1
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Zozaya SM, Teasdale LC, Tedeschi LG, Higgie M, Hoskin CJ, Moritz C. Initiation of speciation across multiple dimensions in a rock-restricted, tropical lizard. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:680-695. [PMID: 36394360 PMCID: PMC10099344 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Population isolation and concomitant genetic divergence, resulting in strong phylogeographical structure, is a core aspect of speciation initiation. If and how speciation then proceeds and ultimately completes depends on multiple factors that mediate reproductive isolation, including divergence in genomes, ecology and mating traits. Here we explored these multiple dimensions in two young (Plio-Pleistocene) species complexes of gekkonid lizards (Heteronotia) from the Kimberley-Victoria River regions of tropical Australia. Using mitochondrial DNA screening and exon capture phylogenomics, we show that the rock-restricted Heteronotia planiceps exhibits exceptional fine-scale phylogeographical structure compared to the codistributed habitat generalist Heteronotia binoei. This indicates pervasive population isolation and persistence in the rock-specialist, and thus a high rate of speciation initiation across this geographically complex region, with levels of genomic divergence spanning the "grey zone" of speciation. Proximal lineages of H. planiceps were often separated by different rock substrates, suggesting a potential role for ecological isolation; however, phylogenetic incongruence and historical introgression were inferred between one such pair. Ecomorphological divergence among lineages within both H. planiceps and H. binoei was limited, except that limestone-restricted lineages of H. planiceps tended to be larger than rock-generalists. By contrast, among-lineage divergence in the chemical composition of epidermal pore secretions (putative mating trait) exceeded ecomorphology in both complexes, but with less trait overlap among lineages in H. planiceps. This system-particularly the rock-specialist H. planiceps-highlights the role of multidimensional divergence during incipient speciation, with divergence in genomes, ecomorphology and chemical signals all at play at very fine spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Zozaya
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - Luisa C Teasdale
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonardo G Tedeschi
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - Megan Higgie
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Townsville, Australia
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Townsville, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
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2
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The role of climatic niche divergence in the speciation of the genus Neurergus: An inter-and intraspecific survey. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Morales CC, Gómez JP, Parra JL. Patterns of morphological differentiation within Manacus manacus (Aves: Pipridae) in Colombia: revisiting hypotheses of isolation and secondary contact. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Determining the factors responsible for phenotypic variation within species is a fundamental task in evolutionary ecology. Isolation by distance, isolation by environment and clines along secondary contact zones between formerly isolated populations are common patterns of morphological variation. In this study, we evaluated whether patterns of morphological variation exhibit association with isolation by distance, isolation by environment or secondary contact in populations of Manacus manacus with contrasting plumage colour. We used field and museum measurements of five morphological characters from 311 individuals from 88 localities distributed across a highly heterogeneous environmental range within Colombia. Climatic variables explained a higher proportion of the variation than geographic distance among localities. We found differences in wing and culmen length between white and yellow phenotypes of M. manacus in Colombia. Overall morphology did not change in a clinal fashion in relation to the contact zone and the few traits that exhibit clinal variation suggest a distant locality for the contact zone, not in line with our expectations by secondary contact between differentiated populations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for differentiation between subspecies. Our results suggest that this species exhibits marked morphological variation associated with changes in temperature and precipitation. These associations are consistent throughout the geographic range analysed, leading us to postulate that dispersal and local adaptation jointly shape the distribution of phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Morales
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Juan P Gómez
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 08001, Colombia
| | - Juan L Parra
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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4
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Damasceno RP, Carnaval AC, Sass C, Sousa Recoder R, Moritz C, Trefaut Rodrigues M. Geographic restriction, genetic divergence, and morphological disparity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests: Insights from Leposoma lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Squamata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106993. [PMID: 33148523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lineage differentiation, long-term persistence, and range limitation promote high levels of phylogenetic and phylogeographic endemisms and likely underlie the abundant morphologically cryptic diversity observed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests (AF). We explore lineage differentiation and range restriction in the AF and ask if genetic divergence and morphological disparity are correlated by integrating coalescent-based species delimitation, molecular phylogenetic, and morphological analyses in the lizard genus Leposoma. We present the first species tree for Leposoma and of their tribe, the Ecpleopodini. The analyses are based on the largest dataset ever assembled for Leposoma in terms of number of species (all represented), genetic markers (12 loci), and geographic coverage (~2,500 km). The exercise allows us to robustly delimit species within the genus and phylogeographic lineages within all species. We find support for the monophyly of the genus and for the recognition of a yet undescribed species around the Baía de Todos-os-Santos, in the state of Bahia; this form is distinct from all other congeners, both genetically and morphologically. We find that L. baturitensis, from the northeastern state of Ceará, is basal to the genus - and sister to a clade of six species restricted to the AF across the eastern coast of Brazil. Relationships within this coastal clade are ((((L. annectans, Leposoma sp.), L. scincoides), L. puk) (L. nanodactylus, L. sinepollex)). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, together with precise distribution data, allowed us to update the ranges of species and phylogeographic lineages. We reveal pervasive geographic restriction of divergent lineages in Leposoma at and below species level and discuss how forest refuges and rivers might have contributed to it. We find that morphological disparity lags behind genetic divergence in the genus because although they are correlated, the first accumulates at a much slower rate than the latter. We hope to encourage new studies in the area of AF north of the Doce river; phylogeographic sampling in that region has been much less common relative to southern sites, yet it may hold the key to several important processes defining biodiversity patterns in eastern Brazil. This appears to specially apply to processes underlying geographic restriction of morphologically cryptic, yet genetic divergent lineages, as the case of Leposoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta P Damasceno
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York and the Biology Program at the Graduate Center of CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, Marshak Life Science Building J-526, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Chodon Sass
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Craig Moritz
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
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5
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Uzqueda A, Burnett S, Bertola LV, Hoskin CJ. Quantifying range decline and remaining populations of the large marsupial carnivore of Australia’s tropical rainforest. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Large predators are particularly susceptible to population declines due to large area requirements, low population density, and conflict with humans. Their low density and secretive habits also make it difficult to know the spatial extent, size, and connectivity of populations; declines hence can go unnoticed. Here, we quantified decline in a large marsupial carnivore, the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus gracilis), endemic to the Wet Tropics rainforest of northeast Australia. We compiled a large database of occurrence records and used species distributional modeling to estimate the distribution in four time periods (Pre-1956, 1956–1975, 1976–1995, 1996–2016) using climate layers and three human-use variables. The most supported variables in the distribution models were climatic, with highly suitable quoll habitat having relatively high precipitation, low temperatures, and a narrow annual range in temperature. Land-use type and road density also influenced quoll distribution in some time periods. The modeling revealed a significant decline in the distribution of D. m. gracilis over the last century, with contraction away from peripheral areas and from large areas of the Atherton Tablelands in the center of the distribution. Tests of the change in patch availability for populations of 20, 50, and 100 individuals revealed a substantial (17–32%) decline in available habitat for all population sizes, with a particular decline (31–40%) in core habitat (i.e., excluding edges). Six remaining populations were defined. Extrapolating capture–recapture density estimates derived from two populations in 2017 suggests these populations are small and range from about 10 to 160 individuals. Our total population estimate sums to 424 individuals, but we outline why this estimate is positively skewed and that the actual population size may be < 300 individuals. Continued decline and apparent absence in areas of highly suitable habitat suggests some threats are not being captured in our models. From our results, we provide management and research recommendations for this enigmatic predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Uzqueda
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Burnett
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Lorenzo V Bertola
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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6
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E, Caccone A, Camargo A, Morando M, Niemiller ML, Pabijan M, Russello MA, Sinervo B, Werneck FP, Sites JW, Wiens JJ, Steinfartz S. Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090646. [PMID: 31455040 PMCID: PMC6769790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathon C Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson Street, Dept. 2505, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arley Camargo
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Morando
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC, CENPAT-CONICET) Bv. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Maciej Pabijan
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-000, Brazil
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Zozaya SM, Higgie M, Moritz C, Hoskin CJ. Are Pheromones Key to Unlocking Cryptic Lizard Diversity? Am Nat 2019; 194:168-182. [DOI: 10.1086/704059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Wiens JJ, Camacho A, Goldberg A, Jezkova T, Kaplan ME, Lambert SM, Miller EC, Streicher JW, Walls RL. Climate change, extinction, and Sky Island biogeography in a montane lizard. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2610-2624. [PMID: 30843297 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Around the world, many species are confined to "Sky Islands," with different populations in isolated patches of montane habitat. How does this pattern arise? One scenario is that montane species were widespread in lowlands when climates were cooler, and were isolated by local extinction caused by warming conditions. This scenario implies that many montane species may be highly susceptible to anthropogenic warming. Here, we test this scenario in a montane lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii) from the Madrean Sky Islands of southeastern Arizona. We combined data from field surveys, climate, population genomics, and physiology. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that this species' current distribution is explained by local extinction caused by past climate change. However, our results for this species differ from simple expectations in several ways: (a) their absence at lower elevations is related to warm winter temperatures, not hot summer temperatures; (b) they appear to exclude a low-elevation congener from higher elevations, not the converse; (c) they are apparently absent from many climatically suitable but low mountain ranges, seemingly "pushed off the top" by climates even warmer than those today; (d) despite the potential for dispersal among ranges during recent glacial periods (~18,000 years ago), populations in different ranges diverged ~4.5-0.5 million years ago and remained largely distinct; and (e) body temperatures are inversely related to climatic temperatures among sites. These results may have implications for many other Sky Island systems. More broadly, we suggest that Sky Island species may be relevant for predicting responses to future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aaron Goldberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tereza Jezkova
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Matthew E Kaplan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Functional Genomics Core, Arizona Research Laboratories, Research, Discovery & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shea M Lambert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth C Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey W Streicher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Ramona L Walls
- CyVerse, Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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9
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A dated molecular phylogeny of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) elucidates ancient diversification dynamics in the Australian Wet Tropics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:813-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Singhal S, Hoskin CJ, Couper P, Potter S, Moritz C. A Framework for Resolving Cryptic Species: A Case Study from the Lizards of the Australian Wet Tropics. Syst Biol 2018; 67:1061-1075. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University—Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Patrick Couper
- Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Sally Potter
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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11
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Bertola LV, Higgie M, Hoskin CJ. Resolving distribution and population fragmentation in two leaf-tailed gecko species of north-east Australia: key steps in the conservation of microendemic species. AUST J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/zo18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
North Queensland harbours many microendemic species. These species are of conservation concern due to their small and fragmented populations, coupled with threats such as fire and climate change. We aimed to resolve the distribution and population genetic structure in two localised Phyllurus leaf-tailed geckos: P. gulbaru and P. amnicola. We conducted field surveys to better resolve distributions, used Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to assess the potential distribution, and then used the SDMs to target further surveys. We also sequenced all populations for a mitochondrial gene to assess population genetic structure. Our surveys found additional small, isolated populations of both species, including significant range extensions. SDMs revealed the climatic and non-climatic variables that best predict the distribution of these species. Targeted surveys based on the SDMs found P. gulbaru at an additional two sites but failed to find either species at other sites, suggesting that we have broadly resolved their distributions. Genetic analysis revealed population genetic structuring in both species, including deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages. Current and potential threats are overlain on these results to determine conservation listings and identify management actions. More broadly, this study highlights how targeted surveys, SDMs, and genetic data can rapidly increase our knowledge of microendemic species, and direct management.
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12
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Teng H, Zhang Y, Shi C, Mao F, Cai W, Lu L, Zhao F, Sun Z, Zhang J. Population Genomics Reveals Speciation and Introgression between Brown Norway Rats and Their Sibling Species. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2214-2228. [PMID: 28482038 PMCID: PMC5850741 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine rodents are excellent models for study of adaptive radiations and speciation. Brown Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are successful global colonizers and the contributions of their domesticated laboratory strains to biomedical research are well established. To identify nucleotide-based speciation timing of the rat and genomic information contributing to its colonization capabilities, we analyzed 51 whole-genome sequences of wild-derived Brown Norway rats and their sibling species, R. nitidus, and identified over 20 million genetic variants in the wild Brown Norway rats that were absent in the laboratory strains, which substantially expand the reservoir of rat genetic diversity. We showed that divergence of the rat and its siblings coincided with drastic climatic changes that occurred during the Middle Pleistocene. Further, we revealed that there was a geographically widespread influx of genes between Brown Norway rats and the sibling species following the divergence, resulting in numerous introgressed regions in the genomes of admixed Brown Norway rats. Intriguing, genes related to chemical communications among these introgressed regions appeared to contribute to the population-specific adaptations of the admixed Brown Norway rats. Our data reveals evolutionary history of the Brown Norway rat, and offers new insights into the role of climatic changes in speciation of animals and the effect of interspecies introgression on animal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Teng
- The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanshi Cai
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Hof AR, Jansson R. How bird clades diversify in response to climatic and geographic factors. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1129-1139. [PMID: 28704887 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the environmental correlates of global patterns in standing species richness are well understood, it is poorly known which environmental factors promote diversification (speciation minus extinction) in clades. We tested several hypotheses for how geographic and climatic variables should affect diversification using a large dataset of bird sister genera endemic to the New World. We found support for the area, evolutionary speed, environmental predictability and climatic stability hypotheses, but productivity and topographic complexity were rejected as explanations. Genera that had accumulated more species tend to occupy wider niche space, manifested both as occurrence over wider areas and in more habitats. Genera with geographic ranges that have remained more stable in response to glacial-interglacial changes in climate were also more species rich. Since many relevant explanatory variables vary latitudinally, it is crucial to control for latitude when testing alternative mechanistic explanations for geographic variation in diversification among clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveva Rodríguez-Castañeda
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Anouschka R Hof
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roland Jansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Derkarabetian S, Burns M, Starrett J, Hedin M. Population genomic evidence for multiple Pliocene refugia in a montane‐restricted harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones,
Sclerobunus robustus
) from the southwestern United States. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4611-31. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahan Derkarabetian
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182‐4614 USA
- Department of Biology University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mercedes Burns
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182‐4614 USA
| | - James Starrett
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182‐4614 USA
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182‐4614 USA
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Cutter AD, Gray JC. Ephemeral ecological speciation and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient. Evolution 2016; 70:2171-2185. [PMID: 27502055 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The richness of biodiversity in the tropics compared to high-latitude parts of the world forms one of the most globally conspicuous patterns in biology, and yet few hypotheses aim to explain this phenomenon in terms of explicit microevolutionary mechanisms of speciation and extinction. We link population genetic processes of selection and adaptation to speciation and extinction by way of their interaction with environmental factors to drive global scale macroecological patterns. High-latitude regions are both cradle and grave with respect to species diversification. In particular, we point to a conceptual equivalence of "environmental harshness" and "hard selection" as eco-evolutionary drivers of local adaptation and ecological speciation. By describing how ecological speciation likely occurs more readily at high latitudes, with such nascent species especially prone to extinction by fusion, we derive the ephemeral ecological speciation hypothesis as an integrative mechanistic explanation for latitudinal gradients in species turnover and the net accumulation of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher D Cutter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Jeremy C Gray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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16
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Lecompte É, Bouanani MA, Magro A, Crouau-Roy B. Genetic diversity and structuring across the range of a widely distributed ladybird: focus on rear-edge populations phenotypically divergent. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5517-29. [PMID: 27551401 PMCID: PMC4984522 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Population genetics and phenotypic structures are often predicted to vary along the geographic range of a species. This phenomenon would be accentuated for species with large range areas, with discontinuities and marginal populations. We herein compare the genetic patterns of central populations of Coccinella septempunctata L. with those of two phenotypically differentiated populations considered as rear‐edge populations and subspecies based on phenotype (Algeria and Japan). According to the central‐marginal model and expected characteristics of rear‐edge populations, we hypothesize that these rear‐edge populations have (1) a reduced genetic diversity, resulting from their relative isolation over long periods of time, (2) a higher population genetic differentiation, explained by low contemporary gene flow levels, and (3) a relationship between genetic diversity characteristics and phenotypes, due to historical isolation and/or local adaptation. Based on genotyping of 28 populations for 18 microsatellite markers, several levels of regional genetic diversity and differentiation are observed between and within populations, according to their localization: low within‐population genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation of rear‐edge populations. The genetic structuring clearly dissociates the Algerian and Eastern Asia populations from the others. Geographical patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation support the hypothesis of the central‐marginal model. The pattern observed is in agreement with the phenotypic structure across species range. A clear genetic break between populations of Algeria, the Eastern Asia, and the remaining populations is a dominant feature of the data. Differential local adaptations, absence of gene flow between marginal and central populations, and/or incapacity to mate after colonization, have contributed to their distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Lecompte
- Université Toulouse 3 UPS, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) CNRS, ENFA F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Mohand-Ameziane Bouanani
- Université Toulouse 3 UPS, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) CNRS, ENFA F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Alexandra Magro
- Université Toulouse 3 UPS, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) CNRS, ENFA F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Brigitte Crouau-Roy
- Université Toulouse 3 UPS, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) CNRS, ENFA F-31062 Toulouse France
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17
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Bryant LM, Krosch MN. Lines in the land: a review of evidence for eastern Australia's major biogeographical barriers to closed forest taxa. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Litticia M. Bryant
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
| | - Matt N. Krosch
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
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An Ancient Divide in a Contiguous Rainforest: Endemic Earthworms in the Australian Wet Tropics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136943. [PMID: 26366862 PMCID: PMC4569478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that shape current species diversity is a fundamental aim of ecology and evolutionary biology. The Australian Wet Tropics (AWT) are a system in which much is known about how the rainforests and the rainforest-dependent organisms reacted to late Pleistocene climate changes, but less is known about how events deeper in time shaped speciation and extinction in this highly endemic biota. We estimate the phylogeny of a species-rich endemic genus of earthworms (Terrisswalkerius) from the region. Using DEC and DIVA historical biogeography methods we find a strong signal of vicariance among known biogeographical sub-regions across the whole phylogeny, congruent with the phylogeography of less diverse vertebrate groups. Absolute dating estimates, in conjunction with relative ages of major biogeographic disjunctions across Australia, indicate that diversification in Terrisswalkerius dates back before the mid-Miocene shift towards aridification, into the Paleogene era of isolation of mesothermal Gondwanan Australia. For the Queensland endemic Terrisswalkerius earthworms, the AWT have acted as both a museum of biological diversity and as the setting for continuing geographically structured diversification. These results suggest that past events affecting organismal diversification can be concordant across phylogeographic to phylogenetic levels and emphasize the value of multi-scale analysis, from intra- to interspecies, for understanding the broad-scale processes that have shaped geographic diversity.
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Cliff HB, Wapstra E, Burridge CP. Persistence and dispersal in a Southern Hemisphere glaciated landscape: the phylogeography of the spotted snow skink (Niveoscincus ocellatus) in Tasmania. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:121. [PMID: 26111715 PMCID: PMC4482293 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this research was to identify the effects of Pleistocene climate change on the distribution of fauna in Tasmania, and contrast this with biotic responses in other temperate regions in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere that experienced glacial activity during this epoch. This was achieved by examining the phylogeographic patterns in a widely distributed Tasmanian endemic reptile, Niveoscincus ocellatus. 204 individuals from 29 populations across the distributional range of N. ocellatus were surveyed for variation at two mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND4), and two nuclear genes (β-globin, RPS8). Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using a range of methods (maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and haplotype networks), and the demographic histories of populations were assessed (AMOVA, Tajima’s D, Fu’s Fs, mismatch distributions, extended Bayesian skyline plots, and relaxed random walk analyses). Results There was a high degree of mitochondrial haplotype diversity (96 unique haplotypes) and phylogeographic structure, where spatially distinct groups were associated with Tasmania’s Northeast and a large area covering Southeast and Central Tasmania. Phylogeographic structure was also present within each major group, but the degree varied regionally, being highest in the Northeast. Only the Southeastern group had a signature of demographic expansion, occurring during the Pleistocene but post-dating the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast, nuclear DNA had low levels of variation and a lack of phylogeographic structure, and further loci should be surveyed to corroborate the mitochondrial inferences. Conclusions The phylogeographic patterns of N. ocellatus indicate Pleistocene range and demographic expansion in N. ocellatus, particularly in the Southeast and Central areas of Tasmania. Expansion in Central and Southeastern areas appears to have been more recent in both demographic and spatial contexts, than in Northeast Tasmania, which is consistent with inferences for other taxa of greater stability and persistence in Northeast Tasmania during the Last Glacial Maximum. These phylogeographic patterns indicate contrasting demographic histories of populations in close proximity to areas directly affected by glaciers in the Southern Hemisphere during the LGM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0397-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Cliff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - E Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - C P Burridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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Rosauer DF, Catullo RA, VanDerWal J, Moussalli A, Moritz C. Lineage range estimation method reveals fine-scale endemism linked to Pleistocene stability in Australian rainforest herpetofauna. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126274. [PMID: 26020936 PMCID: PMC4447262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Areas of suitable habitat for species and communities have arisen, shifted, and disappeared with Pleistocene climate cycles, and through this shifting landscape, current biodiversity has found paths to the present. Evolutionary refugia, areas of relative habitat stability in this shifting landscape, support persistence of lineages through time, and are thus crucial to the accumulation and maintenance of biodiversity. Areas of endemism are indicative of refugial areas where diversity has persisted, and endemism of intraspecific lineages in particular is strongly associated with late-Pleistocene habitat stability. However, it remains a challenge to consistently estimate the geographic ranges of intraspecific lineages and thus infer phylogeographic endemism, because spatial sampling for genetic analyses is typically sparse relative to species records. We present a novel technique to model the geographic distribution of intraspecific lineages, which is informed by the ecological niche of a species and known locations of its constituent lineages. Our approach allows for the effects of isolation by unsuitable habitat, and captures uncertainty in the extent of lineage ranges. Applying this method to the arc of rainforest areas spanning 3500 km in eastern Australia, we estimated lineage endemism for 53 species of rainforest dependent herpetofauna with available phylogeographic data. We related endemism to the stability of rainforest habitat over the past 120,000 years and identified distinct concentrations of lineage endemism that can be considered putative refugia. These areas of lineage endemism are strongly related to historical stability of rainforest habitat, after controlling for the effects of current environment. In fact, a dynamic stability model that allows movement to track suitable habitat over time was the most important factor in explaining current patterns of endemism. The techniques presented here provide an objective, practical method for estimating geographic ranges below the species level, and including them in spatial analyses of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan F. Rosauer
- Research School of Biology & Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Renee A. Catullo
- Research School of Biology & Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity & Climate Change, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- eResearch Centre, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adnan Moussalli
- Sciences Department, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Research School of Biology & Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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21
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Wilmer JW, Couper P. Phylogeography of north-eastern Australia’s Cyrtodactylus radiation: a habitat switch highlights adaptive capacity at a generic level. AUST J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/zo15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cyrtodactylus is the most diverse and widely distributed group of geckos in the world. Throughout their extensive range, species exploit a diverse range of habitats and are able to partition niches locally. Recent work has shown that Cyrtodactylus geckos in Queensland, Australia, have radiated in situ after colonisation by an arboreal Papuan ancestor and have undergone a habitat switch to rock dwelling during their evolutionary history. Using mitochondrial data we conducted a phylogeographic and molecular dating analysis to investigate the historical biogeography of Cyrtodactylus species in north Queensland. Our analyses show that after the arrival of a Papuan rainforest-dwelling ancestor, Cyrtodactylus diverged into two major lineages: one more restricted in northern Cape York and the other more widespread. Discordance in the timing of the speciation events and phylogeographic distribution within the two lineages likely reflect regional differences in the continuity of mesic rock habitats and climatic variability over the last 15 million years. Reconstructing the history of habitat use on a pre-existing global phylogeny reveals that switches between major habitat ecologies, rock and forest, have occurred multiple times in this genus. The ability to transition between different habitat types may have contributed to the global diversification of these geckos.
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22
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Damasceno R, Strangas ML, Carnaval AC, Rodrigues MT, Moritz C. Revisiting the vanishing refuge model of diversification. Front Genet 2014; 5:353. [PMID: 25374581 PMCID: PMC4205810 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the debate around speciation and historical biogeography has focused on the role of stabilizing selection on the physiological (abiotic) niche, emphasizing how isolation and vicariance, when associated with niche conservatism, may drive tropical speciation. Yet, recent re-emphasis on the ecological dimensions of speciation points to a more prominent role of divergent selection in driving genetic, phenotypic, and niche divergence. The vanishing refuge model (VRM), first described by Vanzolini and Williams (1981), describes a process of diversification through climate-driven habitat fragmentation and exposure to new environments, integrating both vicariance and divergent selection. This model suggests that dynamic climates and peripheral isolates can lead to genetic and functional (i.e., ecological and phenotypic) diversity, resulting in sister taxa that occupy contrasting habitats with abutting distributions. Here, we provide predictions for populations undergoing divergence according to the VRM that encompass habitat dynamics, phylogeography, and phenotypic differentiation across populations. Such integrative analyses can, in principle, differentiate the operation of the VRM from other speciation models. We applied these principles to a lizard species, Coleodactylus meridionalis, which was used to illustrate the model in the original paper. We incorporate data on inferred historic habitat dynamics, phylogeography and thermal physiology to test for divergence between coastal and inland populations in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Environmental and genetic analyses are concordant with divergence through the VRM, yet physiological data are not. We emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to test this and alternative speciation models while seeking to explain the extraordinarily high genetic and phenotypic diversity of tropical biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Damasceno
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Integrative Biology Department, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Strangas
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana C Carnaval
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA ; Biology Department, City College, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Craig Moritz
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Integrative Biology Department, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Acton, ACT, Australia
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Dynesius M, Jansson R. Persistence of within-species lineages: a neglected control of speciation rates. Evolution 2013; 68:923-34. [PMID: 24329123 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a framework distinguishing three principal controls of speciation rate: rate of splitting, level of persistence, and length of speciation duration. We contend that discussions on diversification become clearer in the light of this framework, because speciation rate variation could be attributed to any of these controls. In particular, we claim that the role of persistence of within-species lineages in controlling speciation rates has been greatly underappreciated. More emphasis on the persistence control would change expectations of the role of several biological traits and environmental factors, because they may drive speciation rate in one direction through the persistence control and in the opposite direction through the other two controls. Traits and environments have been little studied regarding their influence on speciation rate through the persistence control, with climatic fluctuations being a relatively well-studied exception. Considering the recent advances in genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we think that the time is ripe for applying the framework in empirical research. Variation among clades and areas (and thus among traits and environments) in the importance of the three rate controls could be addressed for example by dating splitting events, detecting within-species lineages, and scanning genomes for evidence of divergent selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Dynesius
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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24
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Singhal S, Moritz C. Reproductive isolation between phylogeographic lineages scales with divergence. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20132246. [PMID: 24107536 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic studies frequently reveal multiple morphologically cryptic lineages within species. What is not yet clear is whether such lineages represent nascent species or evolutionary ephemera. To address this question, we compare five contact zones, each of which occurs between ecomorphologically cryptic lineages of skinks from the rainforests of the Australian Wet Tropics. Although the contacts probably formed concurrently in response to Holocene expansion from glacial refugia, we estimate that the divergence times (τ) of the lineage pairs range from 3.1 to 11.5 Ma. Multi-locus analyses of the contact zones yielded estimates of reproductive isolation that are tightly correlated with divergence time and, for lineages with older divergence times (τ > 5 Myr), substantial. These results show that phylogeographic splits of increasing depth represent stages along the speciation continuum, even in the absence of overt change in ecologically relevant morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, , 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, , 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, , Building 116, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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26
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Juste J, Benda P, Garcia-Mudarra JL, Ibáñez C. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genusEptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. ZOOL SCR 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC); P.O. Box 1056; 41080; Sevilla; Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC); P.O. Box 1056; 41080; Sevilla; Spain
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Tonini JFR, Costa LP, Carnaval AC. Phylogeographic structure is strong in the Atlantic Forest; predictive power of correlative paleodistribution models, not always. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Filipe Riva Tonini
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia e Biogeografia; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
- Department of Biology; City College of New York; City University of New York; New York NY USA
- Department of Biology; University of Richmond; Richmond VA USA
| | - Leonora Pires Costa
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia e Biogeografia; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology; City College of New York; City University of New York; New York NY USA
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28
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Recipient of the 2012 molecular ecology prize: Craig Moritz. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:15-8. [PMID: 23252576 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moritz C, Langham G, Kearney M, Krockenberger A, VanDerWal J, Williams S. Integrating phylogeography and physiology reveals divergence of thermal traits between central and peripheral lineages of tropical rainforest lizards. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:1680-7. [PMID: 22566675 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical ectotherms are regarded as being especially threatened by global warming, but the extent to which populations vary in key thermal physiological traits is little known. In general, central and peripheral populations are most likely to differ where divergent selection pressures are un-opposed by gene flow. This leads to the prediction that persistent and long-isolated lineages in peripheral regions, as revealed by phylogeography, may differ physiologically from larger centrally located lineages. We test this prediction through comparative assays of critical thermal limits (minimum and maximum critical thermal limits, CT(min), CT(max)) and optimal performance parameters (B80 and T(opt)) across central and peripheral lineages of three species of ground-dwelling skinks endemic to the rainforests of northeast Australia. Peripheral lineages show significantly increased optimal performance temperatures (T(opt)) relative to central populations as well as elevated CT(min), with the latter trait also inversely related to elevation. CT(max) did not vary between central and peripheral lineages, but was higher in a forest edge species than in the forest interior species. The results suggest that long-isolated populations in peripheral rainforests harbour genotypes that confer resilience to future warming, emphasizing the need to protect these as well as larger central habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Moritz
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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30
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Coalescent-based species delimitation in an integrative taxonomy. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:480-8. [PMID: 22633974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rix MG, Harvey MS. Australian Assassins, Part III: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of tropical north-eastern Queensland. Zookeys 2012; 218:1-50. [PMID: 22977344 PMCID: PMC3433871 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.218.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The assassin spiders of the family Archaeidae from tropical north-eastern Queensland are revised, with eight new species described from rainforest habitats of the Wet Tropics bioregion and Mackay-Whitsundays Hinterland: Austrarchaea griswoldisp. n., Austrarchaea hoskinisp. n., Austrarchaea karenaesp. n., Austrarchaea tealeisp. n., Austrarchaea thompsonisp. n., Austrarchaea wallaceisp. n., Austrarchaea westisp. n. and Austrarchaea woodaesp. n. Specimens of the only previously described species, Austrarchaea daviesae Forster & Platnick, 1984, are redescribed from the southern Atherton Tableland. The rainforests of tropical eastern Queensland are found to be a potential hotspot of archaeid diversity and endemism, with the region likely to be home to numerous additional short-range endemic taxa. A key to species complements the taxonomy, with maps, natural history information and conservation assessments provided for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Rix
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986, Australia
| | - Mark S. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986, Australia
- Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Research Associate, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Adjunct Professor, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Werneck FP, Gamble T, Colli GR, Rodrigues MT, Sites Jr JW. DEEP DIVERSIFICATION AND LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN ‘DRY DIAGONAL’: INTEGRATING CONTINENT-WIDE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND DISTRIBUTION MODELING OF GECKOS. Evolution 2012; 66:3014-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oza AU, Lovett KE, Williams SE, Moritz C. Recent speciation and limited phylogeographic structure in Mixophyes frogs from the Australian Wet Tropics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:407-13. [PMID: 22063263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through a combination of macroecological, paleoecological, and phylogeographical analyses, the rainforests of the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT) have emerged as a useful model for understanding sensitivity of species to past climatic change and, hence, for predicting vulnerability to future change. To extend the ecological breadth of comparative phylogeographic analyses, we investigate a clade of myobatrachid frogs, Mixophyes, a genus of large, stream-breeding but terrestrial frogs, three species of which are endemic to rainforests of the AWT. Here we (i) combine mtDNA, allozyme, and morphological data to refine knowledge of the geographic and environmental distribution of each taxon, (ii) resolve relationships among species, and (iii) use mtDNA phylogeography to infer responses of the three taxa to late-Pleistocene and Holocene climatic change. Each of the three species (Mixophyes carbinensis, Mixophyes coggeri, and Mixophyes schevilli) is effectively diagnosed by mtDNA, with the two small-bodied, allopatric species (M. carbinensis and M. schevilli) being sister-taxa. Mixophyes have a very different history from other AWT amphibians, with more recent speciation (net divergences <5%) and much lower and geographically unstructured mtDNA diversity within each species. The combination of low diversity (θ(Π)<0.36%) and strong signals of recent population expansion (Fu's Fs<0) suggests very high sensitivity to climate-driven rainforest dynamics, perhaps due to their large body size, low population density, and their requirement for both wet forest-floor litter and streams suitable for breeding. The results further emphasize the heterogeneity of species' responses to climate change and suggest that species dependent on multiple habitat types could be especially vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja U Oza
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA.
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