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Florez I, Pirrone I, Casique L, Domínguez CL, Mahfoud A, Rodríguez T, Rodríguez D, De Lucca M, Ramírez JL. Independent origin for m.3243A>G mitochondrial mutation in three Venezuelan cases of MELAS syndrome. Clin Biochem 2022; 109-110:98-101. [PMID: 36130631 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a multisystem and progressive neurodegenerative mitochondrial disease, caused by point nucleotide changes in the mtDNA where 80 % of cases have the mutation m.3243A>G in the MT-TL1 gene. In this work, we described the clinical, biochemical and molecular analysis of three Venezuelan patients affected with MELAS syndrome. All cases showed lactic acidosis, cortical cerebral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and muscular system deficit, and in two of the cases alteration of urine organic acid levels was also registered. A screening for the mutation m.3243A>G in different patients' body samples confirmed the presence of this mutation with variable degrees of heteroplasmy (blood = 7-41 %, buccal mucosa = 14-53 %, urine = 58-94 %). The mitochondrial haplogroups for the three patients were different (H, C1b, and A2), indicating an independent origin for the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Florez
- Biotechnology Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Irune Pirrone
- Biotechnology Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela; Laboratory of Human Metabolism, Department of Cell Biology, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Liliana Casique
- Biotechnology Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela; Laboratory of Human Metabolism, Department of Cell Biology, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Carmen Luisa Domínguez
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Bioscience Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Antonieta Mahfoud
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Bioscience Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Tania Rodríguez
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Bioscience Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Bioscience Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marisel De Lucca
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Bioscience Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
| | - José Luis Ramírez
- Biotechnology Center, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
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2
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Dawod PGA, Jancic J, Marjanovic A, Brankovic M, Jankovic M, Samardzic J, Gamil Anwar Dawod A, Novakovic I, Abdel Motaleb FI, Radlovic V, Kostic VS, Nikolic D. Mutational Analysis and mtDNA Haplogroup Characterization in Three Serbian Cases of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1969. [PMID: 34829316 PMCID: PMC8620769 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (MEMP) are heterogeneous multisystem disorders frequently associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Clinical presentation varies considerably in age of onset, course, and severity up to death in early childhood. In this study, we performed molecular genetic analysis for mtDNA pathogenic mutation detection in Serbian children, preliminary diagnosed clinically, biochemically and by brain imaging for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies disorders. Sanger sequencing analysis in three Serbian probands revealed two known pathogenic mutations. Two probands had a heteroplasmic point mutation m.3243A>G in the MT-TL1 gene, which confirmed mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode syndrome (MELAS), while a single case clinically manifested for Leigh syndrome had an almost homoplasmic (close to 100%) m.8993T>G mutation in the MT-ATP6 gene. After full mtDNA MITOMASTER analysis and PhyloTree build 17, we report MELAS' association with haplogroups U and H (U2e and H15 subclades); likewise, the mtDNA-associated Leigh syndrome proband shows a preference for haplogroup H (H34 subclade). Based on clinical-genetic correlation, we suggest that haplogroup H may contribute to the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies' phenotypic variability of the patients in our study. We conclude that genetic studies for the distinctive mitochondrial encephalomyopathies should be well-considered for realizing clinical severity and possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phepy G. A. Dawod
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt;
| | - Jasna Jancic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry of Children and Youth, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Marjanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Marija Brankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Milena Jankovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Janko Samardzic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ayman Gamil Anwar Dawod
- Internal Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt;
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Fayda I. Abdel Motaleb
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt;
| | - Vladimir Radlovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
- Pediatric Surgery Department, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir S. Kostic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.G.A.D.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (I.N.); (V.R.); (V.S.K.)
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children’s Hospital, Tirsova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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McCormick EM, Lott MT, Dulik MC, Shen L, Attimonelli M, Vitale O, Karaa A, Bai R, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Singh LN, Stanley CM, Wong S, Bhardwaj A, Merkurjev D, Mao R, Sondheimer N, Zhang S, Procaccio V, Wallace DC, Gai X, Falk MJ. Specifications of the ACMG/AMP standards and guidelines for mitochondrial DNA variant interpretation. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:2028-2057. [PMID: 32906214 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant pathogenicity interpretation has special considerations given unique features of the mtDNA genome, including maternal inheritance, variant heteroplasmy, threshold effect, absence of splicing, and contextual effects of haplogroups. Currently, there are insufficient standardized criteria for mtDNA variant assessment, which leads to inconsistencies in clinical variant pathogenicity reporting. An international working group of mtDNA experts was assembled within the Mitochondrial Disease Sequence Data Resource Consortium and obtained Expert Panel status from ClinGen. This group reviewed the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Association of Molecular Pathology standards and guidelines that are widely used for clinical interpretation of DNA sequence variants and provided further specifications for additional and specific guidance related to mtDNA variant classification. These Expert Panel consensus specifications allow for consistent consideration of the unique aspects of the mtDNA genome that directly influence variant assessment, including addressing mtDNA genome composition and structure, haplogroups and phylogeny, maternal inheritance, heteroplasmy, and functional analyses unique to mtDNA, as well as specifications for utilization of mtDNA genomic databases and computational algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie T Lott
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew C Dulik
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella Vitale
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amel Karaa
- Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine M Stanley
- Variantyx, Inc, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,QNA Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daria Merkurjev
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, MitoVasc Institute, UMR CNRS 6015- INSERM U1083, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Schon KR, Ratnaike T, van den Ameele J, Horvath R, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial Diseases: A Diagnostic Revolution. Trends Genet 2020; 36:702-717. [PMID: 32674947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders have emerged as a common cause of inherited disease, but are traditionally viewed as being difficult to diagnose clinically, and even more difficult to comprehensively characterize at the molecular level. However, new sequencing approaches, particularly whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have dramatically changed the landscape. The combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) allows rapid diagnosis for the vast majority of patients, but new challenges have emerged. We review recent discoveries that will benefit patients and families, and highlight emerging questions that remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Schon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thiloka Ratnaike
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Heidary Z, Saliminejad K, Zaki-Dizaji M, Khorram Khorshid HR. Genetic aspects of idiopathic asthenozoospermia as a cause of male infertility. HUM FERTIL 2020; 23:83-92. [PMID: 30198353 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1504325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a worldwide problem affecting about 15% of couples trying to conceive. Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is one of the major causes of male infertility, diagnosed by reduced sperm motility, and has no effective therapeutic treatment. To date, a few genes have been found to be associated with AZS in humans and mice, but in most of cases its molecular aetiology remains unknown. Genetic causes of AZS may include chromosomal abnormalities, specific mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. However recently, epigenetic factors, altered microRNAs expression signature, and proteomics have shed light on the pathophysiological basis of AZS. This review article summarises the reported genetic causes of AZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Heidary
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics Research Centre University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Chinnery PF, Gomez-Duran A. Oldies but Goldies mtDNA Population Variants and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:682. [PMID: 30369864 PMCID: PMC6194173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA is transmitted through the maternal line and its sequence variability, which is population specific, is assumed to be phenotypically neutral. However, several studies have shown associations between the variants defining some genetic backgrounds and the susceptibility to several pathogenic phenotypes, including neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these studies have found that some of these variants impact many of these phenotypes, including the ones defining the Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and Uk, while others, such as the ones defining the T haplogroup, have phenotype specific associations. In this review, we will focus on those that have shown a pleiotropic effect in population studies in neurological diseases. We will also explore their bioenergetic and genomic characteristics in order to provide an insight into the role of these variants in disease. Given the importance of mitochondrial population variants in neurodegenerative diseases a deeper analysis of their effects might unravel new mechanisms of disease and help design new strategies for successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Purpose of review The groundwork for mitochondrial medicine was laid 30 years ago with identification of the first disease-causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in 1988. Three decades later, mutations in nearly 300 genes involving every possible mode of inheritance within both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are now recognized to collectively comprise the largest class of inherited metabolic disease affecting at least 1 in 4,300 individuals across all ages. Significant progress has been made in recent years to improve understanding of mitochondrial biology and disease pathophysiology. Recent findings Markedly improved understanding of the highly diverse molecular etiologies of multi-systemic phenotypes in primary mitochondrial disease has resulted from massively parallel genomic sequencing technologies and improved bioinformatic resources that enable identification in individual patients of their disease's precise genetic etiology. Key informatics resources of particular utility to the mitochondrial disease genomics community have been developed, including: (1) Mitocarta 2.0 repository of 1200+ verified mitochondria-localized proteins, (2) MITOMAP Web resource of curated mtDNA genome variants, and (3) Mitochondrial Disease Sequence Data Resource (MSeqDR) that centralizes Web curation and annotation of mitochondrial disease genes and variants in both genomes, ontology-defined phenotypes, and access to many analytic tools to support genomic data mining and interpretation. Gene and mutation-based disease categorization has proven particularly useful to identify the full clinical spectrum of disease that may affect a given individual. Summary Extensive genomic advances, both in technologic platforms and bioinformatics resources, have facilitated dramatic improvement in the accurate recognition and understanding of primary mitochondrial disease.
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8
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Wei W, Gomez-Duran A, Hudson G, Chinnery PF. Background sequence characteristics influence the occurrence and severity of disease-causing mtDNA mutations. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007126. [PMID: 29253894 PMCID: PMC5757940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have emerged as a common cause of human disease, with mutations occurring multiple times in the world population. The clinical presentation of three pathogenic mtDNA mutations is strongly associated with a background mtDNA haplogroup, but it is not clear whether this is limited to a handful of examples or is a more general phenomenon. To address this, we determined the characteristics of 30,506 mtDNA sequences sampled globally. After performing several quality control steps, we ascribed an established pathogenicity score to the major alleles for each sequence. The mean pathogenicity score for known disease-causing mutations was significantly different between mtDNA macro-haplogroups. Several mutations were observed across all haplogroup backgrounds, whereas others were only observed on specific clades. In some instances this reflected a founder effect, but in others, the mutation recurred but only within the same phylogenetic cluster. Sequence diversity estimates showed that disease-causing mutations were more frequent on young sequences, and genomes with two or more disease-causing mutations were more common than expected by chance. These findings implicate the mtDNA background more generally in recurrent mutation events that have been purified through natural selection in older populations. This provides an explanation for the low frequency of mtDNA disease reported in specific ethnic groups. MtDNA mutations are a major cause of genetic disease. Many of these variants have recurred several times in different populations and on diverse haplogroup backgrounds, but the clinical presentation of mutations causing Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON: m.14484T>C, m.3460G>A, m.11778G>A) are strongly associated with a specific mtDNA haplogroup. This raises the possibility that many pathogenic mtDNA mutations are subject to the same effects. Here, our analysis of 30,506 human mtDNA sequences shows that the association between disease-causing mtDNA mutations and background mtDNA haplogroups is not only restricted to three disease-causing mtDNA mutations known to cause LHON. The frequent recurrence of the same mutations on a population clade, and the reduced frequency of European mtDNAs harboring two or more diseases-causing mutations, suggest that the population mtDNA background influences the risk of developing mtDNA mutations. Our analysis also shows that disease-causing mtDNA mutations also occur more frequently on younger mtDNAs. This implies that, once formed, the mutations are selected against. These findings indicate that the clinical interpretation of mtDNA variants should be performed within an ethnogeographic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Xia CY, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang YC, Ma YN, Qi Y. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics in 100 Chinese Pediatric Patients with m.3243A>G Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1945-9. [PMID: 27503020 PMCID: PMC4989426 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.187845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial diseases are a group of energy metabolic disorders with multisystem involvements. Variable clinical features present a major challenge in pediatric diagnoses. We summarized the clinical spectrum of m.3243A>G mutation in Chinese pediatric patients, to define the common clinical manifestations and study the correlation between heteroplasmic degree of the mutation and clinical severity of the disease. Methods: Clinical data of one-hundred pediatric patients with symptomatic mitochondrial disease harboring m.3243A>G mutation from 2007 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Detection of m.3243A>G mutation ratio was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Correlation between m.3243A>G mutation ratio and age was evaluated. The differences in clinical symptom frequency of patients with low, middle, and high levels of mutation ratio were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: Sixty-six patients (66%) had suffered a delayed diagnosis for an average of 2 years. The most frequent symptoms were seizures (76%), short stature (73%), elevated plasma lactate (70%), abnormal magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) changes (68%), vomiting (55%), decreased vision (52%), headache (50%), and muscle weakness (48%). The mutation ratio was correlated negatively with onset age (r = −0.470, P < 0.001). Myopathy was more frequent in patients with a high level of mutation ratio. However, patients with a low or middle level of m.3243A>G mutation ratio were more likely to suffer hearing loss, decreased vision, and gastrointestinal disturbance than patients with a high level of mutation ratio. Conclusions: Our study showed that half of Chinese pediatric patients with m.3243A>G mutation presented seizures, short stature, abnormal MRI/CT changes, elevated plasma lactate, vomiting, and headache. Pediatric patients with these recurrent symptoms should be considered for screening m.3243A>G mutation. Clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities should be carefully monitored in patients with this point mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Xia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yi-Nan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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10
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Yano T, Nishio SY, Usami SI. Frequency of mitochondrial mutations in non-syndromic hearing loss as well as possibly responsible variants found by whole mitochondrial genome screening. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:100-6. [PMID: 24401907 PMCID: PMC3970901 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are reported to be responsible for the pathogenesis of maternally inherited hearing loss. Complete mtDNA sequencing may detect pathogenic mutations, but whether they are indeed pathogenic can be difficult to interpret because of normal ethnic-associated haplogroup variation and other rare variations existing among control populations. In this study, we performed systemic mutational analysis of mtDNA in 394 Japanese patients with hearing loss. Two different cohorts were analyzed in this study: Cohort 1, 254 maternally inherited patients; and Cohort 2, 140 patients with various inheritance modes. After screening of the entire mtDNA genome with direct sequencing, we evaluated the frequency of previously reported mutations and the frequency and pathogenicity of the novel variants. As a result, the 'Confirmed' mitochondrial mutations were found predominantly in Cohort 1 rather than in Cohort 2 (14.6 vs 0.7%). 1555A>G (n=23) is the most common mutation, followed by the 3243A>G (n=11) mutations. On the basis of prediction analysis, we detected 10 novel homoplasmic mitochondrial variants. After further classification, the 3595A>G and 6204A>G variants were found to be new candidate mutations possibly associated with hearing loss.
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11
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Bandelt HJ, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Richards MB, Yao YG, Logan I. The case for the continuing use of the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and the standardization of notation in human mitochondrial DNA studies. J Hum Genet 2013; 59:66-77. [PMID: 24304692 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the determination in 1981 of the sequence of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome, the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), has been used as the reference sequence to annotate mtDNA in molecular anthropology, forensic science and medical genetics. The CRS was eventually upgraded to the revised version (rCRS) in 1999. This reference sequence is a convenient device for recording mtDNA variation, although it has often been misunderstood as a wild-type (WT) or consensus sequence by medical geneticists. Recently, there has been a proposal to replace the rCRS with the so-called Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS). Even if it had been estimated accurately, the RSRS would be a cumbersome substitute for the rCRS, as the new proposal fuses--and thus confuses--the two distinct concepts of ancestral lineage and reference point for human mtDNA. Instead, we prefer to maintain the rCRS and to report mtDNA profiles by employing the hitherto predominant circumfix style. Tree diagrams could display mutations by using either the profile notation (in conventional short forms where appropriate) or in a root-upwards way with two suffixes indicating ancestral and derived nucleotides. This would guard against misunderstandings about reporting mtDNA variation. It is therefore neither necessary nor sensible to change the present reference sequence, the rCRS, in any way. The proposed switch to RSRS would inevitably lead to notational chaos, mistakes and misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Kloss-Brandstätter
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin B Richards
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Lin J, Zhao CB, Lu JH, Wang HJ, Zhu WH, Xi JY, Lu J, Luo SS, Ma D, Wang Y, Xiao BG, Lu CZ. Novel mutations m.3959G>A and m.3995A>G in mitochondrial gene MT-ND1 associated with MELAS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:56-62. [PMID: 23834081 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.779259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) are progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with polygenetic, maternally inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Approximately 80% of MELAS cases are caused by the mutation m.3243A>G of the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu (UUR)) gene (MT-TL1). We reported two probands with MELAS features. Muscle biopsy identified ragged-red fibers (RRF) in Gomori Trichrome staining. A respiratory chain function study showed decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in both probands. Sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA revealed two novel MT-ND1 gene missense mutations, m.3959G>A and m.3995A>G, which are highly conserved among species. Protein secondary structure predictions demonstrated that these mutations may alter the peptide structure and may lead to decreased ND1 gene stability. Our findings suggest that these two novel mutations may contribute to the MELAS phenotypes of the patients in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital
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13
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Non-syndromic Hearing Impairment in a Hungarian Family with the m.7510T>C Mutation of Mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) and Review of Published Cases. JIMD Rep 2012; 9:105-111. [PMID: 23430555 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The m.7510T>C mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation is a tRNA(Ser(UCN)) alteration leading to matrilineal isolated hearing impairment. The current paper reviews the available reports on the m.7510T>C mtDNA mutation, with special attention to phenotypic variations and haplogroup background. A Hungarian family, the fourth family reported in the literature, is presented, in which analysis of three generations with bilateral isolated hearing loss revealed the m.7510T>C tRNA(Ser(UCN)) mutation in homoplasmic form in the affected members. Haplogroup analysis verified an unnamed subgroup of mitochondrial haplogroup H. Previously reported Spanish and North American Caucasian families belong to different subgroups of haplogroup H. Analyzing our biobank of Hungarian patients with sensorineural hearing loss, we did not detect this mutation in any other patient, nor was it found in Caucasian haplogroup H control samples. Comparing the cases reported so far, there is interfamilial variablity in the age of onset, accompanying symptoms, and haplogroup background. Our case adds further genetic evidence for the pathogenicity of the m.7510T>C mutation and underlines the need to include full mtDNA sequencing in the screening for unexplained hearing loss.
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14
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Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:869-72. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Mutai H, Kouike H, Teruya E, Takahashi-Kodomari I, Kakishima H, Taiji H, Usami SI, Okuyama T, Matsunaga T. Systematic analysis of mitochondrial genes associated with hearing loss in the Japanese population: dHPLC reveals a new candidate mutation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:135. [PMID: 21989059 PMCID: PMC3207971 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been evaluated for their association with hearing loss. Although ethnic background affects the spectrum of mtDNA variants, systematic mutational analysis of mtDNA in Japanese patients with hearing loss has not been reported. Methods Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography combined with direct sequencing and cloning-sequencing, Japanese patients with prelingual (N = 54) or postlingual (N = 80) sensorineural hearing loss not having pathogenic mutations of m.1555A > G and m.3243A > G nor GJB2 were subjected to mutational analysis of mtDNA genes (12S rRNA, tRNALeu(UUR), tRNASer(UCN), tRNALys, tRNAHis, tRNASer(AGY), and tRNAGlu). Results We discovered 15 variants in 12S rRNA and one homoplasmic m.7501A > G variant in tRNASer(UCN); no variants were detected in the other genes. Two criteria, namely the low frequency in the controls and the high conservation among animals, selected the m.904C > T and the m.1105T > C variants in 12S rRNA as candidate pathogenic mutations. Alterations in the secondary structures of the two variant transcripts as well as that of m.7501A > G in tRNASer(UCN) were predicted. Conclusions The m.904C > T variant was found to be a new candidate mutation associated with hearing loss. The m.1105T > C variant is unlikely to be pathogenic. The pathogenicity of the homoplasmic m.7501T > A variant awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mutai
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Arredondo JJ, Gallardo ME, García-Pavía P, Domingo V, Bretón B, García-Silva MT, Sedano MJ, Martín MA, Arenas J, Cervera M, Garesse R, Bornstein B. Mitochondrial tRNA valine as a recurrent target for mutations involved in mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrion 2011; 12:357-62. [PMID: 21986556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the genetic defect in two patients having cardiac dysfunction accompanied by neurological symptoms, and in one case MRI evidence of cortical and cerebellar atrophy with hyperintensities in the basal ganglia. Muscle biopsies from each patient revealed single and combined mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. The complete mtDNA sequencing of both patients revealed two transitions in the mitochondrial tRNA(Val) gene (MT-TV) (m.1628C>T in Patient 1, and m.1644G>A in Patient 2). The functional and molecular analyses reported here suggest that the MT-TV gene should be routinely considered in the diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Arredondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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17
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Bai Y, Wang Z, Dai W, Li Q, Chen G, Cong N, Guan M, Li H. A six-generation Chinese family in haplogroup B4C1C exhibits high penetrance of 1555A > G-induced hearing Loss. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:129. [PMID: 20822538 PMCID: PMC2944124 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The 1555A > G mutation is the most common cause of aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic deafness. However, the variable clinical phenotype and incomplete penetrance of A1555G-induced hearing loss complicate our understanding of this mutation. Environmental factors, nuclear genes, mitochondrial haplotypes/variants and a possible threshold effect have been reported to may be involved in its manifestation. Methods Here, we performed a clinical, molecular, genetic and phylogenic analysis in a six-generation Chinese family. Results A clinical evaluation revealed that affected individuals without aminoglycoside exposure developed hearing loss extending gradually from 12000 Hz to 8000 Hz and then to 4000 Hz. Using pyrosequencing, we detected an identical homoplasmic 1555A > G mutation in all individuals except one. We did not find any correlation between the mutation load and the severity of hearing loss. T123N coexisted with the 1555A > G mutation in six affected subjects in our pedigree. Analysis of the complete mtDNA genome of this family revealed that this family belonged to haplotype B4C1C and exhibited high penetrance. Upon the inclusion of subjects that had been exposed to aminoglycosides, the penetrance of the hearing loss was 63.6%.; without exposure to aminoglycosides, it was 51.5%. This pedigree and another reported Chinese pedigree share the same haplotype (B4C1C) and lack functionally significant mitochondrial tRNA variants, but nevertheless they exhibit a different penetrance of hearing loss. Conclusions Our results imply that the factors responsible for the higher penetrance and variable expression of the deafness associated with the 1555A > G mutation in this pedigree may not be mtDNA haplotype/variants, but rather nuclear genes and/or aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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18
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Yu D, Jia X, Zhang AM, Guo X, Zhang YP, Zhang Q, Yao YG. Molecular characterization of six Chinese families with m.3460G>A and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Neurogenetics 2010; 11:349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-010-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Frederiksen AL, Jeppesen TD, Vissing J, Schwartz M, Kyvik KO, Schmitz O, Poulsen PL, Andersen PH. High prevalence of impaired glucose homeostasis and myopathy in asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic 3243A>G mitochondrial DNA mutation-positive subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2872-9. [PMID: 19470628 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The point mutation of 3243A>G mtDNA is the most frequent cause of mitochondrial diabetes, often presenting as the syndrome maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). The mutation may also cause myopathy, ataxia, strokes, ophthalmoplegia, epilepsy, and cardiomyopathy in various combinations. Consequently, it is difficult to predict the "phenotypic risk profile" of 3243A>G mutation-positive subjects. The 3243A>G mutation coexists in cells with wild-type mtDNA, a phenomenon called heteroplasmy. The marked variability in mutation loads in different tissues is the main explanation for the different phenotypes associated with this mutation. AIM The aim of the study was to screen asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic 3243A>G mtDNA carriers for diabetes and myopathy. METHODS The study is a case-control study. Nineteen adult 3243A>G carriers presumed to be normoglycemic and matched healthy controls were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. Twenty-six adult 3243A>G carriers with unknown myopathy status and 17 healthy controls had a maximal cycle test and a muscle biopsy performed. The mutation loads were quantified in blood and muscle biopsies and correlated to the clinical manifestations of the mutation. RESULTS In the presumed normoglycemic 3243A>G-positive subjects, one subject had overt diabetes, and 10 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance. Sixteen of the 26 subjects with unknown oxidative capacity fulfilled criteria for myopathy. The mutation load in blood and muscle correlated with the age for diagnosis of impaired glucose homeostasis and hearing impairment (rho = -0.71 to -0.78; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that 3243A>G mutation carriers should be screened for diabetes and myopathy.
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20
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Application of the phylogenetic analysis in mitochondrial disease study. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Pierron D, Rocher C, Amati-Bonneau P, Reynier P, Martin-Négrier ML, Allouche S, Batandier C, Mousson de Camaret B, Godinot C, Rotig A, Feldmann D, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Arveiler B, Pennarun E, Rossignol R, Crouzet M, Murail P, Thoraval D, Letellier T. New evidence of a mitochondrial genetic background paradox: impact of the J haplogroup on the A3243G mutation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:41. [PMID: 18462486 PMCID: PMC2409300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The A3243G mutation in the tRNALeu gene (UUR), is one of the most common pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in France, and is associated with highly variable and heterogeneous disease phenotypes. To define the relationships between the A3243G mutation and mtDNA backgrounds, we determined the haplogroup affiliation of 142 unrelated French patients - diagnosed as carriers of the A3243G mutation - by control-region sequencing and RFLP survey of their mtDNAs. RESULTS The analysis revealed 111 different haplotypes encompassing all European haplogroups, indicating that the 3243 site might be a mutational hot spot. However, contrary to previous findings, we observed a statistically significant underepresentation of the A3243G mutation on haplogroup J in patients (p = 0.01, OR = 0.26, C.I. 95%: 0.08-0.83), suggesting that might be due to a strong negative selection at the embryo or germ line stages. CONCLUSION Thus, our study supports the existence of mutational hotspot on mtDNA and a "haplogroup J paradox," a haplogroup that may increase the expression of mtDNA pathogenic mutations, but also be beneficial in certain environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pierron
- 1Université Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé, UMR 5199 PACEA, 33400 Talence, France.
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22
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Uusimaa J, Moilanen JS, Vainionpää L, Tapanainen P, Lindholm P, Nuutinen M, Löppönen T, Mäki-Torkko E, Rantala H, Majamaa K. Prevalence, segregation, and phenotype of the mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation in children. Ann Neurol 2007; 62:278-87. [PMID: 17823937 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the prevalence, segregation, and phenotype of the mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation in children in a defined population in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. METHODS Children with diagnoses commonly associated with mitochondrial diseases were ascertained. Blood DNA from 522 selected children was analyzed for 3243A>G. Children with the mutation were clinically examined. Information on health history before the age of 18 years was collected from previously identified adult patients with 3243A>G. Mutation segregation analysis in buccal epithelial cells was performed in mothers with 3243A>G and their children whose samples were analyzed anonymously. RESULTS Eighteen children were found to harbor 3243A>G in a population of 97,609. A minimum estimate for the prevalence of 3243A>G was 18.4 in 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 10.9-29.1/100,000). Information on health in childhood was obtained from 37 adult patients with 3243A>G. The first clinical manifestations appearing in childhood were sensorineural hearing impairment, short stature or delayed maturation, migraine, learning difficulties, and exercise intolerance. Mutation analysis from 13 mothers with 3243A>G and their 41 children gave a segregation rate of 0.80. The mothers with heteroplasmy greater than 50% tended to have offspring with lower or equal heteroplasmy, whereas the opposite was true for mothers with heteroplasmy less than or equal to 50% (p = 0.0016). INTERPRETATION The prevalence of 3243A>G is relatively high in the pediatric population, but the morbidity in children is relatively low. The random genetic drift model may be inappropriate for the transmission of the 3243A>G mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Uusimaa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Tafrechi RSJ, van de Rijke FM, Allallou A, Larsson C, Sloos WCR, van de Sande M, Wählby C, Janssen GMC, Raap AK. Single-cell A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation load assays for segregation analysis. J Histochem Cytochem 2007; 55:1159-66. [PMID: 17679731 PMCID: PMC3957535 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7a7282.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an important underlying pathogenic factor in mtDNA mutation accumulation in mitochondrial diseases and aging, but the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA segregation are elusive. Lack of high-throughput single-cell mutation load assays lies at the root of the paucity of studies in which, at the single-cell level, mitotic mtDNA segregation patterns have been analyzed. Here we describe development of a novel fluorescence-based, non-gel PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method for single-cell A3243G mtDNA mutation load measurement. Results correlated very well with a quantitative in situ Padlock/rolling circle amplification-based genotyping method. In view of the throughput and accuracy of both methods for single-cell A3243G mtDNA mutation load determination, we conclude that they are well suited for segregation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frans M. van de Rijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amin Allallou
- Center for Image AnalysisUppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chatarina Larsson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Willem C. R. Sloos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marchien van de Sande
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Wählby
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Image AnalysisUppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George M. C. Janssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton K. Raap
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Anton K. Raap, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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Finsterer J. Genetic, pathogenetic, and phenotypic implications of the mitochondrial A3243G tRNALeu(UUR) mutation. Acta Neurol Scand 2007; 116:1-14. [PMID: 17587249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are frequently caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes and usually present as multisystem disease. One of the most frequent mitochondrial mutations is the A3,243G transition in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene. The phenotypic expression of the mutation is variable and comprises syndromic or non-syndromic mitochondrial disorders. Among the syndromic manifestations the mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke-like episode (MELAS) syndrome is the most frequent. In single cases the A3,243G mutation may be associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness syndrome, myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome, MELAS/MERRF overlap syndrome, maternally inherited Leigh syndrome, chronic external ophthalmoplegia, or Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The wide phenotypic variability of the mutation is explained by the peculiarities of the mitochondrial DNA, such as heteroplasmy and mitotic segregation, resulting in different mutation loads in different tissues and family members. Moreover, there is some evidence that additional mtDNA sequence variations (polymorphisms, haplotypes) influence the phenotype of the A3,243G mutation. This review aims to give an overview on the actual knowledge about the genetic, pathogenetic, and phenotypic implications of the A3,243G mtDNA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Elson JL, Majamaa K, Howell N, Chinnery PF. Associating mitochondrial DNA variation with complex traits. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:378-82; author reply 382-3. [PMID: 17304709 PMCID: PMC1785337 DOI: 10.1086/511652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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26
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Pereira L, Gonçalves J, Franco-Duarte R, Silva J, Rocha T, Arnold C, Richards M, Macaulay V. No evidence for an mtDNA role in sperm motility: data from complete sequencing of asthenozoospermic males. Mol Biol Evol 2007; 24:868-74. [PMID: 17218641 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (approximately 16,569 bp) in 20 patients with asthenozoospermia and a comparison with 23 new complete mtDNA sequences in teratoasthenozoospermic individuals, confirmed no sharing of specific polymorphisms or specific mitochondrial lineages between these individuals. This is strong evidence against the accepted claim of a major role played by mtDNA in male fertility, once supported by haplogroup association studies based on the screening of hypervariable region I. The hypothesis of maternally driven selection acting in male reproductive success must thus be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Pereira
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Sun C, Kong QP, Zhang YP. The role of climate in human mitochondrial DNA evolution: a reappraisal. Genomics 2006; 89:338-42. [PMID: 17188837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proposed that selection has been involved in the differentiation of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and climate was the main driving force. This viewpoint, however, gets no support from the subsequent studies and remains controversial thus far. To clarify this issue, a total of 237 complete mtDNA sequences belonging to autochthonous lineages from South Asia, Oceania, and East Asia were collected to seek for the imprint of selection. Based on nonsynonymous (N) and synonymous (S) substitutions analysis, our results confirmed that purifying selection was the predominant force during the evolution of human mtDNA. However, no significant and extensive difference was detected among these three regions, which did not support the climate adaptation hypothesis but preferred random genetic drift to be the main factor in shaping the current landscape of human mtDNA, at least those from Asian and Oceanian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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28
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Seligmann H, Krishnan NM, Rao BJ. Mitochondrial tRNA sequences as unusual replication origins: Pathogenic implications for Homo sapiens. J Theor Biol 2006; 243:375-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Manwaring N, Jones MM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P, Sue CM. Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in an Australian population. Intern Med J 2006; 36:530-3. [PMID: 16866660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are 'neutral polymorphisms' in the mtDNA genome, which have accumulated and persisted along maternal lineages as the human population has migrated worldwide. Three ethnically distinct lineages of human mtDNA populations have been identified: European, characterized by nine haplogroups H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W and X; African, characterized by superhaplogroup L and Asian, characterized by superhaplogroup M. We studied the prevalence of mtDNA haplogroups in participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a large population-based survey of vision conducted between 1991 and 2000 of non-institutionalized permanent residents aged 49 years or older from two suburban postcode areas, west of Sydney, Australia. Total DNA isolated from either hair follicles or blood was available for 3377 of the 3509 participants (96.2%) to determine mtDNA haplogroups by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Approximately 94.2% of samples could be assigned to one of the nine major European haplogroups, whereas a further 1.2% included the African (L) and Asian (M) superhaplogroups. The five principal haplogroups represented were H (42.9%), U (14.1%), J (10.7%), T (9.2%) and K (8.1%), which together included 85% of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manwaring
- Kolling Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Gallardo ME, Moreno-Loshuertos R, López C, Casqueiro M, Silva J, Bonilla F, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Enríquez JA. m.6267G>A: a recurrent mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA that reduces cytochrome c oxidase activity and is associated with tumors. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:575-82. [PMID: 16671096 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of 13 cell lines derived from a variety of human cancers revealed nine novel mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations. One of them, m.6267G>A, is a recurrent mutation that introduces the Ala122Thr substitution in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1): p.MT-CO1: Ala122Thr (GenBank: NP_536845.1). Biochemical analysis of the original cell lines and the transmitochondrial cybrids generated by transferring mitochondrial DNAs to a common nuclear background, indicate that cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, respiration, and growth in galactose are impaired by the m.6267G>A mutation. This mutation, found twice in the cancer cell lines included in this study, has been also encountered in one out of 63 breast cancer samples, one out of 64 colon cancer samples, one out of 260 prostate cancer samples, and in one out of 15 pancreatic cancer cell lines. In all instances the m.6267G>A mutation was associated to different mtDNA haplogroups. These findings, contrast with the extremely low frequency of the m.6267G>A mutation in the normal population (1:2264) and its apparent absence in other pathologies, strongly suggesting that the m.6267G>A missense mutation is a recurrent mutation specifically associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esther Gallardo
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Maassen JA, Jahangir Tafrechi RS, Janssen GMC, Raap AK, Lemkes HH, 't Hart LM. New insights in the molecular pathogenesis of the maternally inherited diabetes and deafness syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2006; 35:385-96, x-xi. [PMID: 16632100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic variant that is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes during life. Enhanced aging of pancreatic beta-cells, a reduced capacity of these cells to synthesize large amounts of insulin,and a resetting of the ATP/ADP-regulated K-channel seem to be the pathogenic factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Maassen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Carelli V, Achilli A, Valentino ML, Rengo C, Semino O, Pala M, Olivieri A, Mattiazzi M, Pallotti F, Carrara F, Zeviani M, Leuzzi V, Carducci C, Valle G, Simionati B, Mendieta L, Salomao S, Belfort R, Sadun AA, Torroni A. Haplogroup effects and recombination of mitochondrial DNA: novel clues from the analysis of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:564-74. [PMID: 16532388 PMCID: PMC1424694 DOI: 10.1086/501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 87 index cases with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) sequentially diagnosed in Italy, including an extremely large Brazilian family of Italian maternal ancestry, was evaluated in detail. Only seven pairs and three triplets of identical haplotypes were observed, attesting that the large majority of the LHON mutations were due to independent mutational events. Assignment of the mutational events into haplogroups confirmed that J1 and J2 play a role in LHON expression but narrowed the association to the subclades J1c and J2b, thus suggesting that two specific combinations of amino acid changes in the cytochrome b are the cause of the mtDNA background effect and that this may occur at the level of the supercomplex formed by respiratory-chain complexes I and III. The families with identical haplotypes were genealogically reinvestigated, which led to the reconnection into extended pedigrees of three pairs of families, including the Brazilian family with its Italian counterpart. The sequencing of entire mtDNA samples from the reconnected families confirmed the genealogical reconstruction but showed that the Brazilian family was heteroplasmic at two control-region positions. The survey of the two sites in 12 of the Brazilian subjects revealed triplasmy in most cases, but there was no evidence of the tetraplasmy that would be expected in the case of mtDNA recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Carelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Maria Lucia Valentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Chiara Rengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Maria Pala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Marina Mattiazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Franco Carrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Carla Carducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Barbara Simionati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Luana Mendieta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Solange Salomao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Alfredo A. Sadun
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Doheny Eye Institute, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,” Milan; Dipartimenti di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche dell’ Età Evolutiva and Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome; Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padua, Padua, Italy; and Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo
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33
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Jacobs LJAM, de Wert G, Geraedts JPM, de Coo IFM, Smeets HJM. The transmission of OXPHOS disease and methods to prevent this. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 12:119-36. [PMID: 16199488 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases owing to defects of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) affect approximately 1 in 8,000 individuals. Clinical manifestations can be extremely variable and range from single-affected tissues to multisystemic syndromes. In general, tissues with a high energy demand, like brain, heart and muscle, are affected. The OXPHOS system is under dual genetic control, and mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes can cause OXPHOS diseases. The expression and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is different from nuclear gene defects. The mtDNA mutations can be either homoplasmic or heteroplasmic and in the latter case disease becomes manifest when the mutation exceeds a tissue-specific threshold. This mutation load can vary between tissues and often an exact correlation between mutation load and phenotypic expression is lacking. The transmission of mtDNA mutations is exclusively maternal, but the mutation load between embryos can vary tremendously because of a segregational bottleneck. Diseases by nuclear gene mutations show a normal Mendelian inheritance pattern and often have a more constant clinical manifestation. Given the prevalence and severity of OXPHOS disorders and the lack of adequate therapy, existing and new methods for the prevention of transmission of OXPHOS disorders, like prenatal diagnosis (PND), preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), cytoplasmic transfer (CT) and nuclear transfer (NT), are technically and ethically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J A M Jacobs
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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34
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Jacobs HT, Hutchin TP, Käppi T, Gillies G, Minkkinen K, Walker J, Thompson K, Rovio AT, Carella M, Melchionda S, Zelante L, Gasparini P, Pyykkö I, Shah ZH, Zeviani M, Mueller RF. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in patients with postlingual, nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:26-33. [PMID: 15292920 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial mutations have previously been reported anecdotally in families with maternally inherited, nonsyndromic hearing impairment. To ascertain the contribution of mitochondrial mutations to postlingual but early-onset, nonsyndromic hearing impairment, we screened patients collected from within two different populations (southern Italy and UK) for previously reported mtDNA mutations associated with hearing disorders. Primer extension (SNP analysis) was used to screen for specific mutations, revealing cases of heteroplasmy and its extent. The most frequently implicated tRNA genes, Leu(UUR) and Ser(UCN), were also sequenced in all Italian patients. All tRNA genes were sequenced in those UK patients showing the clearest likelihood of maternal inheritance. Causative mtDNA mutations were found in approximately 5% of patients in both populations, representing almost 10% of cases that were clearly familial. Age of onset, where known, was generally before adulthood, and hearing loss was typically progressive. Haplogroup analysis revealed a possible excess of haplogroup cluster HV in the patients, compared with population controls, but of borderline statistical significance. In contrast, we did not find any of the previously reported mtDNA mutations, nor a significant deviation from haplogroup cluster frequencies typical of the control population, in patients with late adult-onset hearing loss (age-related hearing impairment) from the UK or Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Medical Technology & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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35
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Pereira L, Gonçalves J, Goios A, Rocha T, Amorim A. Human mtDNA haplogroups and reduced male fertility: real association or hidden population substructuring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:241-7. [PMID: 16048637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup association study carried out in 101 southern Portuguese males with oligozoospermia showed to be negative when comparing with a geographically matching control sample. Misleading positive association signs were however obtained when using other control samples from the same country. This shows that mtDNA population substructure can also introduce spurious signs in haplogroup association studies, as previously reported for Y-chromosome. However, our data do not exclude the probability that a particular mtDNA mutation contributes significantly to the reduction of sperm production, but indeed precludes the hypothesis of a significant association between such a mutation and specific haplogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Pereira
- IPATIMUP (Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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36
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Schaefer AM, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF. The epidemiology of mitochondrial disorders--past, present and future. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1659:115-20. [PMID: 15576042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies of mitochondrial disease have been carried out over the last decade, clearly demonstrating that mitochondrial disorders are far more common than was previously accepted. This review summarizes current knowledge of the prevalence of human mitochondrial disorders--data that has important implications for the provision of health care and adequate resources for research into the pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders.
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37
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Valentino ML, Barboni P, Ghelli A, Bucchi L, Rengo C, Achilli A, Torroni A, Lugaresi A, Lodi R, Barbiroli B, Dotti M, Federico A, Baruzzi A, Carelli V. The ND1 gene of complex I is a mutational hot spot for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2005; 56:631-41. [PMID: 15505787 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transition (3733G-->A) inducing the E143 K amino acid change at a very conserved site of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) was identified in a family with six maternally related individuals with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and in an unrelated sporadic case, all negative for known mutations and presenting with the canonical phenotype. The transition was not detected in 1,082 control mtDNAs and was heteroplasmic in several individuals from both pedigrees. In addition, the mtDNAs of the two families were found to belong to different haplogroups (H and X), thus confirming that the 3733G-->A mutation occurred twice independently. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy disclosed an in vivo brain and skeletal muscle energy metabolism deficit in the four examined patients. Muscle biopsy from two patients showed slight mitochondrial proliferation with abnormal mitochondria. Biochemical investigations in platelets showed partially insensitive complex I to rotenone inhibition. We conclude that the 3733G-->A transition is a novel cause of LHON and, after those at positions 3460 and 4171, is the third ND1 mutation to be identified in multiple unrelated families. This finding shows that, in addition to ND6, the ND1 subunit gene is also a mutational hot spot for LHON.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Family Health
- Female
- Ferricyanides/metabolism
- Glutamic Acid/genetics
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lysine/genetics
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure
- Models, Molecular
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Mutation
- NAD/metabolism
- NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics
- NADH Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Occipital Lobe/diagnostic imaging
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/metabolism
- Pedigree
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Rotenone/pharmacology
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Visual Acuity/physiology
- Visual Fields/physiology
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38
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Abstract
The small circle of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) present in all human cells has proven to be a veritable Pandora's box of pathogenic mutations and rearrangements. In this review, we summarize the distinctive rules of mitochondrial genetics (maternal inheritance, mitotic segregation, heteroplasmy and threshold effect), stress the relatively high prevalence of mtDNA-related diseases, and consider recent additions to the already long list of pathogenic mutations (especially mutations affecting protein-coding genes). We then discuss more controversial issues, including the functional or pathological role of mtDNA haplotypes, the pathogenicity of homoplasmic mutations and the still largely obscure pathophysiology of mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Dimauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Goios A, Nogueira C, Pereira C, Vilarinho L, Amorim A, Pereira L. mtDNA single macrodeletions associated with myopathies: absence of haplogroup-related increased risk. J Inherit Metab Dis 2005; 28:769-78. [PMID: 16151908 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-005-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2004] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As for any non-recombining genome, any mutation at mtDNA, if not recurrent, appears on a particular haplotype background, allowing its detection by haplogroup association studies. It has been shown that the propensity for occurrence of single macrodeletions at a level beyond the pathological threshold is associated with super-haplogroup U/K. However, in this report, we present evidence for the absence of preferential haplogroup backgrounds for single macrodeletions. We have analysed how haplogroup diagnostic polymorphisms could disrupt direct repeats usually flanking the deleted segment, and we have concluded that for the Common Deletion, no such polymorphisms are observed in humans, but they do occur in other primates. Furthermore, we also report five new single macrodeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goios
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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40
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Abstract
Mitochondria provide cells with most of the energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are complex organelles encoded both by nuclear and mtDNA. Only a few mitochondrial components are encoded by mtDNA, most of the mt-proteins are nuclear DNA encoded. Remarkably, the majority of the known mutations leading to a mitochondrial disease have been identified in mtDNA rather than in nuclear DNA. In general, the idea is that these pathogenic mutations in mtDNA affect energy supply leading to a disease state. Remarkably, different mtDNA mutations can associate with distinct disease states, a situation that is difficult to reconcile with the idea that a reduced ATP production is the sole pathogenic factor. This review deals with emerging insight into the mechanism by which the A3243G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA (Leu, UUR) gene associates with diabetes as major clinical expression. A decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and a premature aging of these cells seem to be the main process by which this mutation causes diabetes. The underlying mechanisms and variability in clinical presentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Maassen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology LUMC, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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van den Bosch BJC, de Coo IFM, Hendrickx ATM, Busch HFM, de Jong G, Scholte HR, Smeets HJM. Increased risk for cardiorespiratory failure associated with the A3302G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA encoded tRNALeu(UUR) gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 14:683-8. [PMID: 15351426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Screening the mitochondrial DNA of a 64-year-old woman with mitochondrial myopathy revealed 76% of the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) A3302G mutation in muscle. Muscle of her affected son carried 96% mutated mitochondrial DNA. Both patients were biopsied twice, showing isolated complex I deficiency in the son's first biopsy, additional increased (within normal range) complex II + III activities in his second biopsy, combined complex I, II + III deficiency in mothers first biopsy and additional complex IV deficiency in her second biopsy. After a stay in the mountains, the son died of cardiac arrhythmia. The A3302G mutation has been reported before and is associated with mitochondrial myopathy and cardiorespiratory failure. Pathogenesis is explained by abnormal mtRNA processing, which was also reported for the adjacent C3303T mutation associated with cardiomyopathy and/or skeletal myopathy. Our findings suggest that a high mutation load of the A3302G mutation can lead to fatal cardiorespiratory failure, likely triggered by low environmental oxygen pressure and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J C van den Bosch
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, CARIM, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kong QP, Yao YG, Sun C, Bandelt HJ, Zhu CL, Zhang YP. Phylogeny of east Asian mitochondrial DNA lineages inferred from complete sequences. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:671-6. [PMID: 12870132 PMCID: PMC1180693 DOI: 10.1086/377718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The now-emerging mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) population genomics provides information for reconstructing a well-resolved mtDNA phylogeny and for discerning the phylogenetic status of the subcontinentally specific haplogroups. Although several major East Asian mtDNA haplogroups have been identified in studies elsewhere, some of the most basal haplogroups, as well as numerous minor subhaplogroups, were not yet determined or fully characterized. To fill the lacunae, we selected 48 mtDNAs from >2,000 samples across China for complete sequencing that cover virtually all (sub)haplogroups discernible to date in East Asia. This East Asian mtDNA phylogeny can henceforth serve as a solid basis for phylogeographic analyses of mtDNAs, as well as for studies of mitochondrial diseases in East and Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Kong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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