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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae Avoids Induction of Proinflammatory Epithelial Cell Responses despite Robustly Inducing TLR2 Signaling. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0012922. [PMID: 35862703 PMCID: PMC9387261 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00129-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most common bacterial causes of pneumonia in children. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia differ significantly between the two bacteria. We aimed to elucidate the differences in pathogenesis between M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae by characterizing the respiratory epithelial cell immune response to both pathogens. Using primary human bronchial epithelial cells in air-liquid interface cultures, we observed lower production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in response to M. pneumoniae than to S. pneumoniae. In contrast to the differences in proinflammatory cytokine production, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated signaling in response to M. pneumoniae was stronger than to S. pneumoniae. This difference largely depended on TLR1 and not TLR6. We found that M. pneumoniae, but not S. pneumoniae, also induced signaling of TLR10, a coreceptor of TLR2 that has inhibitory properties. M. pneumoniae-induced TLR10 signaling on airway epithelial cells was partially responsible for low IL-8 production, as blocking TLR10 by specific antibodies increased cytokine production. M. pneumoniae maintained Th2-associated cytokine production by epithelial cells, which concurs with the known association of M. pneumoniae infection with asthma. M. pneumoniae left IL-33 levels unchanged, whereas S. pneumoniae downregulated IL-33 production both under homeostatic and Th2-promoting conditions. By directly comparing M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae, we demonstrate that M. pneumoniae avoids induction of proinflammatory cytokine response despite its ability to induce robust TLR2 signaling. Our new findings suggest that this apparent paradox may be partially explained by M. pneumoniae-induced signaling of TLR2/TLR10.
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Bowen L, Manlove K, Roug A, Waters S, LaHue N, Wolff P. Using transcriptomics to predict and visualize disease status in bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac046. [PMID: 35795016 PMCID: PMC9252122 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing risk of pathogen spillover coupled with overall declines in wildlife population abundance in the Anthropocene make infectious disease a relevant concern for species conservation worldwide. While emerging molecular tools could improve our diagnostic capabilities and give insight into mechanisms underlying wildlife disease risk, they have rarely been applied in practice. Here, employing a previously reported gene transcription panel of common immune markers to track physiological changes, we present a detailed analysis over the course of both acute and chronic infection in one wildlife species where disease plays a critical role in conservation, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Differential gene transcription patterns distinguished between infection statuses over the course of acute infection and differential correlation (DC) analyses identified clear changes in gene co-transcription patterns over the early stages of infection, with transcription of four genes-TGFb, AHR, IL1b and MX1-continuing to increase even as transcription of other immune-associated genes waned. In a separate analysis, we considered the capacity of the same gene transcription panel to aid in differentiating between chronically infected animals and animals in other disease states outside of acute disease events (an immediate priority for wildlife management in this system). We found that this transcription panel was capable of accurately identifying chronically infected animals in the test dataset, though additional data will be required to determine how far this ability extends. Taken together, our results showcase the successful proof of concept and breadth of potential utilities that gene transcription might provide to wildlife disease management, from direct insight into mechanisms associated with differential disease response to improved diagnostic capacity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kezia Manlove
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Annette Roug
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Shannon Waters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nate LaHue
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
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Chu KA, Ou TY, Hung WH, Sung J, Chen W, Lin CL, Hung YM, Wei JCC. Mycoplasma pneumonia Infection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815136. [PMID: 35531287 PMCID: PMC9069054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumonia) infection and the incidence of SLE. Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with M. pneumoniae between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 447,839 matched inpatients who had never been diagnosed with M. pneumonia infection (at a 1:4 ratio, matched by age, gender, and index year). Their comparative risk of developing SLE was evaluated. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of M. pneumonia infection to the date of SLE diagnosis, or December 31, 2013. The incidence rates of SLE were assessed in people with and without M. pneumoniae infection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the uninfected group used as the reference. Results The adjusted HR of SLE for the M. pneumoniae group was 2.97 with 95% CI = 2.18–4.05 compared with the uninfected group. The risk was most significantly higher within 0.5 years after the M. pneumoniae infection with an adjusted HR of 6.18 (95% CI = 3.82–9.97, p < 0.01). The adjusted HR for SLE from 0.5 to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years after M. pneumoniae infection was 1.59 (95% CI = 0.70–3.59, p = 0.27) and 2.42 (95% CI = 1.22–4.81, p = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of SLE was significantly higher in subjects infected with M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-An Chu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Hung
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jie Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Weishan Chen
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yao-Min Hung,
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- James Cheng-Chung Wei,
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彭 力, 钟 礼, 黄 振, 黎 燕, 张 兵. [Clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and peripheral lymphocytopenia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:74-77. [PMID: 33476541 PMCID: PMC7818155 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and peripheral lymphocytopenia. METHODS A total of 310 MPP children who were hospitalized and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage from June 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled and divided into two groups: simple MPP group with 241 children (without peripheral lymphocytopenia) and MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group with 69 children. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and treatment outcome. RESULTS Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly longer duration of fever and length of hospital stay and significant increases in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA copies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05). Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly higher incidence rates of intrapulmonary consolidation, extrapulmonary complications, and serious lesions under bronchoscopy (erosion or sputum bolt) and a significantly higher proportion of patients with severe MPP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with MPP and peripheral lymphocytopenia tend to have more severe immunologic injury. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count may be used to evaluate the severity of MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- 力 彭
- />湖南省人民医院儿童医学中心儿童呼吸病学湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410005Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Pediatric Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 礼立 钟
- />湖南省人民医院儿童医学中心儿童呼吸病学湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410005Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Pediatric Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 振 黄
- />湖南省人民医院儿童医学中心儿童呼吸病学湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410005Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Pediatric Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 燕 黎
- />湖南省人民医院儿童医学中心儿童呼吸病学湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410005Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Pediatric Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 兵 张
- />湖南省人民医院儿童医学中心儿童呼吸病学湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410005Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Pediatric Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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He H, Wang X, Xiao Y, Zheng J, Wang J, Zhang B. Comparative efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23747. [PMID: 33371133 PMCID: PMC7748181 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common respiratory disease in children. Its incidence rate is increasing year by year. The drug resistance rate of macrolide antibiotics and other conventional treatment methods is higher, and there are limitations in clinical application. Traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM) is a powerful weapon to treat this disease. At present, there is no comparison of the safety and effectiveness of multiple TCPMs in the treatment of MPP in children. Therefore, we take the method of network meta-analysis to systematically compare the efficacy of various TCPMs in the treatment of this disease. METHODS We will conduct comprehensive searches of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature, Wanfang Database, and other electronic databases. The time frame is set from the establishment of the database to October 2020. All randomized controlled trials that meet the inclusion criteria will be included in this study. The 2 researchers will independently screen the literature according to the inclusion criteria, extract the data, and assess the bias risk of the included study. We will evaluate all the obtained data and evidence through Bayesian network meta-analysis, and use Stata 15.0 to process and analyze the data. RESULTS Through this study, we will evaluate the efficacy and safety of a variety of TCPMs for the treatment of MPP in children. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study is to provide a strong reference for clinical application of TCPMs in the treatment of MPP in children, and to provide an important basis for clinicians to make correct judgments and put forward accurate treatment plans. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review does not involve any human or animal experiments and therefore does not require ethical approval. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY 2020100108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongan He
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jialin Zheng
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jinjuan Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Bowen L, Longshore K, Wolff P, Klinger R, Cox M, Bullock S, Waters S, Miles AK. Gene Transcript Profiling in Desert Bighorn Sheep. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizabeth Bowen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterSacramento CA 95826 USA
| | - Kathleen Longshore
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterSacramento CA 95826 USA
| | - Peregrine Wolff
- Nevada Department of Wildlife 6980 Sierra Center Parkway, Suite 120 Reno NV 89511 USA
| | - Robert Klinger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterOakhurst CA 93644 USA
| | - Michael Cox
- Nevada Department of Wildlife 6980 Sierra Center Pkwy. Suite 120 Reno NV 89511 USA
| | - Sarah Bullock
- Desert National Wildlife Refuge 16001 Corn Creek Road Las Vegas NV 89124 USA
| | - Shannon Waters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterSacramento CA 95826 USA
| | - A. Keith Miles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterSacramento CA 95826 USA
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Eini P, Majzoobi MM, Ghasemi Basir HR, Moosavi Z, Moradi A. Comparison of the serum level of interleukin-4 in patients with brucellosis and healthy controls. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23267. [PMID: 32100374 PMCID: PMC7370742 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) can be an important tool in examining immune responses to brucellosis. Also, determining the response rate to treatment is necessary for controlling and eradicating of disease. The review of previous studies reveals contradictory results that require further research in this regard. The aim of this study was to compare the serum level of IL-4 in patients with brucellosis and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study for comparison of two groups, a total of 165 participants, including 83 patients with brucellosis and 82 non-infected people, were evaluated after matching of sex and age in Hamadan (northwest of Iran) in 2017 and the serum level of IL-4 was compared by ELISA method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 at 95% significant level. RESULTS Mean of age in the case and control groups were 50.25 ± 16.01 and 43.26 ± 15.6 years, respectively. The serum levels of IL-4 in the case and control groups were 1.42 ± 0.51 pg/mL and 1.31 ± 1.02 pg/mL, respectively. Based on the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, the IL-4 level was significantly higher in the case group, compared with the control (P < .001), but no statistically significant relationship was found between serum levels of IL-4 with age, sex, and serologic titers of Wright and 2ME. CONCLUSION In patients with brucellosis, the level of IL-4 increases independently of the duration and severity of the disease, which indicates the role of this cytokine of immune system in this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Eini
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Ghasemi Basir
- Department of Pathology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Moradi
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Lim S, Yun HK, Kang KM, Lee BL, Won R, Lee IH. Interactions between Mycoplasma pulmonis and immune systems in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 114:103231. [PMID: 31479697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating organisms, are unique in that they lack cell walls but possess distinctive plasma membranes containing sterol acquired from their growth environment. Although mycoplasmas are known to be successful pathogens in a wide range of animal hosts, including humans, the molecular basis for their virulence and interaction with the host immune systems remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to elucidate the biochemical relationship between mycoplasma and the insect immune system. We investigated defense reactions of Tenebrio molitor that were activated in response to infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis. The results revealed that T. molitor larvae were more resistant to mycoplasma infection than normal bacteria equipped with cell walls. Intruding M. pulmonis cells were effectively killed by toxins generated from activation of the proPO cascade in hemolymph, but not by cellular reactions or antimicrobial peptides. It was determined that these different anti-mycoplasma effects of T. molitor immune components were primarily attributable to surface molecules of M. pulmonis such as phospholipids occurring in the outer leaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer. While phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid derived from the growth environment, contributed to the resistance of M. pulmonis against antimicrobial peptides produced by T. molitor, phosphatidylglycerol was responsible for triggering activation of the proPO cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooa Lim
- Department of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Kyung Yun
- Department of Biofood & Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, 360 Daegok-ri, Haemi-myen, Seosan, Chungnam, 356-706, South Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, South Korea
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Ran Won
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Division of Health Sciences, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, South Korea
| | - In Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, South Korea.
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Chao J, Han X, Liu K, Li Q, Peng Q, Lu S, Zhu X, Hu G, Dong Y, Hu C, Chen Y, Chen J, Khan FA, Chen H, Guo AA. Calves Infected with Virulent and Attenuated Mycoplasma bovis Strains Have Upregulated Th17 Inflammatory and Th1 Protective Responses, Respectively. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090656. [PMID: 31466385 PMCID: PMC6770603 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a critical bovine pathogen, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, the virulent HB0801 (P1) and attenuated HB0801-P150 (P150) strains of M. bovis were used to explore the potential pathogenesis and effect of induced immunity from calves’ differential transcriptomes post infection. Nine one-month-old male calves were infected with P1, P150, or mock-infected with medium and euthanized at 60 days post-infection. Calves in P1 group exhibited other clinical signs and pathological changes compared to the other two groups. Transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed seven and 10 hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P1 and P150 groups compared with mock-infected group, respectively. Then, P1-induced pathogenesis was predicted to be associated with enhanced Th17, and P150-induced immunity with Th1 response and expression of ubiquitination-associated enzymes. Association analysis showed that 14 and 11 DEGs were positively and negatively correlated with pathological changes, respectively. Furthermore, up-regulated expression in molecules critical to differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells in lung and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in P1 group was validated at RNA and protein levels. The results confirmed virulent and attenuated strains might be associated with biased differentiation of pro-inflammatory pathogenic Th17 and Th1 subsets respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingni Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Siyi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guyue Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - And Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Antibodies to Protein but Not Glycolipid Structures Are Important for Host Defense against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00663-18. [PMID: 30396892 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00663-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae correlate with pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance. However, M. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibodies can cross-react with the myelin glycolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and cause neurological disorders. We assessed whether antiglycolipid antibody formation is part of the physiological immune response to M. pneumoniae We show that antibodies against M. pneumoniae proteins and glycolipids arise in serum of M. pneumoniae-infected children and mice. Although antibodies to M. pneumoniae glycolipids were mainly IgG, anti-GalC antibodies were only IgM. B-1a cells, shown to aid in protection against pathogen-derived glycolipids, are lacking in Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice. M. pneumoniae-infected Btk-deficient mice developed M. pneumoniae-specific IgG responses to M. pneumoniae proteins but not to M. pneumoniae glycolipids, including GalC. The equal recovery from M. pneumoniae infection in Btk-deficient and wild-type mice suggests that pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance is predominantly mediated by IgG reactive with M. pneumoniae proteins and that M. pneumoniae glycolipid-specific IgG or IgM is not essential. These data will guide the development of M. pneumoniae-targeting vaccines that avoid the induction of neurotoxic antibodies.
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Zheng X, Xie T, Lin Y, Yang J, Huang L, Zhang J, Han X, Hu J. Immune Response and Mechanisms of IFN-γ in Administration for Keratomycosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018; 27:958-967. [PMID: 30307777 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2018.1491604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the immune response and mechanisms of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the fungal keratitis in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into two groups: group A, topical PBS four times daily post-infection; group B: topical IFN-γ four times daily post-infection. At1, 3, 5, and 7 days, the corneal lesions and inflammatory responses were observed by slit lamp, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate F4/80+ and CD4+ cells. Using ELISA, and RT-PCR to detect the expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Results: The treatment with IFN-γ decreased clinical scores and expression levels of IL-4, increased expression of F4/80+ and CD4+ cells, whereas IL-12, MIF, and MIP-2 were expressed highly, and the peaks of IL-10 and IFN-γ move forward. Conclusion: This experiment showed that IFN-γ eye drops increase the accumulation of macrophages and shorten the duration of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Tianlu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Libin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Jingjin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
| | - Jianzhang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Eye Institute , Fu Zhou , P.R. , China
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Autoimmune-Disease-Prone NOD Mice Help To Reveal a New Genetic Locus for Reducing Pulmonary Disease Caused by Mycoplasma pulmonis. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00812-17. [PMID: 29263105 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00812-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are bacterial pathogens of a range of animals, including humans, and are a common cause of respiratory disease. However, the host genetic factors that affect resistance to infection or regulate the resulting pulmonary inflammation are not well defined. We and others have previously demonstrated that nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice can be used to investigate disease loci that affect bacterial infection and autoimmune diabetes. Here we show that NOD mice are more susceptible than C57BL/6 (B6) mice to infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis, a natural model of pulmonary mycoplasmosis. The lungs of infected NOD mice had higher loads of M. pulmonis and more severe inflammatory lesions. Moreover, congenic NOD mice that harbored different B6-derived chromosomal intervals enabled identification and localization of a new mycoplasmosis locus, termed Mpr2, on chromosome 13. These congenic NOD mice demonstrated that the B6 allele for Mpr2 reduced the severity of pulmonary inflammation caused by infection with M. pulmonis and that this was associated with altered cytokine and chemokine concentrations in the infected lungs. Mpr2 also colocalizes to the same genomic interval as Listr2 and Idd14, genetic loci linked to listeriosis resistance and autoimmune diabetes susceptibility, respectively, suggesting that allelic variation within these loci may affect the development of both infectious and autoimmune disease.
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Wang M, Gong S, Du S, Zhu Y, Rong F, Pan R, Di Y, Li C, Ren D, Jin N. The effect of immunoregulation of Streptococcus lactis L16 strain upon Staphylococcus aureus infection. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:130. [PMID: 28577529 PMCID: PMC5457572 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes various infections in medical facilities. However, resistance to multiple drugs has made this infection difficult to manage. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to solve this worldwide public health problem. The Streptococcus lactis L16 strain was isolated from the fermented hot chili sauce. To explore whether it can be used as a protective agent against S. aureus infection, we designed a mouse model of S. aureus infection to evaluate the therapeutic potency of S. lactis. Mice were grouped into pre-(P) and post-(T) S. aureus infection groups following oral administration of S. lactis L16. The protection and treatment effects were assessed by examining body weight, internal organ weight, serum cytokines and intestinal secretory IgA alternations. RESULT Oral administration of the S. lactis L16 strain reduced the loss of body weight in mice post-infection and alleviated infection-induced hepatomegaly. In particular, the PL16 group (protection with L16) showed more effective resistance to S. aureus than the TL16 group (treatment with L16). The level of serum cytokine interferon gamma following oral administration of the L16 strain was remarkably increased during infection, as were interleukin-4 levels during convalescence. The probiotic L16 strain induced more sIgA production than S. aureus. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that S. lactis L16 is an effective strain with anti-Staphylococcus activity. By regulating the Th1/Th2 response, S. lactis can effectively reduce lesions from infection, indicating its therapeutic potential in overcoming antibiotic resistance in this mouse infection model that mimics infections observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Rong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Di
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Odeh AN, Simecka JW. Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T Cells Dampen Inflammatory Disease in Murine Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Promote IL-17 and IFN-γ Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155648. [PMID: 27175511 PMCID: PMC4866680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas cause respiratory diseases characterized by persistent infection and chronic airway inflammation. Mycoplasma lung disease is immunopathologic, with CD4+ Th cells determining both disease severity and resistance to infection. Th2 cell responses promote immunopathology, while Th1 cells confer resistance to infection. However, regulatory CD4+ T cells may also have a role in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma respiratory diseases. We hypothesized Treg cells control the severity of the inflammatory lesions and may also promote persistence of infection. To examine this, BALB/c mice were depleted of CD25+ cells, and had increased disease severity due to Mycoplasma pulmonis infection. Increases in mycoplasma antibody responses and lymphocyte infiltration into lungs also occurred after CD25+ cell depletion. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells promoted IFN-γ and IL-17 mycoplasma-specific CD4+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo, while dampening IL-13+ Th responses. Neither IL-10 nor TGF-ß expression was detected in CD4+CD25+ T cells from lymph nodes. Thus, a regulatory T cell population plays an important role in controlling damaging immune responses in mycoplasma respiratory disease but does not contribute to persistence of infection. It appears that a regulatory T cell population preferentially dampens Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory responses to mycoplasma through a mechanism independent of IL-10 or TGF-ß characteristic of “classic” Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Odeh
- Preclinical Services and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Jerry W. Simecka
- Preclinical Services and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Dobbs NA, Zhou X, Pulse M, Hodge LM, Schoeb TR, Simecka JW. Antigen-pulsed bone marrow-derived and pulmonary dendritic cells promote Th2 cell responses and immunopathology in lungs during the pathogenesis of murine Mycoplasma pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1353-63. [PMID: 24973442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are a common cause of pneumonia in humans and animals, and attempts to create vaccines have not only failed to generate protective host responses, but they have exacerbated the disease. Mycoplasma pulmonis causes a chronic inflammatory lung disease resulting from a persistent infection, similar to other mycoplasma respiratory diseases. Using this model, Th1 subsets promote resistance to mycoplasma disease and infection, whereas Th2 responses contribute to immunopathology. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of cytokine-differentiated dendritic cell (DC) populations to influence the generation of protective and/or pathologic immune responses during M. pulmonis respiratory disease in BALB/c mice. We hypothesized that intratracheal inoculation of mycoplasma Ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs could result in the generation of protective T cell responses during mycoplasma infection. However, intratracheal inoculation (priming) of mice with Ag-pulsed DCs resulted in enhanced pathology in the recipient mice when challenged with mycoplasma. Inoculation of immunodeficient SCID mice with Ag-pulsed DCs demonstrated that this effect was dependent on lymphocyte responses. Similar results were observed when mice were primed with Ag-pulsed pulmonary, but not splenic, DCs. Lymphocytes generated in uninfected mice after the transfer of either Ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs or pulmonary DCs were shown to be IL-13(+) Th2 cells, known to be associated with immunopathology. Thus, resident pulmonary DCs most likely promote the development of immunopathology in mycoplasma disease through the generation of mycoplasma-specific Th2 responses. Vaccination strategies that disrupt or bypass this process could potentially result in a more effective vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Dobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
| | - Lisa M Hodge
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Division of Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jerry W Simecka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
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16
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Sun X, Jones HP, Dobbs N, Bodhankar S, Simecka JW. Dendritic cells are the major antigen presenting cells in inflammatory lesions of murine Mycoplasma respiratory disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55984. [PMID: 23390557 PMCID: PMC3563630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas cause chronic respiratory diseases in animals and humans, and to date, development of vaccines have been problematic. Using a murine model of mycoplasma pneumonia, lymphocyte responses, specifically T cells, were shown to confer protection as well as promote immunopathology in mycoplasma disease. Because T cells play such a critical role, it is important to define the role of antigen presenting cells (APC) as these cells may influence either exacerbation of mycoplasma disease pathogenesis or enhancement of protective immunity. The roles of APC, such as dendritic cells and/or macrophages, and their ability to modulate adaptive immunity in mycoplasma disease are currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individual pulmonary APC populations that may contribute to the activation of T cell responses during mycoplasma disease pathogenesis. The present study indeed demonstrates increasing numbers of CD11c− F4/80+ cells, which contain macrophages, and more mature/activated CD11c+ F4/80− cells, containing DC, in the lungs after infection. CD11c− F4/80+ macrophage-enriched cells and CD11c+ F4/80− dendritic cell-enriched populations showed different patterns of cytokine mRNA expression, supporting the idea that these cells have different impacts on immunity in response to infection. In fact, DC containing CD11c+ F4/80− cell populations from the lungs of infected mice were most capable of stimulating mycoplasma-specific CD4+ Th cell responses in vitro. In vivo, these CD11c+F4/80− cells were co-localized with CD4+ Th cells in inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs of mycoplasma-infected mice. Thus, CD11c+F4/80− dendritic cells appear to be the major APC population responsible for pulmonary T cell stimulation in mycoplasma-infected mice, and these dendritic cells likely contribute to responses impacting disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangle Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicole Dobbs
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sheetal Bodhankar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerry W. Simecka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nishikado H, Mukai K, Kawano Y, Minegishi Y, Karasuyama H. NK cell-depleting anti-asialo GM1 antibody exhibits a lethal off-target effect on basophils in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5766-71. [PMID: 21490162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune lymphocytes and play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Their pivotal functions in vivo have been illustrated in mice by means of their ablation with NK cell-depleting Abs, particularly anti-asialo GM1 (ASGM1). In this study, we show that the whole population of basophils constitutively expresses ASGM1 as well as CD49b (DX5) as does the NK cell population and was ablated in vivo by anti-ASGM1 as efficiently as by a basophil-depleting anti-FcεRIα Ab. Anti-ASGM1-mediated basophil depletion was operative as for NK cell depletion in various mouse strains, irrespective of NK1 allotype and MHC H2 haplotype, including C57BL/6, BALB/c, C3H, and A/J mice. These results identified basophils as a previously unrecognized target of anti-ASGM1-mediated cell depletion and raised concern about possible contribution of basophils, rather than or in addition to NK cells, to some of phenotypes observed in anti-ASGM1-treated mice. Indeed, regardless of the presence or absence of NK cells in mice, anti-ASGM1 treatment abolished the development of IgE-mediated chronic cutaneous allergic inflammation as efficiently as did the treatment with basophil-depleting Ab. Given the fact that basophils have recently been shown to play crucial roles in a variety of immune responses, our finding of the off-target effect on basophils issues a grave warning about the use of anti-ASGM1 and underscores the need for careful interpretation of phenotypes observed in anti-ASGM1-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Nishikado
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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