that genetic factors are clearly involved in myopia development. At the same time, population studies suggest that development of myopia is associated with education and the amount time spent doing near work; hence, activities increase the exposure to optical blur. Recently, there has been an increase in efforts to slow the progression of myopia because of its relationship to the development of serious pathological conditions such as macular degeneration, retinal detachments, glaucoma, and cataracts. We reviewed meta-analysis and other of current treatments that include: atropine, progressive addition spectacle lenses, orthokeratology, and multifocal contact lenses.
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21
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Li J, Zhang Q. Insight into the molecular genetics of myopia. Mol Vis 2017; 23:1048-1080. [PMID: 29386878 PMCID: PMC5757860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Studies on the molecular genetics of myopia are well established and have implicated the important role of genetic factors. With linkage analysis, association studies, sequencing analysis, and experimental myopia studies, many of the loci and genes associated with myopia have been identified. Thus far, there has been no systemic review of the loci and genes related to non-syndromic and syndromic myopia based on the different approaches. Such a systemic review of the molecular genetics of myopia will provide clues to identify additional plausible genes for myopia and help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying myopia. This paper reviews recent genetic studies on myopia, summarizes all possible reported genes and loci related to myopia, and suggests implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Abstract
The incidence of myopia is constantly on the rise. Patients of high myopia and pathological myopia are young and can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With the emergence of new technologies such as swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly. New conditions such as myopic traction maculopathy have been defined. Early, noninvasive detection of myopic choroidal neovascularization and its differentiation from lacquer cracks is possible with a greater degree of certainty. We discuss the impact of these new exciting and promising technologies and management of macular pathology in myopia. Incorporation of OCT in the microscope has also improved macular surgery. New concepts such as fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling have emerged. A review of literature and our experience in managing all these conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Kumawat
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ganesh Pillay
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Li J, Jiao X, Zhang Q, Hejtmancik JF. Association and interaction of myopia with SNP markers rs13382811 and rs6469937 at ZFHX1B and SNTB1 in Han Chinese and European populations. Mol Vis 2017; 23:588-604. [PMID: 28848321 PMCID: PMC5561140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified rs13382811 (near ZFHX1B) and rs6469937 (near SNTB1) to be associated with high myopia. The present study evaluates the association of these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with moderate to high myopia in two Chinese cohorts and two cohorts of European populations. METHODS Two Chinese university student cohorts, including one with 300 unrelated subjects with high myopia and 308 emmetropic controls from Guangzhou and a second with 96 unrelated individuals with moderate to high myopia and 96 emmetropic controls of Chaoshanese origin in Guangzhou, were enrolled in this study. Two SNPs, rs6469937 and rs13382811, were selected for genotyping based on their reported associations with severe myopia. The SNPs were genotyped via DNA sequencing. In addition, association analysis of both SNPs was performed using genotype data from the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) involving a total of 2,423 samples in two independent cohorts of European-derived populations, as follows: Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA) and TwinsUK. The allelic and genotypic distribution among cases and controls were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the SNP-SNP interaction. Fisher's exact test was used for two-SNP comparisons. RESULTS In the Guangzhou cohort, SNP rs13382811 near ZFHX1B showed significant association with high myopia (pallelic = 0.0001, pgenotypic = 4.07 × 10-5), with the minor T allele showing an increased risk of high myopia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-2.20). SNP rs6469937 near SNTB1 showed nominal evidence of association (pallelic = 0.0085, pgenotypic = 0.0166), which did not withstand correction for multiple testing. No significant association was detected in the smaller Chaoshan cohort alone. The association of SNPs rs13382811 and rs6469937 remained significant when both Han Chinese cohorts were combined (pallelic = 0.0033 and 0.0016, respectively), and it was also significant under the genotypic test (pgenotypic = 0.0036 and 0.0053, respectively). When both SNPs were considered together under a recessive model, their significance increased (p = 8.37 × 10-4), as did their effect (OR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.7-9.8). The association between either of these two SNPs alone and myopia did not replicate significantly in the combined cohorts of European descent, providing only suggestive results (pallelic = 0.0088 for rs13382811 and pallelic = 0.0319 for rs6469937). However, the effects of the combined SNPs showed significant association (p = 8.2 × 10-4; OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.2-2.0). While the risk for myopia increased with risk alleles from both SNPs, the increase was additive rather representing a multiplicative interaction in both populations. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the two susceptibility loci ZFHX1B and SNTB1 are associated with moderate to high myopia in a Han Chinese population, as well as in a European population, when both SNPs are combined. These results confirm previous reports of their associations, extend these observations to a European population, and suggest that additional interactive and possibly population-specific genetic or environmental factors may affect their contribution to myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Kloss BA, Tompson SW, Whisenhunt KN, Quow KL, Huang SJ, Pavelec DM, Rosenberg T, Young TL. Exome Sequence Analysis of 14 Families With High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1982-1990. [PMID: 28384719 PMCID: PMC5382835 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify causal gene mutations in 14 families with autosomal dominant (AD) high myopia using exome sequencing. Methods Select individuals from 14 large Caucasian families with high myopia were exome sequenced. Gene variants were filtered to identify potential pathogenic changes. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm variants in original DNA, and to test for disease cosegregation in additional family members. Candidate genes and chromosomal loci previously associated with myopic refractive error and its endophenotypes were comprehensively screened. Results In 14 high myopia families, we identified 73 rare and 31 novel gene variants as candidates for pathogenicity. In seven of these families, two of the novel and eight of the rare variants were within known myopia loci. A total of 104 heterozygous nonsynonymous rare variants in 104 genes were identified in 10 out of 14 probands. Each variant cosegregated with affection status. No rare variants were identified in genes known to cause myopia or in genes closest to published genome-wide association study association signals for refractive error or its endophenotypes. Conclusions Whole exome sequencing was performed to determine gene variants implicated in the pathogenesis of AD high myopia. This study provides new genes for consideration in the pathogenesis of high myopia, and may aid in the development of genetic profiling of those at greatest risk for attendant ocular morbidities of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Kloss
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kristina N Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Krystina L Quow
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Samuel J Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Derek M Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Thomas Rosenberg
- The National Eye Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark 5Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Enlargement of the Axial Length and Altered Ultrastructural Features of the Sclera in a Mutant Lumican Transgenic Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163165. [PMID: 27711221 PMCID: PMC5053428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumican (LUM) is a candidate gene for myopia in the MYP3 locus. In this study, a mutant lumican (L199P) transgenic mouse model was established to investigate the axial length changes and ultrastructural features of the sclera. The mouse model was established by pronuclear microinjection. Transgenic mice and wild-type B6 mice were killed at eight weeks of age. Gene expression levels of LUM and collagen type I (COL1) in the sclera were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis. Ocular axial lengths were measured on the enucleated whole eye under a dissecting microscope. Ultrastructural features of collagen fibrils in the sclera were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lumican and collagen type I were both elevated at the transcriptional and protein levels. The mean axial length of eyes in the transgenic mice was significantly longer than that in the wild-type mice (3,231.0 ± 11.2 μm (transgenic group) vs 3,199.7 ± 11.1 μm (controls), p<0.05 =). Some ultrastructural changes were observed in the sclera of the transgenic mice under TEM, such as evident lamellar disorganizations and abnormal inter-fibril spacing. The average collagen fibril diameter was smaller than that in their wild-type counterparts. These results indicate that the ectopic mutant lumican (L199P) may induce enlargement of axial lengths and abnormal structures and distributions of collagen fibrils in mouse sclera. This transgenic mouse model can be used for the mechanistic study of myopia.
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Abstract
Myopia is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. In particular, high myopia is associated with serious blinding complications, including retinal detachment, chorioretinal degeneration, and choroidal neovascularization. Myopia is multifactorial in etiology, resulting from the interaction of environmental and genetic risk factors. During the past 2 decades, a large number of gene loci and variants have been identified for myopia. There are more than 20 myopia-associated loci spanning all chromosomes. Earlier findings were obtained mainly from family linkage analyses and candidate gene studies, and more recent results are principally from genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing. Some genetic associations have been successfully validated and replicated in populations of different geographic localities and ethnicities, but some have not. Compared with Whites, Asian populations-in particular Japanese, Korean, and Chinese-have a much higher prevalence of myopia, especially high myopia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to such ethnic variations. This review attempts to summarize and compare the allelic frequencies of gene variants known to be associated with myopia in different ethnic groups, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Song Rong
- From the *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong; and †Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Zidan HE, Rezk NA, Fouda SM, Mattout HK. Association of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Different Types of Myopia in Egyptian Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:291-6. [PMID: 27167306 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene's rs6214 and rs5742632 polymorphisms on IGF-1 expression levels and their association with different types of myopia in Egyptian patients. METHODS A case-control format was used that included 272 patients with myopia and 136 controls. The IGF-1 gene rs6214 and rs5742632 polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses. IGF-1 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In patients with high-grade myopia, the frequencies of the IGF-1 rs6214 GA and AA genotypes, and the A allele were significantly increased compared to the control group: 41.9% vs. 33.8%, 17.7% vs. 8.9%, and 38.9% vs. 25.7%, respectively. Subjects with the GA and AA genotypes and carriers of A allele were significantly more likely to have high-grade myopia: odds ratios (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-2.9, and p = 0.03; OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-6.0, and p = 0.003; and OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.25-2.61, and p = 0.001, respectively. A nonsignificant association of the IGF-1 gene rs5742632 polymorphism with the two myopia groups was also observed. The IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with high-grade myopia and simple myopia compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, our results showed a nonsignificant association of the IGF-1 (rs6214-rs5742632) haplotype with either simple myopia or high-grade myopia. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association of the IGF-1 gene rs6214 polymorphism in Egyptian patients with simple myopia and high-grade myopia. IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in relation to the IGF-1 rs6214 genotypes, while a nonsignificant association was found between IGF-1 level and the IGF-1 (rs5742632) genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy E Zidan
- 1 Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha A Rezk
- 1 Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh M Fouda
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hala K Mattout
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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Chen X, Xu Y, Yin F, Zhang Z, Wong DWK, Wong TY, Liu J. Multiple ocular diseases detection based on joint sparse multi-task learning. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:5260-3. [PMID: 26737478 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a multiple ocular diseases detection scheme based on joint sparse multi-task learning. Glaucoma, Pathological Myopia (PM), and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are three major causes of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. The proposed joint sparse multitask learning framework aims to reconstruct a test fundus image with multiple features from as few training subjects as possible. The linear version of this problem could be casted into a multi-task joint covariate selection model, which can be very efficiently optimized via kernelizable accelerated proximal gradient method. Extensive experiments are conducted in order to validate the proposed framework on the SiMES dataset. From the Area Under Curve (AUC) results in multiple ocular diseases classification, our method is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms.
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Meng B, LI SM, Yang Y, Yang ZR, Sun F, Kang MT, Sun YY, Ran AR, Wang JN, Yan R, BaI YW, Wang NL, Zhan SY. The association of TGFB1 genetic polymorphisms with high myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20355-20367. [PMID: 26884952 PMCID: PMC4723797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The TGFB1 gene is among the most studied genes in high myopia due to its role in scleral remodeling. But reported findings of association on TGFB1 and high myopia are inconsistent. This present study is to evaluate the association of TGFB1 polymorphisms and high myopia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on studies published up to April 5, 2015. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated by Cochran Q statistic test and the I(2) index. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by the approach of one-study remove to assess the influence of single study on the combined effect. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this study for meta-analysis. Rs1982073 was associated with high myopia in dominant model (OR=1.64; 95% CI=1.04~2.58; P<0.05), heterozygous model (OR=1.54; 95% CI=1.02~2.33; P<0.05), homozygous model (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.01~3.55; P=0.05) and allelic model (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.01~1.84; P=0.05). However, there was no statistical significance when Bonferroni correction was considered. Rs4803455 was associated with high myopia in recessive model (OR=0.40; 95% CI=0.25~0.64; P<0.01) and homozygous model (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.26~0.68; P<0.01). Rs1800469 was associated with high myopia in allelic model (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.64~0.96; P<0.05). And the associations can withstand Bonferroni correction in models mentioned above when referring to rs4803455 (P<0.01) and rs1800469 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis of existing data revealed a suggestive association of TGFB1 rs1982073 and rs4803455 with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Shi-Ming LI
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Meng-Tian Kang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Yun-Yun Sun
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - An-Ran Ran
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ya-Wen BaI
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Si-Yan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
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Li YT, Xie MK, Wu J. Association between Ocular Axial Length-Related Genes and High Myopia in a Han Chinese Population. Ophthalmologica 2015; 235:57-60. [PMID: 26485405 DOI: 10.1159/000439446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A previous genome-wide association study of high myopia identified five genome-wide loci for ocular axial length (C3orf26, ZC3H11B, RSPO1, GJD2, and ZNRF3). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between high myopia and genetic variants in the five loci in Han Chinese subjects. METHODS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 296 unrelated high-myopia subjects and 300 matched emmetropic controls by the SNaPshot method. The distribution of genotypes in the cases and controls was compared in codominant, dominant, and recessive genetic models by using SNPStats online software. RESULTS Significant associations between rs994767 near ZC3H11B (p = 0.001), rs4074961 in RSPO1 (p < 0.001), and rs11073058 in GJD2 (p = 0.029) and high myopia were observed. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.532 (1.200-1.955), 1.603 (1.267-2.029), and 1.290 (1.027-1.621) for the rs994767 T allele, rs4074961 T allele, and rs11073058 T allele, respectively. But rs9811920 in C3orf26 and rs12321 in ZNRF3 were not associated with high myopia. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that genetic variants in ZC3H11B, RSPO1, and GJD2 are associated with susceptibility to the development of high myopia in a Han Chinese population. Functional roles of ZC3H11B, RSPO1, and GJD2 in the pathology of high myopia need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Tkatchenko AV, Tkatchenko TV, Guggenheim JA, Verhoeven VJM, Hysi PG, Wojciechowski R, Singh PK, Kumar A, Thinakaran G, Williams C. APLP2 Regulates Refractive Error and Myopia Development in Mice and Humans. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005432. [PMID: 26313004 PMCID: PMC4551475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common vision disorder and the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. However, gene variants identified to date explain less than 10% of the variance in refractive error, leaving the majority of heritability unexplained (“missing heritability”). Previously, we reported that expression of APLP2 was strongly associated with myopia in a primate model. Here, we found that low-frequency variants near the 5’-end of APLP2 were associated with refractive error in a prospective UK birth cohort (n = 3,819 children; top SNP rs188663068, p = 5.0 × 10−4) and a CREAM consortium panel (n = 45,756 adults; top SNP rs7127037, p = 6.6 × 10−3). These variants showed evidence of differential effect on childhood longitudinal refractive error trajectories depending on time spent reading (gene x time spent reading x age interaction, p = 4.0 × 10−3). Furthermore, Aplp2 knockout mice developed high degrees of hyperopia (+11.5 ± 2.2 D, p < 1.0 × 10−4) compared to both heterozygous (-0.8 ± 2.0 D, p < 1.0 × 10−4) and wild-type (+0.3 ± 2.2 D, p < 1.0 × 10−4) littermates and exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in susceptibility to environmentally induced myopia (F(2, 33) = 191.0, p < 1.0 × 10−4). This phenotype was associated with reduced contrast sensitivity (F(12, 120) = 3.6, p = 1.5 × 10−4) and changes in the electrophysiological properties of retinal amacrine cells, which expressed Aplp2. This work identifies APLP2 as one of the “missing” myopia genes, demonstrating the importance of a low-frequency gene variant in the development of human myopia. It also demonstrates an important role for APLP2 in refractive development in mice and humans, suggesting a high level of evolutionary conservation of the signaling pathways underlying refractive eye development. Gene variants identified by GWAS studies to date explain only a small fraction of myopia cases because myopia represents a complex disorder thought to be controlled by dozens or even hundreds of genes. The majority of genetic variants underlying myopia seems to be of small effect and/or low frequency, which makes them difficult to identify using classical genetic approaches, such as GWAS, alone. Here, we combined gene expression profiling in a monkey model of myopia, human GWAS, and a gene-targeted mouse model of myopia to identify one of the “missing” myopia genes, APLP2. We found that a low-frequency risk allele of APLP2 confers susceptibility to myopia only in children exposed to large amounts of daily reading, thus, providing an experimental example of the long-hypothesized gene-environment interaction between nearwork and genes underlying myopia. Functional analysis of APLP2 using an APLP2 knockout mouse model confirmed functional significance of APLP2 in refractive development and implicated a potential role of synaptic transmission at the level of glycinergic amacrine cells of the retina for the development of myopia. Furthermore, mouse studies revealed that lack of Aplp2 has a dose-dependent suppressive effect on susceptibility to form-deprivation myopia, providing a potential gene-specific target for therapeutic intervention to treat myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Tkatchenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatiana V. Tkatchenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Statistical Genetics Section, Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Soler VJ, Malecaze FJ, Salmon L, Cassagne M. Risk Factors for Progressive Myopia in the Atropine Therapy for Myopia Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:395-6. [PMID: 26187883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang Q. Genetics of Refraction and Myopia. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:269-79. [PMID: 26310160 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors play roles in the development of refractive errors. Identification of genes involved in refractive errors may help in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism related to both genetic defects and environmental pressure. Recent development of techniques for genome wide analysis provides unique opportunity in dissecting the genetic basis related to refractive errors. This chapter tries to give a brief overview on the recent progress of genetic study of refractive errors, especially myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Guo L, Du X, Lu C, Zhang WH. Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene rs12423791 or rs6214 Polymorphisms and High Myopia: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129707. [PMID: 26076017 PMCID: PMC4468052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene rs12423791 and rs6214 polymorphisms with high myopia. Methods An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biological Abstract Database for articles published prior to May 6, 2014. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.1 and Stata 12.0, and the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in fixed or random effects models based on the results of the Q test. The subgroup analysis was conducted on the basis of the various regions, the sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the stability of the results, and the publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression analysis. Results This comprehensive meta-analysis included 2808 high myopia patients and 2778 controls from five unrelated studies. The results demonstrated that the significant association was not present in any genetic models between IGF-1 rs12423791 or rs6214 and high myopia. However, subgroup analysis indicated that rs12423791 polymorphism was associated with high myopia in the Chinese populations in the allelic contrast model (C vs. G: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.04-1.48 in the fixed-effects model), the dominant model (CC+CG vs. GG: OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16-1.69 in the fixed-effects model), and the codominant model (CG vs. GG: OR=1.37, 95% CI= 1.12-1.68 in the fixed-effects model). Additionally, none of the individual studies significantly affected the association between IGF-1 rs12423791 and high myopia, according to sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that IGF-1 rs12423791 or rs6214 gene polymorphism is not associated with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Du
- Department of laboratory, Center for the primary and secondary school health promotion, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Centre, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
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Zhou L, Li T, Song X, Li Y, Li H, Dan H. NYX mutations in four families with high myopia with or without CSNB1. Mol Vis 2015; 21:213-23. [PMID: 25802485 PMCID: PMC4357032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the NYX gene are known to cause complete congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB1), which is always accompanied by high myopia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between NYX mutations and high myopia with or without CSNB1. METHODS Four Chinese families having high myopia with or without CSNB1 and 96 normal controls were recruited. We searched for mutations in the NYX gene using Sanger sequencing. Further analyses of the detected variations in the available family members were performed, and the frequencies of the detected variations in 96 normal controls were determined to verify our deduction. The effect of each variation on the nyctalopin protein was predicted using online tools. RESULTS Four potential pathogenic variations in the NYX gene were found in four families with high myopia with or without CSNB1. Three of the four variants were novel (c.626G>C; c.121delG; c.335T>C). The previously identified variant, c.529_530delGCinsAT, was found in an isolated highly myopic patient and an affected brother, but the other affected brother did not carry the same variation. Further linkage analyses of this family showed a coinheritance of markers at MYP1. These four mutations were not identified in the 96 normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study expands the mutation spectrum of NYX for cases of high myopia with CSNB1; however, more evidence is needed to elucidate the pathogenic effects of NYX on isolated high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China,Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiusheng Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China,Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Dan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Srivastava R, Liu H, Chen X, Duan L, Kee Wong DW, Kwoh CK, Wong TY, Liu J. A survey on computer aided diagnosis for ocular diseases. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2014; 14:80. [PMID: 25175552 PMCID: PMC4163681 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-14-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD), which can automate the detection process for ocular diseases, has attracted extensive attention from clinicians and researchers alike. It not only alleviates the burden on the clinicians by providing objective opinion with valuable insights, but also offers early detection and easy access for patients. Method We review ocular CAD methodologies for various data types. For each data type, we investigate the databases and the algorithms to detect different ocular diseases. Their advantages and shortcomings are analyzed and discussed. Result We have studied three types of data (i.e., clinical, genetic and imaging) that have been commonly used in existing methods for CAD. The recent developments in methods used in CAD of ocular diseases (such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Age-related Macular Degeneration and Pathological Myopia) are investigated and summarized comprehensively. Conclusion While CAD for ocular diseases has shown considerable progress over the past years, the clinical importance of fully automatic CAD systems which are able to embed clinical knowledge and integrate heterogeneous data sources still show great potential for future breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Institute for Infocomm Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore.
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Physiopathologie de la myopie, entre hérédité et environnement. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Qiang Y, Li W, Wang Q, He K, Li Z, Chen J, Song Z, Qu J, Zhou X, Qin S, Shen J, Wen Z, Ji J, Shi Y. Association study of 15q14 and 15q25 with high myopia in the Han Chinese population. BMC Genet 2014; 15:51. [PMID: 24767175 PMCID: PMC4014749 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractive errors and high myopia are the most common ocular disorders, and both of them are leading causes of blindness in the world. Recently, genetic association studies in European and Japanese population identified that common genetic variations located in 15q14 and 15q25 were associated with high myopia. To validate whether the same variations conferred risk to high myopia in the Han Chinese population, we genotyped 1,461 individuals (940 controls and 521 cases samples) recruited of Han Chinese origin. RESULT We found rs8027411 in 15q25 (P = 0.012 after correction, OR = 0.78) was significantly associated with high myopia but rs634990 in 15q14 (P = 0.54 after correction), OR = 0.88) was not. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported that 15q25 is a susceptibility locus for high myopia, and gene RASGRF1 was possible to play a role in the pathology of high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Kuanjun He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Jia Qu
- Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325003, P.R China
| | | | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Zujia Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Jue Ji
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, 299 Xiehe Road, Shanghai 200042, P.R China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, P.R China
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Bracun A, Ellis AD, Hall C. A retinoscopic survey of 333 horses and ponies in the UK. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 17 Suppl 1:90-6. [PMID: 24636019 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophthalmic examination in the horse is generally limited to crude assessment of vision and screening for ocular lesions. The refractive state of equine eyes and the potential impact on vision and performance requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE To assess the refractive state of a large, mixed-breed sample of horses and ponies in the United Kingdom (UK). PROCEDURE The refractive state of both eyes of 333 horses and ponies was determined by streak retinoscopy, and the effect of age, height, gender, breed and management regime on the refractive state assessed. RESULTS Emmetropia was found in 557 of 666 (83.63%) of eyes; 228/333 (68.5%) of the horses/ponies were emmetropic in both eyes. Refractive errors of greater than 1.50 D (in either direction) were found in 2.7% of the eyes tested. Ametropic eyes included hyperopia (54%) and myopia (46%). Anisometropia was found in 30.3% of horses and ponies. Breed of horse/pony was the only factor that affected refractive state (in the left eye only, P < 0.05) with Thoroughbred crosses having a tendency toward myopia and Warmbloods/Shires toward hyperopia. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The retinoscopic survey found emmetropia to be the predominant refractive state of the equine eye with no evidence of an overall trend toward myopia or hyperopia. However, individual and breed-related differences were found. Such factors should be considered in the selection of horses for sport and leisure, and when evaluating their performance potential. More comprehensive visual testing would be valuable in identifying underlying causes of behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bracun
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, NG 25 0QF, UK
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Ahmed I, Rasool S, Jan T, Qureshi T, Naykoo NA, Andrabi KI. TGIF1 is a potential candidate gene for high myopia in ethnic Kashmiri population. Curr Eye Res 2013; 39:282-90. [PMID: 24215395 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.841950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High myopia is a complex disorder that imposes serious consequences on ocular health. Linkage analysis has identified several genetic loci with a series of potential candidate genes that reveal an ambiguous pattern of association with high myopia due to population heterogeneity. We have accordingly chosen to examine the prospect of association of one such gene [transforming growth β-induced factor 1 (TGIF1)] in population that is purely ethnic (Kashmiri) and represents a homogeneous cohort from Northern India. METHODS Cases with high myopia with a spherical equivalent of ≥-6 diopters (D) and emmetropic controls with spherical equivalent within ±0.5 D in one or both eyes represented by a sample size of 212 ethnic Kashmiri subjects and 239 matched controls. Genomic DNA was genotyped for sequence variations in TGIF1 gene and allele frequencies tested for Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Potential association was evaluated using χ(2) or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Two previously reported missense variations C > T, rs4468717 (first base of codon 143) changing proline to serine and rs2229333 (second base of codon 143) changing proline to leucine were identified in exon 10 of TGIF1. Both variations exhibited possibly significant (p < 0.05) association with the disease phenotype. Since the variant allele frequency of both the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cases is higher than controls with odds ratio greater than 1.Therefore, variant allele of both the single-nucleotide polymorphisms represents the possible risk factor for myopia in the Kashmiri population. In silico predictions show that substitutions are likely to have an impact on the structure and functional properties of the protein, making it imperative to understand their functional consequences in relation to high myopia. CONCLUSIONS TGIF1 is a relevant candidate gene with potential to contribute in the genesis of high myopia.
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Liao X, Yang XB, Liao M, Lan CJ, Liu LQ. Association between lumican gene -1554 T/C polymorphism and high myopia in Asian population: a meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:696-701. [PMID: 24195052 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.05.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between lumican gene -1554 T/C polymorphism and high myopia susceptibility. METHODS We searched the published literature in the Medline, Embase, and CBM databases from inception to July 2013. A meta-analysis was performed by the programs RevMan 5.1 and Stata 12.0, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated in fixed or random effect model based on heterogeneity test among studies. RESLUTS Seven case-control studies with a total of 1 233 cases and 936 controls were included. A statistical significant association with high myopia was observed in the recessive model (TT vs CT+CC: OR=1.92; 95%CI=1.14-3.23) and codominant model (TT vs CT: OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.19-2.75). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggested that lumican -1554 T/C polymorphism might be moderately associated with high myopia susceptibility. This conclusion warrants confirmation by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, Sichuan Province, China
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Miyake M, Yamashiro K, Nakanishi H, Nakata I, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Tsujikawa A, Moriyama M, Ohno-Matsui K, Mochizuki M, Yamada R, Matsuda F, Yoshimura N. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is not associated with high myopia in a large Japanese cohort. Mol Vis 2013; 19:1074-81. [PMID: 23734076 PMCID: PMC3668686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether genetic variations in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene are associated with high myopia in Japanese. METHODS A total of 1,339 unrelated Japanese patients with high myopia (axial length ≥26 mm in both eyes) and two independent control groups were evaluated (334 cataract patients without high myopia and 1,194 healthy Japanese individuals). The mean axial length (mm±SD) in the case group was 29.18±1.85 mm, and the mean spherical equivalent (D±SD) of the phakic eyes was -12.69±4.54 D. We genotyped five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGF-1: rs6214, rs978458, rs5742632, rs12423791, and rs2162679. Chi-square tests for trend, multivariable logistic regression, and haplotype regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS We found no significant association between the IGF-1 SNPs and high or extreme myopia (axial length ≥28 mm in both eyes, 837 subjects) in the additive model, even when compared with the cataract and general population controls, with or without adjustments for age and sex. The evaluation using dominant and recessive models also did not reveal any significant associations. The haplotype analysis with a variable-sized sliding-window strategy also showed a lack of association of IGF-1 SNPs with high or extreme myopia. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study using a Japanese subset do not support the proposal that the IGF-1 gene determines susceptibility to high or extreme myopia in Caucasians and Chinese. Further studies are needed to confirm our reports in other populations and to identify the underlying genetic determinants of these ocular pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Nakata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akagi-Kurashige
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Muka Moriyama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan
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Yiu WC, Yap MKH, Fung WY, Ng PW, Yip SP. Genetic susceptibility to refractive error: association of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) with high myopia in Chinese. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61805. [PMID: 23637909 PMCID: PMC3630195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common ocular disease worldwide. We investigated the association of high myopia with the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five candidate genes – early growth response 1 (EGR1), v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), jun oncogene (JUN), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2). We recruited 1200 unrelated Chinese subjects with 600 cases (spherical equivalent ≤−8.00 diopters) and 600 controls (spherical equivalent within ±1.00 diopter). A discovery sample set was formed from 300 cases and 300 controls, and a replication sample set from the remaining samples. Tag SNPs were genotyped for the discovery sample set, and the most significant haplotypes and their constituent SNPs were followed up with the replication sample set. The allele and haplotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared by logistic regression adjusted for sex and age to give Pa values, and multiple comparisons were corrected by permutation test to give Paemp values. Odd ratios (OR) were calculated accordingly. In the discovery phase, EGR1, JUN and VIP did not show any significant association while FOS and VIPR2 demonstrated significant haplotype association with high myopia. In the replication phase, the haplotype association for VIPR2 was successfully replicated, but not FOS. In analysis combining both sample sets, the most significant association signals of VIPR2 were the single marker rs2071625 (Pa = 0.0008, Paemp = 0.0046 and OR = 0.75) and the 4-SNP haplotype window rs2071623-rs2071625-rs2730220-rs885863 (omnibus test, Pa = 9.10e-10 and Paemp = 0.0001) with one protective haplotype (GGGG: Paemp = 0.0002 and OR = 0.52) and one high-risk haplotype (GAGA: Paemp = 0.0027 and OR = 4.68). This 4-SNP haplotype window was the most significant in all sample sets examined. This is the first study to suggest a role of VIPR2 in the genetic susceptibility to high myopia. EGR1, JUN, FOS and VIP are unlikely to be important in predisposing humans to high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chi Yiu
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao F, Wu J, Xue A, Su Y, Wang X, Lu X, Zhou Z, Qu J, Zhou X. Exome sequencing reveals CCDC111 mutation associated with high myopia. Hum Genet 2013; 132:913-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hawthorne F, Feng S, Metlapally R, Li YJ, Tran-Viet KN, Guggenheim JA, Malecaze F, Calvas P, Rosenberg T, Mackey DA, Venturini C, Hysi PG, Hammond CJ, Young TL. Association mapping of the high-grade myopia MYP3 locus reveals novel candidates UHRF1BP1L, PTPRR, and PPFIA2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2076-86. [PMID: 23422819 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common ocular genetic disease for which over 20 candidate genomic loci have been identified. The high-grade myopia locus, MYP3, has been reported on chromosome 12q21-23 by four independent linkage studies. METHODS We performed a genetic association study of the MYP3 locus in a family-based high-grade myopia cohort (n = 82) by genotyping 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the linkage region. Qualitative testing for high-grade myopia (sphere ≤ -5 D affected, > -0.5 D unaffected) and quantitative testing on the average dioptric sphere were performed. RESULTS Several genetic markers were nominally significantly associated with high-grade myopia in qualitative testing, including rs3803036, a missense mutation in PTPRR (P = 9.1 × 10(-4)) and rs4764971, an intronic SNP in UHRF1BP1L (P = 6.1 × 10(-4)). Quantitative testing determined statistically significant SNPs rs4764971, also found by qualitative testing (P = 3.1 × 10(-6)); rs7134216, in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of DEPDC4 (P = 5.4 × 10(-7)); and rs17306116, an intronic SNP within PPFIA2 (P < 9 × 10(-4)). Independently conducted whole genome expression array analyses identified protein tyrosine phosphatase genes PTPRR and PPFIA2, which are in the same gene family, as differentially expressed in normal rapidly growing fetal relative to normal adult ocular tissue (confirmed by RT-qPCR). CONCLUSIONS In an independent high-grade myopia cohort, an intronic SNP in UHRF1BP1L, rs4764971, was validated for quantitative association, and SNPs within PTPRR (quantitative) and PPFIA2 (qualitative and quantitative) approached significance. Three genes identified by our association study and supported by ocular expression and/or replication, UHRF1BP1L, PTPRR, and PPFIA2, are novel candidates for myopic development within the MYP3 locus that should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Hawthorne
- Duke Center for Human Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Hawthorne FA, Young TL. Genetic contributions to myopic refractive error: Insights from human studies and supporting evidence from animal models. Exp Eye Res 2013; 114:141-9. [PMID: 23379998 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies of both population-based and recruited affected patient cohorts have identified a number of genomic regions and candidate genes that may contribute to myopic development. Scientists have developed animal models of myopia, as collection of affected tissues from patents is impractical. Recent advances in whole exome sequencing technology show promise for further elucidation of disease causing variants as in the recent identification of rare variants within ZNF644 segregating with pathological myopia. We present a review of the current research trends and findings on genetic contributions to myopic refraction including candidate loci for myopic development and their genomic convergence with expression studies of animal models inducing myopic development.
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Evaluation of MMP2 as a candidate gene for high myopia. Mol Vis 2013; 19:121-7. [PMID: 23378725 PMCID: PMC3559096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) has been shown to be expressed in the human sclera, and is increased in the sclera of the eye with myopia induced by form deprivation in chicks when compared with the control eye. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between high myopia and MMP2 in a mainland Han Chinese population. METHODS Four hundred unrelated patients with high myopia and 400 normal controls in a mainland Han Chinese population were studied. All the subjects were genotyped for 20 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP2 with the dye terminator-based SNaPshot method. The distribution of the genotypes in the cases and controls was compared with a χ(2) test. Screening for mutations in the coding regions and the adjacent intronic regions of MMP2 was performed in 200 patients with high myopia and 200 normal controls by direct sequencing. RESULTS None of the 20 tested SNPs showed significant association with high myopia in this study. Seven variations were detected upon sequencing of the coding regions and the adjacent intronic regions of MMP2 in 200 subjects with high myopia and 200 normal controls. One novel variation, c.1287G>A (p.K429K), was detected in 79 of the 200 patients with high myopia (65 heterozygous and 14 homozygous) and in 84 of the 200 controls (67 heterozygous and 17 homozygous). The c.1810G>A mutation (p. Arg500His) was detected in three of the 200 patients with high myopia but not in the controls. The five other variations, known as polymorphisms, were detected in the case and control groups. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that MMP2 is responsible for high myopia in these Han Chinese subjects and hence is unlikely to be important in the genetic predisposition to high myopia. Our results imply that MMP2 may not play a major role in high myopia in the Han Chinese population.
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Park SH, Mok J, Joo CK. Absence of an association between lumican promoter variants and high myopia in the Korean population. Ophthalmic Genet 2012; 34:43-7. [PMID: 23145541 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2012.736591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the lumican (LUM) gene with high myopic Korean patients. METHODS Genomic DNA samples were obtained from 128 unrelated Korean patients with high myopia who had refractive errors ≤ -9.25 and axial lengths ≥ 26.5 mm in both eyes, and 235 control subjects. We investigated two promoter SNPs of the LUM gene. RESULTS For the rs3759222, the C/C genotype was less prevalent in the high myopia group compared to the control group (46.1% vs. 53.2%); however, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.068, OR = 0.754, 95% CI: 0.491-1.159). The "C" allele frequency in the high myopia group (68.0%) was slightly lower than the control group (72.6%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.061, OR = 0.810, 95% CI:0.582-1.126). For the rs3759223, the genotype frequencies of T/T, T/C, and C/C were 67.2%, 26.6%, and 6.2%, respectively, in the high myopia group and 64.7%, 30.6%, and 4.7 %, respectively, in the control group. The allele frequency of T was 80.5% in the high myopia group and 80.0% in the control group (p = 0.077, OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.703-1.508). There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies for the two promoter SNPs tested. CONCLUSIONS The current study did not support an association between the promoter SNPs of the LUM gene with high myopia in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hae Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jiao X, Wang P, Li S, Li A, Guo X, Zhang Q, Hejtmancik JF. Association of markers at chromosome 15q14 in Chinese patients with moderate to high myopia. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2633-46. [PMID: 23170057 PMCID: PMC3501279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of two reported regions on chromosome 15 with moderate to high myopia in two Chinese cohorts from southern China. METHODS Two candidate regions on 15q14 and 15q25 were selected based on reported association with refractive error in the literature. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 300 university students with high myopia at Guangzhou and 308 without refractive error, and 96 university students of Chaoshan Chinese origin with moderate to high myopia and 96 without refractive error. Genotypes were evaluated using direct sequencing and analyzed with chi-square, Armitage trend, and Mantel-Haenszel tests, and regression analysis. RESULTS Of the five SNPs screened, alleles of rs634990 and rs524952 in the 15q14 region showed evidence of allelic association with moderate to high myopia (p<8.81×10(-7) and p<1.57×10(-6), respectively) in the Guangzhou group, but not in the Chaoshan group. The SNPs at 15q25 did not show significant association in any group. Association of rs634990 and rs524952 were still significant when both groups were combined into a single analysis (p<1.66×10(-6) and p<2.72×10(-6), respectively), and for genotypic, additive, and dominant models. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the significant association of rs634990 and rs524952 on chromosome 15q14 previously reported in European and Japanese populations with high myopia in the Guangzhou but not the Chaoshan Chinese populations, suggesting that genetic contributors to high myopia in the Chaoshan population might be different from other Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anren Li
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiangming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Gharbiya M, Moramarco A, Castori M, Parisi F, Celletti C, Marenco M, Mariani I, Grammatico P, Camerota F. Ocular features in joint hypermobility syndrome/ehlers-danlos syndrome hypermobility type: a clinical and in vivo confocal microscopy study. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154:593-600.e1. [PMID: 22633352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate ocular anomalies in joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT). DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Forty-four eyes of 22 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of JHS/EDS-HT and 44 eyes of 22 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Administration of a standardized questionnaire (Ocular Surface Disease Index) and a complete ophthalmologic examination, including assessment of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, indirect ophthalmoscopy, tear-film break-up time, Schirmer I testing, axial length and anterior chamber depth measurement, corneal topography, corneal pachymetry, and confocal microscopy. Main outcome measures included comparing ocular anomalies in JHS/EDS-HT and control eyes. RESULTS JHS/EDS-HT patients reported dry eye symptoms more commonly than controls (P < .0001). Scores of tear-film break-up time and Schirmer I test were significantly lower in JHS/EDS-HT eyes (P < .0001). Minor lens opacities were significantly more common in the JHS/EDS-HT group (13.6%; P < .05). Pathologic myopia with abnormal vitreous was found in 7 JHS/EDS-HT eyes (15.9%) and 0 controls (P = .01). Corneas were significantly steeper and the best-fit sphere index was significantly higher in JHS/EDS-HT group (P < .01). By confocal microscopy, the JHS/EDS-HT group showed lower density of cells in the superficial epithelium (P < .001) and higher density of stromal keratocytes in anterior and posterior stroma (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The most consistent association of eye anomalies in the JHS/EDS-HT group included xerophthalmia, steeper corneas, pathologic myopia, and vitreous abnormalities, as well as a higher rate of minor lens opacities. These findings indicate the need for ophthalmologic survey in the assessment and management of patients with JHS/EDS-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapienza University, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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