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Messant M, Hani U, Hennebelle T, Guérard F, Gakière B, Gall A, Thomine S, Krieger-Liszkay A. Manganese concentration affects chloroplast structure and the photosynthetic apparatus in Marchantia polymorpha. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:356-369. [PMID: 36722179 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for plant growth. The most important Mn-containing enzyme is the Mn4CaO5 cluster that catalyzes water oxidation in photosystem II (PSII). Mn deficiency primarily affects photosynthesis, whereas Mn excess is generally toxic. Here, we studied Mn excess and deficiency in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, an emerging model ideally suited for analysis of metal stress since it accumulates rapidly toxic substances due to the absence of well-developed vascular and radicular systems and a reduced cuticle. We established growth conditions for Mn excess and deficiency and analyzed the metal content in thalli and isolated chloroplasts. In vivo super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the organization of the thylakoid membrane under Mn excess and deficiency. Both Mn excess and Mn deficiency increased the stacking of the thylakoid membrane. We investigated photosynthetic performance by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence at room temperature and 77 K, measuring P700 absorbance, and studying the susceptibility of thalli to photoinhibition. Nonoptimal Mn concentrations changed the ratio of PSI to PSII. Upon Mn deficiency, higher non-photochemical quenching was observed, electron donation to PSI was favored, and PSII was less susceptible to photoinhibition. Mn deficiency seemed to favor cyclic electron flow around PSI, thereby protecting PSII in high light. The results presented here suggest an important role of Mn in the organization of the thylakoid membrane and photosynthetic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Messant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Umama Hani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Thaïs Hennebelle
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Andrew Gall
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Boulogne C, Gillet C, Hughes L, LE Bars R, Canette A, Hawes CR, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B. Functional organisation of the endomembrane network in the digestive gland of the Venus flytrap: revisiting an old story with a new microscopy toolbox. J Microsc 2020; 280:86-103. [PMID: 32844427 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Up-to-date imaging approaches were used to address the spatiotemporal organisation of the endomembrane system in secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula. Different 'slice and view' methodologies were performed on resin-embedded samples to finally achieve a 3D reconstruction of the cell architecture, using ultrastructural tomography, array tomography, serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), correlation, and volume rendering at the light microscopy level. Observations of cryo-fixed samples by high-pressure freezing revealed changes of the endomembrane system that occur after trap activation and prey digestion. They provide evidence for an original strategy that adapts the secretory machinery to a specific and unique case of stimulated exocytosis in plant cells. A first secretion peak is part of a rapid response to deliver digestive fluids to the cell surface, which delivers the needed stock of digestive materials 'on site'. The second peak of activity could then be associated with the reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus (GA), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuolar machinery, in order to prepare for a subsequent round of prey capture. Tubular continuum between ER and Golgi stacks observed on ZIO-impregnated tissues may correspond to an efficient transfer mechanism for lipids and/or proteins, especially for use in rapidly resetting the molecular GA machinery. The occurrence of one vacuolar continuum may permit continuous adjustment of cell homeostasy. The subcellular features of the secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula outline key innovations in the organisation of plant cell compartmentalisation that are used to cope with specific cell needs such as the full use of the GA as a protein factory, and the ability to create protein reservoirs in the periplasmic space. Shape-derived forces of the pleiomorphic vacuole may act as signals to accompany the sorting and entering flows of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boulogne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Gillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Hughes
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford UK, England.,Oxford Instruments NanoAnalysis, High Wycombe, Bucks, UK
| | - R LE Bars
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Canette
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - C R Hawes
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford UK, England
| | - B Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Affiliation(s)
- DAVID G. ROBINSON
- Centre for Organismal Studies University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- ULLA NEUMANN
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCentral Microscopy Cologne Germany
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Hawes C, Kiviniemi P, Kriechbaumer V. The endoplasmic reticulum: a dynamic and well-connected organelle. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:50-62. [PMID: 25319240 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum forms the first compartment in a series of organelles which comprise the secretory pathway. It takes the form of an extremely dynamic and pleomorphic membrane-bounded network of tubules and cisternae which have numerous different cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the nature of endoplasmic reticulum structure and dynamics, its relationship with closely associated organelles, and its possible function as a highway for the distribution and delivery of a diverse range of structures from metabolic complexes to viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
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7
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Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) in higher plants forms a pleomorphic web of membrane tubules and small cisternae that pervade the cytoplasm, but in particular form a polygonal network at the cortex of the cell which may be anchored to the plasma membrane. The network is associated with the actin cytoskeleton and demonstrates extensive mobility, which is most likely to be dependent on myosin motors. The ER is characterized by a number of domains which may be associated with specific functions such as protein storage, or with direct interaction with other organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes and plastids. In the present review we discuss the nature of the network, the role of shape-forming molecules such as the recently described reticulon family of proteins and the function of some of the major domains within the ER network.
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Kang BH, Staehelin LA. ER-to-Golgi transport by COPII vesicles in Arabidopsis involves a ribosome-excluding scaffold that is transferred with the vesicles to the Golgi matrix. Protoplasma 2008; 234:51-64. [PMID: 18810574 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-008-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant Golgi stacks are mobile organelles that can travel along actin filaments. How COPII (coat complex II) vesicles are transferred from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export sites to the moving Golgi stacks is not understood. We have examined COPII vesicle transfer in high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted plant cells by electron tomography. Formation of each COPII vesicle is accompanied by the assembly of a ribosome-excluding scaffold layer that extends approximately 40 nm beyond the COPII coat. These COPII scaffolds can attach to the cis-side of the Golgi matrix, and the COPII vesicles are then transferred to the Golgi together with their scaffolds. When Atp115-GFP, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein of an Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the COPII vesicle-tethering factor p115, was expressed, the GFP localized to the COPII scaffold and to the cis-side of the Golgi matrix. Time-lapse imaging of Golgi stacks in live root meristem cells demonstrated that the Golgi stacks alternate between phases of fast, linear, saltatory movements (0.9-1.25 microm/s) and slower, wiggling motions (<0.4 microm/s). In root meristem cells, approximately 70% of the Golgi stacks were connected to an ER export site via a COPII scaffold, and these stacks possessed threefold more COPII vesicles than the Golgi not associated with the ER; in columella cells, only 15% of Golgi stacks were located in the vicinity of the ER. We postulate that the COPII scaffold first binds to and then fuses with the cis-side of the Golgi matrix, transferring its enclosed COPII vesicle to the cis-Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Staehelin LA, Kang BH. Nanoscale architecture of endoplasmic reticulum export sites and of Golgi membranes as determined by electron tomography. Plant Physiol 2008; 147:1454-68. [PMID: 18678738 PMCID: PMC2492626 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Andrew Staehelin
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Hawes C, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B. The plant Golgi apparatus--going with the flow. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1744:93-107. [PMID: 15922463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant Golgi apparatus is composed of many separate stacks of cisternae which are often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and which in many cell types are motile. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the molecular regulation of Golgi function. The concept of the Golgi as a distinct organelle is challenged and the possibility of a continuum between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawes
- Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.
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12
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Abstract
The higher plant Golgi apparatus, comprising many individual stacks of membrane bounded cisternae, is one of the most enigmatic of the cytoplasmic organelles. Not only can the stacks receive material from the endoplasmic reticulum, process it and target it to the correct cellular destination, but they can also synthesise and export complex carbohydrates and lipids and most likely act as one end point of the endocytic pathway. In many cells such processing and sorting can take place while the stacks are moving within the cytoplasm and, remarkably, the organelle manages to retain its structural integrity. This review considers some of the latest data and views on transport both to and from the Golgi and the mechanisms by which such activity is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawes
- Research School of Biological & Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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Abstract
A careful scrutiny of the dynamics of secretory compartments in the entire eukaryotic world reveals many common themes. The most fundamental theme is that the Golgi apparatus and related structures appear as compartments formed by the act of transporting cargo. The second common theme is the pivotal importance for endomembrane dynamics of shifting back and forth the equilibrium between full and perforated cisternae along the pathway. The third theme is the role of a continuous membrane flow in anterograde transfer of molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi apparatus. The last common theme is the self-regulatory balance between anatomical continuities and discontinuities of the endomembrane system. As this balance depends on secretory activity, it provides a source of morphological variability among cell types or, for a given cell type, according to environmental conditions. Beyond this first source of variability, it appears that divergent strategies pave the evolutionary routes in different eukaryotic kingdoms. These divergent strategies primarily affect the levels of stacking, of stabilization, and of clustering of the Golgi apparatus. They presumably underscore a trade-off between versatility and stability to adapt the secretory function to the degree of environmental variability. Nonequilibrium secretory structures would provide yeasts, and plants to a lesser extent, with the required versatility to cope with ever changing environments, by contrast to the stabler milieu intérieur of homeothermic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Képès
- ATelier de Génomique Cognitive, CNRS UMR 8071/Genopole and Epigenomics Project, Genopole, Evry, France
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14
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are characterised by the organised distribution of membrane bounded compartments in their cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA) are part of this endomembrane machinery. They are involved in protein flow, and are in charge of specific functions such as the assembly, sorting and transport of newly synthesised proteins, glycoproteins or polysaccharides to their final destination, where the macromolecules are recognised either for action, storage, deposition or degradation. The structural and functional relationship between the ER and GA in higher plants is still a matter of debate. Therefore, it was essential to develop probes that would specifically label proteins or glycoproteins of the endomembrane system in situ. Here we compare two complementary approaches to probe plant endomembranes; immunocytochemistry on fixed cells, and in vivo studies using the expression of GFP tagged chimeric proteins. The structural relationship between ER and GA as based on pharmacological approaches using the two systems is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- Institut des Sciences Végétales, Laboratoire de Cytométrie, CNRS UPR 40, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Li YQ, Moscatelli A, Cai G, Cresti M. Functional interactions among cytoskeleton, membranes, and cell wall in the pollen tube of flowering plants. Int Rev Cytol 1997; 176:133-99. [PMID: 9394919 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is a cellular system that plays a fundamental role during the process of fertilization in higher plants. Because it is so important, the pollen tube has been subjected to intensive studies with the aim of understanding its biology. The pollen tube represents a fascinating model for studying interactions between the internal cytoskeletal machinery, the membrane system, and the cell wall. These compartments, often studied as independent units, show several molecular interactions and can influence the structure and organization of each other. The way the cell wall is constructed, the dynamics of the endomembrane system, and functions of the cytoskeleton suggest that these compartments are a molecular "continuum," which represents a link between the extracellular environment and the pollen tube cytoplasm. Several experimental approaches have been used to understand how these interactions may translate the pollen-pistil interactions into differential processes of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Li
- Dipartimento Biologia Ambientale, Università di Siena, Italy
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16
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Abstract
The storage proteins and lectins that accumulate in the protein bodies of developing legume cotyledons undergo a number of processing steps along the transport pathway from their site of synthesis to their site of deposition. The polypeptides are synthesized on polysomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Synthesis of the polypeptides is always accompanied by the co-translational removal of a signal peptide. Those proteins that are glycoproteins in their mature form are co-translationally glycosylated with high-mannose oligosaccharide side chains. Co-translational sequestration into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum is followed by the formation of oligomers. Transport of these oligomers to the Golgi complex may occur via tubular connections between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. In the Golgi complex some of the high-mannose side chains are modified by the removal of five to six mannosyl residues, and the addition of fucosyl and terminal A-acetylglucosaminyl residues. This phenomenon has so far been observed only for phytohaemagglutinin, the lectin of
Phaseolus vulgaris
. From the Golgi complex the storage proteins and lectins are transported to the protein bodies. This transport is mediated by small electron-dense vesicles. In the protein bodies two types of processing occur: proteolytic processing resulting in the formation of smaller polypeptides, and glycolytic processing resulting in the removal of the terminal
N
-acetylglucosaminyl residues from the modified carbohydrate side chains. All storage proteins and lectins undergo some of these processing steps, and specific examples are discussed in this paper.
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus of both higher plant and animal cells sorts and packages macromolecules which are in transit to and from the cell surface and to the lysosome (vacuole). It is also the site of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis and modification. The underlying similarity of function of plant and animal Golgi is reflected in similar morphological features, such as cisternal stacking. There are, however, several fundamental differences between the Golgi of plant and animal cells, reflecting, in large part, the fact that the extracellular matrices and lysosomal systems differ between these kingdoms. These include 1) the form and replication of the Golgi during cell division; 2) the disposition of the Golgi in the interphase cell; 3) the nature of "anchoring" the Golgi in the cytoplasm; 4) the genesis, extent, and nature of membranes at the trans side of the stack; 5) targeting signals to the lysosome (vacuole); and 6) physiological regulation of secretion events (constitutive vs. regulated secretion). The degree of participation of the Golgi in endocytosis and membrane recycling is becoming clear for animal cells, but has yet to be explored in detail for plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Griffing
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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18
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Abstract
Protein secretion is an ubiquitous but poorly understood process in plants. Secreted proteins are synthesized on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the cell surface by secretary vesicles formed at the Golgi apparatus. Whereas many of the structural details of this process are known the mechanisms underlying secretion are just beginning to be understood, in this article we review some of the recent developments in this field, and we compare the progress made with animal and plant cells. CONTENTS Summary 567 I. Introduction 568 II. Proteins secreted by plants 568 III. Synthesis and post-translational modification of secreted proteins 571 IV. Molecular requirements for secretion 576 V. Vehicles of secretory transport 581 VI. Regulation of secretion 585 VII. Conclusions and Perspective 587 Acknowledgements 588 References 588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Jones
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - David G Robinson
- Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, FRG
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